Hybrid structure and fuel cell system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of mixed structure and fuel cell system.Mixed structure includes mixed body and gas distribution module.Mixed body is equipped with mixing channel and liquid discharge channel.The inner side wall of mixing channel is equipped with liquid blocking flow guide part.Gas distribution module is installed in mixing channel, and located in the upstream of liquid blocking flow guide part.The gas distribution module of the application can divide mixed gas into two ways: the second way gas spirally flows along the inner side wall of mixing channel, preliminarily separates liquid with larger density by centrifugal force, and enhances gas mixing;The first way gas diverges towards the inner side wall, collides with the second way to produce turbulent flow, promotes gas to mix fully, and breaks liquid mass into finer droplets.Liquid that fails to be atomized is blocked by liquid blocking flow guide part, gathered and then directed to liquid discharge channel for directional discharge, reduces the risk of liquid entering the stack, improves the reliability and service life of fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of gas mixing technology, and in particular to a hybrid structure and fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems require a continuous flow of hydrogen to the anode side to participate in the electrochemical reaction. To improve hydrogen utilization, an ejector is commonly used to mix unreacted hydrogen at the stack outlet with fresh hydrogen before recirculating it to the stack inlet. However, the gas at the stack outlet contains water vapor generated in the reaction, which partially condenses in the circulation pipeline due to the decrease in temperature, forming liquid water. When this gas-liquid two-phase flow enters the stack directly without effective treatment (especially in stacks using parallel flow channels), the liquid water easily accumulates in the bipolar plate flow channels of the power generation unit near the stack inlet, leading to localized flow channel blockage. This, in turn, causes insufficient supply of reactant gas in that area, resulting in fluctuations in battery performance, a decrease in output voltage, and reduced efficiency. Long-term operation may even accelerate membrane electrode degradation and affect system lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hybrid structure and fuel cell system to address the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a hybrid structure is provided, including:

[0006] The mixing body has a mixing channel and a drain channel extending to the inner wall of the mixing channel. The inner wall of the mixing channel is provided with a liquid-blocking and guiding part, which is used to collect liquid and guide the liquid to the drain channel.

[0007] The gas-distributing and guiding module is installed inside the mixing channel and is located upstream of the liquid-blocking guide part along the flow direction of the mixed gas in the mixing channel. The gas-distributing and guiding module has a divergence channel and at least one spiral channel. Each of the spiral channels is spaced apart around the axis of the divergence channel and is located outside the divergence channel. The gas-distributing and guiding module is used to divide the mixed gas into a first gas and a second gas. The first gas diverges and flows toward the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of the divergence channel, and the second gas spirals along the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of each of the spiral channels.

[0008] The technical solution will be further explained below:

[0009] In one embodiment, the gas distribution and guiding module includes a gas distribution body, a diverging guiding section, and a spiral guiding section. The gas distribution body has a gas distribution through hole extending axially along the mixing channel and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The gas distribution through hole has a first gas outlet end. The diverging guiding section is installed at the first gas outlet end and surrounds the inner sidewall of the first gas outlet end to form the diverging channel. The spiral guiding section is installed between the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel, and surrounds the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel to form each of the spiral channels.

[0010] In one embodiment, the spiral guide portion includes at least one spiral guide blade, and each of the spiral guide blades is spaced apart around the axis of the gas separator body between the outer side wall of the gas separator body and the inner side wall of the mixing channel.

[0011] In one embodiment, the mixing body, the gas separating body, the diverging guide section, and the spiral guide section are all integrally formed.

[0012] In one embodiment, the diverging and guiding part includes a guiding body and a connecting body. The guiding body is installed inside the first air outlet and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the first air outlet. The outer sidewall of the guiding body is provided with a first guiding surface inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The inner sidewall of the first air outlet is provided with a second guiding surface inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The connecting body is fixedly connected to both the guiding body and the air separating body, so that the first guiding surface and the second guiding surface are spaced apart to form the diverging channel.

[0013] In one embodiment, the flow guiding body is configured as a flow guiding cone, and the tip of the flow guiding cone is located on the side of the flow guiding cone opposite to the liquid blocking and flow guiding part.

[0014] In one embodiment, the liquid-blocking guide portion is configured as an annular boss, which is coaxially arranged with the gas-distributing guide module. The liquid discharge channel includes a liquid-gathering tank and a liquid discharge hole. The liquid-gathering tank is located on the side of the annular boss near the gas-distributing guide module. One side of the liquid-gathering tank extends to the inner wall of the mixing channel. The liquid discharge hole communicates with the bottom of the liquid-gathering tank.

[0015] In one embodiment, the sidewalls of the liquid collection tank along the circumferential sides of the annular boss are respectively configured as a first sidewall and a second sidewall. The first sidewall and the second sidewall extend to opposite sides of the drain hole and are both used to guide the liquid in the liquid collection tank to the drain hole.

[0016] In one embodiment, the mixing channel has a first air inlet and a second air outlet, the outline shape of the second air outlet being adapted to the outline shape of the feed end of the fuel cell stack, and the outer side wall of the first air inlet having a connecting portion for connecting to an air pipe.

[0017] On the other hand, a fuel cell system is provided, including a fuel cell stack, an ejector, and the aforementioned mixing structure. The mixing channel has a second outlet and a first inlet. The fuel cell stack has a feed end and a discharge end. The mixing structure is mounted on the fuel cell stack to connect the second outlet and the feed end. The ejector has a second inlet, a third inlet, and a third outlet that are interconnected. The second inlet is connected to the discharge end to deliver unreacted recirculated fuel gas from the fuel cell stack. The third inlet is used to deliver supplementary fuel gas. The third outlet is connected to the first inlet.

[0018] In the above embodiments, the hybrid structure and fuel cell system, when in use, introduces a mixed gas into a mixing channel. The mixed gas first contacts the gas distribution and guiding module, and is divided into a first gas and a second gas by the gas distribution and guiding module. The second gas flows spirally along the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of the spiral channel, generating centrifugal force. This centrifugal force initially throws the denser liquid in the second gas onto the inner wall of the mixing channel, thereby achieving gas-liquid separation and enhancing the gas mixing effect of the second gas. At the same time, the first gas located inside the second gas is diverged towards the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of the divergence channel, causing the first gas and the second gas to converge and collide in the mixing channel to generate turbulence. This achieves rapid and thorough mixing of the mixed gas, ensuring that the gas concentration of the mixed gas discharged from the mixing channel is uniform. Moreover, the turbulence has a strong shearing and breaking effect on liquid clumps, which can break larger liquid clumps into finer mists for subsequent processing and carry-out with the mixed gas. Furthermore, after turbulent atomization, un-atomized liquid clumps and water films gathered on the inner wall of the mixing channel by centrifugal force will encounter the liquid-blocking guide section under the influence of the mixed gas. This guide section effectively prevents the liquid clumps and water films from flowing out of the mixing channel, and then guides them to the drain channel for directional discharge. This significantly reduces the risk of liquid entering and accumulating within the fuel cell stack, ensuring the stability, consistency, and lifespan of the stack operation, and improving the practicality of the hybrid structure. In addition, integrating gas mixing and liquid guiding functions into the mixing body results in a highly compact structure. The smooth design of the mixing channel avoids the use of easily clogged porous media, resulting in low flow resistance, low pressure drop, and minimal impact on ejector operation, thus improving the reliability and lifespan of the fuel cell system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hybrid structure according to one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hybrid structure from another perspective.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the hybrid structure.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system according to one embodiment.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 1. Fuel cell system; 10. Hybrid structure; 100. Hybrid body; 110. Hybrid channel; 111. First air inlet; 112. Second air outlet; 120. Drainage channel; 121. Liquid collection tank; 122. Drainage hole; 130. Liquid baffle and guide section; 131. Annular boss; 140. Connecting part; 200. Gas distribution and guide module; 210. Diverging channel; 220. Spiral channel; 23. 0. Gas distribution body; 231. Gas distribution through hole; 232. Second guide surface; 240. Diverging guide section; 241. Guide body; 242. Connecting body; 243. First guide surface; 250. Spiral guide section; 251. Spiral guide blade; 20. Fuel cell stack; 21. Feed end; 22. Discharge end; 30. Ejector; 31. Second air inlet end; 32. Third air inlet end; 33. Third air outlet end. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0028] When a gas-liquid two-phase flow enters the fuel cell stack (especially in stacks with parallel flow channels) without effective treatment, liquid water easily accumulates in the bipolar plate flow channels of the power generation unit near the stack inlet, leading to local flow channel blockage. This, in turn, causes insufficient supply of reactant gas in that area, resulting in battery performance fluctuations, output voltage drops, and efficiency reductions. Long-term operation may even accelerate membrane electrode degradation and affect system lifespan. The inventors conducted research and analysis and found that existing technologies typically employ two solutions to address this issue: one is to add an independent gas-liquid separator between the ejector and the fuel cell stack, but this solution increases system complexity, space requirements, and pipeline pressure drop; the other is to optimize the design of the fuel cell stack inlet flow channel, such as by setting guide blocks or changing the flow channel shape (specifically, adding porous media at the ground anode inlet to achieve flow uniformity, but this carries the risk of easy blockage and large pressure drop). However, this method has poor compatibility with existing fuel cell stacks and often struggles to balance mixing effects and moisture management. Overall, existing technologies lack a solution that can fully mix hydrogen, effectively break it up and guide liquid water, and has a compact structure that can be directly integrated with fuel cell stacks.

[0029] Based on this, the hybrid structure 10 and fuel cell system 1 of the following embodiments of this application are proposed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, a mixing structure 10 is provided, including a mixing body 100 and a gas distribution and guiding module 200. The mixing body 100 has a mixing channel 110 and a drain channel 120 extending to the inner wall of the mixing channel 110. The inner wall of the mixing channel 110 has a liquid-blocking and guiding portion 130, which collects liquid and guides it to the drain channel 120. The gas distribution and guiding module 200 is installed within the mixing channel 110 and is located upstream of the liquid-blocking and guiding portion 130 along the flow direction of the mixed gas within the mixing channel 110. The gas distribution and guiding module 200 has a divergence channel 210 and at least one spiral channel 220. Each spiral channel 220 is spaced apart around the axis of the divergence channel 210 and is located outside the divergence channel 210. The gas distribution and guiding module 200 is used to divide the mixed gas into a first gas and a second gas. The first gas is guided by the divergence channel 210 and flows towards the inner wall of the mixing channel 110. The second gas is guided by the spiral channels 220 and flows spirally along the inner wall of the mixing channel 110.

[0031] In the above embodiment, the mixing structure 10, when in use, introduces the mixed gas into the mixing channel 110. The mixed gas first contacts the gas distribution and guiding module 200 and is divided into a first gas and a second gas by the gas distribution and guiding module 200. The second gas flows spirally along the inner wall of the mixing channel 110 under the guidance of the spiral channel 220 and generates centrifugal force. This centrifugal force initially throws the denser liquid in the second gas onto the inner wall of the mixing channel 110 to achieve gas-liquid separation and enhance the gas mixing effect of the second gas. At the same time, the first gas located inside the second gas is diverged towards the inner wall of the mixing channel 110 under the guidance of the divergence channel 210, so that the first gas and the second gas collide and generate turbulence in the mixing channel 110. This achieves rapid and thorough mixing of the mixed gas, ensuring that the gas concentration of the mixed gas discharged from the mixing channel 110 is uniform. Moreover, the turbulence has a strong shearing and breaking effect on the liquid clumps, which can break larger liquid clumps into finer mists for subsequent processing and carry-out with the mixed gas. Furthermore, after turbulent atomization, the un-atomized liquid clumps and the water film gathered on the inner wall of the mixing channel 110 by centrifugal force will encounter the liquid-blocking guide section 130 under the influence of the mixed gas. The liquid-blocking guide section 130 effectively prevents the liquid clumps and water film from flowing out of the mixing channel 110, and guides them to the drain channel 120 after they are gathered. Then, they are discharged directionally through the drain channel 120, which greatly reduces the risk of liquid entering and accumulating in the fuel cell stack 20, ensuring the stability, consistency and lifespan of the fuel cell stack 20, and improving the practicality of the mixing structure 10. In addition, the gas mixing function and liquid guiding function are integrated into the mixing body 100, resulting in a highly compact structure. The mixing channel 110 of the mixing body 100 is designed to be smooth, avoiding the use of porous media that are prone to clogging. It has low flow resistance and low pressure drop, which has little impact on the operation of the ejector 30, thus improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0032] like Figure 3As shown, the gas distribution and guiding module 200 further includes a gas distribution body 230, a diverging guiding section 240, and a spiral guiding section 250. The gas distribution body 230 is provided with a gas distribution through hole 231 extending axially along the mixing channel 110, and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110. The gas distribution through hole 231 has a first gas outlet end. The diverging guiding section 240 is installed at the first gas outlet end and surrounds the inner sidewall of the first gas outlet end to form the diverging channel 210. The spiral guiding section 250 is installed between the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body 230 and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110, and surrounds the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body 230 and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110 to form each of the spiral channels 220. Thus, when the mixed gas flows through the gas separator 230, the gas separator 230 automatically divides the mixed gas into a first gas and a second gas. The divergent guide section 240 guides the first gas, causing it to diverge and flow toward the inner wall of the mixing channel 110. The spiral guide section 250 guides the second gas, causing it to spiral along the inner wall of the mixing channel 110. This achieves a multi-stage synergistic effect of centrifugal gas-liquid separation, turbulent breaking of liquid clumps, the blocking guide section 130 blocking and guiding the converged liquid clumps and water film, and the directional drainage of liquid through the drainage channel 120, thereby improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the spiral guide section 250 includes at least one spiral guide blade 251, and each of the spiral guide blades 251 is spaced apart around the axis of the gas distributor 230 between the outer wall of the gas distributor 230 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 110. In this way, each spiral guide blade 251 can guide the second gas to form multiple spiral airflows, ensuring that the second gas can flow spirally along the inner wall of the mixing channel 110, thus improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, two adjacent spiral guide vanes 251 can enclose the spiral channel 220 with the inner wall of the mixing channel 110 and the outer wall of the gas distribution body 230.

[0035] In other embodiments, the helical guide vane 251 may also be replaced with a helical guide rib or other helical guide structure.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the mixing body 100, the gas separating body 230, the diverging guide section 240, and the spiral guide section 250 are all integrally formed. Thus, the mixing structure 10 is an integral structure, employing a mechanical guide method with no moving parts, ensuring reliable operation and good durability.

[0037] Specifically in this embodiment, the hybrid structure 10 can be made of engineering plastics (such as PPS, PEEK) or corrosion-resistant metals (such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy surface treatment) and can be manufactured by injection molding, metal die casting or 3D printing (additive manufacturing) processes.

[0038] It should be noted that the material selection for the hybrid structure 10 depends on its operating temperature, pressure, and hydrogen embrittlement resistance requirements. The dimensions of the hybrid structure 10 can be flexibly adjusted according to the flow rate and pressure drop requirements of the fuel cell stack 20.

[0039] In other embodiments, the mixing structure 10 can also be a split structure. That is, after the mixing body 100 and the gas distribution and guiding module 200 are respectively processed and formed, the gas distribution and guiding module 200 is installed in the mixing channel 110 by snap-fit, screw-fit, plug-in or other detachable connection methods.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the diverging and guiding section 240 includes a guiding body 241 and a connecting body 242. The guiding body 241 is installed inside the first air outlet end and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the first air outlet end. The outer sidewall of the guiding body 241 is provided with a first guiding surface 243 inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110. The inner sidewall of the first air outlet end is provided with a second guiding surface 232 inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110. The connecting body 242 is fixedly connected to both the guiding body 241 and the air separating body 230, so that the first guiding surface 243 and the second guiding surface 232 are spaced apart to form the diverging channel 210. In this way, both the first guide surface 243 and the second guide surface 232 can guide the first gas, ensuring that the first gas flowing out from between the first guide surface 243 and the second guide surface 232 diverges radially toward the inner wall of the mixing channel 110, thereby ensuring that the first gas and the second gas collide to form turbulence and improve the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the gas distribution body 230 and the mixing body 100 are coaxially arranged. The gas distribution through-hole 231 and the mixing channel 110 are coaxially arranged. The first guide surface 243 and the second guide surface 232 are correspondingly coaxially arranged. Both the first guide surface 243 and the second guide surface 232 extend to the end face of the guide body 241 and the end face of the gas distribution body 230, respectively.

[0042] The connecting body 242 can be configured as a connecting strip, connecting plate, or other connecting structure. The number of connecting bodies 242 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual usage needs. Specifically, in this embodiment, there is at least one connecting body 242, and each connecting body 242 is located between the first guide surface 243 and the second guide surface 232, and is spaced apart around the axis of the guide body 241, so that the divergence channel 210 is separated by each connecting body 242 to form a multi-segment structure.

[0043] Optionally, the guide body 241 is configured as a guide cone, with the tip of the guide cone located on the side of the guide cone opposite to the liquid-blocking guide portion 130. Thus, when the first gas flows through the first outlet, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first gas gradually decreases, increasing the flow velocity of the first gas and thus increasing the collision degree between the first and second gases, thereby improving the gas mixing effect and the liquid fragmentation effect of the mixing structure 10.

[0044] In other embodiments, the flow guide body 241 may also be configured as a flow guide pyramid.

[0045] The liquid-blocking and guiding section 130 can be configured as a liquid-blocking and guiding ramp, a liquid-blocking and guiding rib, or other structure capable of blocking liquid and guiding it to the drainage channel. The drainage channel 120 can be configured as any of the existing structures capable of directionally discharging liquid from the mixing channel 110, such as a single-channel drainage structure or a porous array drainage structure.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the liquid-blocking guide portion 130 is configured as an annular boss 131, which is coaxially arranged with the gas distribution guide module 200. The liquid drainage channel 120 includes a liquid collection tank 121 and a liquid drainage hole 122. The liquid collection tank 121 is located on the side of the annular boss 131 near the gas distribution guide module 200, and one side of the liquid collection tank 121 extends to the inner sidewall of the mixing channel 110. The liquid drainage hole 122 communicates with the bottom of the liquid collection tank 121. Thus, when the mixing body 100 is installed, the liquid drainage hole 122 is located at the bottom of the mixing body 100. The liquid clumps and water films blocked by the annular boss 131 will converge along the sidewall of the annular boss 131 and flow to the liquid drainage hole 122 under the action of airflow and gravity. The liquid drainage hole 122 will discharge the converged liquid in a directional manner, completely preventing it from entering the fuel cell stack 20 and affecting power generation, thereby improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0047] The liquid collection tank 121 can be arranged in annular, grooved, or other shapes. In other embodiments, the liquid collection tank 121 can also be replaced with guide ribs or tiny inclined planes. The drain hole 122 can also be replaced with a micro water collection cavity, and the liquid can be actively discharged by capillary material or pressure differential ejection.

[0048] Optionally, the sidewalls of the liquid collection tank 121 along the circumferential sides of the annular boss 131 are respectively configured as a first sidewall and a second sidewall. The first sidewall and the second sidewall extend to opposite sides of the drain hole 122, and both are used to guide the liquid in the liquid collection tank 121 to the drain hole 122. In this way, the first sidewall and the second sidewall can play a guiding role, ensuring that the liquid in the liquid collection tank 121 is discharged through the drain hole 122 in a timely manner, thereby improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the mixing channel 110 has a first inlet end 111 and a second outlet end 112. The outline shape of the second outlet end 112 is adapted to the outline shape of the feed end 21 of the fuel cell stack 20. The outer side wall of the first inlet end 111 is provided with a connecting portion 140 for connecting to a gas pipe. In this way, the mixing body 100 can be directly installed on the fuel cell stack 20, eliminating the need for additional separators and connecting pipelines, simplifying the system architecture, reducing cost, weight, and space occupation, which is particularly beneficial for space-constrained applications and improves the practicality of the mixing structure 10. At the same time, the outline shape of the second outlet end 112 is adapted to the outline shape of the feed end 21 of the fuel cell stack 20, ensuring that the mixed gas can smoothly enter the fuel cell stack 20, improving the reliability of the mixing structure 10. In addition, the connecting portion 140 at the first inlet end 111 can directly sleeve and fasten the gas pipe for communicating with the ejector 30, which is reliable and easy to install, improving the practicality of the mixing structure 10.

[0050] The connecting part 140 can be configured as a connecting pagoda head, threaded connection port, quick-connect fitting, connecting flange, or other structure capable of quick and reliable connection with the air pipe. The shape of the second air outlet 112 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual usage needs. Specifically, in this embodiment, the shape of the second air outlet 112 is rectangular. In other embodiments, the shape of the second air outlet 112 can also be circular, elliptical, or other varied shapes.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, a flange is provided at one end of the hybrid body 100 near the second outlet end 112, and the flange is used to fix the end plate of the fuel cell stack 20.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, a fuel cell system 1 is also provided, including a fuel cell stack 20, an ejector 30, and a mixing structure 10 as described in any of the above embodiments. The mixing channel 110 has a second outlet 112 and a first inlet 111. The fuel cell stack 20 has a feed end 21 and a discharge end 22. The mixing structure 10 is mounted on the fuel cell stack 20 to connect the second outlet 112 and the feed end 21. The ejector 30 has a second inlet 31, a third inlet 32, and a third outlet 33 that are interconnected. The second inlet 31 is connected to the discharge end 22 to deliver unreacted recirculated fuel gas from the fuel cell stack 20. The third inlet 32 ​​is used to deliver supplementary fuel gas. The third outlet 33 is connected to the first inlet 111. In this way, the ejector 30 can mix the fresh supplementary gas supplied from the outside with the unreacted reflux gas at the discharge end 22 of the fuel cell stack 20 and transport it into the mixing structure 10. The mixing structure 10 then thoroughly mixes the unreacted reflux gas and the fresh supplementary gas and separates the liquid in the mixed gas before transporting the mixed gas back into the fuel cell stack 20. This improves the gas utilization rate and prevents local flow channel blockage caused by liquid accumulation inside the fuel cell stack 20, thereby improving the power generation efficiency, operational stability and service life of the fuel cell system 1.

[0053] In this specific embodiment, the gas can be hydrogen.

[0054] It should be noted that this application uses the application of the hybrid structure 10 in a fuel cell system 1 as an example for illustration. The hybrid structure 10 can also be applied to other devices that require mixing gases and separating liquids from the mixed gases.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0056] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0059] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0060] It should also be understood that, in interpreting the connection or positional relationships of components, although not explicitly described, connection and positional relationships are interpreted to include a range of error, which should be within the acceptable deviation range of a specific value as determined by a person skilled in the art. For example, "approximately," "about," or "substantially" can mean within one or more standard deviations, without limitation herein.

[0061] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0062] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid structure, characterized in that, include: The mixing body has a mixing channel and a drain channel extending to the inner wall of the mixing channel. The inner wall of the mixing channel is provided with a liquid-blocking and guiding part, which is used to collect liquid and guide the liquid to the drain channel. The gas-distributing and guiding module is installed inside the mixing channel and is located upstream of the liquid-blocking guide part along the flow direction of the mixed gas in the mixing channel. The gas-distributing and guiding module has a divergence channel and at least one spiral channel. Each of the spiral channels is spaced apart around the axis of the divergence channel and is located outside the divergence channel. The gas-distributing and guiding module is used to divide the mixed gas into a first gas and a second gas. The first gas diverges and flows toward the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of the divergence channel, and the second gas spirals along the inner wall of the mixing channel under the guidance of each of the spiral channels.

2. The hybrid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas distribution and guiding module includes a gas distribution body, a diverging guiding section, and a spiral guiding section. The gas distribution body has a gas distribution through hole extending axially along the mixing channel and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The gas distribution through hole has a first gas outlet end. The diverging guiding section is installed at the first gas outlet end and surrounds the inner sidewall of the first gas outlet end to form the diverging channel. The spiral guiding section is installed between the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel and surrounds the outer sidewall of the gas distribution body and the inner sidewall of the mixing channel to form each of the spiral channels.

3. The hybrid structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spiral guide section includes at least one spiral guide blade, and each of the spiral guide blades is installed at intervals around the axis of the gas separator body between the outer side wall of the gas separator body and the inner side wall of the mixing channel.

4. The hybrid structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mixing body, the gas separating body, the diverging guide section, and the spiral guide section are all integrally formed.

5. The hybrid structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diverging and guiding part includes a guiding body and a connecting body. The guiding body is installed inside the first air outlet and is spaced apart from the inner sidewall of the first air outlet. The outer sidewall of the guiding body is provided with a first guiding surface that is inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The inner sidewall of the first air outlet is provided with a second guiding surface that is inclined toward the inner sidewall of the mixing channel. The connecting body is fixedly connected to both the guiding body and the air separating body, so that the first guiding surface and the second guiding surface are spaced apart to form the diverging channel.

6. The hybrid structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flow guiding body is configured as a flow guiding cone, and the tip of the flow guiding cone is located on the side of the flow guiding cone opposite to the liquid blocking and flow guiding part.

7. The hybrid structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The liquid-blocking guide part is configured as an annular boss, which is coaxially arranged with the gas-distributing guide module. The liquid discharge channel includes a liquid-gathering tank and a liquid discharge hole. The liquid-gathering tank is located on the side of the annular boss near the gas-distributing guide module. One side of the liquid-gathering tank extends to the inner wall of the mixing channel. The liquid discharge hole is connected to the bottom of the liquid-gathering tank.

8. The hybrid structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The liquid pool is provided with a first sidewall and a second sidewall on the two circumferential sides of the annular boss. The first sidewall and the second sidewall extend to the opposite sides of the drain hole and are used to guide the liquid in the liquid pool to the drain hole.

9. The hybrid structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The mixing channel has a first air inlet and a second air outlet. The outline shape of the second air outlet is adapted to the outline shape of the feed end of the fuel cell stack. The outer side wall of the first air inlet is provided with a connecting part for connecting to an air pipe.

10. A fuel cell system, characterized in that, The device includes a fuel cell stack, an ejector, and a mixing structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9. The mixing channel has a second outlet and a first inlet. The fuel cell stack has a feed end and a discharge end. The mixing structure is mounted on the fuel cell stack to connect the second outlet and the feed end. The ejector has a second inlet, a third inlet, and a third outlet that are interconnected. The second inlet is connected to the discharge end to deliver unreacted reflux fuel gas from the fuel cell stack. The third inlet is used to deliver supplementary fuel gas. The third outlet is connected to the first inlet.

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