A large-current automatic step-up and step-down circuit applied to a meteorological monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of applied to meteorological monitoring system's large current automatic step-up and step-down circuit, receive DC9-36V wide-range input voltage, it is converted to 5V power supply voltage by first step-down module, 5V is boosted to 12V reference standard voltage again by reference voltage generation module, automatically switch module with the reference standard voltage as benchmark real-time detection input voltage, when input voltage is higher than 12V, the second step-down module is turned on and outputs 12V, below 12V, boost conversion module is turned on and outputs 12V, its technical effect is to realize the automatic switching of wide voltage input to 12V stable output, meet the large current work demand when meteorological sensor low temperature defrosting, and circuit structure is simple, easy integration, cost controllable, adapt to the small size and scale deployment demand of meteorological monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power circuit design, and is specifically applied to the meteorological monitoring system for mobile drone landing airports, aiming to solve the power supply adaptation problem of the meteorological data acquisition and analysis terminal in the system. Background Technology

[0002] In meteorological monitoring scenarios at mobile drone landing airports, the meteorological data acquisition and analysis terminal needs to provide a stable power supply to various downstream meteorological sensors, while the terminal itself also requires reliable power support. In practical applications, the external power supply voltage range of the terminal is DC9-36V, while the rated operating voltage of both the terminal and the meteorological sensors is DC12V. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically convert the wide-range input voltage to DC12V output. Especially in low-temperature environments, the meteorological sensors need to activate the heating defrosting function to ensure detection accuracy. At this time, the power supply current needs to reach about 3.5A, which places clear demands on the circuit's high current output capability. In addition, since meteorological monitoring needs to cover a wide area, terminals need to be deployed in large numbers, and the installation space is limited by the miniaturization design of drone landing airports, the power supply circuit also needs to meet the requirements of cost control, compact size, and easy integration onto PCB boards.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for achieving automatic buck-boost voltage conversion with high current mainly fall into two categories: one is to use ready-made DC-DC modules, directly achieving voltage conversion and high current output through modular design; the other is to build circuits based on imported dedicated chips (such as the LTC3785 chip), utilizing the chip's own buck-boost function to complete voltage regulation. However, both of these technologies have significant drawbacks and are difficult to adapt to the actual needs of meteorological monitoring terminals.

[0004] For finished DC-DC modules, their internal integration is high but their overall size is large, making it difficult to lay them out flexibly on the PCB board. This can easily cause space constraints on the design of other functional modules on the terminal PCB, making it impossible to meet the miniaturization and integration requirements of meteorological monitoring terminals. If the module is placed externally, it will occupy additional internal space of the equipment, further limiting the compact design of mobile airports.

[0005] While imported dedicated chip solutions can achieve automatic step-up / step-down and high-current output from DC9-36V to DC12V through peripheral circuit design, the high procurement cost of imported chips is not conducive to controlling the overall cost of meteorological monitoring terminals that need to be deployed in large numbers. At the same time, the peripheral circuit design of such chips is complex, requiring a high level of technical expertise from R&D personnel, which increases the difficulty of circuit development and debugging, and is not conducive to the rapid implementation and large-scale application of the solution.

[0006] In summary, existing high-current automatic step-up / step-down technology cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of meteorological monitoring terminals for "wide voltage input, stable DC12V output, high current of over 3.5A, small size for easy integration, and low cost." There is an urgent need for a more adaptable power supply circuit solution to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of the above problems, this application provides a high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit for use in meteorological monitoring systems to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit for use in a meteorological monitoring system, comprising: an input voltage terminal for receiving a wide-range input voltage of DC 9-36V;

[0009] The first step-down module is used to convert the input voltage into a 5V power supply voltage;

[0010] A reference voltage generation module is used to boost the 5V supply voltage and convert it into a 12V reference standard voltage;

[0011] The automatic switching module includes a second buck module and a boost converter module. The automatic switching module uses the 12V reference standard voltage as a judgment benchmark to perform real-time detection of the input voltage. The second buck module is used to connect the input voltage terminal when the input voltage is higher than the 12V reference standard voltage, and then step down the input voltage to a stable 12V output. The boost converter module is used to connect the input voltage terminal when the input voltage is lower than the 12V reference standard voltage, and then boost the input voltage to a stable 12V output.

[0012] Furthermore, the first step-down module is a step-down chip TPS5450, the input terminal of which is connected to the input voltage terminal, and the output terminal outputs a 5V power supply voltage.

[0013] Furthermore, the reference voltage generation module is a boost chip LM2587, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first buck module, and the output terminal outputs a 12V reference standard voltage.

[0014] Furthermore, the automatic switching module also includes a comparator, an AND gate, a transistor, and a relay;

[0015] The comparator's input terminals are connected to a 12V reference standard voltage and an input voltage, respectively, for outputting high and low level detection signals. The AND gate's input terminal is connected to the comparator's output detection signal and a 5V power supply voltage, for performing logical judgment on the detection signal and outputting a control signal. The transistor's base is connected to the AND gate's output terminal, its emitter is grounded, and its collector is connected to the relay coil. The relay contacts are connected to the input terminals of the second buck module and the boost conversion module, respectively. The transistor's conduction and cutoff control the relay's activation or deactivation, realizing the switching between the second buck module and the boost conversion module.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an output protection module, which includes a Zener diode and a fuse. The Zener diode and the fuse are connected in series between the output terminal of the automatic switching module and the load. The Zener diode is used to limit the output voltage to no more than 14V, and the fuse is used to implement overcurrent protection to prevent damage to the downstream weather sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the maximum output current of both the second buck module and the boost converter module is not less than 5A, which can meet the high current operating requirement of 3.5A for the meteorological sensor during low-temperature defrosting.

[0018] Furthermore, the default contact state of the relay is to be connected to the second step-down module, ensuring that the input voltage is preferentially connected to the second step-down module during the initial power-on stage of the circuit or under abnormal operating conditions, thus avoiding damage to the load caused by high voltage being mistakenly connected to the step-up conversion module.

[0019] Furthermore, the peripheral circuits of the second buck converter and the boost converter are laid out on the PCB board.

[0020] Unlike existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution is applied to the high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit of the meteorological monitoring system. It receives a wide-range input voltage of DC 9-36V, converts it to a 5V supply voltage through the first step-down module, and then boosts the 5V to a 12V reference standard voltage through the reference voltage generation module. The automatic switching module uses this reference standard voltage as a reference to detect the input voltage in real time. When the input voltage is higher than 12V, the second step-down module is turned on to output 12V; when it is lower than 12V, the step-up conversion module is turned on to output 12V. The technical effect is to realize the automatic switching from a wide voltage input to a stable 12V output, meet the high-current operation requirements of meteorological sensors during low-temperature defrosting, and the circuit structure is simple, easy to integrate, and cost-controllable, adapting to the small size and large-scale deployment requirements of meteorological monitoring systems.

[0021] The above description of the utility model is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application and to implement it based on the description and drawings, and to make the above-mentioned objectives and other objectives, features and advantages of this application easier to understand, the following description is provided in conjunction with the specific embodiments and drawings of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, features, and effects of specific embodiments of this application and other related content, and should not be considered as limitations on this application.

[0023] In the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual:

[0024] Figure 1 The block diagram of the high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit applied to the meteorological monitoring system is shown in the specific implementation embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 The circuit diagram of the step-down chip U1 (TPS5450) and its peripheral components is shown in the specific implementation embodiment.

[0026] Figure 3 The step-down circuit U2 and its peripheral circuit diagram are shown in the specific implementation diagram;

[0027] Figure 4 The diagram shows U3, U4, and their peripheral circuits in the automatic switching module described in the specific implementation method.

[0028] Figure 5 The circuit diagram of the boost chip U5 (LM2587) and its peripheral components is shown in the specific implementation embodiment.

[0029] Figure 6 The circuit diagram of U6 and its surrounding components in the boost circuit described in the specific implementation embodiment is shown below.

[0030] Figure 7 The circuit diagram of the output protection module described in the specific implementation method is shown below.

[0031] The reference numerals used in the above figures are explained as follows:

[0032] 100. High-current automatic buck-boost circuit for meteorological monitoring systems; 101. First buck module; 102. Reference voltage generation module; 103. Automatic switching module; 104. Second buck module; 105. Boost conversion module; Detailed Implementation

[0033] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0036] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0037] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0039] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0041] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit 100 for use in a meteorological monitoring system. This high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit 100, adapted to the meteorological data acquisition and analysis terminal at a mobile UAV landing airport, can stably convert a wide-range input voltage of DC 9-36V to a DC 12V output to power the downstream meteorological sensors. This meets the high current requirements of approximately 3.5A for normal operation of the downstream meteorological sensors and during low-temperature defrosting, while also taking into account the design requirements of small size, easy integration, and low cost.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit 100 applied to the meteorological monitoring system includes an input voltage terminal, a first step-down module 101, a reference voltage generation module 102, an automatic switching module 103, and an output protection module. The automatic switching module 103 provides a stable 12V power supply to the downstream meteorological sensors. The automatic switching module includes a second step-down module 104 and a step-up conversion module 105. The specific configuration and connection relationships of each part are as follows:

[0044] The input voltage terminal directly receives an external DC 9-36V power supply voltage and is connected to the input terminals of the first buck module 101, the second buck module 104, the boost converter module 105, and a signal input terminal of the comparator in the automatic switching module 103, respectively.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the first step-down module 101 uses a step-down chip TPS5450, which is... Figure 2 In the U1 section, the output terminal of the step-down chip TPS5450 outputs a 5V power supply voltage, which provides working power to the comparator, AND gate, transistor, and other terminal components in the automatic switching module 103 that require 5V power supply.

[0046] The reference voltage generation module 102 uses a boost converter chip LM2587, which is... Figure 5 In U5, the input terminal of the boost chip LM2587 is connected to the output terminal of the first buck module 101, which boosts the 5V supply voltage and outputs a 12V reference standard voltage. This voltage is connected to another signal input terminal of the comparator as the input voltage judgment reference.

[0047] The automatic switching module 103 consists of a second buck module 104, a boost converter module 105, a comparator, an AND gate, a transistor, and a relay. The maximum output current of both the second buck module 104 and the boost converter module 105 is not less than 5A. The default contact state of the relay is that it is connected to the second buck module. Figure 3 The diagram shown is the circuit diagram of the second step-down module 104, which uses chip U2 and its peripheral circuitry for voltage reduction. Chip U2 can be a TPS5450, which steps down the input voltage of 12-36V to a 12V operating voltage. Figure 6 The diagram shows the circuit diagram of the boost converter module 105, which uses chip U6 and its peripheral circuits to boost the input voltage of 9-12V to a working voltage of 12V.

[0048] like Figure 4As shown, in the automatic switching module 103, U3 uses an LM139 comparator chip, and U4 uses an AND gate logic chip. Specifically, U4 can be a single-channel dual-input positive AND gate logic chip, such as the SN74AHC1G08DBVR manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI). Figure 4 As shown, the two input terminals of the AND gate in U4 are respectively connected to the detection signal output by the comparator and the 5V power supply voltage output by the first buck module. The output terminal of the AND gate is connected to the base of the transistor. The emitter of the transistor is grounded and the collector is connected to the relay coil. The contacts of the relay are respectively connected to the input terminals of the second buck module and the boost conversion module.

[0049] The output protection module includes a Zener diode and a fuse, connected in series between the output of the automatic switching module and the downstream weather sensor. The Zener diode limits the output voltage to no more than 14V, and the fuse provides overcurrent protection. Figure 7 The circuit diagram shown is for the output protection module. V6 and F1 are protection circuits. V6 is a Zener diode and F1 is a fuse. It protects the input power supply at the back end from not exceeding 14V and protects the back end sensors.

[0050] After the high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit applied to the meteorological monitoring system is powered on, the input voltage terminal is connected to DC 9-36V. The chip U1 (TPS5450) in the first step-down module 101 immediately works, converting the input voltage into a stable 5V supply voltage. On the one hand, it supplies power to the components of the automatic switching module, and on the other hand, it sends the power to the chip U5 (LM2587) in the reference voltage generation module 102. The chip U5 (LM2587) boosts the 5V voltage to a 12V reference standard voltage and sends it to the comparator to provide a stable reference for input voltage judgment and avoid switching misjudgment caused by input voltage timing advance.

[0051] The core switching logic of the automatic switching module 103 is as follows: The comparator compares the input voltage with the 12V reference standard voltage in real time and outputs corresponding high and low level detection signals; when the input voltage is higher than the 12V reference standard voltage, the comparator outputs a low level, and the AND gate outputs a low level because one end of the input is low. The base of the transistor is cut off due to the lack of a driving signal, and no current flows through the relay coil. The default contact state is maintained and the second step-down module is connected. At this time, the input voltage is connected to the second step-down module, and after its step-down processing, a stable 12V voltage is output, which is supplied to the downstream weather sensor through the output protection module; when the input voltage is lower than the 12V reference standard voltage, the comparator outputs a high level, and both ends of the AND gate are high (the other end is the 5V supply voltage). The high-level output drives the transistor to conduct, and the relay coil is energized and energized. The contacts switch to be connected to the boost converter module, and the input voltage is connected to the boost converter module. After its boost processing, a stable 12V voltage is output, which is also supplied to the downstream load through the output protection module; the whole process does not require manual intervention and realizes automatic switching of 12V output under wide voltage input.

[0052] In this embodiment, the peripheral circuits of the second buck module and the boost conversion module are laid out on the PCB board, or the above-mentioned input voltage terminal, the first buck module 101, the reference voltage generation module 102, the automatic switching module 103 and the output protection module are all set on one or more PCB boards.

[0053] This embodiment effectively addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies through reasonable module selection and circuit design: It employs the general-purpose step-down chip TPS5450 and the boost chip LM2587, coupled with a simple peripheral circuit, significantly reducing circuit costs and ensuring a stable supply cycle, thus meeting the large-scale deployment requirements of meteorological monitoring terminals; the overall circuit structure is compact, and all modules can be directly integrated onto the PCB board without requiring additional equipment space, meeting the small-size design requirements of mobile UAV landing airports; both the second step-down module and the boost conversion module support high current output of no less than 5A, fully covering the low-temperature defrosting requirements of the meteorological sensor. The 5A current requirement ensures the sensor operates normally in harsh environments. The automatic switching module uses a 12V reference standard voltage as a benchmark, combined with AND gate logic and relay default conduction design, to avoid the risk of power-on timing misjudgment and high voltage misconnection to the boost module. Together with the Zener diode and fuse at the output end, it further improves the reliability of the circuit operation, ensuring that the downstream meteorological sensor is not damaged by overvoltage or overcurrent. At the same time, the circuit realizes automatic switching from a wide range of DC9-36V input to a stable 12V output without manual adjustment, adapting to the power supply requirements of different scenarios and providing a reliable power guarantee for the stable operation of the meteorological monitoring system.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit for use in meteorological monitoring systems, characterized in that, include: The input voltage terminal is used to receive a wide range of input voltages from DC 9 to 36V. The first step-down module is used to convert the input voltage into a 5V power supply voltage; A reference voltage generation module is used to boost the 5V supply voltage and convert it into a 12V reference standard voltage; An automatic switching module is used to provide a stable 12V power supply to the downstream meteorological sensor. The automatic switching module includes a second buck module and a boost converter module. The automatic switching module uses the 12V reference standard voltage as a judgment benchmark to detect the input voltage in real time. The second buck module is used to connect the input voltage terminal when the input voltage is higher than the 12V reference standard voltage, and to step down the input voltage to a stable 12V output. The boost converter module is used to connect the input voltage terminal when the input voltage is lower than the 12V reference standard voltage, and to boost the input voltage to a stable 12V output.

2. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first step-down module is a step-down chip TPS5450. The input terminal of the step-down chip TPS5450 is connected to the input voltage terminal, and the output terminal outputs a 5V power supply voltage.

3. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference voltage generation module is a boost chip LM2587. The input terminal of the boost chip LM2587 is connected to the output terminal of the first buck module, and the output terminal outputs a 12V reference standard voltage.

4. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic switching module also includes a comparator, an AND gate, a transistor, and a relay; The comparator's input terminals are connected to a 12V reference standard voltage and an input voltage, respectively, for outputting high and low level detection signals. The AND gate's input terminal is connected to the comparator's output detection signal and a 5V power supply voltage, for performing logical judgment on the detection signal and outputting a control signal. The transistor's base is connected to the AND gate's output terminal, its emitter is grounded, and its collector is connected to the relay coil. The relay contacts are connected to the input terminals of the second buck module and the boost conversion module, respectively. The transistor's conduction and cutoff control the relay's activation or deactivation, realizing the switching between the second buck module and the boost conversion module.

5. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an output protection module, which includes a Zener diode and a fuse. The Zener diode and the fuse are connected in series between the output terminal of the automatic switching module and the load. The Zener diode is used to limit the output voltage to no more than 14V, and the fuse is used to implement overcurrent protection.

6. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum output current of both the second buck module and the boost converter module is not less than 5A, which can meet the high current operating requirement of 3.5A when the meteorological sensor is defrosting at low temperature.

7. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The default contact state of the relay is to be connected to the second step-down module, ensuring that the input voltage is preferentially connected to the second step-down module during the initial power-on stage of the circuit or under abnormal operating conditions, thus avoiding damage to the load caused by high voltage being mistakenly connected to the step-up conversion module.

8. The high-current automatic step-up / step-down circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peripheral circuits of the second buck converter and the boost converter are laid out on the PCB board.

Images