An azimuthal oil and gas well electronic detonator control module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of fixed orientation oil and gas well electronic detonator control module, more specifically related to oil and gas well perforation and fracturing operation control field, including high-temperature-resistant insulating pedestal, selected emission continuous stage seat, power supply ring, grounding ring, control module, basic detonator connecting seat and transducing bridge wire;High-temperature-resistant insulating pedestal is ladder-shaped cylindrical structure, selected emission continuous stage seat, power supply ring and grounding ring are respectively installed in the different ladder cylindrical outer surface of high-temperature-resistant insulating pedestal, control module is strip-like circuit board and fixedly arranged in the axial rear side of high-temperature-resistant insulating pedestal, basic detonator connecting seat is set in the one end of control module away from high-temperature-resistant insulating pedestal. By integrating gravity posture perception, tool face angle solution and detonation determination control in single electronic detonator, detonator can be independently constrained detonation jet direction without external mechanical posture adjustment or gyroscopic measurement in well, so as to realize the real-time directional control of perforation orientation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of oil and gas well perforation and fracturing operation control technology, and more specifically, to a positioning oil and gas well electronic detonator control module. Background Technology

[0002] In the perforation and fracturing operations of shale oil and gas wells and unconventional oil and gas wells, the release direction of the perforation channel and the initiation direction of the fracturing fracture have a decisive impact on the effect of oil and gas reservoir stimulation and single-well production capacity. Therefore, there is an objective need for directional control of the perforation direction in engineering. In existing technologies, to achieve azimuth control of downhole tools, mechanical structures such as eccentric weights and centralizers are usually relied upon to passively maintain a certain attitude of the entire perforation gun string in the well, or to measure the downhole position by inserting a gyroscope into the tubing string and then making manual adjustments. Such methods are not only complex in structure and highly dependent on well conditions, but also have a long operation process and high equipment costs. Once the attitude control deviates, the perforation direction will irreversibly deviate from the target azimuth. Meanwhile, although the most widely used ordinary electronic detonator can achieve high-precision delayed detonation control, it does not have the ability to sense the downhole attitude, nor can it determine and constrain the detonation direction of the perforator. It is still a passive execution unit of "non-directional detonation". It is evident that the core contradiction in current oil and gas well perforation operations lies in the fact that perforation directional control heavily relies on external large tools or the overall attitude adjustment of the entire gun series, while individual detonator levels cannot autonomously sense their orientation and impose real-time constraints on the detonation direction. This results in a complex system structure, high cost, limited reliability, and difficulty in achieving precise directional perforation control for different formation fracture orientations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of this utility model provide a positioning control module for an electronic detonator in an oil and gas well. By integrating gravity attitude sensing, tool face angle calculation, and detonation determination control within a single electronic detonator, the detonator can autonomously constrain the direction of the detonation jet without external mechanical attitude adjustment or gyroscope measurement downhole, thereby achieving real-time directional control of the perforation orientation as described in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a positioning oil and gas well electronic detonator control module, comprising a high-temperature resistant insulating base, a selective detonator stage base, a power supply ring, a grounding ring, a control module, a basic detonator connector base, and a transducer bridge wire; The high-temperature resistant insulating base is a stepped cylindrical structure. The selective firing stage base, power supply ring, and grounding ring are respectively installed on the outer surfaces of different stepped cylinders of the high-temperature resistant insulating base. The control module is a strip-shaped circuit board and is fixedly arranged on the axial rear side of the high-temperature resistant insulating base. The basic detonator connection seat is located at the end of the control module away from the high-temperature resistant insulating base. The transducer bridge wire is installed at the basic detonator connection seat and is electrically connected to the detonating charge. The control module integrates a power management module, a communication module, a microcontroller U1, a programmable read-only memory, a location sensing module, a drive module, and a power protection module. It also includes an ignition module, which consists of a basic detonator connector and a transducer bridge wire electrically connected to it. The ignition module is used to ignite and detonate the explosive charge under the action of the pulse current output by the drive module through the power supply protection module.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, the power input terminal of the power management module is electrically connected to the downhole power supply bus via a selector connector and a power supply ring, respectively, and the output terminal of the power management module provides regulated power to the communication module, the microcontroller U1, and the drive module. The communication module is connected to the ground control system via the selective firing stage seat. It is used to receive target tool face angle parameters, selective firing address information and detonation control commands issued by the ground, and to upload the module status information to the ground control system. The microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the communication module, the programmable read-only memory, the orientation sensing module, and the drive module. It is used to read the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ stored in the programmable read-only memory, periodically collect the attitude data output by the orientation sensing module, and calculate the actual tool face angle ω_actual of the current detonation jet direction relative to the high side of the wellbore based on the attitude data. When it receives the detonation control command for this module from the communication module, it determines whether the condition |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ is met. When the condition is met and the power management module detects that the power supply is normal, it outputs a detonation control signal to the drive module.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the programmable read-only memory is used to retain, without power, the unique identifier of the control module, the target tool face angle ω_target, the tolerance δ, and the detonation delay parameters written to the ground configuration of the control module; The orientation sensing module includes a multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and an accelerometer, which are used to measure the components of gravity acceleration in each axis of the control module's own coordinate system. The microcontroller U1 calculates the high side direction of the wellbore and obtains the actual tool face angle ω_actual based on the gravity vector information and the installation reference direction of the control module in the high-temperature resistant insulating base. The input terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1 and the power management module, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the basic detonator connector and the transducer bridge wire via the power supply protection module. When the drive module receives the detonation control signal output by the microcontroller U1, it releases the electrical energy provided by the power management module to the transducer bridge wire in the form of pulses to ignite the detonating charge. The power supply protection module is connected in series between the drive module and the basic detonator connector and is electrically connected to the grounding ring. It is used to provide overcurrent protection, surge suppression and electrostatic discharge protection for the drive current to ensure that the transducer bridge wire is not accidentally triggered in non-permitted detonation conditions.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the high-temperature resistant insulating base is integrally molded from engineering plastic. The front end face of the high-temperature resistant insulating base is provided with a disc positioning surface that mates with the perforator housing. A positioning groove is formed on the outer circumference near the selective firing stage seat to correspond to the reference line of the working surface of the control module. The positioning groove corresponds to the 0° high side angle reference line on the working surface of the control module, thereby establishing a fixed correspondence between the gravity high side direction and the tool surface angle calculation reference of the control module. The selective generator connector, power supply ring, and grounding ring are all made of alloy metal; The selective launcher base is located at the center of the high-temperature resistant insulating base and is used to connect with the signal conductor of the next-level perforation tool or downhole cable. The power supply ring and grounding ring are respectively set on different stepped surfaces on the outer circumference of the high-temperature resistant insulating base and are electrically connected to the communication module, power management module and grounding network on the control module through internal wires or solder pads.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and accelerometer in the orientation sensing module are in a static or quasi-static measurement mode when working, relying only on the gravity vector for attitude calculation, without using magnetic field or gyroscope signals. In each sampling period, the microcontroller U1 obtains the projection direction of the wellbore high side direction in the coordinate system of the control module by vector normalization and coordinate transformation based on the three-axis gravity components output by the orientation sensing module. Combined with the geometric orientation of the detonation jet channel fixed on the control module, it calculates the actual tool face angle ω_actual, thereby realizing a unified angle definition of the detonation jet orientation under different well inclination angles and well trajectory conditions. In addition to storing the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ, the programmable read-only memory also stores the detonation sequence number and preset delay time. When the communication module receives the configuration command from the ground control system, it writes the corresponding target tool face angle, delay parameters and selected firing address into the programmable read-only memory and sends back the writing result. When the microcontroller U1 executes the detonation logic, it compares and times the received detonation control command according to the stored detonation sequence number and delay parameters. Only when the selected firing address matches and the delay time is completed will it enter the tool face angle determination process of |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the communication module is adapted to the bus-type communication method used in oil and gas well perforation operations. The communication module modulates and demodulates the bus signal, identifies the address, and parses the data. It can filter the broadcast detonation command from the ground control system by its own address and feed back the power supply status, azimuth calculation status, self-test results, and detonation execution results uploaded by the microcontroller U1 to the ground control system through the selective firing cascade seat.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the drive module includes an energy storage capacitor and a switching device. The charging terminal of the energy storage capacitor is provided with a regulated power supply by the power management module. The control terminal of the switching device is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1. When the microcontroller U1 outputs a detonation control signal, the switching device is turned on, causing the energy storage capacitor to release a pulse current to the transducer bridge wire within a target time. In the non-detonation state, the microcontroller U1 periodically detects the current of the transducer bridge wire through the drive module to measure the resistance value of the transducer bridge wire and determine whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault. The detection results are uploaded to the ground control system through the communication module.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the power supply protection module includes an overcurrent protection circuit and a surge suppression circuit. The overcurrent protection circuit is connected in series with the output terminal of the drive module and is used to automatically limit or cut off the power supply to the base detonator connector and the transducer bridge wire when a continuous abnormal high current is detected. One end of the surge suppression circuit is connected to the output of the drive module, and the other end is grounded through a grounding ring. It is used to discharge the static charge and transient surge introduced by the long-distance underground cable, thereby avoiding accidental detonation caused by static electricity or surge when the detonation control signal of the microcontroller U1 is not received.

[0012] The technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows: 1. By integrating orientation sensing, attitude calculation and detonation determination functions into a single electronic detonator, the detonator can autonomously constrain the direction of the detonation jet without relying on external mechanical attitude adjustment or gyroscope, fundamentally solving the core technical contradiction that existing perforation directional control must rely on the attitude adjustment of the entire gun body. 2. By using gravity vectors to calculate the high side direction of the wellbore and using tool face angle matching as a precondition for detonation, the detonation behavior is upgraded from "time-triggered" to a composite logic of "attitude-triggered combined with time constraints", thereby improving the determinism and consistency of perforation azimuth control. 3. By writing the target tool face angle, detonation delay and selected firing address into the internal storage unit of the detonator, each detonator has independent orientation parameters and independent detonation logic, realizing the engineering feasibility of multi-directional differentiated perforation within the same well section from the perspective of system structure. 4. Through the collaborative design of the drive module and the power supply protection module, a multi-level protection mechanism for overcurrent, surge and electrostatic discharge is built before the energy storage capacitor pulse is released to the transducer bridge wire, so that the detonation energy release process is executed under controlled conditions with high reliability, reducing the risk of accidental detonation; 5. By detecting the micro-current status of the transducer bridge wire and uploading the detection results in real time, the integrity of the detonation circuit can be monitored online by the ground system, thereby transforming the traditional "invisible" downhole detonation state into a diagnosable and predictable controlled state. 6. By cascading multiple electronic detonators in a bus-based manner and configuring target tool face angles for different detonators by the ground system, multiple detonation points within the same perforating gun can be sequentially and directionally executed in different orientations, thereby improving the controllability of crack spatial distribution at the operational level. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the electronic detonator of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a functional block diagram of the control module of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the orientation definition of this utility model when working underground (showing the relationship between the detonator axis, gravity direction, and detonation direction).

[0017] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. High-temperature resistant insulating base; 2. Selective generator connector; 3. Power supply ring; 4. Grounding ring; 5. Control module; 6. Basic detonator connector; 7. Transducer bridge wire. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 1-4 An embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning oil and gas well electronic detonator control module, comprising a high-temperature resistant insulating base 1, a selective detonator stage base 2, a power supply ring 3, a grounding ring 4, a control module 5, a basic detonator connector 6, and a transducer bridge wire 7. The high-temperature resistant insulating base 1 is a stepped cylindrical structure. The selective firing stage 2, power supply ring 3 and grounding ring 4 are respectively installed on the outer surfaces of different stepped cylinders of the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1. The control module 5 is a strip circuit board and is fixedly arranged on the axial rear side of the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1. The basic detonator connection seat 6 is located at the end of the control module 5 away from the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1. The transducer bridge wire 7 is installed at the basic detonator connection seat 6 and is electrically connected to the detonating charge. The control module 5 integrates a power management module, a communication module, a microcontroller U1, a programmable read-only memory, a location sensing module, a drive module, and a power protection module. It also includes an ignition module, which consists of a basic detonator connector 6 and a transducer bridge wire 7 electrically connected to it. The ignition module is used to ignite and detonate the explosive charge under the action of the pulse current output by the drive module through the power supply protection module.

[0020] The power input terminal of the power management module is electrically connected to the downhole power supply bus via the selector connector 2 and the power supply ring 3, respectively. The output terminal of the power management module provides regulated power to the communication module, the microcontroller U1 and the drive module. The communication module is connected to the ground control system via the selective firing stage 2. It is used to receive the target tool face angle parameters, selective firing address information and detonation control commands issued by the ground, and to upload the module status information to the ground control system. The microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the communication module, the programmable read-only memory, the orientation sensing module, and the drive module. It is used to read the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ stored in the programmable read-only memory, periodically collect the attitude data output by the orientation sensing module, and calculate the actual tool face angle ω_actual of the current detonation jet direction relative to the high side of the wellbore based on the attitude data. When it receives the detonation control command for this module from the communication module, it determines whether the condition |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ is met. When the condition is met and the power management module detects that the power supply is normal, it outputs a detonation control signal to the drive module.

[0021] The programmable read-only memory is used to retain parameters such as the unique identifier of the control module, target tool face angle ω_target, tolerance δ, and detonation delay written on the ground configuration when power is off. The orientation sensing module includes a multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and an accelerometer, which are used to measure the components of gravity acceleration in each axis of the control module 5's own coordinate system. The microcontroller U1 calculates the high side direction of the wellbore and obtains the actual tool face angle ω_actual based on the gravity vector information and the installation reference direction of the control module 5 in the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1. The input terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1 and the power management module, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the basic detonator connector 6 and the transducer bridge wire 7 via the power supply protection module. When the drive module receives the detonation control signal output by the microcontroller U1, it releases the electrical energy provided by the power management module to the transducer bridge wire 7 in the form of pulses to ignite the detonating charge. The power supply protection module is connected in series between the drive module and the basic detonator connector 6, and is electrically connected to the grounding ring 4. It is used to provide overcurrent protection, surge suppression and electrostatic discharge protection for the drive current, so as to ensure that the transducer bridge wire 7 is not accidentally triggered in non-permitted detonation state.

[0022] The high-temperature resistant insulating base 1 is integrally molded from high-strength high-temperature resistant engineering plastic. The front end face of the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1 is provided with a disc positioning surface that cooperates with the perforator housing. A positioning groove is formed on the outer circumference of the side near the selective firing stage base 2, which corresponds to the reference line of the working surface of the control module 5. The positioning groove corresponds to the 0° high side angle reference line on the working surface of the control module 5, thereby establishing a fixed correspondence between the gravity high side direction and the tool surface angle calculation reference of the control module 5. The selective generator base 2, power supply ring 3 and grounding ring 4 are all made of alloy metal, and their outer surfaces are treated with gold plating to reduce contact resistance and prevent oxidation and corrosion in the downhole environment. The selective launcher jack 2 is located at the center of the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1 and is used to connect with the signal conductor of the next-level perforation tool or downhole cable. The power supply ring 3 and the grounding ring 4 are respectively set on different stepped surfaces on the outer circumference of the high-temperature resistant insulating base 1 and are electrically connected to the communication module, power management module and grounding network on the control module 5 through internal wires or solder pads.

[0023] The multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and accelerometer in the orientation sensing module are in static or quasi-static measurement mode when working, relying only on gravity vectors to calculate attitude, without using magnetic field or gyroscope signals. In each sampling period, the microcontroller U1 obtains the projection direction of the wellbore high side direction in the coordinate system of the control module 5 based on the three-axis gravity components output by the orientation sensing module, through vector normalization and coordinate transformation. Combined with the geometric orientation of the detonation jet channel fixed on the control module 5, it calculates the actual tool face angle ω_actual, thereby realizing a unified angle definition of the detonation jet orientation under different well inclination angles and well trajectory conditions. In addition to storing the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ, the programmable read-only memory also stores the detonation sequence number and preset delay time. When the communication module receives the configuration command from the ground control system, it writes the corresponding target tool face angle, delay parameters and selected firing address into the programmable read-only memory and sends back the writing result. When the microcontroller U1 executes the detonation logic, it compares and times the received detonation control command according to the stored detonation sequence number and delay parameters. Only when the selected firing address matches and the delay time is completed will it enter the tool face angle determination process of |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ.

[0024] The communication module is adapted to the bus-type communication method used in oil and gas well perforation operations. The communication module modulates and demodulates the bus signal, identifies the address, and parses the data. It can filter the broadcast detonation command from the ground control system by addressing the module itself, and feed back the power supply status, azimuth calculation status, self-test results, and detonation execution results uploaded by the microcontroller U1 to the ground control system through the selective firing stage seat 2, so as to realize the selective firing control and status monitoring of multi-stage electronic detonators.

[0025] The drive module includes an energy storage capacitor and a switching device. The charging terminal of the energy storage capacitor is provided with a regulated power supply by the power management module. The control terminal of the switching device is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1. When the microcontroller U1 outputs a detonation control signal, the switching device is turned on, causing the energy storage capacitor to release a high-amplitude pulse current to the transducer bridge wire 7 within the target time. In the non-detonation state, the microcontroller U1 periodically performs micro-current detection on the transducer bridge wire 7 through the drive module to measure the resistance value of the transducer bridge wire 7 and determine whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault. The detection results are uploaded to the ground control system through the communication module.

[0026] The power supply protection module includes an overcurrent protection circuit and a surge suppression circuit. The overcurrent protection circuit is connected in series with the output of the drive module and is used to automatically limit or cut off the power supply to the basic detonator connector 6 and the transducer bridge wire 7 when a continuous abnormal high current is detected. One end of the surge suppression circuit is connected to the output of the drive module, and the other end is grounded through the grounding ring 4. It is used to discharge the static charge and transient surge introduced by the long-distance cable in the well, thereby avoiding accidental detonation caused by static electricity or surge when the detonation control signal of the microcontroller U1 is not received. Furthermore, multiple electronic detonator control modules are arranged axially along the perforation gun housing. Each electronic detonator control module adopts the structure described in the aforementioned embodiment. The multiple electronic detonator control modules are electrically connected to the same downhole bus through their respective firing stage seats 2. The surface control system sends the corresponding target tool face angle ω_target and firing address information to each electronic detonator control module according to the requirements of different layers and different perforation azimuths. This enables the hierarchical configuration and detonation control of multiple electronic detonator control modules, allowing multiple detonation jet arrangements with different azimuths to be formed within the same well section to meet the needs of fixed-azimuth perforation operations.

[0027] Working principle: 1. Parameter configuration and orientation target setting process before going downhole: Before running electronic detonators downhole, the directional detonation parameters of each electronic detonator are configured independently through the communication link between the ground control system and the electronic detonator control module. Specifically, the ground system writes the expected target tool face angle into the programmable read-only memory inside the control module through the communication interface between the detonator launcher and the communication module. This target tool face angle is denoted as ω_target. For example, when the ω_target of a certain detonator is set to 90°, it means that when the detonator is detonated downhole, its detonation jet direction is expected to be located at a position 90° clockwise from the high side of the wellbore. In this way, detonators of different layers and different perforation positions can be set with different directional detonation directions in the same downhole operation, laying the foundation for subsequent multi-directional differentiated perforation or directional fracturing. 2. Attitude sensing and gravity information acquisition process after the detonator is lowered into the well: After the ground parameters are configured, the electronic detonator control module is lowered into the well along with the perforating gun or fracturing tool string and sent to the predetermined working depth at the bottom of the well. When the electronic detonator reaches the target well section, the orientation sensing module inside the control module starts to work continuously. The multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and accelerometer in the module collect multiple axial components of gravity acceleration in the control module's own coordinate system in real time. Since detonators are usually stationary or quasi-stationary in the downhole working environment, the signals collected by the accelerometer mainly come from the gravity vector itself. By decomposing the gravity vector in different axes, the spatial state information of the current detonator attitude relative to the geocentric direction can be obtained. The entire sensing process does not rely on any geomagnetic or gyroscope signals, so it is not affected by downhole magnetic interference and the sensing method is relatively stable. 3. Calculation process of wellbore height side direction and tool face angle based on gravity vector: According to the preset sampling period, the microcontroller U1 reads the three-axis gravity component data output by the orientation sensing module in real time, and performs normalization and coordinate transformation on the gravity vector based on the mature attitude calculation algorithm. Through this process, the microcontroller can first calculate the direction of gravity on the lower side of the well section, and then determine the direction of gravity on the upper side of the well section. Based on this, and combining the installation reference direction of the control module in the high-temperature resistant insulating base and the fixed geometric orientation of the detonation jet channel on the control module, the microcontroller further calculates the actual tool face angle of the current detonation jet direction relative to the high side direction of the wellbore. This actual tool face angle is denoted as ω_actual. The core of this calculation process is based solely on gravity vector information and does not involve any magnetic field parameters, thus ensuring the stability of the calculation and the reliability of the direction determination in complex downhole environments. 4. Target angle matching judgment and firing control logic execution process: During actual operation, the microcontroller U1 continuously compares the real-time calculated ω_actual with the pre-stored target tool face angle ω_target, and calculates the angle deviation between the two. When the deviation satisfies the judgment condition |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ, where δ is a preset tolerance angle (e.g., 5°), it indicates that the current detonation jet direction of the electronic detonator has entered the allowable target orientation error range. Only when multiple conditions such as "selection address matching", "detonation delay timer completed", "power supply status normal" and "tool face angle matching established" are met simultaneously will the microcontroller U1 output a control signal to the drive module to allow detonation, thus logically and completely avoiding the risk of accidental detonation when the orientation is not in place, the power supply is abnormal, or the selection conditions are not met. 5. Energy storage release and directional detonation execution process: When the microcontroller U1 outputs the detonation control signal, the switching device in the drive module is turned on at the target time point, so that the electrical energy pre-stored in the energy storage capacitor is output to the basic detonator connector and the transducer bridge wire in the form of a high-amplitude pulse current through the power supply protection module. Under the action of the pulsed current, the transducer bridge wire heats up instantly and ignites the detonating charge, thereby forming a high-energy jet that is ejected along the predetermined detonation jet channel direction, achieving a directional detonation effect consistent with the direction corresponding to ω_target; since a power supply protection module is also connected in series in the detonation circuit to provide real-time protection against overcurrent, surge and static electricity, it effectively prevents unexpected false detonation caused by downhole static electricity or cable surge while ensuring reliable detonation; 6. Overall operation mode of multi-stage electronic detonators working in coordination: In actual perforation operations, multiple electronic detonator control modules are usually arranged along the axial direction of the perforation gun housing. Each electronic detonator control module is electrically connected to the same downhole bus through its own selective firing stage seat, and the surface control system sends different target tool face angle parameters and selective firing address information in sequence. Through this control method of "step-by-step configuration, step-by-step judgment, and step-by-step detonation", each electronic detonator can complete directional detonation in sequence according to different target directions within the same well section, thereby forming multiple reasonably distributed and directionally controllable perforation channels or fracturing initiation points around the well wall, realizing directional transformation of oil and gas reservoirs and efficient production enhancement.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A positioning oil and gas well electronic detonator control module, comprising a high-temperature resistant insulating base (1), a selective detonator connector (2), a power supply ring (3), a grounding ring (4), a control module (5), a basic detonator connector (6), and a transducer bridge wire (7), characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant insulating base (1) is a stepped cylindrical structure. The selective firing stage base (2), power supply ring (3) and grounding ring (4) are respectively installed on the outer surfaces of different stepped cylinders of the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1). The control module (5) is a strip circuit board and is fixedly arranged on the axial rear side of the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1). The basic detonator connection seat (6) is located at the end of the control module (5) away from the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1). The transducer bridge wire (7) is installed at the basic detonator connection seat (6) and electrically connected to the detonating charge. The control module (5) integrates a power management module, a communication module, a microcontroller U1, a programmable read-only memory, a location sensing module, a drive module, and a power protection module. It also includes an ignition module, which is composed of a basic detonator connector (6) and a transducer bridge wire (7) electrically connected to it, and is used to ignite and detonate the detonating charge under the action of the pulse current output by the drive module through the power supply protection module.

2. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power input terminal of the power management module is electrically connected to the downhole power supply bus via the selector connector (2) and the power supply ring (3), respectively. The output terminal of the power management module provides regulated power to the communication module, the microcontroller U1 and the drive module. The communication module is connected to the ground control system via the selective firing stage (2) and is used to receive the target tool face angle parameters, selective firing address information and detonation control commands issued by the ground, and to upload the module status information to the ground control system. The microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the communication module, the programmable read-only memory, the orientation sensing module, and the drive module. It is used to read the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ stored in the programmable read-only memory, periodically collect the attitude data output by the orientation sensing module, and calculate the actual tool face angle ω_actual of the current detonation jet direction relative to the high side of the wellbore based on the attitude data. When it receives the detonation control command for this module from the communication module, it determines whether the condition |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ is met. When the condition is met and the power management module detects that the power supply is normal, it outputs a detonation control signal to the drive module.

3. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The programmable read-only memory is used to retain, even when power is off, the unique identifier of the control module, the target tool face angle ω_target, the tolerance δ, and the detonation delay parameters written on the ground configuration for the control module; The orientation sensing module includes a multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and an accelerometer, which are used to measure the components of gravity acceleration in each axis of the control module (5) in its own coordinate system. The microcontroller U1 calculates the high side direction of the well shaft and obtains the actual tool face angle ω_actual based on the gravity vector information and the installation reference direction of the control module (5) in the high temperature resistant insulating base (1). The input end of the drive module is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1 and the power management module, and the output end is electrically connected to the basic detonator connector (6) and the transducer bridge wire (7) via the power supply protection module. When the drive module receives the detonation control signal output by the microcontroller U1, it releases the electrical energy provided by the power management module to the transducer bridge wire (7) in the form of pulses to ignite the detonating charge. The power supply protection module is connected in series between the drive module and the base detonator connector (6) and electrically connected to the grounding ring (4) to provide overcurrent protection, surge suppression and electrostatic discharge protection for the drive current, so as to ensure that the transducer bridge wire (7) is not accidentally triggered in the non-permitted detonation state.

4. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant insulating base (1) is integrally molded from engineering plastic. The front end face of the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1) is provided with a disc positioning surface that cooperates with the perforator housing. A positioning groove is formed on the outer circumference of the side near the firing stage base (2) to correspond to the reference line of the working surface of the control module (5). The positioning groove corresponds to the 0° high side angle reference line on the working surface of the control module (5), thereby establishing a fixed correspondence between the gravity high side direction and the tool surface angle calculation reference of the control module (5). The selective generator connector (2), power supply ring (3) and grounding ring (4) are all made of alloy metal; The selective launcher (2) is located at the center of the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1) and is used to connect with the signal conductor of the next-level perforation tool or downhole cable. The power supply ring (3) and the grounding ring (4) are respectively set on different stepped surfaces on the outer circumference of the high-temperature resistant insulating base (1) and are electrically connected to the communication module, power management module and grounding network on the control module (5) through internal wires or solder pads.

5. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-axis gravity tilt sensor and accelerometer in the orientation sensing module are in static or quasi-static measurement mode when working, relying only on gravity vectors to calculate attitude, without using magnetic field or gyroscope signals. In each sampling period, the microcontroller U1 obtains the projection direction of the wellbore high side direction in the coordinate system of the control module (5) based on the three-axis gravity components output by the orientation sensing module through vector normalization and coordinate transformation. Combined with the geometric orientation of the detonation jet channel fixed on the control module (5), the actual tool face angle ω_actual is calculated, thereby realizing a unified angle definition of the detonation jet orientation under different well inclination angles and well trajectory conditions. In addition to storing the target tool face angle ω_target and tolerance δ, the programmable read-only memory also stores the detonation sequence number and preset delay time. When the communication module receives the configuration command from the ground control system, it writes the corresponding target tool face angle, delay parameters and selected firing address into the programmable read-only memory and sends back the writing result. When the microcontroller U1 executes the detonation logic, it compares and times the received detonation control command according to the stored detonation sequence number and delay parameters. Only when the selected firing address matches and the delay time is completed will it enter the tool face angle determination process of |ω_actual−ω_target|≤δ.

6. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication module is adapted to the bus-type communication method used in oil and gas well perforation operations. The communication module modulates and demodulates the bus signal, identifies the address and parses the data. It can filter the broadcast detonation command from the ground control system and feed back the power supply status, azimuth calculation status, self-test results and detonation execution results uploaded by the microcontroller U1 to the ground control system through the selective firing jack (2).

7. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drive module includes an energy storage capacitor and a switching device. The charging terminal of the energy storage capacitor is provided with a regulated power supply by the power management module. The control terminal of the switching device is electrically connected to the microcontroller U1. When the microcontroller U1 outputs a detonation control signal, the switching device is turned on, so that the energy storage capacitor releases a pulse current to the transducer bridge wire (7) within the target time. In the non-detonation state, the microcontroller U1 periodically detects the current of the transducer bridge wire (7) through the drive module to measure the resistance value of the transducer bridge wire (7) and determine whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault. The detection results are uploaded to the ground control system through the communication module.

8. The azimuth-guided electronic detonator control module for oil and gas wells according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power supply protection module includes an overcurrent protection circuit and a surge suppression circuit. The overcurrent protection circuit is connected in series with the output terminal of the drive module and is used to automatically limit or cut off the power supply to the basic detonator connector (6) and the transducer bridge wire (7) when a continuous abnormal large current is detected. One end of the surge suppression circuit is connected to the output of the drive module, and the other end is grounded through the grounding ring (4). It is used to discharge the static charge and transient surge introduced by the long-distance cable in the well, so as to avoid accidental detonation caused by static electricity or surge when the detonation control signal of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is not received.

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