A fast charging safety protection circuit, chip, device and system

Abstract

The application provides a fast charging safety protection circuit, a chip, a device and a system. The circuit comprises a battery, a charging interface receiving a charging voltage provided by an external power supply, a control module generating and sending an enable closing signal and an enable opening signal in sequence, a charging management module for switching to a non-charging state when receiving the enable closing signal and switching to a charging state when receiving the enable opening signal, a voltage detection module for detecting and sending an open circuit voltage to the control module in the non-charging state and detecting and sending a load voltage to the control module in the charging state, the control module receiving the open circuit voltage and the load voltage and generating a charging protection signal to the charging management module, the charging protection signal being generated when the load voltage is lower than a voltage difference value, the voltage difference value being equal to the difference between the open circuit voltage and a voltage drop threshold, and the charging management module disconnecting a charging loop between the external power supply and the battery when receiving the charging protection signal. The application improves the charging safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging technology, and in particular to a fast charging safety protection circuit, device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the batteries in most electronic devices are charged by connecting to an external power adapter through the charging interface of the electronic device.

[0003] During the charging process, abnormal impedance of the charging circuit often occurs. There are many reasons for the abnormal impedance, such as poor contact caused by the charging interface not being plugged in tightly, or poor contact between the battery and the connectors at both ends caused by dirt.

[0004] If charging continues when the impedance of the charging circuit is abnormal, it can damage charging devices such as batteries, power adapters, and terminals, posing a safety hazard. Current technology cannot detect and handle impedance abnormalities in the charging circuit, resulting in low safety during the charging process. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a fast charging safety protection circuit, chip, device, and system to improve the safety of the charging process.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a fast charging safety protection circuit, including the following steps:

[0007] Battery;

[0008] The charging interface is used to receive the charging voltage provided by an external power source.

[0009] The control module is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially.

[0010] A charging management module, connected to the battery, the charging interface and the control module, is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable-off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable-on signal.

[0011] A voltage detection module, connected to the charging interface, is used to detect and send the no-load voltage to the control module when the charging state is not in use, and to detect and send the load voltage to the control module when the charging state is in use.

[0012] The control module is also connected to the voltage detection module, and is used to receive the no-load voltage and the load voltage, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module; the charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage is lower than the voltage difference value, and the voltage difference value is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold.

[0013] The charging management module disconnects the charging circuit between the external power source and the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the voltage detection module includes:

[0015] A voltage divider circuit, connected to the charging interface, is used to divide the acquired voltage signal.

[0016] An analog-to-digital converter, connected to the voltage divider circuit, is used to convert the divided analog voltage signal into a digital signal and provide it to the control module to obtain the no-load voltage or the load voltage.

[0017] In some embodiments, the charging interface is a POGO PIN connection port.

[0018] In some embodiments, the charging interface includes a plurality of power pins;

[0019] The voltage detection module is connected to the plurality of power supply pins and is used to perform independent voltage detection on each of the power supply pins.

[0020] In some embodiments, the control module includes:

[0021] A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module, is used to perform a subtraction operation between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference;

[0022] A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference with the load voltage. If the load voltage is less than or equal to the voltage difference, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent.

[0023] A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module based on the received voltage comparison signal.

[0024] In some embodiments, the voltage drop threshold is positively correlated with the product of the maximum input current and the line impedance of the charging path between the charging interface and the external power supply.

[0025] Secondly, this application also provides a chip including the fast charging safety protection circuit as described in the first aspect.

[0026] Thirdly, this application also provides an electronic device, including the fast charging safety protection circuit as described in the first aspect or the chip as described in the second aspect.

[0027] Fourthly, this application also provides a fast charging safety protection system, including an electronic device, an external power supply, a charger, and a voltage detection module. The electronic device includes a charging interface for receiving charging voltage provided by the external power supply. The external power supply is connected to the electronic device via the charger. The voltage detection module is connected to the electronic device and is used to detect the open-circuit voltage at the charging interface when the electronic device is not charging, and the load voltage at the charging interface when the electronic device is charging. The electronic device further includes:

[0028] Battery;

[0029] The control module is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially.

[0030] A charging management module, connected to the battery, the charging interface and the control module, is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable-off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable-on signal.

[0031] The control module is also connected to the voltage detection module, and is used to receive the no-load voltage and the load voltage, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module; the charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage is lower than the voltage difference value, and the voltage difference value is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold.

[0032] The charging management module disconnects the charging circuit between the external power source and the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.

[0033] In some embodiments, the control module includes:

[0034] A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module, is used to perform a subtraction operation between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference;

[0035] A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference with the load voltage. If the load voltage is less than or equal to the voltage difference, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent.

[0036] A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module based on the received voltage comparison signal.

[0037] The fast-charging safety protection circuit, chip, device, and system provided in this application, at the start of charging, the control module sends an enable / disable signal to control the charging management module to shut down, thus switching the battery to a non-charging state, and obtains the open-circuit voltage through the voltage detection module. Then, the control module sends an enable / open signal to control the charging management module to open, thus switching the battery to a charging state, and obtains the load voltage through the voltage detection module. In this way, the control module can calculate the voltage difference between the open-circuit voltage and the voltage drop threshold, and compare the voltage difference with the load voltage. If the voltage difference is lower than the load voltage, it is determined that the charging connection impedance is abnormal and a charging protection signal is generated. The control module sends the charging protection signal to the charging management module. Upon receiving the charging protection signal, the charging management module disconnects the charging circuit between the external power supply and the battery to terminate the charging and trigger the charging protection mechanism. This application determines whether to disconnect the power supply by detecting the voltage drop, resulting in a fast response speed and effectively solving the risk of casing melting due to poor contact at the charger, greatly improving charging safety. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fast charging safety protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fast charging safety protection system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] To enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use this application, the following description is provided. In this description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known processes will not be described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the embodiments of this application with unnecessary detail. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0044] POGO PIN charging is a charging method that uses POGO PIN spring pins as electrical connection elements. POGO PIN charging typically uses a 5V / 2A charging method because the voltage drop is small, reducing the risk of poor contact leading to overheating and casing melting. However, with increasingly larger battery capacities and faster charging demands, conventional charging methods are no longer sufficient. Using higher voltages, such as ≥9V, can easily cause overheating and even casing melting due to poor contact at the charging connection. Therefore, a safer charging detection mechanism is needed to improve high-voltage, high-power charging.

[0045] The fast charging safety protection circuit, chip, device, and system of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to solve the above problems.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fast-charging safety protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the fast charging safety protection circuit includes:

[0047] Battery 23;

[0048] The charging interface 24 is used to receive the charging voltage provided by the external power supply 1.

[0049] Control module 22 is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially;

[0050] The charging management module 21 is connected to the battery 23, the charging interface 24 and the control module 22, and is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable on signal.

[0051] The voltage detection module 3 is connected to the charging interface 24 and is used to detect and send the no-load voltage V1 to the control module 22 when the non-charging state is not in use, and to detect and send the load voltage V2 to the control module 22 when the charging state is in use.

[0052] The control module 22 is also connected to the voltage detection module 3, and is used to receive the no-load voltage V1 and the load voltage V2, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module 21; the charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage V2 is lower than the voltage difference ΔV, and the voltage difference ΔV is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage V1 and the voltage drop threshold.

[0053] When the charging management module 21 receives the charging protection signal, it disconnects the charging circuit between the external power supply 1 and the battery 23.

[0054] Specifically, battery 23 may include lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion, LIB), lithium polymer batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc. External power supply 1 refers to any external power source that can charge the device, such as a power bank or AC power. Charging interface 24 includes USB interface or Type-C interface, etc.

[0055] The device is placed on the charging base, and an external power supply 1 is connected. When the device is charging, the power input terminal of the charging interface 24 can be connected to the external power supply 1. The control output terminal of the control module 22 is connected to the signal input terminal of the charging management module 21, used to send an enable / disable signal to the charging management module 21, so that the charging management module 21 switches to a non-charging state. At this time, the charging management module 21 prevents the charging voltage provided by the external power supply 1 from being supplied to the battery 23, thus the battery 23 also switches to a non-charging state. Since the voltage detection module 3 is connected to the charging interface 24, the control voltage detection module 3 detects the open-circuit voltage V1 of the charging interface 24 and sends it to the control module 22. In the non-charging state, the control module 22 uses I... 2 The C-bus command voltage detection module 3 samples and converts the voltage of the charging interface 24. At this time, the measured open-circuit voltage V1 is close to the open-circuit voltage of the external power supply 1. Then, when an enable signal is sent to the charging management module 21, the charging management module 21 switches to the charging state. At this time, the charging management module 21 begins to charge the battery 23 with the charging voltage provided by the external power supply 1. Thus, the battery 23 also switches to the charging state, connects the charging circuit, and begins to charge the battery 23 with a large current. In the charging state, the control module 22 again sends an I-bus command to the charging interface 24. 2The C-bus command voltage detection module 3 samples and converts the voltage of the charging interface 24. At this time, the control voltage detection module 3 detects the load voltage V2 of the charging interface 24 and sends it to the control module 22. Due to the voltage drop across the contact resistance caused by the charging current, this load voltage V2 will be lower than the no-load voltage V1. After receiving the no-load voltage V1 and the load voltage V2, the control module 22 can calculate the voltage difference ΔV between the no-load voltage V1 and the voltage drop threshold. Then, the control module 22 compares the load voltage V2 with the voltage difference ΔV. If the load voltage V2 is greater than or equal to the voltage difference ΔV, it indicates that the charging connector contact impedance is normal and charging can proceed normally. If the voltage difference ΔV is less than (or lower than) the preset voltage drop threshold, it is determined that the charging connection impedance is abnormal and a charging protection signal is generated. The control module 22 sends the charging protection signal to the charging management module 21. Upon receiving the charging protection signal, the charging management module 21 disconnects the charging circuit between the external power supply 1 and the battery 23 through its internally included power MOSFET switch, stopping charging and fundamentally eliminating the risk of continued heat generation.

[0056] This application determines whether to disconnect the power supply by detecting voltage drop. It has a fast response speed and is not affected by secondary temperature or the heating of other parts of the device. It can detect abnormal heating power the moment it begins to generate and cut off the current before the heat accumulates to a dangerous level, thus achieving prevention in advance. It effectively solves the risk of the charger casing melting due to poor contact and greatly improves charging safety.

[0057] In some embodiments, the voltage detection module 3 includes:

[0058] A voltage divider circuit, connected to the charging interface 24, is used to divide the collected voltage signal.

[0059] An analog-to-digital converter, connected to the voltage divider circuit, is used to convert the divided analog voltage signal into a digital signal and provide it to the control module 22 to obtain the no-load voltage V1 or the load voltage V2.

[0060] Specifically, the voltage divider circuit can be a classic two-resistor series circuit. For example, the voltage divider circuit includes a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2). One end of the first resistor (R1) is connected to the charging interface 24 to be tested, and the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor (R2). This connection point is the voltage divider output point. The other end of the second resistor (R2) is grounded (GND). The voltage divider circuit scales the high voltage (V_in) at the charging interface 24 proportionally, and its voltage division ratio is determined by the formula V_out = V_in * [R2 / (R1+R2)]. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be a standalone ADC chip (such as TI's ADS1115) or an on-chip ADC unit integrated into the control module 22 (MCU). The analog voltage input channel (AINx) of the ADC is directly connected to the above-mentioned voltage divider output point to acquire the divided analog voltage signal (V_out). The ADC converts the continuous analog voltage signal (V_out) into a discrete digital signal at a certain sampling rate. This digital value directly represents the magnitude of the measured voltage. After conversion, the analog-to-digital converter transmits the signal via a digital bus (such as I...). 2 The digital signal (either via C, SPI, or directly written to the MCU's memory register) is sent to the control module 22. After receiving this digital value, the control module 22 only needs to perform a simple inverse calculation based on the known voltage division ratio (1 / 4) to restore the actual voltage (no-load voltage V1 or load voltage V2) at the charging interface 24, which is then used for the logic judgment of whether the control module 22 should generate a charging protection signal.

[0061] In some embodiments, the charging interface 24 is a POGO PIN connection port.

[0062] Specifically, the POGO PIN interface receives charging voltage (VIN) from an external charging dock or adapter. The POGO PIN connection port includes a set of spring pins (POGO PIN) and a docking station. The set of spring pins, acting as the male end, is fixed inside the device housing, with the pin tips slightly protruding from pre-drilled holes in the housing. This set of spring pins includes at least two parallel power pins (VCC_PIN) and at least two ground pins (GND_PIN). The power pins transmit charging current, and the ground pins form a circuit. The docking station, acting as the female end, has metal contacts (Pads) on its surface that precisely correspond to the positions of the spring pins on the device. The docking station connects to an external power adapter via a cable. When the device is placed on or magnetically attached to the docking station, the spring pins on the device physically align with the metal contacts on the docking station, guided by magnets (usually integrated within both devices for alignment) or mechanical rails. The tip of the spring-loaded needle is pressed down by the contacts on the base, compressing the internal spring and generating a continuous rebound force to ensure a tight and stable electrical contact between the needle tip and the contacts. Thus, the charging voltage provided by the external power supply 1 is delivered to the charging management module 21 via the base contacts → spring-loaded needle → PCB traces inside the device.

[0063] In practical applications, a single power pin may be affected by some accidental factors, such as electromagnetic interference or poor contact, leading to instantaneous voltage fluctuations and thus causing misjudgments of abnormal impedance in the charging circuit. To solve the above problem, in some embodiments, the charging interface 24 includes multiple power pins;

[0064] The voltage detection module 3 is connected to the plurality of power supply pins and is used to perform independent voltage detection on each of the power supply pins.

[0065] Specifically, the charging interface 24 includes multiple power pins. For example, given the parallel nature of the POGO PIN, this embodiment provides a power pin on the input line of each individual power pin (VCC_PIN).

[0066] The voltage detection module 3 can be designed to have multi-channel detection capability. It can include multiple independent voltage divider circuits and a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Each power supply pin (VCC_PINn) corresponds to an independent voltage divider circuit (composed of resistors R1_n and R2_n) to proportionally reduce the high voltage (V_in_n) on that power supply pin to a safe range measurable by the ADC. A multi-input channel ADC chip (such as the 4-channel ADS1115) or a multi-channel ADC built into the MCU can be used. In this way, the output point (V_out_n) of each voltage divider circuit is connected to an independent input channel (AINn) of the ADC. Under the command of the control module 22, the multi-channel ADC can synchronously or asynchronously sample and perform analog-to-digital conversion on all input channels (AIN1, AIN2, ..., AINn) connected to the voltage divider circuits. The control module 22 communicates via I... 2 The C-type bus reads the converted digital values ​​(D1, D2, ..., Dn) from all channels of the ADC. For the digital value of each channel, the control module 22 independently performs back calculations based on its corresponding voltage division ratio (determined by the resistance values ​​of R1_n and R2_n) to obtain the actual voltage value (V1, V2, ..., Vn) on each power supply pin. This process is performed on all pins, whether in the no-load or load phase.

[0067] The control module 22 compares the load voltage V2 (V2_n) of each power supply pin with the voltage difference ΔV calculated based on the no-load voltage V1 (V1_n). It performs independent voltage monitoring for each power supply pin. If the load voltage V2 of any power supply pin is greater than the voltage difference ΔV, the control module 22 determines that there is an abnormal contact impedance of the power supply pin. The control module 22 then generates a charging protection signal (i.e., sends an enable / disable signal to the charging management module 21 again). This ensures that any poor contact of any power supply pin will be detected and dealt with immediately, without any detection blind spots, which greatly improves the comprehensiveness and reliability of the protection circuit.

[0068] Of course, comparing the load voltage V2 with the voltage difference ΔV based solely on a single voltage detection point may lead to misjudgment due to special circumstances at that point (such as electromagnetic interference, poor contact, etc.), incorrectly triggering the charging protection mechanism or failing to trigger it in time. The control module 22 can also acquire the no-load voltage V1 and the load voltage V2 corresponding to multiple voltage detection points at the same time, comparing the average load voltage V2 with the average voltage difference ΔV. The average load voltage V2 is the average of multiple load voltages V2, and the average voltage difference ΔV is the average of multiple voltage differences ΔV. This effectively smooths out voltage fluctuations caused by these accidental factors, reduces the risk of misjudgment due to single-point measurement errors, reduces dependence on a single detection point, and avoids protection function failure due to a sensor malfunction. For example, if a detection point is permanently damaged, the average of the remaining normal points can still provide a valid basis for judgment, thereby improving the system's fault tolerance and long-term reliability. Since the charging path may have uneven impedance distribution (such as connector oxidation, wire wear, etc.), this method is not recommended. By comparing the average values ​​at multiple points, the overall voltage drop along the path can be reflected, i.e. the voltage at different locations along the charging path. The average value calculation can more accurately reflect the relationship between the load voltage V2 and the voltage difference ΔV under real conditions, which helps to identify global anomalies (such as aging of the entire circuit) rather than localized occasional problems. This allows for a more accurate judgment of whether the impedance of the charging circuit is abnormal, which can reduce the probability of misjudgment and ensure the safety and reliability of the charging process.

[0069] In some embodiments, the control module 22 includes:

[0070] A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module 3, is used to perform a subtraction operation on the no-load voltage V1 and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference ΔV;

[0071] A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference ΔV with the load voltage V2. If the load voltage V2 is less than or equal to the voltage difference ΔV, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent.

[0072] A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module 21 based on the received voltage comparison signal.

[0073] Specifically, the subtractor can be constructed using a first operational amplifier. The non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier is connected to a reference voltage source (Vref) through a voltage divider resistor R1. The value of this reference voltage source is set to represent the voltage drop threshold ΔV (Note: Since it is a subtraction, it is usually processed as negative logic, or an offset voltage is used; see the beneficial effect analysis for another better solution). The inverting input of the first operational amplifier is connected to the output of the voltage detection module 3 through another voltage divider resistor R2 to receive the no-load voltage V1. By configuring the ratio of the external resistors (Rf, Rg), the output voltage V_diff of the subtractor (U1) is made to satisfy: V_diff = A*(Vref - V1), where A is the amplification factor. By setting Vref and A, the output of V_diff is equivalent to the threshold voltage value of the voltage difference ΔV(V1 - ΔV).

[0074] The voltage comparator can be constructed using a single voltage comparator chip. The inverting input of the voltage comparator is connected to the output of the subtractor (U1) to receive the voltage difference ΔV(V1-ΔV). The non-inverting input of the voltage comparator is directly connected to the output of the voltage detection module 3 to receive the actual load voltage V2 in real time. When the load voltage V2 ≥ the voltage difference ΔV(V1-ΔV), the output is high; when the load voltage V2 < the voltage difference ΔV(V1-ΔV), the output instantly flips to low (0V). This low-level signal is the voltage comparison signal.

[0075] The signal generation unit can be constructed from a simple D flip-flop or a monostable multivibrator. The output of the voltage comparator is connected to the clock (CLK) input of the D flip-flop or serves as the trigger input of the monostable multivibrator. When a falling edge of the voltage comparator output is received (from high to low, indicating an abnormality), the output state of the signal generation unit immediately flips (e.g., from high to low) and latches this state. This latched low-level output signal is the final charging protection signal, which is sent to the charging management module 21 to force the charging management module 21 to disconnect the charging circuit between the external power supply 1 and the battery 23.

[0076] This embodiment is entirely implemented using hardware circuitry. The operation of this hardware circuitry is continuous and automatic. The control module 22 is constructed entirely from hardware circuitry. Compared to solutions implemented via MCU software, the signal flow propagates purely physically within the circuit, affected only by the switching rates and propagation delays of the operational amplifiers and comparators. This shortens the delay between detecting an anomaly and executing protection, allowing for the complete cutoff of the energy source before the heat generation reaches a dangerous level, significantly improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the protection circuitry.

[0077] In some embodiments, the voltage drop threshold is positively correlated with the product of the maximum input current and the line impedance of the charging path between the charging interface 24 and the external power supply 1.

[0078] Specifically, the maximum input current and the line impedance of the charging path between charging interface 24 and external power supply 1 can be obtained. The voltage drop threshold ΔV is calculated by multiplying the maximum input current and the line impedance. After obtaining the voltage drop threshold ΔV, load voltage V2, and no-load voltage V1, the voltage drop threshold ΔV is subtracted from the no-load voltage V1 to obtain the difference. Then, the difference is compared with the load voltage V2. If the load voltage V2 is higher than the voltage difference ΔV (i.e., the load voltage V2 is between V1 and V1-ΔV), it indicates that the charger contact impedance is normal and charging can proceed normally. If the load voltage V2 is lower than the voltage difference ΔV (i.e., the load voltage V2 is below V1-ΔV), it indicates that the charger contact impedance is abnormal, triggering the charging protection mechanism. This application, from the perspective of impedance and the principle of heat generation, determines whether to disconnect the power supply by detecting the voltage drop. The response speed is fast, effectively solving the risk of high-temperature melting at the connection between electronic device 2 and charger due to poor contact, thus improving charging safety.

[0079] This application also provides a chip including the fast charging safety protection circuit as described in the above embodiments.

[0080] This application also provides an electronic device 2, including the fast charging safety protection circuit or chip as described in the above embodiments.

[0081] Fourthly, this application also provides a fast charging safety protection system, including an electronic device 2, an external power supply 1, a charger, and a voltage detection module 3. The electronic device 2 includes a charging interface 24 for receiving the charging voltage provided by the external power supply 1. The external power supply 1 is connected to the electronic device 2 via the charger. The voltage detection module 3 is connected to the electronic device 2. The voltage detection module 3 is used to detect the open-circuit voltage V1 at the charging interface 24 when the electronic device 2 is in a non-charging state, and the load voltage V2 at the charging interface 24 when the electronic device 2 is in a charging state. The electronic device 2 further includes:

[0082] Battery 23;

[0083] Control module 22 is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially;

[0084] The charging management module 21 is connected to the battery 23, the charging interface 24 and the control module 22, and is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable on signal.

[0085] The control module 22 is also connected to the voltage detection module 3, and is used to receive the no-load voltage V1 and the load voltage V2, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module 21; the charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage V2 is lower than the voltage difference ΔV, and the voltage difference ΔV is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage V1 and the voltage drop threshold.

[0086] When the charging management module 21 receives the charging protection signal, it disconnects the charging circuit between the external power supply 1 and the battery 23.

[0087] Specifically, electronic device 2 includes devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and POS machines. The parts of this embodiment that are the same as those in the above embodiments are described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] In some embodiments, the control module 22 includes:

[0089] A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module, is used to perform a subtraction operation on the no-load voltage V1 and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference ΔV;

[0090] A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference ΔV with the load voltage V2. If the load voltage V2 is less than or equal to the voltage difference ΔV, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent.

[0091] A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module 21 based on the received voltage comparison signal.

[0092] The parts of this embodiment that are the same as those in the above embodiments are referred to in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0093] Because line impedance decreases at low temperatures and increases at high temperatures, using a fixed voltage drop threshold ΔV may lead to errors in determining whether the charging circuit has abnormal impedance. To address this issue, some embodiments further include:

[0094] A first temperature sensor is used to detect a first temperature of the battery 23;

[0095] A second temperature sensor is used to detect the second temperature of the charging interface 24;

[0096] The control module 22 is connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and dynamically adjusts the voltage drop threshold ΔV according to the first temperature or the second temperature; the voltage drop threshold ΔV is positively correlated with the first temperature or the second temperature.

[0097] Specifically, a high-response-speed NTC thermistor or infrared sensor is selected to detect the first temperature and the second temperature near the charging interface 24 or at the battery 23 inside the target device. Since the charging path between the charging interface 24 and the external power supply 1 is typically made of a metallic material (such as copper), the impedance R of the charging path (or charging line) increases with increasing temperature (positive temperature coefficient). Because the impedance R increases with increasing temperature, the voltage drop threshold ΔV is positively correlated with the second temperature (or the first temperature). Therefore, the voltage drop threshold ΔV is dynamically adjusted according to the first or second temperature. Specifically, the higher the detected temperature (the second temperature and / or the first temperature), the higher the voltage drop threshold ΔV is dynamically adjusted; the lower the detected temperature (the second temperature and / or the first temperature), the lower the voltage drop threshold ΔV is dynamically adjusted.

[0098] Example: If the normal temperature T_0 = 25℃, ΔV0 = 0.5V. When the temperature rises to T = 50℃, the ΔV threshold is adjusted to: ΔVadj = 0.5 × [1 + 0.00393 × (50 - 25)] ≈ 0.55V.

[0099] This application addresses the issue of increased line impedance due to temperature rise by dynamically adjusting the voltage drop threshold ΔV. This counteracts the natural increase in line impedance caused by temperature, preventing normal voltage drops caused by environmental factors or battery heating from being misinterpreted as abnormal. This effectively identifies abnormal voltage drops and reduces the probability of false triggering of protection mechanisms. In low-temperature environments, when line impedance decreases, dynamically lowering the threshold improves detection sensitivity in low-temperature scenarios, preventing missed detection of potential faults. By dynamically adjusting the voltage drop threshold ΔV based on temperature detection, this application reduces charging anomalies and faults caused by temperature changes. This contributes to improving the stability and reliability of the charging system, reducing maintenance costs and the risk of equipment damage.

[0100] In practice, each of the above units or modules can be implemented as an independent entity or can be combined arbitrarily to be implemented as the same or several entities. The implementation of each of the above units or modules for data collection in supply chain management projects can be referred to the previous method implementation examples, and will not be repeated here.

[0101] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. For parts not described in detail in a particular embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process and beneficial effects of the data acquisition system and its corresponding units described above can be found in the description of the fast-charging safety protection circuit in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] The fast charging safety protection circuit, chip, device, and system provided in the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A fast charging safety protection circuit, characterized in that, include: Battery; The charging interface is used to receive the charging voltage provided by an external power source. The control module is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially. A charging management module, connected to the battery, the charging interface and the control module, is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable-off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable-on signal. A voltage detection module, connected to the charging interface, is used to detect and send the no-load voltage to the control module when the charging state is not in use, and to detect and send the load voltage to the control module when the charging state is in use. The control module is also connected to the voltage detection module, and is used to receive the no-load voltage and the load voltage, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module; The charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage is lower than the voltage difference, where the voltage difference is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold. The charging management module disconnects the charging circuit between the external power source and the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.

2. The fast charging safety protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection module includes: A voltage divider circuit, connected to the charging interface, is used to divide the acquired voltage signal. An analog-to-digital converter, connected to the voltage divider circuit, is used to convert the divided analog voltage signal into a digital signal and provide it to the control module to obtain the no-load voltage or the load voltage.

3. The fast charging safety protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging interface is a POGO PIN connection port.

4. The fast charging safety protection circuit according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The charging interface includes multiple power pins; The voltage detection module is connected to the plurality of power supply pins and is used to perform independent voltage detection on each of the power supply pins.

5. The fast charging safety protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes: A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module, is used to perform a subtraction operation between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference; A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference with the load voltage. If the load voltage is less than or equal to the voltage difference, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent. A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module based on the received voltage comparison signal.

6. The fast charging safety protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage drop threshold is positively correlated with the product of the maximum input current and the line impedance of the charging path between the charging interface and the external power supply.

7. A chip, characterized in that, Includes the fast charging safety protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes the fast charging safety protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the chip as described in claim 7.

9. A fast charging safety protection system, characterized in that, The system includes an electronic device, an external power supply, a charger, and a voltage detection module. The electronic device includes a charging interface for receiving charging voltage from the external power supply. The external power supply is connected to the electronic device via the charger. The voltage detection module is connected to the electronic device and is used to detect the open-circuit voltage at the charging interface when the electronic device is not charging, and the load voltage at the charging interface when the electronic device is charging. The electronic device also includes: Battery; The control module is used to generate and send enable / disable signals and enable / open signals sequentially. A charging management module, connected to the battery, the charging interface and the control module, is used to switch to a non-charging state when receiving the enable-off signal and to switch to a charging state when receiving the enable-on signal. The control module is also connected to the voltage detection module, and is used to receive the no-load voltage and the load voltage, and generate a charging protection signal to the charging management module; the charging protection signal is generated when the load voltage is lower than the voltage difference value, and the voltage difference value is equal to the difference between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold. The charging management module disconnects the charging circuit between the external power source and the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.

10. The fast charging safety protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control module includes: A subtractor, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage detection module, is used to perform a subtraction operation between the no-load voltage and the voltage drop threshold to obtain the voltage difference; A voltage comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtractor, is used to compare the received voltage difference with the load voltage. If the load voltage is less than or equal to the voltage difference, a voltage comparison signal is generated and sent. A signal generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage comparator, is used to output the corresponding charging protection signal to the charging management module based on the received voltage comparison signal.

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