A vertical deep hole stage open stope mining downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vertical deep hole stage open stope mining downward fan -shaped through -hole charge structure, including downward fan -shaped hole, be equipped with cement ball, gravel layer, emulsion cartridge, porous granular ammonium oil explosive and sand layer in the downward fan -shaped hole, the cement ball is suspended to the bottom of downward fan -shaped hole through the iron wire, the gravel layer is filled in the gap between cement ball and the bottom of downward fan -shaped hole, the emulsion cartridge is filled with digital electronic detonator, and the detonator foot line is connected on the digital electronic detonator, and the detonator foot line is drawn to the hole outside along the inner wall of downward fan -shaped hole, and the sand layer is laid and filled into the downward fan -shaped hole orifice, the porous granular ammonium oil explosive is filled between gravel layer and sand layer in the downward fan -shaped hole inside. The utility model discloses a cement ball, gravel layer, emulsion cartridge, porous granular ammonium oil explosive and sand layer that are arranged in the downward fan -shaped hole, improve the vertical deep hole stage open stope mining downward fan -shaped through -hole charge speed, reduce the stope blasting boulder rate, and it is convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of underground large-scale mine blasting operation technology, specifically a downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main mining methods for large underground mines include vertical deep-hole stage open-hole subsequent filling mining (ore body thickness exceeds 30m), medium-deep-hole segmented open-hole subsequent filling mining (ore body thickness 15~30m), and upward layered filling mining (ore body thickness less than 15m).

[0003] The vertical deep-hole stage followed by backfilling mining involves constructing downward vertical deep holes in the drilling chamber, using continuous manual charging, and employing differential blasting between holes and rows to induce lateral caving. Upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes are constructed in the trench bottom roadway, with lateral caving occurring row by row. If the lower ore body is not blasted in advance, water may accumulate in the downward vertical deep holes in the upper area, hindering the charging of blast holes. During construction, the lower ore body is often blasted before the upper ore body, but this can cause collapses and through-holes in the downward vertical deep holes constructed in the upper ore body, affecting subsequent charging of the downward vertical deep holes in the upper ore body.

[0004] Therefore, in large-scale underground mining blasting projects, the structure needs to be optimized to achieve rapid charging and reduce the rate of large blocks in the blasting of the mining area. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-pit mining, which can be used in large-scale underground mining blasting projects to improve the construction speed of tunneling and blasting operations, reduce the rate of large blocks in the blasting of the mining area, and is more convenient to use, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-pit mining, comprising a downward fan-shaped hole, wherein a cement ball, a gravel layer, an emulsion explosive cartridge, porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive, and a sand layer are disposed within the downward fan-shaped hole; an iron wire is fixedly connected to the cement ball, the other end of which is tied to a bamboo pole, the bamboo pole is attached to the outside of the downward fan-shaped hole, and the cement ball is suspended to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole by the iron wire; the gravel layer fills the gap between the cement ball and the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole; the emulsion explosive cartridge is placed above the gravel layer, and a digital electronic detonator is filled inside the emulsion explosive cartridge, with a detonator lead wire connected to the digital electronic detonator, the detonator lead wire being pulled along the inner wall of the downward fan-shaped hole to the outside of the hole, and a sand layer is laid and filled into the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole; the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive is filled between the gravel layer and the sand layer inside the downward fan-shaped hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the downward fan-shaped holes are constructed in the upper ore body drilling chamber, with a hole bottom distance of 2.5m~3.0m and a hole diameter of 90mm. Micro-differential blasting is used between the holes and rows to achieve lateral ore collapse.

[0008] Furthermore, an upward fan-shaped hole is provided below the downward fan-shaped hole. The downward fan-shaped hole is 0.5 to 1.0 m deeper than the upward fan-shaped hole. The upward fan-shaped hole is constructed in the bottom tunnel of the lower ore body trench, with a hole diameter of 90 mm, and the ore is collapsed laterally row by row.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper ore body drilling chamber and the lower ore body trench bottom roadway are flanked by backfilling bodies and safety pillars.

[0010] Furthermore, the cement ball has a diameter of 80mm, is made by filling a hollow transparent plastic sphere with cement mortar, and has an embedded wire hook, and has a compressive strength of 8MPa.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0012] This invention improves the charging speed of the downward fan-shaped through-hole in open-cut mining during vertical deep-hole stages by setting cement balls, crushed stone layers, emulsified explosive cartridges, porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives, and sand layers inside the downward fan-shaped hole, thereby reducing the rate of large blocks in the stope blasting and making it more convenient to use. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blast holes in open-field mining during the vertical deep-hole stage of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram showing the interlacing of the downward and upward fan-shaped holes of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the downward fan-shaped hole cement ball suspension arrangement of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the downward fan-shaped hole detonation charge arrangement of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the downward fan-shaped hole loading structure of this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Upper ore body drilling chamber; 2. Lower ore body trench and bottom tunnel; 3. Filling body; 4. Safety pillar; 5. Downward fan-shaped hole; 6. Upward fan-shaped hole; 7. Cement ball; 8. Iron wire; 9. Bamboo pole; 10. Crushed stone layer; 11. Emulsion explosive cartridge; 12. Digital electronic detonator; 13. Porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive; 14. Sand layer; 15. Detonator lead wire. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-5 This embodiment provides a downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining, including a downward fan-shaped hole 5. The downward fan-shaped hole 5 contains a cement ball 7, a gravel layer 10, an emulsion explosive roll 11, porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13, and a sand layer 14. An iron wire 8 is fixedly connected to the cement ball 7, with the other end of the wire 8 tied to a bamboo pole 9. The bamboo pole 9 overlaps the outside of the downward fan-shaped hole 5, suspending the cement ball 7 to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 via the iron wire 8. The gravel layer 10 fills the gap between the cement ball 7 and the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The emulsion explosive roll 11 is positioned above the gravel layer 10, and the emulsion explosive roll 11 has a diameter of 70 mm. The detonation velocity is 4700-5000 m / s, and the briss is 17-20 mm. A digital electronic detonator 12 is filled in the emulsion cartridge 11. The digital electronic detonator 12 is a dual-capacitor anti-vibration digital electronic detonator, which can realize micro-delay initiation of each hole in the downward fan-shaped borehole and reduce blasting vibration. The digital electronic detonator 12 is connected to the detonator lead wire 15. The detonator lead wire 15 is pulled out of the hole along the inner wall of the downward fan-shaped hole 5, and a sand layer 14 is laid and filled into the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 is filled between the gravel layer 10 and the sand layer 14 inside the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The detonation velocity of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 is 2900-3000 m / s.

[0021] The cement ball 7 has a diameter of 80mm. It is made of transparent plastic spheres filled with cement mortar and embedded with iron wire hooks. The cement ball 7 has a compressive strength of 8MPa. When in use, the cement ball 7 is suspended to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 using a No. 16 iron wire 8. The blasting personnel judge whether the cement ball 7 has been lowered to the appropriate position by the sound of the cement ball 7 hitting the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The other end of the No. 16 iron wire 8 is wrapped around a bamboo pole 9 (suspended at the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole 5). Blasting personnel insert a digital electronic detonator 12 into a φ70mm emulsion charge 11 and lower the detonating charge to the bottom of the hole via the detonator lead wire 15. They then pour porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 into the downward-facing fan-shaped hole 5. The downward-facing fan-shaped hole 5 is filled with porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 as designed, ensuring the opening is properly sealed with a filling length of at least 1.5m. A layer of crushed stone 10 is placed at the bottom of the downward-facing fan-shaped hole 5 to block the gap between the cement ball 7 and the hole, preventing subsequent porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 from falling from the bottom. The detonator lead wire 15 is pulled out of the hole, and a layer of sand 14 is used to fill the opening of the downward-facing fan-shaped hole 5, improving the quality of the downward-facing fan-shaped hole blasting and reducing the rate of large blasted blocks in the mining area.

[0022] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in this embodiment, downward fan-shaped holes 5 (hole diameter 90mm) are constructed in the upper ore body drilling chamber 1, with micro-differential blasting between holes and rows for lateral caving; upward fan-shaped holes 6 (hole diameter 90mm) are constructed in the lower ore body trench bottom roadway 2, with lateral caving row by row; the areas to be mined are flanked by backfill bodies 3 and safety pillars 4. During construction, the bottom distance of the downward fan-shaped holes 5 is 2.5m~3.0m, and the downward fan-shaped holes 5 are 0.5~1.0m deeper than the upward fan-shaped holes 6.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the diameter of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 is 90mm, and the hole depth is adjusted according to the distribution of the ore body, usually designed to be 15m~28m. Blasting personnel use a No. 16 iron wire 8 to suspend a cement ball 7 to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The blasting personnel judge whether the cement ball 7 has reached the appropriate position in the downward fan-shaped hole 5 by the sound of the cement ball 7 colliding with the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5. The No. 16 iron wire 8 is wrapped around a bamboo pole 9 (suspended at the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole 5). The blasting personnel lower gravel into the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 to block the gap between the cement ball 7 and the downward fan-shaped hole 5, preventing the subsequent porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 from falling from the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5.

[0024] like Figures 4-5As shown, in this embodiment, the blasting operator inserts the digital electronic detonator 12 into the φ70mm emulsion charge 11, and lowers the detonating charge to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 through the detonator lead wire 15; the blasting operator pours the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 into the downward fan-shaped hole 5, and ensures that the amount of explosive in the blast hole meets the design amount; the detonator lead wire 15 is pulled to the outside of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 and fixed, and sand is filled into the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole 5 to ensure that it is properly blocked.

[0025] It should be noted that when using this utility model, it is essential to ensure that the cement ball 7 is placed to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole 5, the detonating charge is placed inside the downward fan-shaped hole 5, and the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive 13 is loaded according to the blasting design requirements, so as to improve the blasting construction quality of the downward fan-shaped hole and reduce the rate of large pieces in the blasting of the mining area.

[0026] Furthermore, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0027] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining, comprising a downward fan-shaped hole (5), characterized in that: The downward fan-shaped hole (5) contains a cement ball (7), a gravel layer (10), an emulsified explosive roll (11), porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (13), and a sand layer (14); an iron wire (8) is fixedly connected to the cement ball (7), and the other end of the iron wire (8) is tied to a bamboo pole (9). The bamboo pole (9) overlaps the outside of the downward fan-shaped hole (5) and suspends the cement ball (7) to the bottom of the downward fan-shaped hole (5) through the iron wire (8); the gravel layer (10) fills the space between the cement ball (7) and the downward fan-shaped hole. (5) In the gap at the bottom; the emulsion cartridge (11) is placed above the gravel layer (10), and a digital electronic detonator (12) is filled in the emulsion cartridge (11). The digital electronic detonator (12) is connected to the detonator lead wire (15). The detonator lead wire (15) is pulled out of the hole along the inner wall of the downward fan-shaped hole (5), and a sand layer (14) is laid and filled into the opening of the downward fan-shaped hole (5). The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (13) is filled between the gravel layer (10) and the sand layer (14) inside the downward fan-shaped hole (5).

2. The downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downward fan-shaped hole (5) is constructed in the upper ore body drilling chamber (1), with a hole bottom distance of 2.5m~3.0m and a hole diameter of 90mm. The hole and row are blasted with slight differential blasting, and the ore collapse is lateral.

3. The downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: Below the downward fan-shaped hole (5) is an upward fan-shaped hole (6). The downward fan-shaped hole (5) is 0.5~1.0m deeper than the upward fan-shaped hole (6). The upward fan-shaped hole (6) is constructed in the lower ore body trench bottom roadway (2). The hole diameter is 90mm, and the ore is collapsed laterally row by row.

4. The downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper ore body drilling chamber (1) and the lower ore body trench bottom roadway (2) are flanked by filling bodies (3) and safety pillars (4).

5. The downward fan-shaped through-hole charging structure for vertical deep-hole stage open-field mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement ball (7) has a diameter of 80 mm. It is made by filling a hollow transparent plastic sphere with cement mortar and embedding iron wire hooks inside. The compressive strength of the cement ball (7) is 8 MPa.

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