A power supply device and an electric vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply device and an electric vehicle, and relates to the field of power supply, which comprises a first conversion module, an input end of which is connected with a power supply, an output end and a communication end of which are connected with a control unit, which is used for feeding back a working state to the control unit, converting a voltage of the power supply into a working voltage after voltage reduction when the working state is normal, and outputting the working voltage to the control unit; a second conversion module, an input end of which is connected with the power supply, and an output end of which is connected with the control unit, which is used for converting the voltage of the power supply into the working voltage after voltage reduction when the working state of the first conversion module is abnormal, and outputting the working voltage to the control unit; and the control unit, a first output end of which is connected with a control end of the first conversion module, and a second output end of which is connected with the control end of the first conversion module. The first conversion module and the second conversion module are arranged to supply power to the control unit, the second conversion module can supply power when the first conversion module is faulty, the power-off condition is reduced, and the reliability of power supply is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power supply, and in particular to a power supply device and an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In the intelligent power distribution box of an electric vehicle, the power supply design is crucial, as hardware design is susceptible to random failures. Furthermore, over long-term operation, reliability decreases, leading to the risk of power chip failure. If the power chip fails, the entire intelligent power distribution box loses power, the low-voltage system is disconnected, causing power loss during vehicle operation, posing a safety hazard, and potentially leading to an accident. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a power supply device and an electric vehicle, which provides power to the control unit by setting a first conversion module and a second conversion module. When the first conversion module fails, the second conversion module can provide power, thereby reducing the occurrence of power outages and improving the reliability of power supply.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a power supply device, comprising:

[0005] The first conversion module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output and communication ends connected to the control unit. It is used to step down the voltage of the power supply and convert it into the working voltage when its own working state is normal.

[0006] The second conversion module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the control unit. It is used to step down the voltage of the power supply and convert it into the working voltage when the working state of the first conversion module is abnormal.

[0007] The control unit has a first output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module and a second output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module, and is used to control the first conversion module or the second conversion module based on the working state of the first conversion module.

[0008] On the other hand, it also includes a power input module;

[0009] The first input terminal of the power input module is connected to the first power supply, the second input terminal is connected to the second power supply, and the output terminal of the power input module is connected to the input terminal of the first conversion module and the input terminal of the second conversion module, respectively.

[0010] The power input module is used to provide redundant power supply for the first conversion module and the second conversion module.

[0011] On the other hand, the first power supply is an electric vehicle power supply, the second power supply is a battery, and the power input module includes a DC-DC input submodule and a battery input submodule;

[0012] The input terminal of the DC-DC input submodule is connected to the electric vehicle power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module and the second conversion module, for stepping down the electric vehicle power supply and outputting it to the first conversion module and the second conversion module;

[0013] The input terminal of the battery input submodule is connected to the output terminal of the battery, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module and the second conversion module, for stepping down the voltage output by the battery and outputting it to the first conversion module and the second conversion module.

[0014] On the other hand, it also includes the first anti-reverse module;

[0015] The first end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the output end of the power input module, and the second end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the input end of the first conversion module and the input end of the second conversion module, respectively.

[0016] The first anti-reverse module is used for current reversal.

[0017] On the other hand, the first anti-reverse module includes a first diode and a second diode;

[0018] The anodes of the first diode and the second diode are connected, and the common terminal of the connection serves as the first terminal of the first anti-reverse module. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the input terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the input terminal of the second conversion module.

[0019] The first diode is used to prevent the current output by the first conversion module from flowing back, and the second diode is used to prevent the current output by the second conversion module from flowing back.

[0020] On the other hand, it also includes a third diode and a fourth diode;

[0021] The anode of the third diode is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the control unit for reverse polarity protection.

[0022] The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the control unit for reverse polarity protection.

[0023] On the other hand, it also includes a sampling module, which includes a first sampling submodule and a second sampling submodule;

[0024] The first end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the first conversion module, and the second end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the control unit, for sampling the voltage output by the first conversion module;

[0025] The first end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the second conversion module, and the second end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the control unit for sampling the voltage output by the second conversion module.

[0026] On the other hand, the second conversion module is a DC-DC circuit;

[0027] The input terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the input terminal of the second conversion module, and the output terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the output terminal of the second conversion module.

[0028] The DC-DC circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit.

[0029] On the other hand, the first conversion module is a power chip, and the power chip includes a BUCK circuit.

[0030] The input terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the input terminal of the first conversion module, and the output terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the output terminal of the first conversion module.

[0031] The BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit.

[0032] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application also provides an electric vehicle, including the aforementioned power supply device.

[0033] This application provides a power supply device and an electric vehicle, relating to the field of power supply. It includes a first conversion module with an input terminal connected to a power source and an output terminal and a communication terminal connected to a control unit. This module provides feedback on the operating status to the control unit. When the operating status is normal, it steps down the power source voltage and converts it to the operating voltage, then outputs it to the control unit. A second conversion module, with its input terminal connected to the power source and its output terminal connected to the control unit, steps down the power source voltage and converts it to the operating voltage, then outputs it to the control unit, when the first conversion module malfunctions. The control unit has a first output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module, and a second output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module. By using both the first and second conversion modules to power the control unit, the second conversion module can provide power even when the first conversion module fails, reducing the occurrence of power outages and improving the reliability of the power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the prior art and embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply device provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The core of this application is to provide a power supply device and an electric vehicle, which provides power to the control unit by setting a first conversion module and a second conversion module. When the first conversion module fails, the second conversion module can provide power, reducing the occurrence of power outages and improving the reliability of power supply.

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply device, which includes:

[0040] The first conversion module 1 has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end and communication end connected to the control unit 3. It is used to step down the voltage of the power supply and convert it into the working voltage when its own working state is normal.

[0041] The second conversion module 2 has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the control unit 3. It is used to convert the voltage of the power supply into the working voltage when the working state of the first conversion module 1 is abnormal.

[0042] The control unit 3 has a first output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module 1 and a second output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module 1, and is used to control the first conversion module 1 or the second conversion module 2 based on the working state of the first conversion module 1.

[0043] In traditional power distribution boxes, the power system is a single integrated power chip. Although a single integrated power chip can meet functional safety requirements, the hardware is prone to random failures during long-term use, and its reliability decreases after long-term operation, leading to the risk of power chip failure. If the power chip fails, the entire smart power distribution box loses power, the low-voltage system power distribution is cut off, and the electric vehicle experiences power loss during driving, posing a safety hazard and causing a safety accident.

[0044] Therefore, in the intelligent power distribution box, the power input can use a dual power backup scheme. If one power supply fails, the other power supply will immediately take over, so that the intelligent power distribution box can maintain normal operation and enter a safe state, effectively reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0045] This application assumes that the first conversion module 1 is a higher priority power source. If the first conversion module 1 is working normally, it will continuously supply power to the control unit 3. If the first conversion module 1 malfunctions, it will switch to the second conversion module 2. This process is the conventional way for the control unit 3, and this application does not improve it.

[0046] In this application, a first conversion module 1 and a second conversion module 2 are used to power the control module. The first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2 do not supply power simultaneously. Instead, the second conversion module 2 supplies power only after the first conversion module 1 fails. This process improves the reliability and stability of the power supply.

[0047] Specifically, the first conversion module 1 can communicate with the control unit 3 through the communication terminal, and then the control unit 3 can determine whether the working status of the first conversion module 1 is normal. This process is a normal communication process, and this application does not make any improvements to it.

[0048] This application provides a power supply device and an electric vehicle, relating to the field of power supply. It includes a first conversion module 1, with its input end connected to a power source and its output end and communication end connected to a control unit 3. This module provides feedback on the operating status to the control unit 3. When the operating status is normal, it steps down the power source voltage and converts it to the operating voltage, then outputs it to the control unit 3. A second conversion module 2, with its input end connected to the power source and its output end connected to the control unit 3, steps down the power source voltage and converts it to the operating voltage, then outputs it to the control unit 3, when the first conversion module 1 malfunctions. The control unit 3 has a first output end connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module 1, and a second output end connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module 1. By providing power to the control unit 3 via the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2, the second conversion module 2 can provide power even when the first conversion module 1 fails, reducing the occurrence of power outages and improving the reliability of the power supply.

[0049] Based on the above embodiments:

[0050] In some embodiments, a power input module is also included;

[0051] The first input terminal of the power input module is connected to the first power supply, the second input terminal is connected to the second power supply, and the output terminal of the power input module is connected to the input terminal of the first conversion module 1 and the input terminal of the second conversion module 2, respectively.

[0052] The power input module is used to provide redundant power supply for the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2.

[0053] Dual-channel redundant power supply is a design scheme that provides power to equipment or systems through two independent power supply systems. Its core advantage lies in improving the reliability, stability, and security of power supply. When one power supply system fails due to line faults, power module damage, overload, or other reasons, the other backup system can seamlessly take over the power supply in a very short time, preventing equipment shutdown. The two systems operate independently, and a fault in a single link will not propagate to the entire power supply system, significantly reducing the probability of system paralysis due to power supply problems. During normal operation, the two systems can share the load, reducing the operating pressure on a single system and extending equipment lifespan. Furthermore, even if one system is out of service due to maintenance or a temporary fault, the other system can independently handle the entire load, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. It supports maintenance, component replacement, or upgrades of one power supply system while the other system maintains normal power supply without interrupting equipment operation.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first power supply is an electric vehicle power supply, the second power supply is a battery, and the power input module includes a DC-DC input submodule and a battery input submodule;

[0055] The input terminal of the DCDC input submodule is connected to the electric vehicle power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2. It is used to step down the electric vehicle power supply and output it to the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2.

[0056] The input terminal of the battery input submodule is connected to the output terminal of the battery, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2. It is used to step down the voltage output by the battery and output it to the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2.

[0057] Specifically, the power input includes the electric vehicle power supply, namely the high-voltage DC-DC input and the lead-acid battery input. In actual operation, the high-voltage DC-DC and lead-acid battery are equipped with dual-channel redundant power supply to prevent abnormal power input caused by abnormal power supply in one of the channels, which would cause the subsequent circuits to malfunction. This function is achieved through dual-channel redundant power supply.

[0058] In some embodiments, a first anti-reverse module is also included;

[0059] The first end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the output end of the power input module, and the second end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the input end of the first conversion module 1 and the input end of the second conversion module 2 respectively.

[0060] The first anti-reverse module is used to prevent current from flowing backward.

[0061] A reverse polarity protection module is an electronic circuit module used to prevent power supply polarity reversal and protect circuits and equipment from damage caused by overcurrent, overvoltage, etc. It can be constructed in various ways. For example, a diode reverse polarity protection module utilizes the unidirectional conductivity of diodes. When the power supply is connected in the correct direction, the diode conducts in the forward direction, allowing current to flow; when the power supply is connected in the reverse direction, the diode blocks the current, thus preventing damage to the circuit. A rectifier bridge type reverse polarity protection module consists of four diodes forming a bridge structure. Regardless of the input power supply polarity, it can convert it to DC output in the same direction, achieving polarity self-adaptation. The output is pulsating DC and usually requires capacitor filtering.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first anti-reverse module includes a first diode D1 and a second diode D2;

[0063] The anodes of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected, and the common terminal of the connection serves as the first terminal of the first anti-reverse module. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the input terminal of the first conversion module 1, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the input terminal of the second conversion module 2.

[0064] The first diode D1 is used to prevent the current output from the first conversion module 1 from flowing back, and the second diode D2 is used to prevent the current output from the second conversion module 2 from flowing back.

[0065] This application employs a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, which serve as the reverse protection for the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2, respectively. Utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the diodes, they are connected in series at the power input terminal. When the power supply is normally connected, i.e., the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the anode of the diode and the negative terminal to the cathode, the diode conducts in the forward direction, and the current can flow smoothly to the load, allowing the equipment to operate normally. When the positive and negative terminals of the power supply are reversed, the negative terminal is connected to the anode and the positive terminal to the cathode, the diode is in a reverse cutoff state, blocking the current and thus preventing circuit damage due to reverse power connection.

[0066] In some embodiments, a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4 are also included;

[0067] The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module 1, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the control unit 3 for reverse protection.

[0068] The anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module 1, and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the control unit 3 for reverse protection.

[0069] In electronic circuits and power systems, "backflow prevention" refers to technical measures that prevent the reverse flow of current, voltage, or fluid, avoiding equipment damage, reduced efficiency, or safety hazards caused by reverse flow. Essentially, it utilizes the "one-way conduction" characteristic to block reverse current, allowing current to flow from the source (such as a power supply or charger) to the load (such as a battery or device), but prohibiting current from flowing back from the load to the source.

[0070] Therefore, diodes are used, utilizing their unidirectional conductivity—conducting in the forward direction and cutting off in the reverse direction—to block reverse current when connected in series in the circuit. The third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 serve as reverse protection for the first conversion module 1 and the second conversion module 2, respectively.

[0071] In some embodiments, a sampling module is further included, which includes a first sampling submodule and a second sampling submodule;

[0072] The first end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the first conversion module 1, and the second end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the control unit 3, for sampling the voltage output by the first conversion module 1;

[0073] The first end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the second conversion module 2, and the second end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the control unit 3 for sampling the voltage output by the second conversion module 2.

[0074] By collecting the SBC output voltage AD1 and the DC-DC output voltage AD2, the fault path can be identified:

[0075] If the SBC is faulty, the SBC will be turned off by enabling the SBC, and the DC-DC converter will take over the 5V power supply. The MCU will also report the SBC fault.

[0076] If the DC-DC converter fails, the DC-DC converter will be turned off by enabling the DC-DC converter, and the SBC will take over the 5V power supply. The MCU will also report the DC-DC converter failure.

[0077] Regardless of a failure in any of the power supplies, the MCU can continue to operate and then report the fault path directly to the vehicle controller, waiting for instructions from the vehicle controller. During the waiting period, the intelligent power distribution box can still work normally without affecting the use of power distribution, thus safely and reliably protecting the electric vehicle's electrical safety and ensuring safety during driving, meeting the safety level requirements.

[0078] Specifically, the first and second acquisition submodules are used to acquire voltage, convert analog voltage into digital voltage, and output it to the control unit 3.

[0079] In some embodiments, the second conversion module 2 is a DC-DC circuit;

[0080] The input terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the input terminal of the second conversion module 2, and the output terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the output terminal of the second conversion module 2.

[0081] The DC-DC circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit 3.

[0082] The DC-DC (Power Conversion Chip) outputs 5V. Internally, the DC-DC is a pure 24V to 5V converter, mainly used for voltage conversion. When the SBC chip itself malfunctions, the 5V power output from the DC-DC can quickly take over the SBC to power the MCU, preventing the MCU from malfunctioning.

[0083] The SBC and DCDC compete for power to the MCU. The SBC has a functional safety design, while the DCDC does not. The MCU monitors the two power supplies in real time by collecting the output voltage AD1 of the SBC and the output voltage AD2 of the DCDC. During long-term operation of the MCU, if the SBC or DCDC malfunctions or short-circuits, the other 5V output will continue to work, and the MCU power supply will not be lost.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first conversion module 1 is a power chip, and the power chip includes a BUCK circuit.

[0085] The input terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the input terminal of the first conversion module 1, and the output terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the output terminal of the first conversion module 1.

[0086] The BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit 3.

[0087] During normal operation of the power distribution box, the first conversion module 1 outputs 5V to the SBC (System Basis Chip). The SBC internally integrates a 24V to 5V BUCK circuit, featuring SPI communication, fault detection and reporting, and a watchdog function. The MCU (Microcontroller Unit) periodically inputs a watchdog signal to the SBC. The SBC power supply circuit primarily ensures functional safety, monitors MCU operation in real time, and transmits fault signals, as well as current voltage and current values, to the MCU via SPI to ensure its normal operation. The MCU serves as control unit 3.

[0088] This application also provides an electric vehicle, including the aforementioned power supply device.

[0089] The electric vehicle provided in this application is described in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0090] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0091] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0092] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: The first conversion module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output and communication ends connected to the control unit. It is used to step down the voltage of the power supply and convert it into the working voltage when its own working state is normal. The second conversion module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the control unit. It is used to step down the voltage of the power supply and convert it into the working voltage when the working state of the first conversion module is abnormal. The control unit has a first output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module and a second output terminal connected to the control terminal of the first conversion module, and is used to control the first conversion module or the second conversion module based on the working state of the first conversion module. It also includes a power input module; The first input terminal of the power input module is connected to the first power supply, the second input terminal is connected to the second power supply, and the output terminal of the power input module is connected to the input terminals of the first conversion module and the second conversion module, respectively. The power input module is used to provide redundant power supply for the first conversion module and the second conversion module; The first power supply is an electric vehicle power supply, the second power supply is a battery, and the power input module includes a DC-DC input submodule and a battery input submodule; The input terminal of the DC-DC input submodule is connected to the electric vehicle power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module and the second conversion module, for stepping down the electric vehicle power supply and outputting it to the first conversion module and the second conversion module; The input terminal of the battery input submodule is connected to the output terminal of the battery, and the output terminal is connected to the first conversion module and the second conversion module, for stepping down the voltage output by the battery and outputting it to the first conversion module and the second conversion module; It also includes a sampling module, which comprises a first sampling submodule and a second sampling submodule; The first end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the first conversion module, and the second end of the first sampling submodule is connected to the control unit, for sampling the voltage output by the first conversion module; The first end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the output end of the second conversion module, and the second end of the second sampling submodule is connected to the control unit, for sampling the voltage output by the second conversion module; The first conversion module is a power chip, and the power chip includes a BUCK circuit; The input terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the input terminal of the first conversion module, and the output terminal of the BUCK circuit serves as the output terminal of the first conversion module. The BUCK circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit.

2. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the first anti-reverse module; The first end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the output end of the power input module, and the second end of the first anti-reverse module is connected to the input end of the first conversion module and the input end of the second conversion module, respectively. The first anti-reverse module is used for current reversal.

3. The power supply device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first anti-reverse module includes a first diode and a second diode; The anodes of the first diode and the second diode are connected, and the common terminal of the connection serves as the first terminal of the first anti-reverse module. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the input terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the input terminal of the second conversion module. The first diode is used to prevent the current output by the first conversion module from flowing back, and the second diode is used to prevent the current output by the second conversion module from flowing back.

4. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a third diode and a fourth diode; The anode of the third diode is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the control unit for reverse polarity protection. The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the output terminal of the first conversion module, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the control unit for reverse polarity protection.

5. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second conversion module is a DC-DC circuit; The input terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the input terminal of the second conversion module, and the output terminal of the DC-DC circuit serves as the output terminal of the second conversion module. The DC-DC circuit is used to step down the voltage of the power supply to power the control unit.

6. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the power supply device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images