Battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521051309.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-05-27
AI Technical Summary
但是在连续充放电循环期间而且没有其他散热结构的情况下，亚克力外壳封闭会导致内部发生热积累，散热效率迅速下降，严重时甚至将直接导致“热失控”的发生；另外，动力电池在低温环境下出现明显的性能下降，电池容量衰减，续航里程缩水，在极寒地区甚至需要配备保温系统来提高电池的工作温度，因此电池热管理装置应该具备内外热交换功能
[0021]1.本实用新型基于复合相变材料的电池热管理装置包括设于箱体内壁的导热管，导热管的进出液口均设于箱体外，箱体内壁、电池表面及导热管表面形成的间隙空间填充有复合相变材料，通过与外部冷/热液体循环回路连通，实现了箱体内外热交换功能，能够具备良好的电池均温及控温能力。
Smart Images
Figure CN224922779U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery thermal management technology, and specifically relates to a battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the growing trend towards green transportation, the use of electric vehicles has become increasingly widespread. However, the lifespan and performance of car batteries can be shortened and weakened by temperature fluctuations during operation. This leads to more frequent battery replacements, causing inconvenience for users and generating battery waste. Currently, some manufacturers customize car batteries specifically to mitigate the impact of extreme outdoor temperatures on battery temperature. Although climatic factors can be mitigated, the internal temperature rise during battery operation still places an additional heat load on the battery itself.
[0003] The battery thermal management system is the core of temperature control in electric vehicles. It regulates the peak temperature of the battery pack during vehicle operation to prevent thermal runaway and reduces temperature differences within the battery pack to lower energy consumption. Battery thermal effects also impact the performance and cycle life of electric vehicles; therefore, effective thermal management is crucial for battery performance, lifespan, and even the overall vehicle range. To achieve efficient thermal control, researchers have developed various thermal management technologies for electric vehicles, including heat pipe cooling, refrigerant cooling, cryogenic cooling, coolant cooling, and phase change material (PCM) cooling. Among these, PCM-based battery thermal management systems have significant development potential due to their lack of additional energy consumption and simple structure, and are gradually becoming a research hotspot in the battery field.
[0004] A battery thermal management device based on a composite phase change material is disclosed in patent document CN216928705U. This device includes a battery, a composite phase change material, a support material, and a shell. The battery is encapsulated by the support material, the composite phase change material is injected into the support material, and the shell encapsulates the support material. The composite phase change material can be multilayer paraffin wax with different melting points. The electrodes of the battery are connected by spot welding. The support material can be aluminum foam, and the shell is made of acrylic. Compared with traditional devices, the high thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material can more efficiently store excess heat generated by the battery during operation, maintaining its normal operating temperature and preventing thermal runaway. However, during continuous charge-discharge cycles without other heat dissipation structures, the acrylic shell enclosure can lead to internal heat accumulation, a rapid decrease in heat dissipation efficiency, and in severe cases, even direct thermal runaway. Furthermore, power batteries experience significant performance degradation in low-temperature environments, including capacity reduction and decreased driving range. In extremely cold regions, insulation systems are even required to raise the battery's operating temperature. Therefore, the battery thermal management device should have internal and external heat exchange capabilities. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials, which further improves heat transfer efficiency and enables internal and external heat exchange.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials, comprising:
[0007] Box;
[0008] The batteries are arranged at equal intervals inside the housing, and the electrodes of the batteries are connected by spot welding.
[0009] A heat pipe is provided on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat pipe are provided on the outside of the housing.
[0010] A composite phase change material, wherein the composite phase change material fills the gap space formed by the inner wall of the box, the surface of the battery and the surface of the heat pipe.
[0011] Preferably, the above technical solution further includes a heat dissipation device, which is disposed on the outer walls of the front and rear sides of the housing. The heat dissipation device includes a heat dissipation pipe and a three-way valve. The liquid inlet of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the first outlet of the three-way valve, and the liquid outlet of the heat conduction pipe passes through the outer wall of the housing and is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve. The liquid inlet of the heat conduction pipe, the heat conduction pipe, the three-way valve and the second outlet of the three-way valve form a liquid heating circuit, and the liquid inlet of the heat conduction pipe, the heat conduction pipe, the three-way valve, the heat dissipation pipe and the liquid outlet of the heat dissipation pipe form a liquid cooling circuit.
[0012] Preferably, in the above technical solution, both the heat pipe and the heat dissipation pipe have a serpentine structure.
[0013] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the heat-conducting pipe has two heat-conducting pipe outlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat-conducting pipe inlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat-conducting pipe outlets. The heat dissipation pipe has two heat dissipation pipe inlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat dissipation pipe outlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat dissipation pipe inlets.
[0014] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the heat dissipation device further includes a heat dissipation plate and several sets of parallel longitudinal fins. The lower surface of the heat dissipation plate is connected to the outer wall of the housing, the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate is connected to the lower surface of the heat dissipation pipe, the lower surface of the longitudinal fins is connected to the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate, and the two sides of the heat dissipation pipe abut against the sides of the longitudinal fins respectively.
[0015] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the height of the longitudinal fin is greater than the outer diameter of the heat sink, and one end of the longitudinal fin is connected to the edge of the heat sink.
[0016] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the heat pipe, the heat dissipation pipe, the heat dissipation plate and the longitudinal fins are made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy or stainless steel.
[0017] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the minimum distance between the batteries is 2mm, and the minimum distance between the battery and the heat pipe is 2mm.
[0018] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the housing is provided with a detachable cover, and the heat pipe inlet extends through the top of the cover.
[0019] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the enclosure is made of heat-insulating material.
[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] 1. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material of this utility model includes a heat-conducting pipe disposed on the inner wall of the box, and the inlet and outlet of the heat-conducting pipe are disposed on the outside of the box. The gap space formed by the inner wall of the box, the surface of the battery and the surface of the heat-conducting pipe is filled with composite phase change material. By connecting with the external cold / hot liquid circulation loop, the heat exchange function between the inside and outside of the box is realized, and it can have good battery temperature uniformity and temperature control capabilities.
[0022] 2. The heat dissipation device of this utility model also includes a heat dissipation pipe, a three-way valve, a heat dissipation plate and several sets of parallel longitudinal fins. The coolant flows in from the heat conduction pipe and then flows into the heat dissipation pipe through the three-way valve. The heat dissipation plate and longitudinal fins can improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe in the air. The height of the longitudinal fins is greater than the outer diameter of the heat dissipation pipe, and one end of the longitudinal fins is connected to the edge of the heat dissipation plate, which can protect the heat dissipation pipe and prevent it from being deformed by external collisions or squeezing.
[0023] 3. The heat-conducting pipe in this utility model has two heat-conducting pipe outlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat-conducting pipe inlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat-conducting pipe outlets. The heat dissipation pipe has two heat dissipation pipe inlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat dissipation pipe outlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat dissipation pipe inlets. This can shorten the flow time of the liquid in the heat-conducting pipe and the heat dissipation pipe, and further improve the heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coverless structure of the battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to this utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the covered structure of the battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to this utility model.
[0026] Figure 3This is a top view of the uncovered structure of the battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials according to this utility model.
[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation device of this utility model.
[0028] Among them, 1-box body, 11-cover body, 12-handle, 13-fixed electrode, 2-battery, 3-heat pipe, 31-heat pipe inlet, 4-heat dissipation device, 41-heat plate, 42-heat pipe, 421-heat pipe outlet, 43-three-way valve, 431-second outlet of three-way valve, 44-longitudinal fins, 5-composite phase change material. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "thickness", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0031] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.
[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this utility model will now be described based on its overall structure.
[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials in this embodiment includes:
[0034] The enclosure 1 has a detachable cover 11, with a handle 12 in the middle of the upper surface of the cover 11, and fixed electrodes 13 extending through the upper and lower surfaces of the cover 11. It is worth noting that the enclosure 1 can be made of glass wool or rock wool, which have excellent thermal insulation, sound absorption, fire resistance, and corrosion resistance properties.
[0035] The batteries 2 are arranged in a single row with equal spacing inside the housing 1. The electrodes of the batteries 2 are connected by spot welding with nickel sheets and connected to the fixed electrode 13 by wires. Specifically, the minimum spacing between the batteries 2 is 2mm, and the minimum spacing between the batteries 2 and the heat pipe 3 is 2mm, which can reduce the size of the entire device while ensuring the battery temperature control effect.
[0036] Heat pipes 3 are installed on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing 1 with the same structure. The heat pipes 3 are designed with a single inlet and double outlet serpentine structure. The heat pipe inlet 31 is located in the middle of the heat pipe 3 and passes through the cover 11. The two heat pipe outlets are symmetrical about the central axis of the heat pipe inlet 31 and are close to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the housing 1. The heat pipe outlets pass through the outer wall of the housing 1.
[0037] Continue to refer to Figure 4The heat dissipation device 4 is installed on the front and rear outer walls of the housing 1 with the same structure. The heat dissipation device includes a heat dissipation plate 41, a heat dissipation pipe 42, a three-way valve 43 and several sets of parallel longitudinal fins 44. The lower surface of the heat dissipation plate 41 is connected to the outer wall of the housing 1, and the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate 41 is connected to the lower surface of the heat dissipation pipe 42. The heat dissipation pipe 42 is designed as a double-inlet single-outlet serpentine structure. The heat dissipation pipe outlet 421 is located in the middle of the heat dissipation pipe 42. The two heat dissipation pipe inlets are symmetrical about the central axis of the heat dissipation pipe outlet 421 and are close to the left and right edges of the heat dissipation plate 41. The two sides of the heat dissipation pipe 42 abut against the sides of the longitudinal fins 44 respectively. The lower surface of the longitudinal fins 44 is connected to the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate 41, and the height of the longitudinal fins 44 is greater than the outer diameter of the heat dissipation pipe. One end of the longitudinal fins 44 is connected to the edge of the heat dissipation plate 41. The longitudinal fins 44 can protect the heat dissipation pipe 42 and prevent it from being deformed by external collisions and compression.
[0038] It is worth noting that the first outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat sink, and the inlet of the three-way valve is connected to the liquid outlet of the heat conduction pipe. The liquid inlet 31 of the heat conduction pipe, the heat conduction pipe 3, the three-way valve 43, and the second outlet 431 of the three-way valve form a liquid heating circuit. When the second outlet of the three-way valve is closed, the liquid inlet 31 of the heat conduction pipe, the heat conduction pipe 3, the three-way valve 43, the heat sink 42, and the liquid outlet 421 of the heat sink form a liquid cooling circuit. Furthermore, the heat conduction pipe, the heat sink plate, the heat sink, and the longitudinal fins can be made of any of the following materials: aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, or stainless steel. They have excellent thermal conductivity and can quickly absorb and conduct heat.
[0039] The composite phase change material 5 fills the gap space formed by the inner wall of the housing 1, the surface of the battery 2 and the surface of the heat pipe 3. The composite phase change material 5 is a multilayer paraffin with different melting points. The addition of the phase change material can effectively control the average temperature of the battery pack. Filling the phase change material in the molten state under high temperature environment can reduce the internal contact thermal resistance and enhance the heat dissipation capacity.
[0040] It is worth noting that the addition of phase change materials can effectively control the average temperature of the battery pack. Filling the phase change materials in a molten state at high temperatures can reduce internal contact thermal resistance and enhance heat dissipation. There are significant differences in thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal stability after different phase change materials are combined.
[0041] Next, the working principle of a battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials in this embodiment will be described in detail to enable those skilled in the art to better understand this utility model:
[0042] Normally, the first outlet of the three-way valve is open, and the second outlet is closed. During operation, the battery's heat is absorbed by the phase change material and then carried out to the external heat dissipation device through the liquid inside the heat pipe. The heat is then dissipated into the air through the heat dissipation plate, heat pipe, and longitudinal fins on the heat dissipation device. When the battery's heat dissipation demand is low, the composite phase change material can fully absorb excess heat. In addition, the heat pipe and heat dissipation pipe can be filled with substances such as water, ethylene glycol, and nanofluids, but not allowed to flow. The high specific heat capacity of the coolant is utilized to meet low heat dissipation requirements. When the heat dissipation demand increases and the heat absorbed by the phase change material is limited, an external circulation pump can be connected to allow the liquid in the heat pipe and heat dissipation pipe to circulate and carry away excess heat. By adjusting the speed of the circulation pump to control the liquid flow rate and increasing the ventilation on the outer surface of the heat dissipation device, the battery's operating temperature can be better controlled.
[0043] In extremely cold weather, when it is necessary to maintain the battery's operating temperature, the external circulation pump and heat pump are turned on, the first outlet of the three-way valve is closed, and the second outlet of the three-way valve is opened at the same time. The liquid heated by the heat pump circulates in the heat pipe, and the composite phase change material absorbs heat and transfers it to the battery. With the use of a heat-insulating casing, the battery can be kept at the most suitable operating temperature.
[0044] Therefore, the battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials in this embodiment achieves the following functions:
[0045] (1) Internal and external heat exchange function
[0046] By installing heat-conducting pipes on the inner wall of the chamber and placing the inlet and outlet of the heat-conducting pipes outside the chamber, the function of internal and external heat exchange is realized.
[0047] (2) Temperature control function
[0048] By filling the gaps formed on the inner wall of the casing, the surface of the battery, and the surface of the heat pipe with composite phase change material, good battery temperature uniformity and temperature control capabilities are achieved.
[0049] (3) Air-assisted heat dissipation function
[0050] By installing heat sinks, heat pipes, and longitudinal fins on the heat dissipation device, air-assisted heat dissipation is achieved.
[0051] (4) Heat pipe protection function
[0052] By setting the height of the longitudinal fins to be greater than the outer diameter of the heat pipe, and ensuring that the side of the heat pipe abuts against the longitudinal fins, the heat pipe can be protected from deformation caused by external impacts and compression.
[0053] (5) Single input and dual output function
[0054] By setting the heat pipe to a single-inlet, double-outlet serpentine structure, the contact area between the heat pipe and the composite phase change material can be increased, while the flow time of the liquid in the heat pipe can be shortened, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency.
[0055] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the present invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials, characterized in that, include: Box; The batteries are arranged at equal intervals inside the housing, and the electrodes of the batteries are connected by spot welding. A heat pipe is provided on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat pipe are provided on the outside of the housing. A composite phase change material, wherein the composite phase change material fills the gap space formed by the inner wall of the box, the surface of the battery and the surface of the heat pipe; A heat dissipation device is provided on the outer walls of the front and rear sides of the housing. The heat dissipation device includes a heat dissipation pipe and a three-way valve. The liquid inlet of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the first outlet of the three-way valve. The liquid outlet of the heat conduction pipe passes through the outer wall of the housing and is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve. The heat pipe inlet, the heat pipe, the three-way valve, and the second outlet of the three-way valve form a liquid heating circuit, and the heat pipe inlet, the heat pipe, the three-way valve, the heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe outlet form a liquid cooling circuit.
2. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the heat pipe and the heat dissipation pipe have a serpentine structure.
3. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat-conducting pipe has two heat-conducting pipe outlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat-conducting pipe inlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat-conducting pipe outlets. The heat-dissipating pipe has two heat-dissipating pipe inlets that are far apart from each other, and the heat-dissipating pipe outlet is located on the axis of symmetry of the two heat-dissipating pipe inlets.
4. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation device also includes a heat dissipation plate and several sets of parallel longitudinal fins. The lower surface of the heat dissipation plate is connected to the outer wall of the housing, the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate is connected to the lower surface of the heat dissipation pipe, the lower surface of the longitudinal fins is connected to the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate, and the two sides of the heat dissipation pipe abut against the sides of the longitudinal fins respectively.
5. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the longitudinal fins is greater than the outer diameter of the heat sink, and one end of the longitudinal fins is connected to the edge of the heat sink.
6. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat pipe, the heat dissipation pipe, the heat sink, and the longitudinal fins are made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, or stainless steel.
7. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the batteries is 2mm, and the minimum distance between the batteries and the heat pipe is 2mm.
8. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is equipped with a detachable cover, and the heat pipe inlet extends through the top of the cover.
9. The battery thermal management device based on composite phase change material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The enclosure is made of heat-insulating materials.