Intelligent voltage stabilizing regulation circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of power electronics, and disclose intelligent voltage stabilizing regulation circuit, include: input filter module, high accuracy voltage sampling module, microcontrol unit MCU, adaptive power regulation module, interference suppression module and output filter module, the input end connection external power supply of input filter module, and the input end and adaptive power regulation module's input end of high accuracy voltage sampling module's input end are connected respectively to output, adaptive power regulation module's output is connected to the input end of output filter module, and the output is connected load. The present intelligent voltage stabilizing regulation circuit realizes the multi -dimensional performance promotion through the optimization design and the collaborative cooperation of each module, and the regulation precision is improved obviously compared with prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power electronics technology, specifically to an intelligent voltage stabilization and regulation circuit. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power electronics, voltage regulation circuits are key components ensuring the normal operation of electronic equipment. Existing voltage regulation circuits mostly employ linear regulators or traditional switching regulator structures. While linear regulators are simple in structure and have low ripple, they suffer from low efficiency and significant heat generation, especially when there is a large difference between the input and output voltages, resulting in significant energy loss. Traditional switching regulators regulate the output voltage using pulse width modulation (PWM), offering improved efficiency compared to linear regulators, but still have the following shortcomings: Limited adjustment accuracy: The sampling circuit of traditional switching regulators is mostly a simple resistor voltage divider structure, which is easily affected by factors such as temperature drift and resistor accuracy, resulting in a large sampling error. This affects the adjustment accuracy of the output voltage and makes it difficult to meet the stringent voltage stability requirements of precision instruments and other equipment.

[0003] Slow response speed: Its control chips mostly adopt a fixed frequency PWM control strategy. When the input voltage or load changes suddenly, the adjustment of the control signal is delayed and cannot quickly suppress voltage fluctuations, which may cause the load equipment to experience temporary abnormal operation.

[0004] Weak anti-interference capability: The circuit lacks an effective interference suppression mechanism. In complex power environments, external electromagnetic interference or power grid noise can easily intrude into the sampling and control signals, leading to problems such as increased ripple and aggravated fluctuations in the output voltage.

[0005] Therefore, developing an intelligent voltage stabilization circuit with high adjustment accuracy, fast response speed, and strong anti-interference capability has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of power electronics technology. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art by providing an intelligent voltage stabilization and regulation circuit to address the existing problems in the prior art.

[0007] The specific technical solution is as follows: The intelligent voltage stabilization circuit includes: an input filtering module, a high-precision voltage sampling module, a microcontroller unit (MCU), an adaptive power adjustment module, an interference suppression module, and an output filtering module. The input terminal of the input filtering module is connected to an external power supply, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the high-precision voltage sampling module and the input terminal of the adaptive power adjustment module, respectively. The input terminal of the output filtering module is connected to the output terminal of the adaptive power adjustment module, and its output terminal is connected to a load.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the high-precision voltage sampling module includes a precision resistor voltage divider circuit and a differential amplifier circuit. The precision resistor voltage divider circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2 and a temperature compensation resistor RT. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the input filter module, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of the temperature compensation resistor RT. The other ends of resistor R2 and the other end of the temperature compensation resistor RT are both grounded. The differential amplifier circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier AD620. The non-inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier AD620 is connected to the junction of resistors R1 and R2, the inverting input terminal is grounded, and the output terminal is connected to the analog signal input terminal of the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the microcontroller MCU adopts an STM32F103 series microcontroller, whose analog signal input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the high-precision voltage sampling module, and whose digital signal output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the interference suppression module.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the interference suppression module includes an EMI filter and an optocoupler; the EMI filter is connected in series between the input filtering module and the adaptive power adjustment module; the input terminal of the optocoupler is connected to the digital signal output terminal of the microcontroller unit (MCU), and the output terminal is connected to the control input terminal of the adaptive power adjustment module.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the adaptive power adjustment module includes a drive circuit and a DC-DC converter circuit with a synchronous buck topology; the input terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the input filtering module adopts an LC filtering structure, and the output filtering module adopts a π-type filtering structure.

[0013] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: This intelligent voltage stabilization circuit achieves multi-dimensional performance improvements compared to existing technologies through optimized design and coordinated operation of its various modules.

[0014] Significantly improved adjustment accuracy: The temperature compensation and differential amplification design of the high-precision sampling module, combined with the high-precision A / D conversion of the MCU, enables the output voltage adjustment accuracy to reach within ±0.05V, which is far superior to the ±0.5V accuracy level of traditional circuits, and can meet the stringent requirements of precision instruments for voltage stability. Significantly faster response speed: The fast computing power of the STM32F103 series MCU and the efficient regulation characteristics of the synchronous buck topology shorten the response time of the circuit to sudden changes in input voltage or load to less than 10μs, effectively suppressing voltage fluctuations. Significantly enhanced anti-interference capability: The dual interference suppression of EMI filter and optocoupler makes the ripple coefficient of the circuit less than 0.1% in complex electromagnetic environment, and significantly improves the operating stability; Improved energy conversion efficiency: The synchronous buck topology reduces follow current loss, and the circuit conversion efficiency can reach over 95%, reducing equipment heat generation and energy consumption, which is in line with the trend of energy conservation and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the high-precision voltage sampling module of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0018] In the accompanying drawings of this utility model, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating the connection relationship between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. Example 1

[0020] like Figures 1-2 As shown in the figure, the intelligent voltage stabilization circuit provided in this embodiment includes: an input filtering module, a high-precision voltage sampling module, a microcontroller unit (MCU), an adaptive power adjustment module, an interference suppression module, and an output filtering module. The input terminal of the input filtering module is connected to an external power supply, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminals of the high-precision voltage sampling module and the adaptive power adjustment module, respectively. The input terminal of the output filtering module is connected to the output terminal of the adaptive power adjustment module, and its output terminal is connected to the load. A complete closed-loop architecture of "input filtering - high-precision sampling - MCU control - adaptive power adjustment - interference suppression - output filtering" is adopted, with clear division of labor and coordinated operation among the modules. The input filtering module preprocesses input voltage noise, providing a stable signal foundation for subsequent modules; the high-precision sampling module ensures the accuracy of voltage signal acquisition, providing a reliable basis for MCU control; the MCU, as the core, realizes intelligent decision-making and drives the power adjustment module to perform voltage adjustment; the interference suppression module ensures signal purity throughout the process; and the output filtering module ultimately optimizes the output voltage quality. This architecture breaks through the limitations of traditional circuit modules, which have single functions and poor coordination, and forms a full-process control of "monitoring-analysis-adjustment-optimization", which fundamentally improves the overall stability and controllability of the circuit.

[0021] The high-precision voltage sampling module includes a precision resistor voltage divider circuit and a differential amplifier circuit. The precision resistor voltage divider circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2 and a temperature compensation resistor RT. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the output of the input filter module, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of the temperature compensation resistor RT. The other ends of resistor R2 and the temperature compensation resistor RT are both grounded. The differential amplifier circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier AD620. The non-inverting input of the instrumentation amplifier AD620 is connected to the junction of resistors R1 and R2, the inverting input is grounded, and the output is connected to the analog signal input of the microcontroller unit (MCU). The introduction of the temperature compensation resistor RT in the precision resistor voltage divider circuit can effectively offset the influence of ambient temperature changes on the resistance value, avoiding sampling errors caused by temperature drift in traditional single-resistor voltage dividers. Using the instrumentation amplifier AD620 to construct the differential amplifier circuit, compared with ordinary operational amplifiers, its common-mode rejection ratio is higher (up to 100dB or more), which can effectively suppress common-mode interference. At the same time, the amplification factor is stable and the input offset voltage is small, which can accurately amplify and transmit weak sampled voltage signals to the MCU. The combination of the two significantly improves sampling accuracy, solving the pain points of traditional sampling circuits such as "temperature sensitivity and poor anti-interference", and providing accurate raw data support for subsequent voltage regulation.

[0022] The microcontroller unit (MCU) uses an STM32F103 series microcontroller. Its analog signal input is connected to the output of the high-precision voltage sampling module, and its digital signal output is connected to the input of the interference suppression module. The STM32F103 series microcontroller features a built-in 12-bit high-precision A / D converter, which can quickly convert analog sampling signals into digital signals with fast conversion speed (single-channel conversion time as short as 1.17μs) and high resolution. Simultaneously, this series of MCUs has strong computing performance, supporting the real-time operation of complex control algorithms. It can quickly calculate and output PWM control signals based on the deviation between the sampled data and a preset threshold. Compared to the fixed functionality of traditional dedicated control chips, the STM32F103 series MCU offers greater programmability. Control strategies can be optimized through software upgrades, improving circuit flexibility and scalability to meet voltage regulation needs in different scenarios.

[0023] The interference suppression module includes an EMI filter and an optocoupler. The EMI filter is connected in series between the input filtering module and the adaptive power regulation module. The input of the optocoupler is connected to the digital signal output of the microcontroller unit (MCU), and the output is connected to the control input of the adaptive power regulation module. The EMI filter, connected in series between the input filtering and power regulation modules, filters out common-mode and differential-mode electromagnetic interference from the external power grid, preventing interference signals from entering the power regulation module and causing malfunctions. The optocoupler provides electrical isolation between the MCU and the power regulation module, preventing high-voltage signals from the power module from back-entering the MCU and causing damage, and blocking interference signals from propagating through the control signal lines, ensuring the purity of the control signal. The synergistic effect of the two modules solves the problems of weak anti-interference capability and susceptibility to signal contamination in traditional circuits, enabling the circuit to operate stably in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0024] The adaptive power regulation module includes a drive circuit and a synchronous buck topology DC-DC converter circuit. The input of the drive circuit is connected to the output of an optocoupler, and the output is connected to the control terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit. Compared to the traditional asynchronous buck topology, the synchronous buck topology DC-DC converter circuit uses a low-on-resistance MOSFET Q2 instead of a freewheeling diode, significantly reducing energy loss during freewheeling and improving conversion efficiency by 5%-10%. The drive circuit uses a dedicated drive chip, providing sufficient gate drive voltage and current to the MOSFET, ensuring fast and reliable turn-on and turn-off, reducing switching losses and dead time. This module achieves "high efficiency and fast response" voltage regulation, solving the problems of "low efficiency and high switching losses" in traditional power regulation modules, while also improving the circuit's response speed to sudden changes in load and input voltage.

[0025] The input filtering module employs an LC filter structure, while the output filtering module adopts a π-type filter structure. The input filtering module uses an LC filter structure, where inductor L1 suppresses high-frequency current fluctuations and capacitor C1 filters out high-frequency voltage noise. Together, they effectively attenuate high-frequency interference components in the input voltage, providing a stable input power supply for subsequent modules. The output filtering module uses a π-type filter structure, consisting of two capacitors and one inductor. Compared to traditional LC filters, it offers better ripple suppression, especially stronger attenuation of high-frequency ripple, keeping the output voltage ripple coefficient at a low level. This coordinated design of input and output filters optimizes voltage quality from both the "input" and "output" ends, further ensuring the power supply stability of the load equipment.

[0026] In summary, this intelligent voltage stabilization circuit achieves multi-dimensional performance improvements compared to existing technologies through optimized design and coordinated operation of its various modules.

[0027] First, the adjustment accuracy is significantly improved. The temperature compensation and differential amplification design of the high-precision sampling module, combined with the high-precision A / D conversion of the MCU, enables the output voltage adjustment accuracy to reach within ±0.05V, which is far superior to the ±0.5V accuracy level of traditional circuits, and can meet the stringent requirements of precision instruments for voltage stability. Secondly, the response speed is significantly accelerated. The fast computing power of the STM32F103 series MCU and the efficient regulation characteristics of the synchronous buck topology reduce the circuit's response time to sudden changes in input voltage or load to less than 10μs, effectively suppressing voltage fluctuations; Furthermore, the anti-interference capability is significantly enhanced. The dual interference suppression of EMI filters and optocouplers ensures that the ripple coefficient of the circuit is below 0.1% in complex electromagnetic environments, resulting in a significant improvement in operational stability. Finally, energy conversion efficiency is improved. The synchronous buck topology reduces follow current loss, and the circuit conversion efficiency can reach over 95%, reducing equipment heat generation and energy consumption, which is in line with the trend of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0028] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An intelligent voltage stabilization and regulation circuit, characterized in that, include: Input filtering module, high-precision voltage sampling module, microcontroller unit (MCU), adaptive power adjustment module, interference suppression module, and output filtering module; The input of the input filtering module is connected to an external power supply, and its output is connected to the input of the high-precision voltage sampling module and the input of the adaptive power adjustment module. The input of the output filtering module is connected to the output of the adaptive power adjustment module, and its output is connected to the load.

2. The intelligent voltage stabilization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-precision voltage sampling module includes a precision resistor voltage divider circuit and a differential amplifier circuit. The precision resistor voltage divider circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2 and a temperature compensation resistor RT. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the input filter module, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of the temperature compensation resistor RT. The other ends of resistor R2 and the other end of the temperature compensation resistor RT are both grounded. The differential amplifier circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier AD620. The non-inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier AD620 is connected to the junction of resistors R1 and R2, the inverting input terminal is grounded, and the output terminal is connected to the analog signal input terminal of the microcontroller unit (MCU).

3. The intelligent voltage stabilization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit (MCU) uses an STM32F103 series microcontroller. Its analog signal input is connected to the output of the high-precision voltage sampling module, and its digital signal output is connected to the input of the interference suppression module.

4. The intelligent voltage stabilization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interference suppression module includes an EMI filter and an optocoupler; the EMI filter is connected in series between the input filtering module and the adaptive power adjustment module; the input end of the optocoupler is connected to the digital signal output end of the microcontroller unit (MCU), and the output end is connected to the control input end of the adaptive power adjustment module.

5. The intelligent voltage stabilization and regulation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive power regulation module includes a drive circuit and a DC-DC converter circuit with a synchronous buck topology; the input terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit.

6. The intelligent voltage stabilization and regulation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input filtering module adopts an LC filtering structure, and the output filtering module adopts a π-type filtering structure.

Images