A device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring wetting front advancing process based on machine vision

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of soil column infiltration process monitoring, especially based on machine vision's soil column infiltration rate measurement and the monitoring device of wetting front advancing process, include: the mar bottle, the soil column room, the water delivery pipe, fixed tray no.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance process monitoring technology, and in particular to a device for soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance process monitoring based on machine vision. Background Technology

[0002] Soil column infiltration tests reveal the patterns of soil moisture transport and its influencing factors by measuring the soil column infiltration rate and the dynamic process of the wetting front. In traditional methods, parameters such as the drop in water level in the Marble bottle, the location of the wetting front in the soil column, and the corresponding time rely on manual recording. The accuracy of these parameters is easily affected by factors such as operator experience, observation timing, and visual judgment, resulting in strong subjectivity, time lag in recording, and low precision in identifying water level and wetting fronts, leading to significant errors in the experimental data. Furthermore, the experimental process often lasts for several hours, consuming considerable human resources and resulting in low experimental efficiency.

[0003] Chinese invention patent "A Simple Soil Infiltration Rate Measurement Device and Method" (ZL201811305198.9) discloses a measuring device that allows for the use of detachable and replaceable measuring cylinders of different diameters to meet the infiltration rate requirements of different soil types and experimental precision. This also avoids the large errors and inaccurate readings caused by using a single experimental device for soil infiltration experiments on different land use types. Chinese invention patent "An Experimental Device for Soil Column Seepage Erosion under Rainwater Infiltration and a Soil-Water Separation Experimental Method" (ZL201810789112.8) discloses an adjustable-rate, constant-flow seepage erosion experimental device that can simulate the potential internal erosion process of loosely deposited gravelly silty clay under rainwater infiltration conditions in an indoor environment. Existing devices and methods rely on manual readings, which are inherently prone to error, and readings also vary between individuals. Given the advanced imaging technology available, it is necessary to develop a new device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model addresses the problems in the prior art by providing a machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background. Specifically:

[0005] A machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process includes: a Marshall bottle, a soil column chamber, a water supply pipe, a fixed tray 1, a fixed tray 2, a camera 1, a camera 2, and a control cabinet.

[0006] The Marshall bottle is vertically fixed to the first fixed tray; the soil column chamber is vertically fixed to the second fixed tray; the Marshall bottle and the soil column chamber are connected by the water supply pipe, which is horizontally positioned.

[0007] Camera 1 is installed on one side of the Marshall bottle to collect image information of the Marshall bottle, and Camera 2 is installed on one side of the soil column chamber to collect image information of the soil column chamber. Camera 1 and Camera 2 are respectively connected to the control cabinet, and the control cabinet is used to process the image information of the Marshall bottle and the soil column chamber.

[0008] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device further includes: aperture one and aperture two; aperture one is set between camera one and the Marshall bottle; aperture two is set between camera two and the gaseous soil column chamber.

[0009] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: two camera unit brackets 1 and two camera unit brackets 2; the height of the two camera unit brackets 1 and two camera unit brackets 2 is adjustable in the vertical direction, one of the camera unit brackets 1 is connected to the camera 1, and the other camera unit bracket 1 is connected to the aperture 1; one of the camera unit brackets 2 is connected to the camera 2, and the other camera unit bracket 2 is connected to the aperture 2.

[0010] The machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process further includes: a camera unit slider one, a camera unit slider two, a camera unit guide rail one, and a camera unit guide rail two; the camera unit slider one is movably constrainedly connected to the camera unit guide rail one, and the other end of the camera unit slider one is connected to two camera unit supports one; the camera unit slider two is movably constrainedly connected to the camera unit guide rail two, and the other end of the camera unit slider two is connected to two camera unit supports two.

[0011] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device also includes: a fixed base; the fixed tray one, fixed tray two, camera unit guide rail one, and camera unit guide rail two are all fixed on the fixed base.

[0012] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device also includes: casters; the casters are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed base.

[0013] The machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front advance process also includes: a wire trough; the wires connecting the control cabinet and the camera one and camera two are placed in the wire trough.

[0014] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device further includes: an adjustment bracket; the adjustment bracket is installed between the fixed tray one or / and the fixed tray two and the fixed base, and is used to adjust the height of the Marshall bottle or / and the soil column chamber. Correspondingly, the height of the end of the water supply pipe connected to the Marshall bottle can also be adjusted to ensure that the water supply pipe is in a horizontal position.

[0015] The machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front advance process also includes: a calibration plate; the calibration plate is installed on the side of the fixed tray one or / and the fixed tray two, at a position opposite to the camera unit one or / and the camera unit two.

[0016] The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device also includes a drainage pipe and a drainage box. The fixed tray one or / and fixed tray two are provided with drainage outlets. The drainage outlets are connected to the drainage pipes, and the drainage pipes are then connected to the drainage box for draining water from the Marshall bottle and / or the soil column chamber.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device of this invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. A machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front advance process. This device enables more efficient and accurate measurement of soil column infiltration rate and wetting front advance process. The camera 1 and camera 2 in this device are separated from the Marshall bottle and soil column tube, avoiding traditional visual measurement. The reliability and adaptability of the device are improved by using machine vision technology.

[0019] 2. Aperture 1 and Aperture 2 can control the amount of light entering the lenses of Camera 1 and Camera 2, adjust the depth of field, and affect the sharpness of the image.

[0020] 3. Both camera unit bracket 1 and both camera unit bracket 2 are vertically adjustable, allowing for vertical adjustment of the height of camera 1, camera 2, aperture 1, and aperture 2.

[0021] 4. The camera unit slider one is movably constrained to the camera unit guide rail one, and the camera unit slider two is movably constrained to the camera unit guide rail two, which can adjust the distance between camera one and aperture one and the Mascher bottle, and the distance between camera two and aperture two and the soil column chamber in the horizontal direction.

[0022] 5. The fixed tray 1, fixed tray 2, camera unit guide rail 1, and camera unit guide rail 2 of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance process monitoring device are all fixed on the fixed base, making the device a whole and ensuring the stability of the device.

[0023] 6. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device includes casters; the casters are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed base to facilitate the movement of the device.

[0024] 7. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device includes a wire guide trough; the wires connecting the control cabinet and various components are placed in the wire guide trough for centralized management.

[0025] 8. The vertical arrangement of the Marvi bottle and soil column tube, and the horizontal arrangement of the water delivery pipe in the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation process monitoring device, can ensure the stability of the device.

[0026] 9. The adjustable support of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation process monitoring device and the water supply pipe connected to the Marsh bottle have an adjustable height, which can ensure that the water supply pipe is in the horizontal direction at different heights of the device.

[0027] 10. The calibration plate of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device serves to provide a standard reference for the accuracy of the camera unit, calibrate equipment errors to ensure the accuracy of measurement / imaging, etc.

[0028] 11. This utility model device uses machine photography and reading, which not only improves accuracy but also saves manpower and increases work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of either a fixed tray 1 or a fixed tray 2 of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front section view of fixed pallet one or fixed pallet two;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Marsh bottle and soil column chamber in the axial projection plane of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation process monitoring device of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a magnified view of a portion of the soil column chamber of the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device of this invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Maslow's bottle; 2. Soil column chamber; 3. Water supply pipe; 4. Solenoid valve; 51. Fixed tray one; 52. Fixed tray two; 611. Camera one; 612. Aperture one; 613. Camera unit bracket one; 614. Camera unit slider one; 615. Camera unit guide rail one; 621. Camera two; 622. Aperture two; 623. Camera unit bracket two; 624. Camera unit slider two; 625. Camera unit guide rail two; 7. Wire trough; 8. Control cabinet; 9. Drainage pipe; 10. Drainage tank; 11. Fixed base; 12. Casters; 13. Calibration plate; 14. Adjustment bracket; 15. Drainage outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, this utility model embodiment provides a machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance process monitoring device. The device includes: a Marshall bottle 1, a soil column chamber 2, a water supply pipe 3, a solenoid valve 4, a fixed tray 1 51, a fixed tray 2 52, a camera 1 611, a camera 2 621, and a control cabinet 8.

[0038] The Mascher bottle 1 is vertically fixed to the fixed tray 1 51; the soil column chamber 2 is vertically fixed to the fixed tray 2 52; the Mascher bottle 1 and the soil column chamber 2 are connected by the water supply pipe 3, which is horizontally arranged.

[0039] The camera 611 is installed on one side of the Marshall bottle 1 and is used to collect image information of the Marshall bottle 1. The camera 621 is installed on one side of the soil column chamber 2 and is used to collect image information of the soil column chamber 2. Both the camera 611 and the camera 621 are connected to the control cabinet 8, which is used to process the image information of the Marshall bottle 1 and the soil column chamber 2.

[0040] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device further includes: aperture one 612 and / or aperture two 622; aperture one 612 is installed between camera one 611 and the Marshall bottle 1; aperture two 622 is installed between camera two 621 and the soil column chamber 2, for supplementing the lighting of the soil column chamber 2, so that camera one 611 and / or camera two 621 can obtain clearer images.

[0041] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a camera unit bracket 613 and a camera unit bracket 623; one of the camera unit brackets 613 is connected to a camera 611, and the other camera unit bracket 613 is connected to an aperture 612, for adjusting the shooting height range setting; similarly, one camera unit bracket 623 is connected to a camera 621, and the other camera unit bracket 623 is connected to an aperture 622, for adjusting the shooting height range setting.

[0042] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a camera unit slider 614 or / and a camera unit slider 624, a camera unit guide rail 615 and / or a camera unit guide rail 625; the camera unit slider 614 is mounted on the camera unit guide rail 615; the two camera unit brackets 613 are mounted on the camera unit slider 614 to adjust the horizontal position of the camera 611 and the aperture 612, thereby adjusting the camera's shooting range; the camera unit slider 624 is mounted on the camera unit guide rail 625; the two camera unit brackets 623 are mounted on the camera unit slider 624 to adjust the horizontal position of the camera 621 and the aperture 622, thereby adjusting the camera's shooting range.

[0043] The connection methods for each component can adopt existing connection methods, such as welding, bolting, etc., depending on the specific needs and conditions.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a fixed base 11; a fixed tray 51, a fixed tray 52, a camera unit guide rail 615 and / or a camera unit guide rail 625 are all fixed on the fixed base 11.

[0045] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes casters 12; the casters 12 are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed base 11 to facilitate the movement of the device.

[0046] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device further includes: an adjustment bracket 14; the adjustment bracket 14 is installed between the fixed tray 1 51 or / and the fixed tray 2 52 and the fixed base 11, and is used to adjust the height of the Marshall bottle 1 or / and the soil column chamber 2. The height of the end of the water supply pipe 3 connected to the Marshall bottle 1 can also be adjusted to ensure that the water supply pipe 3 is in a horizontal position.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a solenoid valve 4; the solenoid valve 4 is installed on the water supply pipe 3 and connected to the control cabinet 8 to ensure that the valve can be closed in time at the end of the experiment to prevent water waste.

[0048] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a calibration plate 13; the calibration plate 13 is installed on the side of the fixed tray 51 or / and the fixed tray 52, at a position opposite to the camera 611 or / and the camera 621.

[0049] Preferably, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front propagation monitoring device further includes: a drainage pipe 9; the fixed tray 1 51 or / and the fixed tray 2 52 are provided with a drainage outlet 15; the drainage outlet 15 is connected to the drainage pipe 9 and is used to remove the remaining water from the Marshall bottle 1 or / and the soil column chamber 2.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a drainage box 10; the drainage pipe 9 is connected to the drainage box 10 and is used to collect the water discharged from the drainage pipe to prevent water waste.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device further includes: a wire trough 7; the wires connecting the control cabinet 8 to each component are placed in the wire trough for centralized management.

[0052] Reference Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the infiltration experiment begins. Control cabinet 8 automatically controls camera 1 611 and camera 2 621 to collect the water level in Marshall bottle 1 and the height of the wetting peak in soil column chamber 2. After receiving the image information transmitted back by camera 1 611 and camera 2 621, control cabinet 8 uses thresholding processing to separate the target area from the background, obtains the image of Marshall bottle 1 and soil column on the axial projection plane, divides it into a graphic composed of unit pixels and calculates the image area of ​​Marshall bottle 1 and soil column on the axial projection plane, and then calculates the soil column infiltration rate.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] Reference Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the measurement methods include:

[0055] Before the measurement begins, the camera is calibrated using the calibration board to obtain the minimum unit pixel area (S) required for the measurement. p );

[0056] At the start of the experiment, the timer in the control cabinet starts counting from zero. When the user-set shooting time (T) is reached, the camera collects the image information of the current soil column chamber and the Marshall bottle, and transmits it back to the control cabinet for calculating the infiltration rate.

[0057] Calculate the area (S) of the water inside the Marble bottle projected onto the axial plane using the following formula. w ):

[0058] S w =S P ×i w

[0059] Among them, i w This represents the number of pixels of water in the Marshall bottle projected onto the axial plane.

[0060] Calculate the drop in water level in the Marshall bottle (x) using the following formula. w ):

[0061]

[0062] Among them, H w L represents the initial liquid level in the Marble flask. w This indicates the inner diameter of the Marsh bottle.

[0063] Calculate the soil column infiltration rate (f) using the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Where ΔV represents the amount of infiltration water into the Marshall bottle during the time interval Δt, and A w A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid surface inside the Marble flask. s This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil column.

[0066] Calculate the area (S) of the dry soil inside the soil column chamber on the axial projection plane using the following formula. s ):

[0067] S S =S P ×i s

[0068] Among them, i s This represents the number of unit pixels of dry soil in the soil column chamber projected onto the axial projection plane.

[0069] The height of the wetting peak (x) is calculated using the following formula. i ):

[0070]

[0071] Among them, H s L represents the initial height of the soil column. s This indicates the inner diameter of the soil column.

[0072] By utilizing the dynamic evolution of the height of the wetting front within the soil column, we can explore the propagation law of the wetting front and elucidate the transport mechanism of soil moisture.

[0073] In summary, this utility model provides a soil infiltration process monitoring device based on machine vision, and its method enables more efficient and accurate measurement of soil column infiltration rate.

[0074] In summary, this utility model provides a machine vision-based device for measuring the infiltration rate of a soil column and monitoring the propagation process of the wetting front. The method uses differential measurement to measure the infiltration height, which can avoid errors caused by the expansion and rise of the soil at the top of the soil column in water during the experiment, thus improving the accuracy of the measurement and achieving more efficient and accurate measurement of the infiltration rate of the soil column.

[0075] After the experiment, the remaining water in the Marshall bottle 1 can be drained to the drainage tank 10 through the fixed tray 51 and the drainage pipe 9. Similarly, the remaining water in the soil column chamber 2 can be drained to the drainage tank 10 (not shown in the figure) through the fixed tray 52 and the drainage pipe 9 to prevent waste of water resources in the experiment. When the area of ​​dry soil on the axial projection plane detected by the control cabinet 8 is zero, the operation of camera 611 or camera 621 will be automatically stopped, and the experimental data will be sorted and analyzed.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present utility model. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A machine vision-based device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process, characterized in that: Includes a Marsh bottle, a soil column chamber, water supply pipes, fixed tray one, fixed tray two, camera one, camera two, and a control cabinet. The Marshall bottle is vertically fixed to the first fixed tray; the soil column chamber is vertically fixed to the second fixed tray; the Marshall bottle and the soil column chamber are connected by the water supply pipe, which is horizontally positioned. Camera 1 is installed on one side of the Marshall bottle to collect image information of the Marshall bottle, and Camera 2 is installed on one side of the soil column chamber to collect image information of the soil column chamber. Camera 1 and Camera 2 are respectively connected to the control cabinet, and the control cabinet is used to process the image information of the Marshall bottle and the soil column chamber.

2. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that... Also includes: Aperture 1 and aperture 2; aperture 1 is located between camera 1 and the Marshall bottle; aperture 2 is located between camera 2 and the gaseous soil column chamber.

3. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that... Also includes: Two camera unit brackets, one and two camera unit brackets, are provided. The height of both camera unit brackets is adjustable in the vertical direction. One camera unit bracket is connected to the first camera and the other camera unit bracket is connected to the first aperture. One camera unit bracket is connected to the second camera and the other camera unit bracket is connected to the second aperture.

4. The device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process based on machine vision according to claim 3, characterized in that... It also includes: camera unit slider one, camera unit slider two, camera unit guide rail one, and camera unit guide rail two; camera unit slider one is movably constrained to camera unit guide rail one, and the other end of camera unit slider one is connected to two camera unit brackets one; camera unit slider two is movably constrained to camera unit guide rail two, and the other end of camera unit slider two is connected to two camera unit brackets two.

5. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that... It also includes: a fixed base; the fixed tray one, fixed tray two, camera unit guide rail one, and camera unit guide rail two are all fixed on the fixed base.

6. The device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that... Also includes: Casters; The casters are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed base.

7. The device for measuring soil column infiltration rate and monitoring the wetting front propagation process based on machine vision according to claim 6, characterized in that... It also includes: a wire channel; the wire channel contains the wires connecting the control cabinet to the first camera and the second camera.

8. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that... It also includes: an adjusting bracket; the adjusting bracket is installed between the fixed tray one or / and the fixed tray two and the fixed base, and is used to adjust the height of the Marshall bottle or / and the soil column chamber. Correspondingly, the height of the end of the water supply pipe connected to the Marshall bottle can also be adjusted to ensure that the water supply pipe is in a horizontal position.

9. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that... It also includes: a calibration plate; the calibration plate is installed on the side of the fixed tray one or / and the fixed tray two, in a position opposite to the camera unit one or / and the camera unit two.

10. The machine vision-based soil column infiltration rate measurement and wetting front advance monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that... It also includes a drain pipe and a drain box. The fixed tray one or / and fixed tray two are provided with a drain outlet. The drain outlet is connected to the drain pipe, and the drain pipe is then connected to the drain box for draining water from the Marshall bottle or / and the soil column chamber.

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