A battery and an electric appliance control circuit and a power supply device having the same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of battery and consumer control circuit and power supply device with it, control circuit includes three leg controllable element, first optocoupler, second optocoupler;Three leg controllable element has the control end of its conduction or disconnection;The input side of first optocoupler is connected with the power supply anode pin of battery, and is grounded by three leg controllable element;The output side of first optocoupler is connected with the feedback pin of consumer;The input side of second optocoupler is connected with the given voltage pin of consumer, and the output side of second optocoupler is respectively connected with the power supply anode pin of battery, state alarm pin;The control end of three leg controllable element is connected with the state alarm pin of battery, for receiving the voltage variation signal of state alarm pin output of battery, which represents battery state exception.The utility model can control multiple series connection battery for consumer power supply, and can make in multiple series connection battery cathode in same point, solve the problem that battery in battery pack is not common.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery control circuits, and more particularly to a battery and electrical appliance control circuit and a power supply device having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, with their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, have become the core energy carrier for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, continuous discharge of lithium batteries under abnormal conditions such as over-discharge, low-temperature environments, or internal faults can lead to irreversible capacity decay, electrolyte decomposition, and even thermal runaway, causing safety problems. Therefore, terminating the discharge circuit in real time when the battery is not ready to discharge is a critical safety function of the battery management system (BMS).

[0003] Currently, the mainstream solutions in the industry can be divided into two technical paths:

[0004] One approach is an integrated discharge control scheme within the battery pack. This scheme integrates high-power MOSFETs or mechanical relays as discharge switches within the battery pack, with the built-in BMS directly controlling the switching on and off. When the battery voltage is detected to be below the cutoff threshold (e.g., 2.5V / cell), the temperature exceeds the operating range (e.g., <0℃ or >45℃), or an internal short circuit is detected, the BMS actively cuts off the discharge circuit. Its core advantage is that it eliminates the need for external equipment, allowing the battery pack to achieve closed-loop protection as an independent unit. However, this architecture has significant drawbacks: high hardware costs: high-current switching devices (e.g., 100A-class MOSFETs) and drive circuits must meet the ISO 26262 ASIL-C functional safety standard, increasing material costs by 15%-20%; space constraints: the heat dissipation design of the switching devices requires valuable space within the battery pack, conflicting with the high energy density design goal; and reliability challenges: frequent switching can easily lead to contact adhesion or breakdown failures, accounting for 23% of battery pack failures according to statistics.

[0005] The second approach is a device-driven discharge control scheme. This scheme removes the internal discharge switch of the battery pack and instead sends a discharge enable signal (Discharge Enable Flag) to the device via a communication bus (such as CAN, SMBus, or HDQ). After receiving the signal, the device sets up a switching circuit in its internal power path. However, this scheme suffers from the problem that the individual batteries in the battery pack do not share a common ground, preventing the device from directly connecting to the battery.

[0006] The above background information is provided only to aid in understanding the concept and technical solution of this utility model. It does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application, nor does it necessarily provide technical guidance. In the absence of clear evidence that the above information was disclosed before the filing date of this patent application, the above background information should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery and electrical appliance control circuit that can connect batteries and electrical devices. The battery pack does not need to have a built-in discharge switch, reducing costs. Furthermore, this control circuit can solve the problem of different grounds among the batteries in a battery pack when multiple batteries are connected in series.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A battery and appliance control circuit is applied between a battery and an appliance. The battery is equipped with a positive power supply pin and a status alarm pin. The appliance is equipped with a power input pin, a feedback pin, and a set voltage pin. The power input pin of the appliance is configured to be connected to the positive power supply pin of a battery. The control circuit includes at least one control circuit unit, which corresponds one-to-one with the battery. The control circuit unit includes a three-pin controllable element, a first optocoupler, and a second optocoupler. The three-pin controllable element has a control terminal for controlling its on or off state.

[0010] The input side of the first optocoupler is configured to be connected to the positive power pin of the battery and grounded through the three-pin controllable element; the output side of the first optocoupler is configured to be connected to the feedback pin of the appliance.

[0011] The input side of the second optocoupler is configured to be connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance, and the output side of the second optocoupler is configured to be connected to the positive power pin and the status alarm pin of the battery, respectively.

[0012] The control terminal of the three-legged controllable element is connected to the battery status alarm pin and is used to receive the voltage change signal representing an abnormal battery status output by the battery status alarm pin.

[0013] Furthermore, based on any or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the control circuit unit further includes a first resistor;

[0014] The output collector of the second optocoupler is connected to the positive power supply pin of the battery, and the output emitter of the second optocoupler is connected to the control terminal of the three-pin controllable element through the first resistor.

[0015] Furthermore, based on any or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the control circuit unit further includes a second resistor;

[0016] The anode of the second optocoupler is connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance through the second resistor, and the cathode of the second optocoupler is grounded.

[0017] Furthermore, in accordance with any or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the control circuit unit further includes a third resistor;

[0018] The anode of the input side of the first optocoupler is connected to the collector of the output side of the second optocoupler through the third resistor, the cathode of the input side of the first optocoupler is connected to the negative terminal of the three-legged controllable element, and the positive terminal of the three-legged controllable element is grounded.

[0019] Furthermore, following any one or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the output collector of the first optocoupler is connected to the feedback pin of the electrical appliance, and the output emitter of the first optocoupler is grounded.

[0020] Furthermore, following any one or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the control circuit controls at least one of the batteries, the number of the batteries is the same as the number of the control circuit units, and the batteries correspond one-to-one with the control circuit units.

[0021] Furthermore, in accordance with any or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the number of the battery and the control circuit unit are both multiple, the battery is also equipped with a grounding pin, multiple batteries are connected in series, and the positive power pin of the previous battery is connected to the grounding pin of the next battery.

[0022] The appliance is also equipped with a grounding pin, and the power input pin of the appliance is configured to be connected to the positive power pin of the first battery. The grounding pin of the appliance is grounded together with the grounding pin of the last battery.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, a power supply device is provided, including a battery and a battery and appliance control circuit as described above.

[0024] Furthermore, following any one or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the number of batteries is multiple and connected in series, and the output voltage range of the series-connected batteries is between 200V and 2000V.

[0025] Furthermore, following any or a combination of the aforementioned technical solutions, the battery is equipped with a detection circuit, a positive power supply pin, a status alarm pin, and a ground pin. The status alarm pin is electrically connected to the detection circuit, which is a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, or a temperature detection circuit.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0027] a. The three-pin controllable element of the control circuit unit of this utility model is not directly connected to the B+ terminal, which can avoid the battery from continuously losing power when the appliance is not working.

[0028] b. The control circuit can control multiple series-connected batteries to supply power to electrical appliances, and can ensure that the negative terminals of multiple series-connected batteries are at the same point, thus solving the problem of batteries in the battery pack not sharing a common ground. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a single battery and an appliance control circuit is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of multiple batteries and an electrical appliance control circuit is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0034] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1 As shown, a battery and appliance control circuit is provided, applied between a battery 100 and an appliance 200, wherein the battery 100 is equipped with a positive power supply pin ( Figure 1 The B+ pin and the status alarm pin (in the middle) Figure 1 The appliance 200 is equipped with a power input pin (DS pin in the circuit). Figure 1 The B+ pin (pin 4) and the feedback pin (in the text) Figure 1 The FB pin (pin 3) and the given voltage pin (in the pin) Figure 1 The power input pin of the appliance 200 is configured to be connected to the positive terminal of a battery. The control circuit includes at least one control circuit unit 300, which corresponds one-to-one with the battery 100. The control circuit unit 300 includes a first optocoupler U1, a second optocoupler U2, and a three-pin controllable element U3. The three-pin controllable element U3 has a control terminal for controlling its on or off state (i.e., ...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first end of the three-legged controllable component U3);

[0035] The input side of the second optocoupler U2 is configured to be connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance 200, and the output side of the second optocoupler U2 is configured to be connected to the positive power supply pin and the status alarm pin DS of the battery 100, respectively; specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown: the anode of the input side of the second optocoupler U2 is connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance 200 through the second resistor, and the cathode of the input side of the second optocoupler U2 is grounded; the control circuit unit 300 also includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, the collector of the output side of the second optocoupler U2 is connected to the positive power supply pin of the battery, and the emitter of the output side of the second optocoupler U2 is connected to the control terminal of the three-legged controllable element through the first resistor R1.

[0036] The input side of the first optocoupler U1 is configured to be connected to the positive power supply pin of the battery 100 and grounded through the three-pin controllable element U3; the output side of the first optocoupler U1 is configured to be connected to the feedback pin of the appliance, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown: The control circuit unit further includes a third resistor R3; the anode of the input side of the first optocoupler U1 is connected to the collector of the output side of the second optocoupler U2 through the third resistor R3, and the cathode of the input side of the first optocoupler U1 is connected to the negative terminal of the three-legged controllable element (i.e., Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second end of the three-legged controllable element U3 is connected, and the positive terminal of the three-legged controllable element (i.e., Figure 1 and Figure 2 The third terminal of the three-legged controllable element U3 is grounded; the output collector of the first optocoupler U1 is connected to the feedback pin of the electrical appliance 200, and the output emitter of the first optocoupler U1 is grounded.

[0037] The control terminal of the three-pin controllable element U3 is connected to the battery's status alarm pin DS, and is used to receive the voltage change signal representing an abnormal battery status output by the battery's status alarm pin DS. Specifically, the battery has internal detection circuits, such as current detection circuits, voltage detection circuits, or temperature detection circuits.

[0038] The three-pronged controllable element is connected to the first optocoupler U1 and the second optocoupler U2, specifically as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, both the first optocoupler U1 and the second optocoupler U2 have four pins. The first pin of the optocoupler marked 1 is the input-side anode, the second pin of the optocoupler marked 2 is the input-side cathode, the third pin of the optocoupler marked 3 is the output-side emitter, and the fourth pin of the optocoupler marked 4 is the output-side collector. The first pin of the three-pin controllable element U3 is connected to the third pin of the second optocoupler through the first resistor. The second pin of the three-pin controllable element U3 is connected to the second pin of the first optocoupler. The third pin of the three-pin controllable element U3 is connected to the GND pin of the battery. The second pin of the first resistor is connected to the B pin of the battery through the second optocoupler. The + terminal (i.e., the positive power pin of battery 100) is connected; the first optocoupler U1 and the second optocoupler U2 are connected to the appliance 200; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second optocoupler U2, and the other end is connected to the appliance 200; the third terminal of the first optocoupler U1 and the second terminal of the second optocoupler are both grounded; one end of the third resistor is connected to the B+ terminal of the battery; the other end is connected to the first terminal of the first optocoupler; the fourth terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the FB terminal of the appliance; the B+ terminal of the battery, one end of the third resistor, and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler are connected to the appliance.

[0039] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the DS signal of the battery is transmitted to the appliance 200 via the circuit composed of U3, R3, and U1. The working principle is as follows: When the signal of the internal detection circuit of the battery is abnormal, that is, the battery is prohibited from discharging, the status alarm pin DS is equivalent to a 20kΩ resistor grounded, making the control terminal voltage of U3 lower than 2.5V, resulting in the negative terminal of U3 being in a high-resistance state and unable to drive the first optocoupler U1; when the signal of the internal detection circuit of the battery is not abnormal, that is, the battery is allowed to discharge, the status alarm pin DS is floating, at this time, power is drawn from the positive power supply pin of the battery 100 through the first resistor R1 (200kΩ), making the control terminal voltage of the three-pin controllable element U3 higher than 2.5V, triggering the negative and positive terminals of the three-pin controllable element U3 to conduct to ground, and the positive power supply pin of the battery 100 drives the primary side of the first optocoupler U1 through the first resistor R1, transmitting the status to the appliance 200. In one specific embodiment, the three-pin controllable element U3 is a voltage comparator. When the voltage difference between its control terminal and the positive terminal is greater than a preset voltage threshold (e.g., 2.5V), the positive and negative terminals of the three-pin controllable element U3 are connected; otherwise, its negative terminal is in a high-resistance state.

[0040] To avoid standby power loss caused by the first resistor R1 being directly connected to the positive power pin of the battery 100, a second optocoupler U2 is added in series between the first resistor R1 and the positive power pin of the battery 100: when the appliance 200 is turned on, the V+ voltage drives the second optocoupler U2 to conduct through the second resistor R2, connecting the first resistor R1 to the B+ terminal of the battery 100; when the appliance 200 is turned off, U2 is disconnected, cutting off the power supply path between the first resistor R1 and the B+ terminal of the battery 100. Resistor values ​​are based on the following: R3 = 4.7kΩ (when B+ = 18V, U1 drive current = (18V - 3V) / 4.7kΩ ≈ 3.33mA); R2 = 4.7kΩ (when V+ = 12V, U2 drive current = (12V - 1.2V) / 4.7kΩ ≈ 2.3mA); R1 = 200kΩ, ensuring that the voltage divider value during DS pull-down (when B+ = 21V: 21V × 20kΩ / (200kΩ + 20kΩ) ≈ 1.9V) is lower than the U3 threshold of 2.5V. All drive currents meet device requirements.

[0041] The first resistor R1 of this invention is connected to the B+ terminal of the battery through the second optocoupler. That is, the first resistor R1 is not directly connected to the B+ terminal of the battery, which can avoid continuous battery damage when the electrical appliance is not working.

[0042] In one embodiment of this utility model, the control circuit controls at least one battery, the number of batteries is the same as the number of control circuit units, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the batteries and the control circuit units.

[0043] In one embodiment of this utility model, the control circuit controls at least two series-connected batteries. The third terminal of the three-pin controllable element U3 of the control circuit unit corresponding to the first battery in the series connection and the GND terminal of the first battery are both grounded. The B+ terminal of the last battery in the series connection, one end of the third resistor, and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler of the control circuit unit corresponding to the last battery are all connected to the electrical appliance.

[0044] In one embodiment of this utility model, there are two series-connected batteries, namely a first battery and a second battery, and two control circuit units, namely a first control circuit unit and a second control circuit unit. The connection method between the batteries and the control circuit units is as follows: the third resistor of the first control circuit unit is connected to the GND terminal of the second battery; the first battery and the second battery are respectively connected to the electrical appliance through the first control circuit unit and the second control circuit unit; the first battery and the second battery are in series, and the power is supplied to the electrical appliance through the first control circuit unit and the second control circuit unit.

[0045] The third terminal of the three-pin controllable element U3 of the second control circuit unit is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor of the first control circuit unit and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler; the fourth terminal of the first optocoupler of the second control circuit unit and the fourth terminal of the first optocoupler of the first control circuit unit are both connected to the FB terminal of the appliance; the first terminal of the second optocoupler of the second control circuit unit and the first terminal of the second optocoupler of the first control circuit unit are both connected to the second terminal of the appliance through their respective second resistors; the first terminal of the third resistor of the second control circuit unit is connected to the fourth terminal of the appliance.

[0046] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 2 As shown, there are three batteries connected in series: the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery. There are also three control circuit units: the first control circuit unit, the second control circuit unit, and the third control circuit unit. The connection method between the batteries and the control circuit units is as follows:

[0047] The B+ terminal of the first battery is connected to the GND terminal of the second battery, and the B+ terminal of the second battery is connected to the GND terminal of the third battery.

[0048] The first battery, the second battery, and the third battery are respectively connected to the electrical appliance through the first control circuit unit, the second control circuit unit, and the third control circuit unit;

[0049] The third terminal of the three-pin controllable element U3 of the second control circuit unit is connected to one end of the third resistor of the first control circuit unit and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler. The third terminal of the three-pin controllable element U3 of the third control circuit unit is connected to one end of the third resistor of the second control circuit unit and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler.

[0050] The fourth terminal of the first optocoupler of each of the first control circuit unit, the second control circuit unit, and the third control circuit unit is connected to the FB terminal of the electrical appliance.

[0051] The first terminals of the second optocouplers of the first control circuit unit, the second control circuit unit, and the third control circuit unit are all connected to the second terminals of the electrical appliance through their respective second resistors.

[0052] The B+ terminal of the third battery, one end of the third resistor, and the fourth terminal of the second optocoupler of the third control circuit unit are all connected to the electrical appliance.

[0053] Three batteries are connected in series: the positive terminal B+ of the first battery is connected to the negative terminal GND2 of the second battery, the positive terminal B+ of the second battery is connected to the negative terminal GND3 of the third battery, and the negative terminal GND of the first battery and the positive terminal B+ of the third battery are connected to the electrical appliance to supply power to the appliance.

[0054] The control circuit of this invention connects each battery to a circuit as described above. Figure 1 The same control circuit unit is connected in parallel to one end of the appliance. Each battery can transmit a status signal to the appliance's FB (Fault Line) to control the appliance's discharge and shutdown. The optocoupler isolation voltage is typically several kilovolts, and theoretically, more than 100 18-volt battery packs can be connected in series.

[0055] The control circuit of this invention can control multiple series-connected batteries to supply power to electrical appliances, and can make the negative terminals of multiple series-connected batteries at the same point, thus solving the problem of batteries in the battery pack not sharing a common ground.

[0056] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0057] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery and electrical appliance control circuit, applied between a battery and an electrical appliance, characterized in that, The battery is equipped with a positive power supply pin and a status alarm pin. The electrical appliance is equipped with a power input pin, a feedback pin, and a given voltage pin. The power input pin of the electrical appliance is configured to be connected to the positive power supply pin of a battery. The control circuit includes at least one control circuit unit, which corresponds one-to-one with the battery. The control circuit unit includes a three-pin controllable element, a first optocoupler, and a second optocoupler. The three-pin controllable element has a control terminal to control its conduction or disconnection. The input side of the first optocoupler is configured to be connected to the positive power pin of the battery and grounded through the three-pin controllable element; the output side of the first optocoupler is configured to be connected to the feedback pin of the appliance. The input side of the second optocoupler is configured to be connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance, and the output side of the second optocoupler is configured to be connected to the positive power pin and the status alarm pin of the battery, respectively. The control terminal of the three-legged controllable element is connected to the battery status alarm pin and is used to receive the voltage change signal representing an abnormal battery status output by the battery status alarm pin.

2. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit unit also includes a first resistor; The output collector of the second optocoupler is connected to the positive power supply pin of the battery, and the output emitter of the second optocoupler is connected to the control terminal of the three-pin controllable element through the first resistor.

3. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit unit also includes a second resistor; The anode of the second optocoupler is connected to the given voltage pin of the appliance through the second resistor, and the cathode of the second optocoupler is grounded.

4. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit unit also includes a third resistor; The anode of the input side of the first optocoupler is connected to the collector of the output side of the second optocoupler through the third resistor, the cathode of the input side of the first optocoupler is connected to the negative terminal of the three-legged controllable element, and the positive terminal of the three-legged controllable element is grounded.

5. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output collector of the first optocoupler is connected to the feedback pin of the electrical appliance, and the output emitter of the first optocoupler is grounded.

6. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The control circuit controls at least one of the batteries, the number of which is the same as the number of control circuit units, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the batteries and the control circuit units.

7. The battery and electrical appliance control circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of batteries and control circuit units are both multiple. Each battery is also equipped with a grounding pin. Multiple batteries are connected in series, and the positive power pin of the previous battery is connected to the grounding pin of the next battery. The appliance is also equipped with a grounding pin, and the power input pin of the appliance is configured to be connected to the positive power pin of the first battery. The grounding pin of the appliance is grounded together with the grounding pin of the last battery.

8. A power supply device, characterized in that, Includes a battery and a battery and electrical appliance control circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The power supply device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The batteries are multiple and connected in series, and the output voltage of the series-connected batteries ranges from 200V to 2000V.

10. The power supply device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery is equipped with a detection circuit, a positive power supply pin, a status alarm pin, and a ground pin. The status alarm pin is electrically connected to the detection circuit, which is a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, or a temperature detection circuit.

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