A blowback prevention device for a slag cooler

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of cold slag machine anti-spraying slag devices, it is related to cold slag machine technical field, including the buffer separation module, gas lock feeding module and cooling flow guide module sequentially communicated from top to bottom, the buffer bin is internally provided with the cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, the buffer bin top is provided with the confluence cavity being communicated with cyclone separator exhaust end, and exhaust port is equipped on the confluence cavity;The gas lock feeding module includes pneumatically wear-resistant gate valve and rotary seal feeding valve being arranged in series from top to bottom;The cooling flow guide module includes slag pipe body, the slag pipe body outside is equipped with air-cooled jacket, and the slag pipe body inside is connected with flow guide distributor by suspension fixed assembly.The utility model is through buffer separation, pressure gas lock, cooling flow guide three modular design, system solves the problem of spraying slag, effect is remarkable, and safety reliability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cold slag machine technology, and in particular to a cold slag machine anti-spraying device. Background Technology

[0002] In circulating fluidized bed boilers, high-temperature slag needs to be cooled and transported via a slag cooler. During the process of slag being discharged from the boiler slag discharge port and entering the slag cooler through the slag drop pipe, severe slag spraying frequently occurs. This spraying is mainly caused by the following factors: firstly, the positive pressure inside the furnace carries airflow that surges out instantaneously along with the slag in large quantities; secondly, unburned carbon in the high-temperature slag undergoes secondary combustion upon contact with air, producing deflagration gases; and thirdly, the high temperature generates gas expansion pressure within the slag drop pipe.

[0003] Slag spraying is a serious hazard, not only polluting the working environment and endangering personnel safety, but also damaging equipment and affecting the stable operation of boilers. Current technologies often use simple buffer boxes or shut-off valves on the slag discharge pipe, but the buffering effect is limited, and fundamental problems such as pressure isolation, high-temperature cooling, and gas flow release are not systematically addressed. Patent CN221648465U discloses a slag spraying prevention device for a slag discharge pipe in a slag cooler, employing a water-cooled jacket and a movable rotating plate for cooling and pressure reduction. However, if the slag discharge pipe ruptures due to wear, corrosion, or thermal stress, the contact between the high-temperature slag and water can trigger a severe steam explosion, posing an extremely high risk. In high-temperature, high-wear environments, the shaft seal, bearing life, and deformation resistance of the movable rotating plate face significant challenges, easily becoming jammed, worn, leaking, and losing its regulating function. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated slag spraying prevention device that combines buffering, isolation, cooling, and intelligent control to fundamentally solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a slag spray prevention device for a cold slag machine that is structurally reasonable, safe and reliable, and can effectively suppress and eliminate slag spraying.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives and meet the above technical requirements, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a slag spray prevention device for a cold slag machine, comprising a buffer separation module, an air-lock feeding module, and a cooling guide module arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The buffer separation module includes a buffer chamber, with an inlet for connecting to boiler slag discharge on the upper side of the buffer chamber. A cyclone separator for gas-solid separation is provided inside the buffer chamber. A confluence chamber connected to the exhaust end of the cyclone separator is provided at the top of the buffer chamber. An exhaust port is provided on the confluence chamber, and a pressure sensor is provided inside the confluence chamber. The airlock feeding module includes a pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve and a rotary sealing feeding valve arranged in series from top to bottom. The inlet of the pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve is connected to the outlet of the buffer chamber. The cooling guide module includes a slag pipe body, an air-cooled jacket is provided on the outside of the slag pipe body, an annular cooling air channel is formed between the air-cooled jacket and the outer wall of the slag pipe body, a cooling air inlet is provided at the lower part of the air-cooled jacket and a cooling air outlet is provided at the upper part, and a flow distributor is connected inside the slag pipe body through a suspension fixing component. It also includes a control system, which is signal-connected to a pressure sensor located in the buffer separation module, a temperature sensor located in the cooling flow guiding module, the pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve, and the rotary sealing feed valve.

[0006] Preferably, the exhaust port of the manifold is connected to an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is equipped with an explosion-proof door.

[0007] Preferably, the suspension fixing assembly includes a suspension bracket, which is fixed to the inner wall of the upper end of the slag discharge pipe body. A suspension rod is provided at the center of the suspension bracket, and the lower end of the suspension rod is connected to a flow guide distributor.

[0008] Preferably, the suspension bracket includes a support ring and a central tube seat, and the support ring and the central tube seat are connected by a plurality of radial support rods.

[0009] Preferably, the flow distributor is conical, with several fan-shaped grooves circumferentially opened on its conical surface, and the lower edge of the flow distributor has a toothed structure.

[0010] Preferably, the buffer separation module, the airlock feeding module, and the cooling guide module are connected by flanges and expansion joints.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer chamber is provided with a nitrogen injection port, which is connected to a nitrogen source via a pipeline and connected to the control system.

[0012] Preferably, the control system has preset control logic that, when the detection value of the pressure sensor exceeds a set threshold, controls to increase the rotational speed of the rotary sealing feed valve; and / or, when the detection value of the temperature sensor exceeds a set threshold, controls to open the nitrogen injection port provided on the buffer chamber.

[0013] Compared with the traditional structure, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. Through a three-stage modular design of "buffer separation → pressure lock → cooling flow," the slag spray problem is systematically solved from multiple levels, including gas release, pressure isolation, flow control, and energy dissipation. An air-cooled jacket replaces the higher-risk water-cooling system, offering inherent safety; an explosion-proof door serves as the final safety release device; and dual valves in series provide redundant sealing protection, ensuring high reliability.

[0014] 2. The use of a cyclone separator effectively achieves gas-solid separation and releases the carried pressure; the counter-flow air-cooled jacket can efficiently cool the slag, suppress secondary combustion, and at the same time, the recovered hot air can be sent back to the boiler, improving the system's thermal efficiency and achieving high efficiency and energy saving.

[0015] 3. The modular design allows each functional section to be manufactured, transported and replaced independently. Wear-resistant parts such as flow distributors and gates are designed to be replaceable, reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0016] 4. The unique toothed edge and fan-shaped groove design of the flow guide distributor can more effectively disperse the slag flow, achieve uniform material distribution, and avoid single-point scouring and wear at the feed inlet of the slag cooler.

[0017] 5. Adaptive adjustment is achieved through the linkage of pressure and temperature sensors with the actuator. When an abnormal pressure is detected, the system automatically accelerates slag discharge and depressurization; when an abnormal temperature is detected, it automatically injects nitrogen to suppress the pressure. This system is highly intelligent and provides a rapid anti-blowout response. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide and distributor structure of this utility model; In the diagram: 1. Buffer separation module, 11. Buffer chamber, 12. Feed inlet, 13. Cyclone separator, 14. Manifold, 15. Nitrogen injection interface, 2. Airlock feeding module, 21. Pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve, 22. Rotary sealing feeding valve, 3. Cooling guide module, 31. Slag discharge pipe body, 32. Air-cooled jacket, 33. Flow distributor, 331. Fan-shaped groove, 34. Suspension fixing assembly, 341. Suspension bracket, 342. Hanging rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below.

[0020] See attached document Figures 1-2A slag spray prevention device for a cold slag machine includes a buffer separation module 1, an air-lock feeding module 2, and a cooling guide module 3 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The buffer separation module 1 includes a buffer chamber 101, which is a vertical cylindrical conical bottom structure. The feed inlet 12 on its upper side is connected to the original slag discharge pipe of the boiler through an expansion joint to compensate for thermal displacement. The buffer chamber 11 is equipped with a cyclone separator 13 for gas-solid separation, and its tangential inlet is connected to the feed channel. The top of the buffer chamber 11 is equipped with a confluence chamber 14 that communicates with the exhaust end of the cyclone separator 13. The confluence chamber 14 is equipped with an exhaust port, and a pressure sensor is installed on the side wall of the confluence chamber 14 for real-time monitoring of gas pressure. When the high-temperature slag-gas mixture carrying high-pressure gas flow enters the cyclone separator 13 tangentially, the solid slag is thrown against the wall and slides down the conical hopper under the action of centrifugal force, realizing the initial gas-solid separation. The separated gas, carrying a small amount of fine ash, rises into the top manifold 14 and is then discharged through the exhaust pipe to the boiler flue or dust removal system, effectively releasing the pressure carried from the furnace. Explosion-proof doors installed on the exhaust pipe provide ultimate safety relief in case of overpressure.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the cyclone separator 13 is a separate, built-in component. It is suspended and fixed by connecting the upper flange to the corresponding flange inside the buffer chamber 11, and its lower conical outlet extends into the lower space of the buffer chamber 11.

[0022] The airlock feeding module 2 includes a pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve 21 and a rotary sealing feeding valve 22 connected in series from top to bottom. The inlet of the pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve 21 is connected to the outlet of the buffer chamber 11. The pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve 21 mainly serves as a safety shut-off valve, quickly cutting off the slag flow during maintenance or emergencies. The rotary sealing feeding valve 22 is the core regulating component, including a valve body and a rotor driven by a variable frequency motor. The rotor has multiple blades evenly arranged circumferentially, and its variable frequency motor-driven rotor can achieve continuous and controllable quantitative feeding. The rotor blades are preferably designed with a hollow structure to allow a small amount of cooling air to be introduced to reduce the operating temperature and extend the service life. The two valves connected in series form a reliable double mechanical seal, effectively isolating the pressure transmission between the downstream and upstream.

[0023] The cooling guide module 3 includes a slag discharge pipe body 31, with an air-cooled jacket 32 ​​on the outside. An annular cooling air channel is formed between the air-cooled jacket 32 ​​and the outer wall of the slag discharge pipe body 31. The air-cooled jacket 32 ​​has a cooling air inlet at the bottom and a cooling air outlet at the top. Cooling air enters from the lower cooling air inlet, flows upwards against the slag flow direction, and exits from the top cooling air outlet. This counter-flow design greatly improves cooling efficiency, rapidly reducing the surface temperature of the slag flow to below the ignition point and effectively suppressing secondary combustion. The heated cooling air can be recycled.

[0024] The slag discharge pipe body 31 is equipped with a flow guide distributor 33 inside; the flow guide distributor 33 has a conical structure, and its conical surface has several fan-shaped grooves 331 circumferentially opened. The lower edge of the flow guide distributor 33 has a toothed structure. This design causes the vertically falling slag flow to be forcibly dispersed and redirected after impacting the conical surface, and then fall evenly and dispersedly from the tooth gaps and grooves, completely eliminating the direct scouring of the high-speed jet on the feed inlet of the slag cooler.

[0025] The flow distributor 33 is suspended on the upper part of the inner wall of the slag discharge pipe body 31 by a suspension fixing assembly 34. The suspension fixing assembly 34 includes a suspension bracket 341, which is fixed to the upper inner wall of the slag discharge pipe body 31. A hanging rod 342 is provided at the center of the suspension bracket 341, and the lower end of the hanging rod 342 is connected to the flow distributor 33.

[0026] The suspension bracket 341 includes a support ring welded to the pipe wall and a central pipe seat located at the center. The support ring and the central pipe seat are connected by several radial support rods. The upper end of the hanger 342 is inserted into the central pipe seat and fixed with a pin, and the lower end is connected to the flow distributor 33 by bolts. This suspension structure avoids welding supports in the high-temperature zone at the bottom of the slag discharge pipe and allows free thermal expansion of the components. An annular sealing air interface is machined at the bottom outlet flange of the slag discharge pipe body 31, through which a small amount of compressed air is introduced to form an air curtain to prevent cold air backflow and dust escape. A temperature sensor is installed on the slag discharge pipe body 31 to monitor the slag discharge temperature.

[0027] The buffer separation module 1, the airlock feeding module 2, and the cooling guide module 3 are connected by flanges and high-temperature resistant non-metallic expansion joints, forming a complete modular device that facilitates installation, maintenance, and replacement. Each flange is equipped with an annular sealing air inlet (not shown in the figure) for introducing slightly positive pressure clean air to enhance the seal.

[0028] The buffer chamber 11 is equipped with a nitrogen injection port 15, which is connected to a nitrogen source via a pipeline and to the control system.

[0029] The control system integrates a PLC control unit, receiving signals from pressure and temperature sensors. Its internal preset control logic is as follows: when the pressure in the manifold 14 exceeds a first set value, the control system instructs the rotary sealing feed valve 22 to increase its rotation speed, accelerating slag discharge to lower the material level in the buffer chamber 11, thereby reducing gas flow resistance and causing the manifold pressure to return to the set range; conversely, it reduces the rotation speed. When the slag discharge temperature exceeds a second set value (indicating possible secondary combustion), the control system immediately opens the solenoid valve of the nitrogen injection port 15, injecting inert nitrogen into the buffer chamber 11 to suppress combustion, and simultaneously accelerating slag discharge.

[0030] In practice, the high-temperature slag-gas mixture discharged from the boiler enters the buffer separation module 1 through the feed inlet 12. Gas-solid separation occurs in the cyclone separator 13, with the gas being discharged and the solid slag temporarily stored in the lower part of the buffer bin 11. The control system automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the rotary sealing feed valve 22 according to the pressure inside the bin, ensuring continuous and stable discharge of the slag. After passing through the airlock feed module 2, the slag enters the cooling guide module 3, where it is cooled by counter-current air cooling and dispersed by the flow distributor 33, entering the downstream slag cooler at a uniform and low speed, thus completely avoiding slag spraying.

[0031] The above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples to clearly illustrate this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope of this utility model, and the patent protection scope of this utility model should be defined by each claim.

Claims

1. A slag spray prevention device for a slag cooler, characterized in that: The system includes a buffer separation module (1), an airlock feeding module (2), and a cooling guide module (3) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The buffer separation module (1) includes a buffer chamber (11). The upper side of the buffer chamber (11) is provided with a feed inlet (12) for connecting to the boiler slag discharge. The buffer chamber (11) is provided with a cyclone separator (13) for gas-solid separation. The top of the buffer chamber (11) is provided with a confluence chamber (14) connected to the exhaust end of the cyclone separator (13). The confluence chamber (14) is provided with an exhaust port. The confluence chamber (14) is provided with a pressure sensor. The airlock feeding module (2) includes a pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve (21) and a rotary sealing feeding valve (22) arranged in series from top to bottom. The inlet of the pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve (21) is connected to the outlet of the buffer chamber (11). The cooling guide module (3) includes a slag pipe body (31), and an air-cooled jacket (32) is provided on the outside of the slag pipe body (31). An annular cooling air channel is formed between the air-cooled jacket (32) and the outer wall of the slag pipe body (31). The air-cooled jacket (32) has a cooling air inlet at the bottom and a cooling air outlet at the top. A flow distributor (33) is connected inside the slag pipe body (31) through a suspension fixing component (34). It also includes a control system, which is signal connected to a pressure sensor located in the buffer separation module (1), a temperature sensor located in the cooling flow guiding module (3), the pneumatic wear-resistant gate valve (21), and the rotary sealing feed valve (22).

2. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust port of the manifold (14), and an explosion-proof door is provided on the exhaust pipe.

3. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension fixing assembly (34) includes a suspension bracket (341), which is fixed to the inner wall of the upper end of the slag pipe body (31). A hanging rod (342) is provided at the center of the suspension bracket (341), and the lower end of the hanging rod (342) is connected to a flow guide distributor (33).

4. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The suspension bracket (341) includes a support ring and a central tube seat, and the support ring and the central tube seat are connected by a number of radial support rods.

5. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow distributor (33) is conical, and its conical surface is provided with several fan-shaped grooves (331) around its circumference. The lower edge of the flow distributor (33) is toothed.

6. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer separation module (1), the airlock feeding module (2), and the cooling guide module (3) are connected by flanges and expansion joints.

7. The anti-spraying device for a slag cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer chamber (11) is provided with a nitrogen injection port (15), which is connected to a nitrogen source through a pipeline and connected to the control system.

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