A device for anchoring and testing the anti-seismic performance of cultural relics in paraffin

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of cultural relics paraffin anchoring anti-seismic testing devices, the device includes supporting mechanism, fixed mechanism, connecting mechanism and loading mechanism, the supporting mechanism includes first supporting platform and second supporting platform, the fixed mechanism includes vertical fixed support, horizontal fixed edge pipe and fixed plate, the connecting mechanism includes fixed pulley and rope, the second supporting platform is placed with cultural relics, cultural relics are anchored on the second supporting platform by paraffin, the second supporting platform is enclosed and fixed by horizontal fixed edge pipe and fixed plate, the horizontal fixed edge pipe and fixed plate are fixed on the first supporting platform by vertical fixed support, the first supporting platform is provided with loading mechanism, the loading end of the loading mechanism is connected with cultural relics by rope, and the loading direction is changed to the horizontal direction connected with cultural relics by rope around fixed pulley.Compared with prior art, the utility model verifies the anti-seismic performance of paraffin anchoring cultural relics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of improving the seismic performance of museum collections, and relates to a seismic testing device for paraffin anchoring of cultural relics. Background Technology

[0002] Museum collections are invaluable cultural heritage, made from diverse materials such as ceramics, bronze, jade, bone, horn, and delicate textiles. Their complex structures and frequent erosion over time significantly reduce their physical strength, making them extremely fragile. Effectively protecting these irreplaceable and precious artifacts from sudden external forces such as earthquakes, and preventing damage from overturning, sliding, breaking, or colliding, presents a major technical challenge in the preservation of artifacts in museum storage and exhibition halls.

[0003] Ceramic artifacts, as an important component of cultural heritage, possess extremely high historical, artistic, and scientific value. However, due to their high brittleness and low tensile strength, ceramic artifacts are easily damaged by external forces such as vibration and impact during transportation, exhibition, or storage. Especially in earthquake-prone areas or in situations involving frequent relocation, earthquake-resistant protection of ceramic artifacts has become a significant challenge in the field of cultural relic preservation.

[0004] Traditional methods of securing cultural relics mainly include:

[0005] 1. Elastic padding method: This method uses flexible materials such as foam and sponge to wrap cultural relics and reduce damage by buffering vibration energy. However, these materials are prone to aging after long-term use and have limited absorption effect on high-frequency vibrations.

[0006] 2. Mechanical fixing method: Using metal brackets to support or ropes to bind cultural relics can provide stability, but may cause wear on the surface of the cultural relics or structural cracking due to local stress concentration.

[0007] 3. Adhesive reinforcement method: This method uses adhesives such as epoxy resin to fix cultural relics. However, it has the problem of chemical residues that are difficult to remove, which does not meet the principle of reversibility in cultural relic protection.

[0008] Patent CN103810385A discloses a method for protecting the safety and stability of movable museum artifacts under earthquake conditions. The method involves conducting material property tests on replicas of the artifacts in a laboratory to obtain the material's tensile and compressive ultimate stress, shear ultimate stress, dynamic elastic modulus, and dynamic shear modulus. After taking a stress reduction factor K, the tensile and compressive ultimate dynamic stresses and shear ultimate dynamic stresses of the replicas are multiplied by K to obtain the allowable dynamic stress of the artifact. The allowable acceleration is calculated based on d'Alembert's principle. The stability of the museum artifacts is classified into three stability levels according to their allowable acceleration, coefficient of friction, and aspect ratio (i.e., allowable vibration index). Finally, the design and layout of the exhibition stand and the placement of the artifacts are based on the classification results. However, the motion mode analysis in this patent has the following significant shortcomings: 1. The motion mode classification is too simplistic, failing to consider mixed modes. It only divides the motion modes of cultural relics under earthquakes into three discrete states: relatively static, sliding, and swaying. However, in actual earthquakes, cultural relics may simultaneously experience mixed modes of sliding and swaying. This mixed mode is ignored, causing the motion analysis model to fail to fully reflect the true dynamic behavior of cultural relics, thus underestimating earthquake risks or misjudging the safety status of cultural relics; 2. The motion mode judgment formula is too simple. The third stability level only considers vertical allowable acceleration and gravitational acceleration, without considering the influence of friction coefficient and aspect ratio, which may lead to the risk of misjudging the motion state of cultural relics; 3. There is a lack of specific testing equipment to verify the motion model. It focuses on theoretical classification and exhibition setup, without providing specific experimental equipment or methods to verify the effectiveness of the motion mode analysis formula. In particular, it lacks seismic performance testing of cultural relic anchoring measures, making the theoretical model lack experimental support and practical application value. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome at least one of the defects of the existing technology and provide a test device for the seismic resistance of cultural relics anchored with paraffin wax. This utility model verifies the seismic resistance performance of cultural relics anchored with paraffin wax.

[0010] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0011] One of the technical solutions of this utility model is to provide a test device for the seismic resistance of cultural relics by paraffin anchoring. The device includes a support mechanism, a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism and a loading mechanism. The support mechanism supports the loading mechanism, the fixing mechanism and the cultural relics. The fixing mechanism fixes the support mechanism and the connecting mechanism. The connecting mechanism connects the loading mechanism and the cultural relics. The various components of the fixing mechanism are connected to each other, as well as the support structure and the fixing mechanism. The loading mechanism applies force and displacement to the cultural relics.

[0012] The supporting mechanism includes a first supporting platform and a second supporting platform. The fixing mechanism includes a vertical fixing support, a horizontal fixing tube, and a fixing plate. The connecting mechanism includes a fixed pulley and a rope. The cultural relic is placed on the second supporting platform and is anchored to the second supporting platform with paraffin wax. The second supporting platform is surrounded and fixed by the horizontal fixing tube and the fixing plate. The horizontal fixing tube and the fixing plate are fixed to the first supporting platform by the vertical fixing support. A loading mechanism is provided on the first supporting platform. The loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the cultural relic by a rope, and the loading direction is changed to the horizontal direction connected to the cultural relic by the rope passing around the fixed pulley.

[0013] Paraffin wax, as a low-melting-point, chemically inert, and reversible material, has been used in the preservation of cultural relics, such as filling cracks or sealing surfaces. However, current technology has not fully utilized paraffin wax to improve the seismic resistance of ceramic artifacts, and further innovation is needed.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixing plates are paired up on the left and right sides of the second support platform, and the horizontal fixing side tubes are paired up and down and front and back to clamp the second support platform and the fixing plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical fixed support includes a top plate, a vertical support column, and a bottom plate, with the top plate disposed at the top of the vertical support column and the bottom plate disposed at the bottom of the vertical support column;

[0016] The connecting mechanism also includes a first bolt. Through holes are respectively opened on the bottom plate and the crossbeam of the first support platform. The vertical fixed support is fixed to the first support platform by passing the first bolt through the through holes on the bottom plate and the crossbeam.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism also includes a second bolt. Through holes are respectively opened at both ends of the horizontal fixed side tube, both ends of the fixed plate, and the top plate. The horizontal fixed side tube and the fixed plate are connected and fixed to the vertical fixed support by passing the second bolt through the through holes in the horizontal fixed side tube, the fixed plate, and the top plate.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, to accommodate cultural relics of different sizes, the size of the second support platform can be adjusted, multiple through holes are provided on the crossbeam of the first support platform, the distance between the vertical fixed supports can be adjusted accordingly, and the size of the horizontal fixed square tube and the fixed plate can be adjusted.

[0019] Furthermore, the rope is fixed at the center of gravity of the artifact, so that the applied force acts on the center of gravity of the artifact.

[0020] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism also includes a lifting eye screw, the loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the screw end of the lifting eye screw, one end of the rope is tied to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw, and the other end passes around the fixed pulley, forming a loop on the cultural relic to pull the cultural relic, return to the fixed pulley and be tied back to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, a force sensor is installed at the connection between the horizontal section of the rope and the cultural relic. The force sensor can directly measure the bearing capacity of the cultural relic when it is pulled laterally.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the length and material of the rope can be replaced to accommodate cultural relics of different sizes and materials.

[0023] Furthermore, the fixing mechanism also includes a pulley seat, and the fixed pulley is fixed to a fixing plate on one side via the pulley seat.

[0024] Furthermore, the pulley seat is L-shaped, and the L-shaped pulley seat includes an upper support plate and a lower support base. The connecting mechanism also includes a third bolt. The support base and the fixed plate on one side are respectively provided with through holes. The pulley seat is fixed to the fixed plate by passing the third bolt through the through holes on the support base and the fixed plate.

[0025] Furthermore, the support plate has a slotted hole, and the shaft of the fixed pulley is fixed in the slotted hole of the support plate. Accordingly, the fixed height of the fixed pulley can be adjusted to a suitable height so that the connection direction between the rope and the cultural relic remains horizontal.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution, the fixing plate has multiple through holes, which can be used to fix fixed pulleys of different sizes.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, the shaft of the fixed pulley is a rod with a thread at one end. The pulley is sleeved on the rod through a bearing. The threaded part of the rod is inserted into the slotted hole of the support plate and clamped and fixed at a certain height in the slotted hole by nuts at the front and rear.

[0028] Furthermore, the loading mechanism includes an actuator. A crossbeam and a horizontal frame are respectively provided on the vertical frame of the first support platform. An actuator is provided on the crossbeam above the horizontal frame. The actuator can move horizontally along the crossbeam to adapt to the installation position of other mechanisms.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution, the actuator housing is provided with a sliding block, which slides on the slide rail of the crossbeam and can be fixed by bolts after sliding to the desired position.

[0030] One of the technical solutions of this utility model is to provide a method for testing the seismic resistance of cultural relics by paraffin anchoring. The method uses the aforementioned device to conduct seismic tests on cultural relics and includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Determining the center of gravity of cultural relics: The center of gravity of cultural relics is accurately determined through three-dimensional scanning, providing basic data for subsequent reinforcement.

[0032] S2. Motion pattern analysis: Analyze the motion characteristics of cultural relics under earthquakes through mechanical analysis;

[0033] S3. Paraffin mold making: Customize paraffin molds of different sizes and test the seismic performance of paraffin-anchored cultural relics of different specifications.

[0034] S4. Seismic performance assessment: The seismic resistance of the reinforced cultural relics is tested using equipment to verify the protection effect.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution, in step S1, 3D scanning technology is used to obtain detailed point cloud data of the artifact's surface. The artifact is then divided into rings of uniform height along the vertical direction, and the volume of a single ring within the artifact is determined using the following formula. V i = πc i [ g i 2 -( g i - d i ) 2 ], in V i Indicates the first of the cultural relics i The volume of the ring, g i Indicates the first of the cultural relics i The distance from the outer surface of each ring to the central axis. d i Indicates the first of the cultural relics i The thickness of the ring, c i Indicates the first of the cultural relics i The height of the ring The volume of the artifact is obtained by integration. V , V =Σ V i ; The sum of the products of the volumes of each ring and the corresponding height of its center of gravity, divided by the total volume of the entire artifact, gives the artifact's center of gravity. The height of the artifact's center of gravity can be determined using the following formula. h cg , h cg = V i (l i + c i / 2) / V , in l i Indicates the first of the cultural relics i The height of the lower surface of the ring; The method for determining the center of gravity of cultural relics is applicable to cultural relics with uniform material.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution, step S2 divides the motion modes of cultural relics under earthquakes into four types: relatively stationary, relatively slipping, swaying, and swaying accompanied by slipping. The artifact is analyzed by treating it as an equivalent planar rectangular rigid body, with the height of the rectangular rigid body defined as 2. h The bottom width is 2 b Aspect Ratio c = h / b The quality is m The gravity acting on W = mg The acceleration of the contact surface is ü g ( t The vertical force at the bottom is F y The horizontal force at the bottom is F x The distance from the normal reaction force at the bottom to the center point of the bottom is... x The static friction coefficient of the contact surface is m s The coefficient of kinetic friction of the contact surface is m k ,in m k < m s The horizontal component of the relative foundation displacement is x The vertical component of the relative foundation displacement is y The corner is i The counterclockwise direction is positive, and the moment of inertia is... I , The sign function at the point where the velocity is zero; When the artifact is relatively stationary, the equation of motion is: F x = mü g ( t ), F y - W =0, F x h +F y x =0, where the first two expressions are force balance equations, and the last expression is a moment balance equation; relative rest is valid when three conditions are met: the vertical force (normal reaction force) is greater than 0, the static friction force is not overcome, and the vertical force (normal reaction force) acts within the bottom range of the rectangular rigid body; when the acceleration of the contact surface of the artifact is small, the horizontal force does not overcome the maximum static friction force of the contact surface of the artifact, i.e., | F x |≤ m s | F y |, simplified, we get| ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s The second condition is satisfied, and the first condition is satisfied in the absence of vertical acceleration, when | x |≤ b , then | F x h |≤| F y b |, simplified, we get| ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c When the third condition is satisfied, the following formula can be obtained when the object is relatively stationary. | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s , | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c ; When a cultural relic is in a state of relative slippage, the second condition for relative stillness is not met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g > m s , then | ü g ( t)| max / g > m k This satisfies the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c ,but m k <1 / c At this point, the equation of motion is , F y - W =0, Simplifying, we get | x |= m k h As long as the first and third conditions for relative rest are met, the equations of motion are valid at the instant when the second condition for relative rest is not met. Finally, the following formula can be obtained for relative slip. | ü g ( t )| max / g > m k , m k <1 / c ; When the artifact is swaying, the second condition for relative stillness is met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s It does not satisfy the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c ,but m s >1 / c At this point, the equation of motion is , F y - W = mÿ , Starting from rest, we have , Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , , , The oscillation mechanism is effective when three conditions are met: angular acceleration greater than 0, vertical force (normal reaction force) greater than 0, and static friction not being overcome at the instant rotation begins. The second condition is automatically met when the first condition is met, and when the horizontal force fails to overcome the maximum static friction on the contact surface of the artifact, i.e., | F x |≤ m s | F y |, simplified, we get , When the third condition is met, the following formula can be obtained when the swinging motion is satisfied: | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c , ; When a cultural relic is swaying and sliding, the second condition for relative stillness is not met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g > m s , then | ü g ( t )| max / g > m k It does not satisfy the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c The third condition for swinging is not met, namely, , At this point, the equation of motion is: , F y - W = mÿ , Starting from rest, we have , Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , , For swaying to be accompanied by sliding, the first condition for swaying must be met first. When the first condition is met, the second condition is automatically met, only if... It is possible that this is true; substituting it in, we get... , when gm k -1 < 0 hours 4+ c 2 -3 gm k >1, if the first condition for swinging cannot be met, then only if gm k -1>0 and 4+ c 2 -3 c m k It may be true when >0, which simplifies to 1 / c < m k <(4+ c 2 ) / 3 c ,but m s >1 / c The relative acceleration at the contact corner point O of the rectangular rigid body Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , So when hour Automatic satisfaction, simplified to obtain, , Finally, the following formula can be obtained when oscillation is accompanied by slippage. m k >1 / c ; ; The above motion pattern analysis shows that the earthquake resistance of cultural relics is related to their height-to-width ratio and the coefficient of friction of the contact surface. First, the coefficient of friction of the contact surface of the cultural relic is calculated, and then the height of the center of gravity is obtained from step S1. h = h cg The aspect ratio can be obtained from the bottom dimensions obtained by 3D scanning. By substituting the aspect ratio and the friction coefficient of the contact surface into the analytical formula of motion characteristics, the motion mode of cultural relics under different seismic accelerations as peak contact surface accelerations can be predicted.

[0037] As a preferred technical solution, the coefficient of friction of the contact surface is measured by the slow-pull method test. The artifact is placed on the second support platform. Without paraffin anchoring, the actuator applies a small initial force to the artifact. The force increases slowly. When the artifact is pulled, the force increases to the maximum. At this time, the force divided by the weight of the artifact can be used to measure the static coefficient of friction of the contact surface. Then, after the artifact is pulled and moves at a constant speed, the force decreases slightly and remains stable. At this time, the force divided by the weight of the artifact can be used to measure the dynamic coefficient of friction of the contact surface.

[0038] As a preferred technical solution, the paraffin mold in step S3 includes a pair of identical flat plates. The pair of flat plates are assembled together to form an outer rectangular shape with a circular hollow center. The paraffin mold is used to make paraffin castings of different thicknesses and diameters. It has a simple shape and is easy to disassemble.

[0039] The specific methods for pouring and curing paraffin wax in step S3 are as follows:

[0040] When using it, place the paraffin mold on the second support platform, place the cultural relic in the center of the circular through hole in the middle of the paraffin mold, heat and melt the paraffin and pour it into the paraffin mold, let it solidify and then remove the paraffin mold to obtain solidified paraffin.

[0041] The heating temperature is 150~200 ℃, and the curing time is 3~7 h when placed at room temperature and relative humidity of 50~70%.

[0042] To test the anchoring ability of paraffin wax of different thicknesses and diameters, the thickness of the paraffin wax mold and the diameter of the central circular through hole can be changed to adjust the anchoring ability of the paraffin wax to the cultural relics. When the casting diameter of the paraffin wax is constant, the larger the casting thickness, the stronger the anchoring ability. When the casting thickness is constant, the larger the casting diameter, the stronger the anchoring ability.

[0043] When the pouring diameter is constant, the pouring thickness is changed, and when the pouring thickness is constant, the pouring diameter is changed. The influence of different specifications of paraffin wax on the anchoring capacity can be measured. In the final step S4, the actuator is activated, and the anchoring seismic bearing capacity of paraffin wax can be measured. The bearing capacity is divided by the mass of the cultural relic, and the seismic acceleration that paraffin wax anchoring can resist under uniaxial earthquake can be predicted.

[0044] As a preferred technical solution, the four corners of the paraffin wax mold in step S3 are provided with through holes. After the paraffin wax solidifies, it will also anchor the paraffin wax mold. Although a release agent can be used, the paraffin wax mold is sometimes still stuck quite firmly, and it is inconvenient to remove the paraffin wax mold directly. At this time, a screwdriver or other tools can be used to tilt and press against the through holes at the four corners of the paraffin wax mold, and then gently apply force to make the paraffin wax mold fall off.

[0045] As a preferred technical solution, seismic acceleration can be divided by gravitational acceleration, and expressed as a certain multiple of gravitational acceleration.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) This utility model provides a complete modular testing device with four mechanisms of support, connection, fixation and loading working together. It simulates horizontal seismic loads through actuators, fixed pulleys and ropes to directly test the seismic performance of paraffin-anchored cultural relics. The device of this utility model improves the limitation that the vertical actuator can only provide vertical force. By using fixed pulleys and ropes, the vertical force can be converted into a horizontal force, directly verifying the anti-slip and anti-sway performance of paraffin anchoring.

[0048] (2) This utility model is compatible with cultural relics of different sizes by means of a multi-hole support platform and a replaceable support platform, a fixed side tube and a fixed plate, a pulley seat with strip holes, and a replaceable rope;

[0049] (3) This utility model utilizes the bonding and damping properties of paraffin wax to achieve the anchoring of cultural relics and the base through paraffin wax welding (i.e., solidification after melting). This allows the bottom of the cultural relic to be completely attached to the base, significantly improving its seismic resistance while ensuring the safety of the cultural relic. It also takes into account reversibility, seismic resistance and zero damage to the cultural relic itself. The operation is simple and the raw materials are readily available.

[0050] (4) This utility model significantly improves the seismic performance of cultural relics by combining precise quantification of the dynamic behavior of cultural relics with adaptive paraffin anchoring technology; based on three-dimensional scanning and integral calculation, the center of gravity of cultural relics is accurately determined, and a judgment model of four motion modes is established by combining friction coefficient and acceleration threshold. The seismic weakness of cultural relics is predicted by the method of determining the center of gravity of cultural relics and the analysis of motion modes, providing a theoretical basis for the seismic design of cultural relics.

[0051] (5) This utility model subdivides the motion modes of cultural relics under earthquakes into four types: relative stillness, relative slip, swaying, and swaying accompanied by slip. By introducing the mixed mode of swaying accompanied by slip, it more comprehensively covers the actual dynamic behavior of cultural relics in earthquakes and improves the accuracy and completeness of motion analysis.

[0052] (6) This utility model uses paraffin molds of different specifications and combines them with standardized maintenance processes. After testing the influence of different anchoring specifications, the paraffin of the best anti-seismic performance size can be tested, so as to achieve undamaged adaptive anchoring of the bottom of cultural relics.

[0053] (7) This utility model combines the actual verification of motion mode analysis formula and anchoring effect with the testing device, which not only makes up for the theoretical defects of existing technology in motion mode analysis, but also provides a practical and accurate testing method. It has made comprehensive improvements in motion mode analysis and practicality, and provides a scientific and reliable solution for the seismic protection of museum collections. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cultural relic paraffin anchoring seismic testing device in this embodiment of the present utility model;

[0055] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the support mechanism in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0056] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the fixing mechanism in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0057] Figure 4 This is an exploded structural diagram of the connecting mechanism in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the loading mechanism in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the paraffin mold in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0060] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0061] 1—Actuator, 2—First support platform, 3—Vertical fixed support, 4—Horizontal fixed side tube, 5—Pulley seat, 6—Fixed pulley, 7—Rope, 8—First fixed plate, 9—Second fixed plate, 10—Second support platform, 11—Paraffin wax, 12—Second bolt, 13—Cultural relic, 14—Lifting eye screw, 15—First bolt, 16—Paraffin wax mold. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0063] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., used to describe a common object only indicate different instances of the same object, and are not intended to imply that the objects described in this way must be in a given order, whether temporally, spatially, sequentially, or in any other way.

[0064] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] Example 1:

[0066] A test device for testing the seismic resistance of cultural relics by paraffin anchoring, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a support mechanism, a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, and a loading mechanism. The support mechanism supports the loading mechanism, the fixing mechanism, and the artifact 13. The fixing mechanism fixes the support mechanism and the connecting mechanism. The connecting mechanism connects the loading mechanism and the artifact 13. The components of the fixing mechanism are connected to each other, as well as the support structure and the fixing mechanism. The loading mechanism applies force and displacement to the artifact 13.

[0067] like Figure 2 to Figure 4 As shown, the support mechanism includes a first support platform 2 and a second support platform 10. The fixing mechanism includes a vertical fixing support 3, a horizontal fixing side tube 4 and a fixing plate. The connecting mechanism includes a fixed pulley 6 and a rope 7. The artifact 13 is placed on the second support platform 10. The artifact 13 is anchored to the second support platform 10 by paraffin wax 11. The second support platform 10 is surrounded and fixed by the horizontal fixing side tube 4 and the fixing plate. The horizontal fixing side tube 4 and the fixing plate are fixed to the first support platform 2 by the vertical fixing support 3. The first support platform 2 is provided with a loading mechanism. The loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the artifact 13 by the rope 7. The loading direction is changed to the horizontal direction connected to the artifact 13 by the rope 7 passing around the fixed pulley 6.

[0068] The fixing plates are paired up on the left and right sides of the second support platform 10, and the horizontal fixing tubes 4 are paired up and down and front and back to clamp the second support platform 10 and the fixing plates.

[0069] In this embodiment, the fixing plate includes a first fixing plate 8 and a second fixing plate 9. The first fixing plate 8 and the second fixing plate 9 are respectively paired left and right against the two sides of the second support platform 10. The horizontal fixing side tube 4 is made of square tube. The four horizontal fixing side tubes 4 are respectively paired up and down and front and back to clamp the first fixing plate 8, the second support platform 10 and the second fixing plate 9.

[0070] The vertical fixed support 3 includes a top plate, a vertical support column and a bottom plate. The top plate is located at the top of the vertical support column and the bottom plate is located at the bottom of the vertical support column. In this embodiment, the vertical support column is made of square tube and a reinforcing rib is provided at the connection between the vertical support column and the bottom plate.

[0071] The connecting mechanism also includes a first bolt 15. Through holes are respectively opened on the bottom plate and the crossbeam of the first support platform 2. The vertical fixed support 3 is fixed to the first support platform 2 by passing the first bolt 15 through the through holes on the bottom plate and the crossbeam. In this embodiment, the first bolt 15 is provided in four sets, including screws and nuts, with five in each set.

[0072] The connecting mechanism also includes a second bolt 12. Through holes are opened at both ends of the horizontal fixed side tube 4, both ends of the fixed plate, and the top plate. The second bolt 12 passes through the through holes in the horizontal fixed side tube 4, the fixed plate, and the top plate to connect the horizontal fixed side tube 4 and the fixed plate and fix them to the vertical fixed support 3. In this embodiment, four second bolts 12 are provided, including screws and nuts.

[0073] To accommodate artifacts of different sizes, the size of the second support platform 10 can be adjusted. Multiple through holes are provided on the crossbeam of the first support platform 2. The distance between the vertical fixed supports 3 can be adjusted accordingly. The size of the horizontal fixed square tube 4 and the fixed plate can be adjusted.

[0074] Rope 7 is fixed at the center of gravity of artifact 13, so that the applied force acts on the center of gravity of artifact 13.

[0075] A force sensor is installed at the connection point between the horizontal section of rope 7 and artifact 13. The force sensor can directly measure the bearing capacity of artifact 13 under lateral tension.

[0076] The connecting mechanism also includes a lifting eye screw 14. The loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the screw end of the lifting eye screw 14. One end of the rope 7 is tied to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw 14, and the other end passes around the fixed pulley 6, forming a loop on the artifact 13 to pull the artifact 13, return to the fixed pulley 6 and be tied back to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw 14. In this embodiment, the rope 7 is made of steel, that is, the rope 7 is made of steel wire rope.

[0077] To accommodate artifacts of different sizes and materials, the length and material of rope 7 can be replaced;

[0078] The fixing mechanism also includes a pulley seat 5, and the fixed pulley 6 is fixed to a fixing plate on one side through the pulley seat 5. In this embodiment, the pulley seat 5 is disposed on the first fixing plate 8.

[0079] The pulley seat 5 is L-shaped. The L-shaped pulley seat 5 includes an upper support plate and a lower support base. The connecting mechanism also includes a third bolt. Through holes are opened on the support base and the fixed plate on one side. The pulley seat 5 is fixed to the fixed plate by passing the third bolt through the through holes on the support base and the fixed plate. In this embodiment, the pulley seat 5 is set on the first fixed plate 8. The third bolt includes a screw and a nut.

[0080] The fixing plate has multiple through holes, which can be used to fix fixed pulleys 6 of different sizes;

[0081] The support plate has a slotted hole, and the shaft of the fixed pulley 6 is fixed in the slotted hole of the support plate. The fixed height of the fixed pulley 6 can be adjusted to a suitable height so that the connection direction between the rope 7 and the cultural relic 13 remains horizontal.

[0082] In this embodiment, the shaft of the fixed pulley 6 is a rod with a thread at one end. The pulley is sleeved on the rod through a bearing. The threaded part of the rod is inserted into the slotted hole of the support plate and is clamped and fixed at a certain height in the slotted hole by nuts at the front and back.

[0083] The loading mechanism includes an actuator 1. A crossbeam and a horizontal frame are respectively provided on the vertical frame of the first support platform 2. The actuator 1 is provided on the crossbeam above the horizontal frame. The actuator 1 can move horizontally along the crossbeam to adapt to the installation position of other mechanisms. In this embodiment, the actuator 1 and the first support platform 2 are purchased from Xintiandi's integrated YJS-ES-Ⅰ type electric servo control system and actuator.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, a sliding block is provided on the housing of actuator 1. The sliding block slides on the slide rail of the crossbeam and can be fixed by bolts after sliding to the desired position.

[0085] Example 2:

[0086] A method for testing the seismic resistance of cultural relics by paraffin anchoring, using the device described in Example 1, includes the following specific steps:

[0087] S1. The center of gravity of artifact 13 was determined by accurately measuring the center of gravity of artifact 13 through three-dimensional scanning, providing basic data for subsequent reinforcement.

[0088] S2. Motion pattern analysis: The motion characteristics of artifact 13 under earthquakes are analyzed through mechanical analysis.

[0089] S3, Paraffin mold 16 production, customized paraffin mold 16 of different sizes, and testing the seismic performance of paraffin 11 of different specifications for anchoring cultural relics 13;

[0090] S4. Seismic performance assessment: The seismic resistance of the reinforced cultural relic 13 is tested using a device to verify the protection effect.

[0091] In step S1, detailed point cloud data of the surface of artifact 13 is obtained using 3D scanning technology. Artifact 13 is divided into rings of uniform height along the vertical height direction. The volume of a single ring in artifact 13 is determined using the following formula. V i = πc i [ g i 2 -( g i - d i ) 2 ], in V i This refers to the 13th cultural relic. i The volume of the ring, g i This refers to the 13th cultural relic. i The distance from the outer surface of each ring to the central axis. d i This refers to the 13th cultural relic. i The thickness of the ring, c i This refers to the 13th cultural relic. i The height of the ring The volume of artifact 13 was obtained by integration. V , V =Σ V i ; The sum of the products of the volume of each ring and the corresponding height of its center of gravity, divided by the total volume of artifact 13, gives the center of gravity of artifact 13. The height of the center of gravity of artifact 13 is determined using the following formula. h cg , h cg = V i ( l i + c i / 2) / V , in l i This refers to the 13th cultural relic.i The height of the lower surface of the ring; The above-mentioned method for determining the center of gravity of cultural relics is applicable to cultural relics with uniform material.

[0092] In step S2, the motion modes of cultural relic 13 under earthquake are divided into four types: relatively stationary, relatively slipping, swaying, and swaying accompanied by slipping. We analyze artifact 13 as an equivalent planar rectangular rigid body, defining the height of the rectangular rigid body as 2. h The bottom width is 2 b Aspect Ratio c = h / b The quality is m The gravity acting on W = mg The acceleration of the contact surface is ü g ( t The vertical force at the bottom is F y The horizontal force at the bottom is F x The distance from the normal reaction force at the bottom to the center point of the bottom is x The static friction coefficient of the contact surface is m s The coefficient of kinetic friction of the contact surface is m k ,in m k < m s The horizontal component of the relative foundation displacement is x The vertical component of the relative foundation displacement is y The corner is i The counterclockwise direction is positive, and the moment of inertia is... I , The sign function at the point where the velocity is zero; When artifact 13 is at relative rest, the equation of motion is: F x = mü g ( t ), F y - W =0, F x h + F y x=0, where the first two expressions are force balance equations and the last expression is a moment balance equation; relative rest is valid when the three conditions are met: the vertical force (normal reaction force) is greater than 0, the static friction force is not overcome, and the vertical force (normal reaction force) acts within the bottom range of the rectangular rigid body; when the acceleration of the contact surface of artifact 13 is small, the horizontal force does not overcome the maximum static friction force of the contact surface of artifact 13, that is, | F x |≤ m s | F y |, simplified, we get| ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s The second condition is satisfied, and the first condition is satisfied in the absence of vertical acceleration, when | x |≤ b , then | F x h |≤| F y b |, simplified, we get| ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c When the third condition is satisfied, the following formula can be obtained when the object is relatively stationary. | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s , | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c ; When artifact 13 is in a state of relative slippage, the second condition for relative stillness is not met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g > m s , then | ü g ( t )| max / g> m k It satisfies the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤1 / c ,but m k <1 / c At this point, the equation of motion is , F y - W =0, Simplifying, we get | x |= m k h As long as the first and third conditions for relative rest are met, the equations of motion are valid at the instant when the second condition for relative rest is not met. Finally, the following formula can be obtained for relative slip. | ü g ( t )| max / g > m k , m k <1 / c ; When artifact 13 is in a swaying state, the second condition for relative stillness is met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g ≤ m s It does not satisfy the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c ,but m s >1 / c At this point, the equation of motion is , F y - W = mÿ , Starting from rest, we have , Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , , , The oscillation is effective when three conditions are met: angular acceleration greater than 0, vertical force (normal reaction force) greater than 0, and static friction not being overcome at the instant rotation begins; the second condition is automatically met when the first condition is met, and when the horizontal force fails to overcome the maximum static friction of the contact surface of artifact 13, i.e., | F x |≤ m s | F y |, simplified, we get , When the third condition is met, the following formula can be obtained when the swinging motion is satisfied: | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c , ; When artifact 13 is in a state of swaying accompanied by slippage, the second condition for relative stillness is not met, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g > m s , then | ü g ( t )| max / g > m k It does not satisfy the third condition for relative rest, namely | ü g ( t )| max / g >1 / c The third condition for swinging is not met, namely, , At this point, the equation of motion is: , F y - W = mÿ , Starting from rest, we have , Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , , For swaying to be accompanied by sliding, the first condition for swaying must be met first. When the first condition is met, the second condition is automatically met, only if... It is possible that this is true; substituting it in, we get... , when gm k -1 < 0 hours 4+ c 2 -3 gm k >1, if the first condition for swinging cannot be met, then only if gm k -1>0 and 4+ c 2 -3 c m k It may be true when >0, which simplifies to 1 / c < m k <(4+ c 2 ) / 3 c ,but m s >1 / c The relative acceleration at the contact corner point O of the rectangular rigid body Solving for the given information, we can obtain the following results. , So when hour Automatic satisfaction, simplified to obtain, , Finally, the following formula can be obtained when oscillation is accompanied by slippage. m k >1 / c ; ; The above motion pattern analysis shows that the seismic resistance of artifact 13 is related to its height-to-width ratio and the coefficient of friction of the contact surface. First, the coefficient of friction of the contact surface of artifact 13 is calculated, and then the height of the center of gravity is obtained from step S1. h = h cg The height-to-width ratio can be obtained from the bottom dimensions obtained by 3D scanning. By substituting the height-to-width ratio and the friction coefficient of the contact surface into the analytical formula of motion characteristics, the motion mode of cultural relic 13 under different seismic accelerations as peak contact surface accelerations can be predicted.

[0093] The coefficient of friction of the contact surface is measured by the slow pull test. The artifact 13 is placed on the second support platform 10. Without the paraffin 11 for anchoring, the actuator 1 applies a small initial force to the artifact 13. The force increases slowly. When the artifact 13 is pulled, the force increases to the maximum. At this time, the force divided by the weight of the artifact 13 can be used to measure the static friction coefficient of the contact surface. Then, after the artifact 13 is pulled, it moves at a constant speed. The force decreases slightly and remains stable. At this time, the force divided by the weight of the artifact 13 can be used to measure the dynamic friction coefficient of the contact surface.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, in step S3, the paraffin mold 16 includes a pair of identical flat plates. The pair of flat plates are assembled together to form an outer rectangular shape with a circular hollow center. The paraffin mold 16 is used to make paraffin castings of different thicknesses and diameters. It has a simple shape and is easy to disassemble.

[0095] The four corners of the paraffin wax mold 16 have through holes. After the paraffin wax 11 solidifies, it will also anchor the paraffin wax mold 16. Although a release agent can be used, the paraffin wax mold 16 is sometimes still stuck quite firmly. It is inconvenient to remove the paraffin wax mold 16 directly. At this time, a screwdriver or other tool can be used to tilt and press against the through holes at the four corners of the paraffin wax mold 16, and then gently apply force to make the paraffin wax mold 16 fall off.

[0096] The specific steps for pouring and curing paraffin 11 in step S3 are as follows:

[0097] When using, place the paraffin mold 16 on the second support platform 10, place the artifact 13 in the center of the circular through hole in the middle of the paraffin mold 16, heat and melt the paraffin 11 at 175 ℃ and pour it into the paraffin mold 16, keep it at room temperature 24±1℃ and relative humidity 60±5% for 4 hours to solidify, and then remove the paraffin mold 16 to obtain solidified paraffin 11.

[0098] To test the anchoring ability of paraffin wax 11 with different thicknesses and diameters, the thickness of the paraffin wax mold 16 and the diameter of the central circular through hole can be changed to adjust the anchoring ability of the paraffin wax 11 to the artifact 13. When the casting diameter of the paraffin wax 11 is constant, the larger the casting thickness, the stronger the anchoring ability. When the casting thickness is constant, the larger the casting diameter, the stronger the anchoring ability.

[0099] When the pouring diameter is constant, the pouring thickness is changed. When the pouring thickness is constant, the pouring diameter is changed. The influence of different specifications of paraffin 11 on the anchoring capacity can be measured. In the final step S4, the actuator 1 is activated, and the anchoring seismic bearing capacity of paraffin 11 can be measured. The bearing capacity is divided by the mass of cultural relic 13, and the seismic acceleration that the paraffin 13 anchor can resist under a uniaxial earthquake can be predicted.

[0100] Earthquake acceleration can be divided by gravitational acceleration, and expressed as a certain multiple of gravitational acceleration.

[0101] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles of the paraffin anchoring seismic testing method for cultural relics described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present utility model without departing from its scope should be within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A test device for the seismic resistance of cultural relics anchored in paraffin wax, characterized in that, The device includes a support mechanism, a fixing mechanism, a connecting mechanism, and a loading mechanism. The support mechanism includes a first support platform (2) and a second support platform (10). The fixing mechanism includes a vertical fixing support (3), a horizontal fixing side tube (4), and a fixing plate. The connecting mechanism includes a fixed pulley (6) and a rope (7). An artifact (13) is placed on the second support platform (10). The artifact (13) is anchored to the second support platform (10) by paraffin wax (11). The second support platform (10) is surrounded and fixed by the horizontal fixing side tube (4) and the fixing plate. The horizontal fixing side tube (4) and the fixing plate are fixed to the first support platform (2) by the vertical fixing support (3). A loading mechanism is provided on the first support platform (2). The loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the artifact (13) by the rope (7). The loading direction is changed to the horizontal direction connected to the artifact (13) by the rope (7) passing around the fixed pulley (6).

2. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed plates are paired up on the left and right sides of the second support platform (10), and the horizontal fixed side tubes (4) are paired up and down and front and back to clamp the second support platform (10) and the fixed plates.

3. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical fixed support (3) includes a top plate, a vertical support column and a bottom plate. The top plate is located at the top of the vertical support column and the bottom plate is located at the bottom of the vertical support column. The connecting mechanism also includes a first bolt (15). Through holes are provided on the crossbeams of the base plate and the first support platform (2). The vertical fixed support (3) is fixed to the first support platform (2) by passing the first bolt (15) through the through holes on the base plate and the crossbeam.

4. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism also includes a second bolt (12). Through holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal fixed side tube (4), both ends of the fixed plate and the top plate respectively. The second bolt (12) passes through the through holes in the horizontal fixed side tube (4), the fixed plate and the top plate to connect the horizontal fixed side tube (4) and the fixed plate and fix them on the vertical fixed support (3).

5. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rope (7) is fixed at the center of gravity of the artifact (13).

6. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism also includes a lifting eye screw (14). The loading end of the loading mechanism is connected to the screw end of the lifting eye screw (14). One end of the rope (7) is tied to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw (14), and the other end passes around the fixed pulley (6) and is looped on the artifact (13) to pull the artifact (13), return to the fixed pulley (6) and be tied back to the lifting eye end of the lifting eye screw (14).

7. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing mechanism also includes a pulley seat (5), and the fixed pulley (6) is fixed to a fixing plate on one side through the pulley seat (5).

8. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pulley seat (5) is L-shaped. The L-shaped pulley seat (5) includes an upper support plate and a lower support base. The connecting mechanism also includes a third bolt. The support base and the fixed plate on one side are respectively provided with through holes. The pulley seat (5) is fixed to the fixed plate by passing the third bolt through the through holes on the support base and the fixed plate.

9. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The support plate has a strip-shaped hole, and the shaft of the fixed pulley (6) is fixed in the strip-shaped hole of the support plate.

10. The cultural relic paraffin anchor seismic testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading mechanism includes an actuator (1), and a crossbeam and a horizontal frame are respectively provided on the vertical frame of the first support platform (2), and the actuator (1) is provided on the crossbeam above the horizontal frame.

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