Intelligent key system for rail vehicles

Abstract

The utility model relates to key safety management technical field discloses intelligent key system for rail train for switch cabinet closing loop electronic lock, computer key, communication adapter and wireless main station / base station, switch cabinet closing loop electronic lock of electrical code lock, computer key receives background operation ticket and returns result after wireless base station, communication adapter relays wireless data, and base station full -coverage factory building and transformer substation, to solve the technical problem that the corresponding mechanical key number is too much to be difficult to manage and relies on manual operation of traditional lock adopts mechanical padlock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of key security management technology, specifically to an intelligent key system for rail trains. Background Technology

[0002] During the inspection, commissioning, and routine maintenance of urban rail transit trains, frequent power outages and re-energization operations of the overhead contact system / rails are required, necessitating work on the roof and side walls, which are high-voltage areas. Traditional interlocking methods, relying primarily on mechanical padlocks, manual registration, and paper operation tickets, have the following significant drawbacks: Key management is inefficient, with a large number of mechanical keys using simple coding systems, making them prone to misuse, duplication, or loss. Operational sequences rely on manual memorization, and paper operation tickets are disconnected from the actual equipment status. Operators rely on experience to unlock keys sequentially, easily leading to skipped or omitted steps, resulting in personal injury and equipment accidents such as connecting grounding wires while the circuit is live or closing circuits with grounding wires connected. Status awareness is lagging; the positions of disconnecting switches, circuit breakers, and handcarts, as well as the status of grounding stakes and voltage detectors, cannot be transmitted in real time, preventing the dispatch center from timely understanding of the on-site operating conditions and creating information silos.

[0003] Maintenance coordination is difficult. When multiple lines and voltage levels are operated in parallel within the same plant, the lack of mandatory interlocking logic often leads to the risk of "maintaining one line while mistakenly energizing an adjacent line." Event traceability is poor. Traditional mechanical locks cannot record "who, when, which equipment, and what operation was performed." Once a misoperation occurs, it can only be investigated afterward, and cannot provide an unalterable electronic log. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an intelligent key system for rail trains to solve the technical problems of traditional interlocking systems that use mechanical padlocks, which have too many mechanical keys, making them difficult to manage and dependent on manual operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: an intelligent key system for rail trains, comprising... Electrical coded locks use electronic coding technology to conditionally lock the closing circuit of the switchgear. The electrical coded lock is unlocked by a matching computer key. The computer key is a handheld operating terminal with a key bar on the top that can be inserted into the lock cylinder of the electrical coded lock. The computer key receives the operation ticket issued by the background system through the communication adapter, receives the wireless base station network signal, communicates bidirectionally with the communication adapter, executes the unlocking command of the coded lock and transmits the operation result back. Communication adapter, wired connection to the back-end system, used as a wireless communication relay between the computer key and the back-end system; Wireless master station / base station, builds a wireless network covering the entire area, and enables stable communication between the computer key and the communication adapter.

[0006] The principle and advantages of this solution are as follows: In practical applications, this solution uses a computer key as the execution terminal and forms a closed loop with the background system, communication adapter, electrical / mechanical coding lock, and key management machine through an industrial-grade Zigbee multi-hop network built by a wireless master station / base station.

[0007] All locks (electric and mechanical coded locks) have a built-in globally unique ID. Authorization is granted once by the backend based on the operation ticket, and the computer key can only open the locks corresponding to the current task, completely eliminating the risk of mistaken key use or duplication. The operation ticket is automatically generated by the backend's five-prevention logic and wirelessly written to the computer key via a communication adapter. The key's fixed locking logic compares the device status in real time; if the conditions are not met, the lock will not be turned to open, forcibly preventing skipped, omitted, or reversed operations.

[0008] The moment each lock opens or closes, the computer key transmits information via wireless module to the backend: "who, when, which device, and what action to perform." Interface icons change in real time, ensuring zero time lag between the dispatch room and the field, eliminating information silos. The system writes multiple professional conditions, such as "isolating switch tripping + grounding stake connection + access door authorization + ladder return to position," into a single electronic ticket. If any condition is not met, the next step is blocked, completely preventing "first-line maintenance leading to accidental energization of adjacent lines." The key management machine, computer key, and backend database synchronously generate an immutable "black box" log, providing a millisecond-level timestamped evidence chain for accident analysis.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the skip key can be physically connected to the computer key and is used to generate a skip sequence code after approval by the background system when the on-site electrical coding lock malfunctions, so as to skip the current operation step; The key management unit, with a cabinet-style structure, is equipped with multiple key slots, an RFID card reader, a combination lock, and a mechanical locking mechanism. It is used to centrally store step keys and synchronize operation logs with the back-end system via Ethernet, realizing full control over key retrieval, return, and timeout alarms.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: when abnormalities such as lock failure or power failure occur on site, the person in charge of the operation submits a skip step application in the background. The system generates a one-time serial code and writes it into the skip step key. After the computer key is inserted into the skip step key, the serial code is read. Only after secondary confirmation by the wireless base station can the current step be skipped. This ensures the continuity of the operation and retains the trace of mandatory approval, thus avoiding the loss of control of "universal skip step".

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, a mechanically coded lock, used to lock physical devices, has a unique mechanical code; The mechanical coded key is equipped with a magnetic coded chip that uniquely matches the mechanical coded lock, and interacts with the key management machine via RFID to record retrieval. The key management machine is also used to store mechanically coded keys and control their retrieval through a back-end system.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the mechanical coded lock and mechanical coded key adopt a dual-factor approach of "physical tooth shape + magnetic coding chip"; the key management machine unlocks the mechanical lock only after identifying the magnetic code through RFID, realizing "one key opens one lock", and records the user and time of use; when returning the key, RFID verification is performed again to ensure that the "key in place" status is transmitted back in real time, completely solving the problems of "fraudulent claims, unauthorized duplication, and long-term occupation" of mechanical keys.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the master key has a highest-level mechanical code that can forcibly unlock the mechanical code lock in the event of a system failure; The key management machine is also used to store master keys and control their retrieval through a back-end system.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the universal key implements "highest authority + highest audit"; special mechanical codes can cover all mechanical locks, but access requires "two people + two factors" (employee card + password) authorization, and the background automatically records the approver, access time, and expected return time; after the operation is completed, it must be returned and marked "emergency use". If it is not returned within the time limit, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered and a notification will be sent to the dispatch desktop. This not only preserves the emergency channel, but also puts "privileges" into the cage of the system.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the computer key is equipped with a microprocessor, a wireless module, a rechargeable lithium battery, a display screen, and physical buttons. The display screen is used to display the current operation ticket content, battery level, and wireless signal strength. The physical buttons are used for ticket browsing, ticket clearing, and confirmation operations, and the operation results are transmitted back to the communication adapter in real time via the wireless module.

[0016] The benefits of this improvement are: the computer key integrates a display screen and physical buttons; it clearly displays the current step sequence, device name, voltage level, remaining battery power, and wireless signal strength; the buttons support "previous / next step, repeat, and clear ticket" operations; and the operation results are transmitted back in real time, truly achieving "operation, recording, and verification simultaneously".

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the communication adapter is provided with multiple charging slots for charging the computer key, and the communication adapter is provided with status indicator lights, including a charging indicator light, a full charge indicator light and a communication indicator light, which are used to indicate the real-time status of the computer key in the corresponding charging slot.

[0018] The benefits of this improvement are: the communication adapter is multi-functional; the dual charging slots are managed independently, and charging is automatic when the key is returned; the indicator lights can easily identify "charging / fully charged / communication failure", reducing dispatch inquiries; and the built-in 2.4 GHz / Ethernet dual-protocol conversion seamlessly integrates wireless multi-hop data into the backbone network, simplifying on-site cabling.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the wireless master station / base station includes a rack-mounted master station and a wall-mounted base station. The rack-mounted master station is deployed in the central control room and connected to a communication adapter via Ethernet. Multiple wall-mounted base stations are installed in a distributed manner to form a chain / star network topology, covering the hybrid substation and static control plant area through a multi-hop network.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the wireless master station / base station adopts a "1 master 18 slave" hybrid networking; the master station is located in the central control room, and the base stations are distributed in a chain + star pattern along the tracks, substations, and climbing ladders, with a single hop line of sight distance of 300 m and multi-hop coverage of 1.2 km of factory buildings; it supports Zigbee 16-channel frequency hopping, and the packet loss rate is <0.1% under the obstruction of metal grilles and train bodies, completely solving the problems of Wi-Fi dead zones and 433 MHz co-channel interference.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, the skip-step key has a built-in skip-step algorithm chip. When it is inserted with the computer key, it generates a unique skip-step sequence code and transmits it back to the background system via a wireless base station for secondary confirmation. Only after successful verification can the abnormal step be skipped and the operation continue.

[0022] The benefits of this improvement are: the step-by-step key has a built-in encryption algorithm chip; the serial number is encrypted with AES-128 and bound to the computer key hardware, and it is automatically invalidated if the secondary verification fails in the background, preventing "copying the step-by-step key" from bypassing the approval; each step-by-step is limited to one step, and the new status still needs to be sent back to continue the operation, ensuring that "step-by-step does not bypass the defense".

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, the universal key adopts a special mechanical coding design, which can cover the original coding of the mechanical coding lock and force the lock tongue to retract. Its use requires dual authorization from the key management machine and records the approver's information. After the operation, it is forcibly returned and marked with an emergency use tag.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the universal key is "authorized once and valid only once"; the mechanical coding adopts a special process, such as the combination of asymmetric milling teeth and rare earth magnetic nails, which cannot be copied by the public; the key management machine records the four-tuple of "approver - operator - device number - unlocking time" to form an electronic file for emergency unlocking; after the key is returned, the system automatically prints an "emergency use label" and affixes it to the shift operation ticket to achieve dual online and offline record keeping.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, each keyhole of the key management machine is equipped with an independent magnetically coded tumbler structure. When the key is inserted, the locking tongue is retracted. When the key is returned, the RFID tag is detected and the key is automatically locked. If the key is not returned within the specified time, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and the abnormality is recorded to the background system.

[0026] The benefits of this improvement are: precise "socket-level" control of the key management machine; each socket has an independent magnetically coded pin, and the electromagnet releases the latch only when RFID verification is successful and the password is correct; RFID verification is performed again at the moment of return, the latch automatically springs back and triggers a "returned" signal; if the key is not returned within the specified time, a local audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the system simultaneously sends a WeChat / SMS message to the responsible person and the dispatch director, ensuring that "the system does not fail to detect when the key is not returned home". Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the computer key structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the communication adapter structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the key management machine according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: computer key 1, communication adapter 2, charging slot 3, status indicator light 4, key management unit 5, step skip key 6, mechanical coded key 7, and master key 8. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation methods: Example The basics are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a smart key system for rail trains includes: Electrical coded locks use electronic coding technology to conditionally lock the "closing" circuit of the switchgear. The electrical coded lock is unlocked by a matching computer key, ensuring the safety of electrical operations.

[0033] Specifically, the electrical coding lock has an embedded switchgear control circuit, and an electrical isolation element, such as a relay contact, is connected in series in the switchgear "closing" circuit to form a dual interlocking logic of "physical lock + electronic verification". The internal contacts of an electrical coded lock require mechanical operation or electronic commands from a computer key to close. The computer key interacts with the backend system via a wireless protocol, such as Zigbee, to verify the operation ticket authorization and equipment status, such as whether it is grounded / energized, before sending an unlock command to close the contacts. The electrical coded lock interacts with the computer key via a wireless protocol and opens / closes the control circuit after receiving the unlock command.

[0034] The electrical coded lock receives equipment status verification signals, such as grounding / voltage detection, transmitted by the back-end system via a wireless base station, and executes the on / off control of the control loop.

[0035] The computer key, a handheld operating terminal, receives operation tickets issued by the back-end system via a communication adapter, executes unlocking commands for mechanical / electric coded locks, and supports wireless remote ticket transmission, operation ticket feedback, and skip-step authorization functions. The computer key receives wireless base station network signals, communicates bidirectionally with the communication adapter, directly operates the lock, and transmits the operation results back.

[0036] The communication adapter serves as a wireless communication relay between the back-end system and the computer key, undertaking the functions of transmitting operation tickets, transmitting results, and managing key charging.

[0037] The communication adapter is wired to the back-end control system. Each communication adapter supports two charging docks, interconnects with the wireless master station via Ethernet, and wirelessly connects to the computer key.

[0038] The wireless master station / base station constructs a full-area wireless network, enabling stable communication between the computer key and the communication adapter, and supporting multi-hop network coverage. The master station is deployed in the central control room and connected to the communication adapter via Ethernet; multiple base stations are installed in a distributed manner to form a chain / star network topology, covering areas such as hybrid substations and static control plants.

[0039] The skip-step key is used to skip the current operation steps after approval from the back-end system in case of an electrical coded lock malfunction on site, ensuring operational continuity. It physically connects to the computer key, generates a skip-step sequence code through a built-in algorithm, and transmits it back to the back-end system for verification via a wireless base station.

[0040] Mechanical coded locks are used to lock physical equipment such as high-voltage switchgear doors, gates, and ladders. They achieve physical isolation and protection by matching a unique mechanical code with a corresponding key. The lock is directly inserted into the mechanical coded key, and the bolt action is triggered by the physical code matching. It also interacts with a key management unit via RFID / Ethernet to retrieve usage records, synchronizing operation logs to the backend system in real time.

[0041] Mechanically coded keys are used to lock physical equipment such as high-voltage cabinet doors and gates, achieving unique matching through unique magnetic coding technology. They are directly inserted into the corresponding mechanically coded lock, and locking / unlocking is completed through physical coding, interacting with the key management machine to record usage. Alternatively, they interact with the key management machine via RFID tags to record usage, and are forcibly returned after operation with a record remaining. Operation status is transmitted back to the backend via a wireless module, supporting electronic management of operation tickets.

[0042] A master key, used to forcibly unlock designated mechanical coded locks after approval by a leader in case of system failure, possesses the highest level of operational authority. It is physically stored in the key management machine's jack and requires authorization from the machine for retrieval. After use, it is forcibly returned and a record is kept.

[0043] The key management unit is used to centrally manage master keys, step keys, and mechanical keys, recording the entire authorized retrieval / return process and physically securing the keys via mechanical locking mechanisms. It is wired to a backend system, synchronizing operation logs via Ethernet and physically integrated with the keyhole, supporting dual authorization via RFID / combination lock. When an operator requests access, the system verifies authorization and triggers the corresponding mechanical locking mechanism to unlock, recording the retrieval time and operator information.

[0044] further, The electrical coded lock adopts a modular design and incorporates a microprocessor, a code recognition chip, a wireless communication module, and a mechanical locking mechanism to prevent misoperation.

[0045] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the computer key 1 integrates a microprocessor, display screen, physical buttons, wireless module, and shockproof shell. It has a built-in rechargeable lithium battery. The display screen shows the ticket instructions, and physical buttons are located below the screen for basic operations. The top of the computer key 1 has a key bar for inserting the lock cylinder.

[0046] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the communication adapter 2 adopts an industrial-grade design, with a built-in dual-mode communication module supporting Ethernet. The top of the communication adapter has two charging slots 3, into which the computer key 1 is inserted for charging. The communication adapter 2 also has status indicator lights 4, which display the status of the computer key 1 in the two charging slots 3, including a charging indicator, a full charge indicator, and a communication indicator. The corresponding indicator light illuminating indicates the current status of the computer key.

[0047] The wireless master station / base station features a rack-mount design, integrating a gigabit Ethernet port, wireless module, and power management unit; the base station is wall-mounted and includes a built-in high-gain antenna and lightning protection module.

[0048] The master key uses a special mechanical coding design, a modular design for skip-step keys, and integrates a skip-step algorithm chip. The mechanically coded key is made of high-strength stainless steel and has a built-in magnetic coding chip.

[0049] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the key management unit 5 is a cabinet-style design with a built-in authorization identification module, operation log storage unit, and mechanical locking mechanism. It has a storage capacity of 8 key slots for a step-by-step key 6, a mechanically coded key 7, and a master key 8. It supports RFID tag identification and operation log storage. When the cabinet door is closed, it forms a fully enclosed space with a built-in anti-pry latch and sealing strip to prevent unauthorized opening and the intrusion of dust and moisture. The cabinet door surface integrates a dual authorization module of RFID card reader and combination lock; the mechanical locking mechanism can only unlock the cabinet door after verification by employee card and password.

[0050] The cabinet has eight keyholes arranged symmetrically in two rows. The top row has two slots for step-by-step keys and two slots for universal keys, while the bottom row has four slots for mechanically coded keys. Each keyhole is labeled with a unique number and key type identifier for easy and quick location.

[0051] Each key slot has a built-in independent mechanical coded lock with a magnetic coded tumbler structure. Inserting the key triggers the bolt to retract. In the locked state, the bolt automatically springs back to lock the key handle, preventing it from falling out. When the key is returned, the system detects the key's RFID tag, the mechanical locking mechanism automatically engages, and the system updates the status to "returned" in the background. If the key is not returned within the specified time, the system triggers an alarm and records the anomaly.

[0052] The usage method of the smart key system for rail trains is as follows: The process involves applying for and issuing work orders. Workers submit their work orders to the dispatch console, specifying the work content, area, and safety requirements. Dispatchers issue electronic work orders, which are then synchronized to the communication adapter via Ethernet and finally wirelessly transmitted to the computer key.

[0053] The computer key display screen shows the operation ticket content, battery level, and signal strength in real time. Physical buttons support ticket browsing and clearing operations. The communication adapter charging slot indicator light shows the key status (charging / fully charged / communication normal), ensuring the device is operable.

[0054] The operator arrives at the site with a computer key, inserts it into the electro-coded lock cylinder, and triggers the bolt action via magnetic coding / electronic commands. The electro-coded lock connects / disconnects the control circuit through relay contacts, and the computer key transmits the operation status back to the backend in real time. After verifying the equipment status, the lock is unlocked.

[0055] The wireless base station ensures stable signal coverage. The main station interacts with the backend system in real time via a gigabit network port, supporting multi-hop network coverage of areas such as static adjustment plants and substations.

[0056] After the operation is completed, the computer key transmits the operation result (success / failure, timestamp) back via the wireless module, the background updates the device status icon and synchronizes it to the log system, and then returns the computer key to the charging slot of the communication adapter.

[0057] When a lock malfunctions on-site, the operator requests a skip-step authorization. The dispatcher generates a skip-step sequence code via the key management machine. The operator verifies their identity at the key management machine, which unlocks the corresponding skip-step key. The operator retrieves the skip-step key, and the key management machine records the key information, operator information, and a timestamp. The computer key and skip-step key are physically connected. After verification by the wireless base station, the current step is skipped, and the operation continues.

[0058] Skipping steps requires secondary confirmation from the backend, and the cause of the abnormality and the handling process are recorded to ensure the continuity of the operation.

[0059] After the operation is completed, return the key to the key management machine on time. The key management machine records the information of the person returning the key, the timestamp, and verifies the key information.

[0060] When a mechanical coded key is required for unlocking, the operator obtains authorization through an application and verifies the corresponding mechanical key using a key management machine. The operator inserts the mechanical coded key into the lock cylinder of the corresponding lock, and the magnetic coding teeth of the key precisely engage with the grooves / protrusions inside the lock cylinder. The coded identification chip built into the lock cylinder verifies the uniqueness of the key through physical contact, and triggers the bolt release mechanism upon successful matching.

[0061] After the code is matched, a miniature motor or spring inside the lock cylinder drives the bolt to retract, completing the unlocking process. The key management unit records the unlocking time, location, and operator information in real time via RFID tags, and synchronizes this information to the background log system.

[0062] In the event of a system malfunction, the operator submits an emergency unlocking request. After approval by the backend system, the master key is retrieved through the key management machine. The key management machine verifies the operator's permissions, records the retrieval time and approver information, and triggers the mechanical locking mechanism to unlock.

[0063] When a master key is inserted into the target mechanically coded lock, its unique mechanical code overrides the original code on the lock cylinder, forcibly retracting the bolt. During the unlocking process, the key management unit records the operation trajectory in real time, including the unlocking duration and lock number, and generates an audit log. After the operation is completed, the key is forcibly returned to the management unit's jack, and the system automatically marks it with an "emergency use" label to ensure traceability.

[0064] The key records operation steps, timestamps, and results in real time, and sends them back to the backend for synchronized storage with the system logs, supporting post-event traceability. The system sets a maximum usage time for the key; failure to return the key within this timeframe triggers an alarm, prompting dispatch personnel to intervene. Advance application is required for delayed return, with the reason recorded and the system status updated to prevent key misuse.

[0065] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model. Commonly known technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solution of this utility model. These modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A smart key system for rail trains, characterized in that, include Electrical coded locks use electronic coding technology to conditionally lock the closing circuit of the switchgear. The electrical coded lock is unlocked by a matching computer key. The computer key is a handheld operating terminal with a key bar on the top that can be inserted into the lock cylinder of the electrical coded lock. The computer key receives the operation ticket issued by the background system through the communication adapter, receives the wireless base station network signal, communicates bidirectionally with the communication adapter, executes the unlocking command of the coded lock and transmits the operation result back. Communication adapter, wired connection to the back-end system, used as a wireless communication relay between the computer key and the back-end system; Wireless master station / base station, builds a wireless network covering the entire area, and enables stable communication between the computer key and the communication adapter.

2. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skip key can be physically connected to the computer key and is used to generate a skip sequence code after approval by the background system when the electrical coding lock is abnormal on site, so as to skip the current operation step; The key management unit, with a cabinet-style structure, is equipped with multiple key slots, an RFID card reader, a combination lock, and a mechanical locking mechanism. It is used to centrally store step keys and synchronize operation logs with the back-end system via Ethernet, realizing full control over key retrieval, return, and timeout alarms.

3. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 2, characterized in that: Mechanical coded locks are used to lock physical devices and have a unique mechanical code. The mechanical coded key is equipped with a magnetic coded chip that uniquely matches the mechanical coded lock, and interacts with the key management machine via RFID to record retrieval. The key management machine is also used to store mechanically coded keys and control their retrieval through a back-end system.

4. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 3, characterized in that: The master key, with the highest-level mechanical code, can forcibly unlock the mechanical code lock in the event of a system failure; The key management machine is also used to store master keys and control their retrieval through a back-end system.

5. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The computer key is equipped with a microprocessor, a wireless module, a rechargeable lithium battery, a display screen, and physical buttons. The display screen is used to show the current operation ticket content, battery level, and wireless signal strength. The physical buttons are used for ticket browsing, ticket clearing, and confirmation operations, and the operation results are transmitted back to the communication adapter in real time via the wireless module.

6. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication adapter has multiple charging slots for charging the computer key. The communication adapter is equipped with status indicator lights, including a charging indicator light, a full charge indicator light, and a communication indicator light, which are used to indicate the real-time status of the computer key in the corresponding charging slot.

7. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wireless master station / base station includes rack-mounted master stations and wall-mounted base stations. The rack-mounted master station is deployed in the central control room and connected to the communication adapter via Ethernet. Multiple wall-mounted base stations are installed in a distributed manner to form a chain / star network topology, which covers the hybrid substation and static control plant area through a multi-hop network.

8. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 7, characterized in that: The skip-step key has a built-in skip-step algorithm chip. When it is inserted with the computer key, it generates a unique skip-step sequence code and transmits it back to the background system via a wireless base station for secondary confirmation. Only after successful verification can the abnormal steps be skipped and the operation continue.

9. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 8, characterized in that: The universal key adopts a special mechanical coding design, which can cover the original coding of the mechanical coding lock and force the lock tongue to retract. Its use requires dual authorization from the key management machine and the approval information is recorded. After the operation, it is forcibly returned and marked with an emergency use tag.

10. The smart key system for rail trains according to claim 9, characterized in that: Each keyhole of the key management machine is equipped with an independent magnetically coded tumbler structure. When the key is inserted, it triggers the bolt to retract. When the key is returned, it is automatically locked by detecting the RFID tag. If the key is not returned within the time limit, it triggers an audible and visual alarm and records the abnormality to the background system.

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