Distributed ventilation and exhaust structure and energy storage container

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage container, disclose a kind of distributed ventilation exhaust structure, set up in container, including combustible gas detector, air inlet louver and ventilation pipeline, wherein, the container inside is provided with battery pack, pressure switch is provided in the battery pack;The air inlet louver is set on the one side wall of the container;The combustible gas detector is set on the other side wall of the container;The ventilation pipeline includes main pipeline and multiple sub-pipeline, the main pipeline is horizontally arranged in the container, multiple the longitudinal setting and having air intake of sub-pipeline, each the sub-pipeline is communicated with the main pipeline, by directly setting pressure switch in battery pack, once thermal runaway pressure switch will quickly know and start ventilation, and by linearly arranged sub-pipeline make that container inside does not exist airflow dead angle, combustible gas is not easy to accumulate and form the case of super concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage container technology, and in particular to a distributed ventilation and exhaust structure and an energy storage container. Background Technology

[0002] The energy storage industry requires that lithium iron phosphate energy storage systems be equipped with a ventilation and exhaust system to quickly remove flammable gases generated by thermal runaway of the battery cells to an open space outside the container, preventing flammable gases from accumulating in the enclosed space inside the energy storage container and causing deflagration or even explosion.

[0003] For example, Chinese invention patent CN118925147A discloses an energy storage container system and fire protection method. In the above technical solution, ventilation is triggered only by combustible gas detectors, heat detectors, and smoke detectors. It can only be activated after the gas has diffused to the detector location and reached the alarm threshold, or after the fire has developed to the stage of producing smoke and heat. It cannot respond when the gas has not diffused and smoke and heat have not been produced in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack. This can easily lead to the local accumulation of combustible gas exceeding the lower explosive limit. Moreover, the simple intake and exhaust ventilation is achieved only by fans and exhaust fan blades. The airflow is easily blocked by the battery pack. Dead airflow corners are easily formed in the corners of the container and areas far from the equipment, making it difficult to expel combustible gas and increasing the risk of deflagration. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome at least one of the defects described in the prior art, this utility model provides a distributed ventilation and exhaust structure and an energy storage container. By directly placing the pressure switch inside the battery pack, the pressure switch will quickly detect and activate ventilation in the event of thermal runaway. Furthermore, the linearly arranged sub-pipes ensure that there are no dead air zones inside the container, preventing the accumulation of combustible gases and the formation of excessive concentrations.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows: A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure is installed on a container, including a combustible gas detector, air inlet louvers, and ventilation ducts. A battery pack containing a pressure switch is installed inside the container. The air inlet louvers are installed on one side wall of the container. The combustible gas detector is installed on the other side wall of the container. The ventilation ducts include a main duct and multiple sub-ducts. The main duct is horizontally installed inside the container, and the multiple sub-ducts are vertically installed and have air intakes. Each sub-duct is connected to the main duct. A recirculation vent is provided on the main duct, with the opening of the recirculation vent facing the combustible gas detector.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes an exhaust fan, the main duct extends to the outside of the container and connects with the exhaust fan, and the circulating air outlet is located on the main duct near the exhaust fan.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a fan controller, which is electrically connected to the exhaust fan, the pressure switch, the air inlet louvers and the combustible gas detector.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the pressure switch is a mechanical pressure switch.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the battery pack is arranged in multiple columns, with a first space in the middle of each column of battery packs and a second space between adjacent columns of battery packs.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the main pipeline is located in the first space, and the sub-pipeline is located in the second space.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, multiple sub-pipes are linearly distributed on both sides of the main pipe, and the air intake is located at the bottom and top of the sub-pipes.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the wind turbine controller is equipped with a backup battery, which is used to supply power to the wind turbine controller when the external power supply module is disconnected.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the fan controller further includes a button module, which is used to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan.

[0014] An energy storage container includes the aforementioned distributed ventilation and exhaust structure.

[0015] In summary, the distributed ventilation and exhaust structure and energy storage container provided by this utility model have the following advantages over the prior art: (1) The mechanical pressure switch is installed inside the battery pack. Once thermal runaway occurs, the pressure inside the pack will be quickly activated by the mechanical pressure switch to send a signal to start ventilation immediately. The start time is greatly advanced, and combustible gases are less likely to form local over-concentration in the container. (2) By introducing a pressure switch, it does not require power supply when working, and the gas detector is set up for double protection to improve safety and reliability. Even if the pressure switch in the battery pack fails due to a fault, the overflowing combustible gas will be quickly detected by the combustible gas detector facing the circulating air outlet, thereby quickly starting ventilation. (3) By using linearly arranged sub-pipes, there are no dead zones for airflow inside the container, making it less likely for combustible gases to cause local concentrations to exceed the standard inside the container. (4) Power the fan controller with a backup battery to prevent the fan controller from losing power when the external power supply module fails due to fire. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main pipe and sub-pipe structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model; The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 1. Container; 11. Battery pack; 111. Pressure switch; 112. First space; 113. Second space; 12. First side wall; 13. Second side wall; 14. Third side wall; 15. Fourth side wall; 2. Combustible gas detector; 3. Air inlet louver; 4. Ventilation duct; 41. Main duct; 411. Recirculating air outlet; 42. Sub-duct; 421. Air intake outlet; 5. Exhaust fan; 6. Fan controller; 61. Backup battery; 62. Button module; 7. BMS unit; 8. BMS central control unit; 9. High-voltage box. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0019] See Figures 1-4 This utility model discloses a distributed ventilation and exhaust structure, which is installed on a container 1 and includes a combustible gas detector 2, an air inlet louver 3, a ventilation duct 4 and an exhaust fan 5.

[0020] See Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a battery pack 11 is installed inside the container 1, and a pressure switch 111 is installed inside the battery pack 11. Specifically, each battery pack 11 is equipped with a pressure switch 111. This design allows for timely detection of thermal runaway in the battery pack 11 by opening and closing the pressure switch 111, facilitating timely handling. The battery packs 11 are arranged in multiple rows, and each row contains multiple battery packs 11. A first space 112 is left between the battery packs 11 in each row, and a second space 113 is left between adjacent rows of battery packs 11. The first space 112 and the second space 113 reserve space for the arrangement of ventilation ducts 4, providing a dedicated channel for airflow. It should also be noted that a high-voltage box 9 is also installed in the first space 112. The high-voltage box 9 is equipped with protective devices such as fuses and circuit breakers, which can quickly cut off the circuit when the battery system experiences abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or short circuit, preventing the fault from spreading and protecting the battery packs 11 and other electrical equipment from damage. Since each battery pack 11 is equipped with a pressure switch 111, its action signal will be output to the BMD unit in the battery pack 11, and the thermal runaway of the specific battery pack 11 can be observed on the BMS main control unit 8.

[0021] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, container 1 has a cuboid structure, with air inlet louvers 3 installed on one side wall of container 1; combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the other side wall of container 1; container 1 has a first side wall 12 and a second side wall 13, as well as a third side wall 14 and a fourth side wall 15 arranged opposite to each other. It should be noted that the air inlet louvers 3 are installed on the first side wall 12, and the combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the third side wall 14 or the fourth side wall 15; or the air inlet louvers 3 are installed on the second side wall 13, and the combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the third side wall 14 or the fourth side wall 15; or the air inlet louvers 3 are installed on the third side wall 14, and the combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the first side wall 12 or the second side wall 13; or the air inlet louvers 3 are installed on the fourth side wall 15, and the combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the first side wall 12 or the second side wall 13. In this embodiment, the air inlet louvers 3 are installed on the first side wall 12, and the combustible gas detector 2 is installed on the third side wall 14. This design, with the air inlet louvers 3 and the combustible gas detector 2 positioned on different side walls, creates a reasonable airflow direction within the container 1, avoiding dead air zones and allowing air to flow fully through every corner of the container 1, thus improving ventilation.

[0022] Specifically, in this embodiment, there are two air inlet louvers 3, which are symmetrically distributed on the first side wall 12. The symmetrically distributed air inlet louvers 3 can allow air to enter the container 1 evenly, forming a uniform initial airflow distribution inside the container 1 and avoiding local airflow dead zones inside the container 1.

[0023] See Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the ventilation duct 4 includes a main duct 41 and sub-ducts 42. The main duct 41 is horizontally arranged inside the container 1, and multiple sub-ducts 42 are arranged longitudinally and have air intakes 421. Each sub-duct 42 is connected to the main duct 41. A recirculation air intake 411 is provided on the main duct 41, and the opening of the recirculation air intake 411 faces the combustible gas detector 2. Specifically, there is one main duct 41, and the main duct 41 is located in the first space 112. Along the portion of the first space 112 between multiple battery packs 11, the sub-ducts 42 are located in the second space 113. In this embodiment, the sub-ducts 42 are linearly distributed on both sides of the main duct 41, and each sub-duct 42 is located in the second space 113. The air intake vents 421 are located at the bottom and top of the sub-duct 42, thus creating a ventilation network inside the container 1. After entering through the air inlet louvers 3, air is first drawn into the main duct 41 through the air intake vents 421 at both ends of the sub-duct 42, forming an orderly airflow circulation. This can quickly remove the heat generated by the battery pack 11, reduce the temperature inside the container 1, and ensure that the battery pack 11 operates in a suitable temperature environment. Moreover, the recirculating air vent 411 opens towards the combustible gas detector 2. When a combustible gas leak occurs inside the container 1, the recirculating air vent 411 can guide the airflow directly to the combustible gas detector 2, enabling the combustible gas detector 2 to detect the presence of combustible gas more quickly and accurately, which helps to detect safety hazards in a timely manner. It should also be noted that since multiple sub-ducts 42 are connected to the main duct 41, when one sub-duct 42 fails, it does not delay the normal operation of other sub-ducts 42.

[0024] See Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, one end of the main pipe 41 is closed, and the other end of the main pipe 41 is open. The main pipe 41 extends to the outside of the container 1, and the open end is connected to the exhaust fan 5. The circulating air outlet 411 is located on the main pipe 41 near the exhaust fan 5, which facilitates the circulation of air through the exhaust fan 5.

[0025] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4As shown, a fan controller 6 is also provided. It should be noted that the fan controller 6 can be mounted on the first side wall 12, second side wall 13, third side wall 14, or fourth side wall 15 of container 1, or it can be mounted in other areas, as long as it can perform the corresponding functions. Its specific installation location is not specifically limited here. The fan controller 6 is electrically connected to the exhaust fan 5, pressure switch 111, and air inlet louvers 3. The fan controller 6 is also electrically connected to the combustible gas detector 2. A panel display screen is provided on the fan controller 6 to display information on the exhaust fan 5, pressure switch 111, air inlet louvers 3, and combustible gas concentration. A backup battery 61 is installed inside the fan controller 6. The backup battery 61 is used to supply power to the fan controller 6 when the external power supply module is disconnected. Specifically, the external power supply module is an external AC220V power supply module. When the external AC220V power supply module fails or loses power, the backup battery 61 can continue to supply power, ensuring that the fan controller 6 remains powered. When the external 220V power supply fails, the backup battery 61 can continue to provide the 24V power required by the back-end equipment. The 24V power supplied to the exhaust fan 5 is converted into the high-voltage power required by the exhaust fan by the inverter.

[0026] See Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the fan controller 6 further includes a button module 62, which is used to start and stop the exhaust fan 5.

[0027] See Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the exhaust fan 5 has an inverter, which can convert the DC 24V in the fan controller 6 into the high voltage or AC / DC current required by the exhaust fan 5.

[0028] It should also be noted that the pressure switch 111 is a mechanical pressure switch. Since the battery pack 11 has an IP67 protection rating, when the battery pack 11 experiences thermal runaway, it will rapidly eject gas, creating high pressure, which will activate the pressure switch 111 to send a signal. The signal from the pressure switch 111 is first sent to the BMS unit 7 inside the battery pack 11, and then sent to the fan controller 6 to start the ventilation fan for ventilation. The fan controller 6 sends abnormal information, operating information, or fault alarm information to the BMS central control unit 8 in the background through the communication module.

[0029] This utility model also discloses an energy storage container 1, which includes the above-mentioned distributed ventilation and exhaust structure.

[0030] In the specific implementation steps, under normal conditions, the exhaust fan 5 operates, circulating the gas inside container 1 through the recirculation vent 411. When thermal runaway occurs inside battery pack 11, the signal is promptly sent to the fan controller 6 via the change in pressure switch 111. The fan controller 6 then sends the signal to the BMS central control unit 8. When pressure switch 111 malfunctions, combustible gas inside battery pack 11 can be detected promptly through combustible gas detector 2 and recirculation vent 411, and ventilation is started in a timely manner. The signal is promptly sent to the fan controller 6, which then sends the signal to the BMS central control unit 8 to ensure the safety inside container 1.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure, installed on a container (1), characterized in that, Includes a combustible gas detector (2), air intake louvers (3), and ventilation ducts (4), among which, The container (1) is equipped with a battery pack (11), and the battery pack (11) is equipped with a pressure switch (111); The air inlet louvers (3) are installed on one side wall of the container (1); The combustible gas detector (2) is installed on the other side wall of the container (1); The ventilation duct (4) includes a main duct (41) and multiple sub-ducts (42). The main duct (41) is horizontally arranged inside the container (1). The multiple sub-ducts (42) are arranged longitudinally and have air intakes (421). Each sub-duct (42) is connected to the main duct (41). A circulating air intake (411) is provided on the main duct (411), and the opening of the circulating air intake (411) faces the combustible gas detector (2).

2. The distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an exhaust fan (5), the main duct (41) extends to the outside of the container (1) and is connected to the exhaust fan (5), and the circulating air outlet (411) is located on the main duct (41) near the exhaust fan (5).

3. The distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a fan controller (6), which is electrically connected to the exhaust fan (5), the pressure switch (111), the air inlet louver (3) and the combustible gas detector (2).

4. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure switch (111) is a mechanical pressure switch (111).

5. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack (11) is arranged in multiple columns, with a first space (112) in the middle of each column of battery pack (11) and a second space (113) between two adjacent columns of battery pack (11).

6. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The main pipe (41) is located in the first space (112), and the sub-pipe (42) is located in the second space (113).

7. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple sub-pipes (42) are linearly distributed on both sides of the main pipe (41), and the air intake (421) is located at the bottom and top of the sub-pipes (42).

8. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wind turbine controller (6) is equipped with a backup battery (61), which is used to supply power to the wind turbine controller (6) when the external power supply module is disconnected.

9. A distributed ventilation and exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fan controller (6) also includes a button module (62), which is used to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan (5).

10. An energy storage container (1) comprising a distributed ventilation and exhaust structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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