Waveguide antenna with power division structure and radar and automobile with same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waveguide antenna with power division structure and radar and car with it relates waveguide antenna technical field, the shell has the top plate and the bottom plate of parallelism, and four parallel waveguide mouths are arranged at intervals on the top plate, and the bottom plate is provided with the feed hole, the bottom of power division shell is provided with the first intercommunication mouth with the shape consistent with the feed hole, and the top of power division shell is provided with the second intercommunication mouth, and the first power division unit and two second power division units are all connected on the lower surface of top plate and all are located between the waveguide mouth, and the first power division unit divides the inside of power division shell into two chambers of symmetry, and two second power division units distribute on the opposite sides of first power division unit, and the height of second power division unit is less than the height of first power division unit, and second power division unit divides two symmetrical spaces in the chamber, the utility model has the advantages of reducing the sensitivity to the machining accuracy, and reducing the manufacturing difficulty.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waveguide antenna technology, and in particular to a waveguide antenna with a power splitting structure, as well as radar and automobiles using the same. Background Technology

[0002] Waveguide antennas, as a type of antenna that uses metallic waveguides to transmit and radiate electromagnetic waves, are widely used in radar, satellite communications, millimeter-wave communications, and next-generation 5G / 6G high-frequency communication systems due to their low loss, high power handling capacity, and excellent electromagnetic shielding characteristics. Especially in millimeter-wave and higher frequency bands, traditional transmission methods such as coaxial cables and microstrip lines suffer from significant dielectric and radiation losses, making it difficult to meet the requirements of long-distance and high-power transmission. Waveguide structures, however, utilize air as a medium for propagation and metal walls for confinement, enabling them to maintain high transmission efficiency while reducing insertion loss.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of applications such as automotive millimeter-wave radar, security imaging radar, and satellite broadband communication, waveguide antennas have gradually shown the following development trends: First, they are developing towards higher frequencies and smaller sizes to adapt to emerging applications such as 77GHz automotive radar, 94GHz imaging radar, and 60GHz high-speed communication; Second, they are developing towards multi-channel integration, providing amplitude-phase consistent feeds for phased array and MIMO systems through one-to-two, one-to-four, or even multi-channel power divider waveguide networks.

[0004] Despite the significant performance advantages of waveguide antennas, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: high requirements for processing precision: in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, waveguide dimensions are generally small, and processing errors can easily lead to increased transmission loss and deterioration of antenna performance. The complex power divider and feeding structure further increase the manufacturing difficulty and cost. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a waveguide antenna with a power splitting structure and radar and automobiles incorporating it, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] This utility model provides a waveguide antenna with a power divider structure, including a housing and a power divider assembly installed inside the housing. The housing has a top plate and a bottom plate that are parallel to each other. The top plate has four parallel waveguide ports spaced apart, and the bottom plate has a feed port. The power divider assembly includes a power divider housing, a first power divider unit, and two second power divider units. The bottom of the power divider housing has a first connecting port with the same shape as the feed port, and the top of the power divider housing has a second connecting port. The first power divider unit and the two second power divider units are all connected to the lower surface of the top plate and are all located between the waveguide ports. The first power divider unit divides the interior of the power divider housing into two symmetrical chambers. The two second power divider units are distributed on opposite sides of the first power divider unit. The height of the second power divider unit is less than the height of the first power divider unit. The second power divider unit divides two symmetrical spaces within the chamber.

[0007] Optionally, the four waveguide ports are divided into two groups. Each group of waveguide ports includes a first waveguide port and a second waveguide port that are rectangular. The ratio of the length of the narrow side of the first waveguide port to the length of the narrow side of the second waveguide port is 3:2. The two groups of waveguide ports are adjacent to each other with the second waveguide port, and the distance between the center lines of each waveguide port is 1 / 2 of the air wavelength.

[0008] Optionally, the power divider housing includes a horizontal plate and four vertical plates that are vertically connected to the horizontal plate and form a rectangular enclosure. A connecting portion extends from the middle of the horizontal plate toward the bottom plate. The first connecting port is opened in the connecting portion. The power divider housing is connected to the bottom plate through the connecting portion, and the first connecting port is aligned with the power supply port. Two symmetrically distributed extension portions extend from the outer wall of the first power divider unit. The two extension portions are respectively located in the two cavities to form a first matching waveguide cavity below the extension portions and above the horizontal plate. The length of the first matching waveguide cavity is the same as the waveguide wavelength.

[0009] Optionally, the vertical plate of the power distribution housing is recessed inward toward the extension at the height of the extension to form a matching step.

[0010] Optionally, a power-dividing waveguide cavity is formed between the extension and the vertical plate, wherein the length of the power-dividing waveguide cavity is 1 / 2 waveguide wavelength and the height is 1 / 4 waveguide wavelength.

[0011] Optionally, the second power divider unit includes a mounting portion and a body portion connected in sequence in the direction from the top plate to the bottom plate. The second power divider unit is connected to the lower surface of the top plate through the mounting portion. The cross-sectional area of ​​the body portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting portion. The body portion divides the space between the vertical plate and the first power divider unit into two identical second matching waveguide cavities. The length of the second matching waveguide cavity is 1 / 4 of the waveguide wavelength.

[0012] Optionally, the vertical plate is recessed inward toward the mounting portion of the second power distribution unit at the height of the mounting portion to form a two-stage matching step.

[0013] Optionally, the top plate is further provided with parasitic matching gaps, which are distributed on both sides of the power divider, and the length of the parasitic matching gaps is greater than the length of the waveguide port, and the depth is less than or equal to the depth of the waveguide port.

[0014] This invention also provides a radar, including a waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure as described above.

[0015] This invention also provides a vehicle that includes the radar described above.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by optimizing the power divider structure and waveguide cavity design, the sensitivity to processing accuracy is reduced, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, thereby improving the yield rate in mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to this utility model from another perspective.

[0021] In the picture: Housing 10, top plate 11, first waveguide port 111, long side 1111, narrow side 1112, second waveguide port 112, parasitic matching gap 113, bottom plate 12, power supply port 121, connecting plate 13; The power divider housing 21, the connecting part 211, the first matching waveguide cavity 212, the power divider waveguide cavity 213, the second matching waveguide cavity 214, the first matching step 215, the second matching step 216, the first power divider unit 22, the extension part 221, the second power divider unit 23, the mounting part 231, and the main body part 232. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the description of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0023] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used merely to distinguish elements with similar attributes, not to indicate or imply relative importance or a specific order.

[0026] The terms “include,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, this embodiment provides a waveguide antenna with a power divider structure, including a housing 10 and a power divider assembly installed inside the housing 10. The housing 10 is cuboid in shape and has a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, and a connecting plate 13 connected between the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. The top plate 11, the bottom plate 12, and the connecting plate 13 enclose a receiving space, and the power divider assembly is located in the receiving space.

[0028] Four parallel waveguide ports are spaced apart on the top plate 11. These four ports are divided into two groups. Each group includes a rectangular first waveguide port 111 and a second waveguide port 112. The long sides 1111 of the first and second waveguide ports 111 and 112 extend along the width direction of the housing 10, while the narrow sides 1112 of the first and second waveguide ports 111 and 112 extend along the length direction of the housing 10. The length ratio of the narrow sides 1112 of the first and second waveguide ports 111 to 1112 is 3:2. The two groups of waveguide ports are adjacent to each other with the second waveguide port 112. That is, along the length direction of the housing 10, the four waveguide ports are arranged sequentially as first waveguide port 111, second waveguide port 112, second waveguide port 112, and first waveguide port 111. Furthermore, the distance between the centerlines of each waveguide port extending along its length direction is half the air wavelength. The base plate 12 has a power supply port 121, which is used to feed the waveguide antenna. It can realize microstrip to waveguide feeding or connect to waveguide transmission line to feed the waveguide antenna according to the needs of the array.

[0029] The power divider assembly includes a power divider housing 21, a first power divider unit 22, and two second power divider units 23. The power divider housing 21, the first power divider unit 22, and the second power divider units 23 are all made of copper, or a layer of copper is plated onto the surface of plastic using a plastic metallization process. The power divider housing 21 includes a horizontal plate and four vertical plates connected to the horizontal plate and forming a rectangular enclosure. A first connecting port with the shape of the feed port 121 is opened on the bottom plate 12 of the power divider housing 21. A second connecting port is formed by the four vertical plates enclosing the top of the power divider housing 21. The top of the power divider housing 21 is connected to a top plate 11, and the four waveguide ports are all located within the area enclosed by the second connecting port of the power divider housing 21 and the lower surface of the top plate 11. A connecting portion 211 extends from the middle of the horizontal plate at the bottom of the power divider housing 21 towards the bottom plate 12. The first connecting port is opened in the connecting portion 211. The power divider housing 21 is connected to the bottom plate 12 through the connecting portion 211, and the first connecting port is aligned with the feed port 121.

[0030] The first power distribution unit 22 and the two second power distribution units 23 are all connected to the lower surface of the top plate 11 and are located between waveguide ports. The first power distribution unit 22 is located between the two second power distribution units 23. That is, one of the second power distribution units 23 is located between the first waveguide port 111 and the second waveguide port 112 of the first group of waveguide ports, and the second power distribution unit 23 is located between two adjacent groups of waveguide ports. The other second power distribution unit 23 is located between the first waveguide port 111 and the second waveguide port 112 of the second group of waveguide ports. The first power distribution unit 22 is roughly rectangular in shape, and its length is the same as the length of the long side 1111 of the first waveguide port 111 and the second waveguide port 112. Figure 2 The cross section in the figure represents the width and height of the first power distribution unit 22. The first power distribution unit 22 divides the interior of the power distribution housing 21 into two symmetrical chambers. Two second power distribution units 23 are distributed on opposite sides of the first power distribution unit 22. The height of the second power distribution unit 23 is less than the height of the first power distribution unit 22. The second power distribution unit 23 divides the interior of the chamber into two symmetrical spaces.

[0031] Furthermore, two symmetrically distributed extensions 221 extend along the length of the housing 10 on the outer wall of the first power divider unit 22. The extensions 221 are approximately cuboid in shape. The two extensions 221 are located within two chambers, forming two symmetrically distributed first matching waveguide cavities 212 below the extensions 221 and above the horizontal plate. The length of the first matching waveguide cavity 212 is the same as the waveguide wavelength. A power divider waveguide cavity 213 is formed between the extensions 221 and the vertical plate. The length of the power divider waveguide cavity 213 is 1 / 2 the waveguide wavelength, and its height is 1 / 4 the waveguide wavelength. The first matching waveguide cavity 212 serves as the matching structure for the power divider assembly, performing impedance matching between the feed port 121 and the power divider waveguide cavity 213 to achieve energy transmission.

[0032] The second power distribution unit 23, located from the top plate 11 towards the bottom plate 12, includes a mounting portion 231 and a body portion 232 connected in sequence. The second power distribution unit 23 is connected to the lower surface of the top plate 11 via the mounting portion 231. The cross-sectional area of ​​the body portion 232 is smaller than that of the mounting portion 231. The body portion 232 divides the space between the vertical plate and the first power distribution unit 22 into two identical second matching waveguide cavities 214. That is, the two second power distribution units 23 each divide four identical second matching waveguide cavities 214 in two separate chambers. The length of the second matching waveguide cavity 214 is 1 / 4 of the waveguide wavelength. The second matching waveguide cavity 214 serves as the impedance matching structure between the power distribution waveguide cavity 213 and the waveguide port.

[0033] Furthermore, the vertical plate of the power divider housing 21 is recessed inward toward the extension 221 at the height of the extension 221 to form a first-order matching step 215, which is used to adjust the phase distribution within the power divider waveguide cavity 213. The vertical plate is also recessed inward toward the mounting portion 231 of the second power divider unit 23 at the height of the mounting portion 231 to form a second-order matching step 216, which is used to optimize the phase and energy magnitude within each waveguide port and further optimize the radiation pattern shape.

[0034] Meanwhile, the top plate 11 is also provided with parasitic matching slots 113. The parasitic matching slots 113 are rectangular, with their long side 1111 aligned with the long side 1111 of the waveguide port. The parasitic matching slots 113 are distributed on opposite sides of the power divider assembly and are parallel to the first waveguide port 111 and the second waveguide port 112. The length of the parasitic matching slot 113 is greater than the length of the waveguide port, and its depth is less than or equal to the depth of the waveguide port. That is, the parasitic matching slot 113 can penetrate the top plate 11 or be a slot opened in the top plate 11. The parasitic matching slots 113 are used to compensate for the resonant frequency drift caused by the lateral offset of adjacent waveguide ports, improve matching, increase radiation efficiency, ensure phase distribution, and expand bandwidth.

[0035] In summary, the waveguide antenna with a power divider structure provided in this embodiment has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain, wide radiation pattern, large processing tolerance, and good heat dissipation performance. It has made significant structural optimizations to address the limitations of traditional waveguide slot antennas, enabling it to maintain stable operation under high power conditions and avoid local heat accumulation.

[0036] This embodiment also provides a radar, including a waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure as described above.

[0037] This embodiment also provides a vehicle including the radar described above.

[0038] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure, characterized in that: The system includes a housing (10) and a power divider assembly installed within the housing (10). The housing (10) has a top plate (11) and a bottom plate (12) that are parallel to each other. The top plate (11) has four parallel waveguide ports spaced apart, and the bottom plate (12) has a feed port (121). The power divider assembly includes a power divider housing (21), a first power divider unit (22), and two second power divider units (23). The bottom of the power divider housing (21) has a first communication port with the same shape as the feed port (121), and the top of the power divider housing (21) has a second communication port. Two interconnecting ports are provided. The first power divider unit (22) and the two second power divider units (23) are both connected to the lower surface of the top plate (11) and are located between the waveguide ports. The first power divider unit (22) divides the interior of the power divider housing (21) into two symmetrical chambers. The two second power divider units (23) are distributed on opposite sides of the first power divider unit (22). The height of the second power divider unit (23) is less than the height of the first power divider unit (22). The second power divider unit (23) divides the interior of the chamber into two symmetrical spaces.

2. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four waveguide ports are divided into two groups. Each group of waveguide ports includes a first waveguide port (111) and a second waveguide port (112) that are rectangular. The ratio of the length of the narrow side of the first waveguide port (111) to the length of the narrow side of the second waveguide port (112) is 3:

2. The two groups of waveguide ports are adjacent to each other with the second waveguide port (112), and the distance between the center lines of each waveguide port is 1 / 2 of the air wavelength.

3. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power divider housing (21) includes a horizontal plate and four vertical plates that are vertically connected to the horizontal plate and form a rectangular enclosure. A connecting portion (211) extends from the middle of the horizontal plate toward the bottom plate (12). The first connecting port is opened in the connecting portion (211). The power divider housing (21) is connected to the bottom plate (12) through the connecting portion (211) and the first connecting port is aligned with the power supply port (121). Two symmetrically distributed extension portions (221) extend from the outer wall of the first power divider unit (22). The two extension portions (221) are located in the two cavities respectively to form a first matching waveguide cavity (212) below the extension portion (221) and above the horizontal plate. The length of the first matching waveguide cavity (212) is the same as the waveguide wavelength.

4. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical plate of the power distribution housing (21) is recessed inward toward the extension (221) at the height of the extension (221) to form a first-order matching step (215).

5. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A power-dividing waveguide cavity (213) is formed between the extension (221) and the vertical plate. The length of the power-dividing waveguide cavity (213) is 1 / 2 waveguide wavelength and the height is 1 / 4 waveguide wavelength.

6. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second power distribution unit (23) includes a mounting part (231) and a body part (232) connected in sequence in the direction from the top plate (11) to the bottom plate (12). The second power distribution unit (23) is connected to the lower surface of the top plate (11) through the mounting part (231). The cross-sectional area of ​​the body part (232) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting part (231). The body part (232) divides the space between the vertical plate and the first power distribution unit (22) into two identical second matching waveguide cavities (214). The length of the second matching waveguide cavity (214) is 1 / 4 of the waveguide wavelength.

7. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical plate is recessed at the height of the mounting portion (231) of the second power distribution unit (23) in the direction close to the mounting portion (231) to form a second-order matching step (216).

8. The waveguide antenna with a power-dividing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate (11) is also provided with a parasitic matching gap (113), which is distributed on both sides of the power divider component. The length of the parasitic matching gap (113) is greater than the length of the waveguide port, and the depth is less than or equal to the depth of the waveguide port.

9. A radar, characterized in that: Including the waveguide antenna with a power divider structure as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A car, characterized in that: Including the radar as described in claim 9.

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