A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control, including bridge rectifier circuit, the bridge rectifier circuit includes A, B, C three-phase upper bridge arm and A, B, C three-phase lower bridge arm;It further includes upper bridge arm drive circuit, lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor off lock circuit, lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplification circuit and overvoltage protection signal generating circuit;The control electrode of the silicon of A, B, C three-phase upper bridge arm is connected with the upper bridge arm drive circuit simultaneously;The control electrode of the silicon of A, B, C three-phase lower bridge arm is connected with lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor off lock circuit and lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplification circuit simultaneously;Overvoltage protection signal generating circuit is connected with bridge rectifier circuit output end, lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor off lock circuit and lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplification circuit.The utility model can make control effect better, stability is higher, and can reduce overall cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of motorcycle voltage regulator technology, and in particular to a motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control. Background Technology

[0002] Voltage regulators are commonly used electronic devices on motorcycles, primarily used to convert the unstable alternating current (AC) generated by the motorcycle's magneto into stable direct current (DC) to power loads such as batteries and headlights. In terms of how the electrical energy generated by the motorcycle's magneto is utilized, existing motorcycle voltage regulators fall into two categories: short-circuit voltage regulators and switching voltage regulators.

[0003] The main circuit structure of a switching voltage regulator is either a thyristor full-bridge or a thyristor diode half-bridge. Control is primarily achieved by controlling the on / off state of the thyristors through a control circuit (MCU). However, due to the significant heat generation of thyristors, when the output current exceeds 30A, the high heat dissipation cost makes thyristor-based switching voltage regulators unusable in applications with currents greater than 30A. Short-circuit voltage regulators have main circuit structures including MOSFET-diode three-phase half-controlled, MOSFET fully controlled, and thyristor-diode short-circuit types. During operation, voltage regulation is achieved by controlling the short circuit of the MOSFET or thyristor through a control circuit (MCU). However, the thyristor-diode short-circuit type cannot be used in applications with currents exceeding 30A, while the other two structural types suffer from high energy consumption.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the applicant proposed a motorcycle voltage regulator utilizing a hybrid short-circuit and switching control (see CN 217521537 U). This scheme collects the magneto's speed and the regulator's output voltage. The voltage control module then identifies the collected signals and sends control signals to different thyristors in the fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit. This allows the regulator to operate in different voltage regulation modes based on the speed and to control the rectified output based on the output voltage. However, in the short-circuit regulation section, if the short circuit occurs when the upper bridge arm is outputting, the conduction of the lower bridge arm's short-circuited thyristor will cause the upper bridge arm's thyristor to have a negative current larger than the normal reverse recovery current before it is completely cut off. This necessitates increasing the upper bridge arm's heat capacity and current rating, thus increasing the overall size and cost. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to solve the problems existing in the existing technology and provide a motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control, which can improve the control effect, increase the stability, and reduce the overall cost.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control, including a bridge rectifier circuit, wherein the bridge rectifier circuit includes an upper bridge arm of three phases A, B, and C composed of thyristors Q1, Q2, and Q3, and a lower bridge arm of three phases A, B, and C mainly composed of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6; characterized in that: it also includes an upper bridge arm drive circuit, a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off lock-up circuit, a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplification circuit, and an overvoltage protection signal generation circuit; The upper bridge arm drive circuit is simultaneously connected to the control electrode of the thyristors of the three phases A, B, and C upper bridge arms; The control electrode of the thyristors in the lower bridge arms of phases A, B, and C is simultaneously connected to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. The overvoltage protection signal generation circuit is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit, and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. It is used to sample the output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit and send a release signal to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit and a trigger signal to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit includes transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12; wherein, the base of transistor Q7 is connected to resistor R1 for connection to magneto C, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q4, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q11 is connected to resistor R10 for connection to magneto B, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q5, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R13 for connection to magneto A, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q6, and its emitter is grounded.

[0008] Furthermore, the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit includes transistors Q8 and Q9. The bases of transistors Q8 and Q9 are connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D6 via resistors R6 and R5, respectively. The negative terminal of Zener diode D6 is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q9 is simultaneously connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8. The positive terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8 are connected to the bases of transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit includes a transistor Q10. The base of transistor Q10 is connected to the collector of transistor Q8 via resistor R7. Its collector is used to connect to the control signal. Its emitter is connected to the control electrode of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 via resistors R9, R4, and R8, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a control circuit for sending control signals to the upper bridge arm drive circuit and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages: the overall circuit structure is simple. By adding a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit, when the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor conducts at the zero crossing of the negative half-wave and positive half-wave during normal control and output overvoltage occurs, the lower bridge arm can conduct in time. This reduces the capacity and circuit of the upper bridge arm thyristor, resulting in better control effect and higher stability. Moreover, it can be achieved by adding only a small amount of circuit structure to the overall circuit, thereby effectively reducing the system cost. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit of the lower bridge arm in this utility model.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit in this utility model.

[0015] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely to represent selected embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0018] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," etc., do not indicate that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0019] Example: See Figures 1 to 4 A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control includes a (fully controlled) bridge rectifier circuit. The bridge rectifier circuit comprises an upper bridge arm (A, B, C) composed of thyristors Q1, Q2, and Q3, and a lower bridge arm (A, B, C) mainly composed of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6. Specifically, the anodes of the thyristors Q1, Q2, and Q3 in the upper bridge arm are connected to the A, B, and C phases of the magneto, respectively, and their cathodes (connected in parallel) form the output terminals of the bridge rectifier circuit. The anodes of the thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 in the lower bridge arm are connected to the A, B, and C phases of the magneto, respectively, and their cathodes are grounded. The lower bridge arm also includes diodes D1, D2, and D3, wherein the anodes of diodes D1, D2, and D3 are grounded, and their cathodes are connected to the anodes of thyristors Q6, Q5, and Q4, respectively. It also includes a control circuit M5, which sends control signals to the upper bridge arm drive circuit and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. This control circuit is a mature existing technology that provides switching, short-circuit control and other control signals for the working state of transistors and / or thyristors in the upper and lower bridge arms. The specific circuit structure will not be described in detail.

[0020] It also includes the upper bridge arm drive circuit (Q1 / Q2 / Q3 drive circuit M4), the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3, and the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2.

[0021] The upper bridge arm drive circuit is simultaneously connected to the control electrodes of the thyristors Q1, Q2, and Q3 of the three-phase upper bridge arms A, B, and C, and controls the conduction of the thyristors of the upper bridge arms by receiving signals sent by the control circuit. This upper bridge arm drive circuit is a mature existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0022] The control terminals of the thyristors in the lower arms of the A, B, and C phases are simultaneously connected to the lower arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 and the lower arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3. The overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 is connected to the bridge rectifier circuit output terminal VBAT, the lower arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1, and the lower arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3. It is used to acquire the output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit output terminal VBAT, and to send a release signal to the lower arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 and a trigger signal to the lower arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3.

[0023] In implementation, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 includes transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12; wherein, the base of transistor Q7 is connected to resistor R1 for connection to magneto C, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q4, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q11 is connected to resistor R10 for connection to magneto B, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q5, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R13 for connection to magneto A, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q6, and its emitter is grounded.

[0024] The overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 includes transistors Q8 and Q9. The bases of transistors Q8 and Q9 are connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D6 via resistors R6 and R5, respectively. The negative terminal of Zener diode D6 is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q9 is simultaneously connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8. The positive terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8 are connected to the bases of transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12, respectively.

[0025] The lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3 includes a transistor Q10. The base of transistor Q10 is connected to the collector of transistor Q8 via resistor R7. Its collector is used to connect to the control signal. Its emitter is connected to the control electrode of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 via resistors R9, R4, and R8, respectively.

[0026] In implementation, this solution also includes a power management circuit M6, which is connected to the three-phase output of the magneto and to the output of the bridge rectifier circuit (and the battery). When the power management circuit M6 detects the presence of an AC signal (from the magneto), it outputs the system operating power supply VCC (a value between 3.3V and VBAT). When the AC signal from the magneto disappears, VCC becomes zero, and the power management circuit M6 outputs the required operating power supply (via the battery) to reduce system sleep power consumption.

[0027] In this scheme, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 is used to limit the timing of the lower bridge arm thyristor short-circuit signal issued by the control circuit M5, and only applies when the AC voltage of that phase is less than VBAT+V. TM (V) TM The forward voltage drop when the thyristor is turned on can trigger a short circuit of the corresponding lower bridge arm thyristor when the voltage drops to a negative voltage range; triggering is prohibited during other periods.

[0028] When the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 detects an overvoltage in the voltage signal VBAT at the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit, it generates a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-on trigger signal S1 and sends release signals B1 / B2 / B3 to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 to release the turn-off latch-up state of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1. At the same time, the control circuit M5 generates a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-on trigger signal S1, and the turn-on of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor limits the output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit.

[0029] After the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 is released from the turn-off latch-up state, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3 receives the trigger signal sent from the control circuit M5 and the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2, triggering the lower bridge arm thyristor to conduct.

[0030] When the signal terminal S1 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit M3 is grounded, transistor Q10 conducts, and the power supply VCC outputs the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger signals G4 / G5 / G6 through resistors R4 / R8 / R9. S1 is connected to the OC output control circuit M5 and the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 in a wired-AND manner. When the control circuit M5 or the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 pulls S1 low, transistor Q10 conducts, and trigger signals G4 / G5 / G6 are output. When neither the control circuit M5 nor the overvoltage protection signal generation circuit M2 pulls the signal terminal S1 low, the thyristor trigger signals G4 / G5 / G6 are not output, and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristors Q4 / Q5 / Q6 are not conducting.

[0031] During operation, when the AC input of phase A is a positive half-wave, transistor Q12 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 conducts, shorting the trigger signal G6 of the phase short-circuit thyristor to ground, thus achieving the purpose of turning off and latching the lower bridge arm thyristor Q6 from conducting. When the AC input of phase B is a positive half-wave, transistor Q11 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 conducts, shorting the trigger signal G5 of the phase short-circuit thyristor to ground, thus achieving the purpose of turning off and latching the lower bridge arm thyristor Q5 from conducting. When the AC input of phase C is a positive half-wave, transistor Q7 of the bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 conducts, shorting the trigger signal G4 of the phase short-circuit thyristor to ground, thus achieving the purpose of turning off and latching the lower bridge arm thyristor Q4 from conducting. When the input signal B1 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latching circuit M1 is pulled to ground, the latching of circuit Q7 on the thyristor trigger signal G4 is released; when the input signal B2 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latching circuit M1 is pulled to ground, the latching of circuit Q11 on the thyristor trigger signal G5 is released; when the input signal B3 of the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latching circuit M1 is pulled to ground, the latching of circuit Q12 on the thyristor trigger signal G6 is released.

[0032] Specifically, during normal operation, when the output voltage VBAT of the bridge rectifier circuit does not experience overvoltage, the Zener diode D6 is cut off, transistors Q8 and Q9 are cut off, signals B1, B2, and B3 are released, and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit M1 maintains the latch-up function of the lower bridge arm thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 drive signals G4, G5, and G6; when S1 is not grounded, Q10 of circuit M3 no longer sends out the lower bridge arm thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 drive signals G4, G5, and G6.

[0033] When the output voltage VBAT of the bridge rectifier circuit becomes overvoltage, the Zener diode D6 conducts, and transistors Q8 and Q9 conduct. Q9 pulls signals B1, B2, and B3 low through diodes D5, D7, and D8, thereby cutting off Q7, Q11, and Q12 in circuit M1. This releases the latching of the lower bridge arm thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 drive signals G4, G5, and G6 by M1. Q8 then conducts, pulling the trigger signal S1 low. The output of signal S1 is an open-circuit (OC) output, thus achieving both the release of the latching of the lower bridge arm thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 drive signals G4, G5, and G6 by M1 and the driving of the lower bridge arm thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 to output the signals.

[0034] With this scheme, under normal control, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor conducts at the zero-crossing points of the negative and positive half-waves; and when an output overvoltage occurs, the lower bridge arm can conduct in time. This scheme can reduce the capacity of the upper bridge arm thyristor and the circuit cost, resulting in better control performance. Furthermore, when there is no overvoltage at the output of the bridge rectifier circuit, even if the control circuit M5 sends a trigger signal S1, it will be blocked by the turn-off latch-up circuit, thereby avoiding erroneous signals that could cause the thyristor to malfunction, thus improving the working stability of the thyristor and the overall stability of the voltage regulator.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and not to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of this utility model that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this technical solution should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control, comprising a bridge rectifier circuit, wherein the bridge rectifier circuit comprises an upper bridge arm of three phases A, B, and C composed of thyristors Q1, Q2, and Q3, and a lower bridge arm of three phases A, B, and C mainly composed of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6; characterized in that: It also includes an upper bridge arm drive circuit, a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit, a lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit, and an overvoltage protection signal generation circuit. The upper bridge arm drive circuit is simultaneously connected to the control electrode of the thyristors of the three phases A, B, and C upper bridge arms; The control electrode of the thyristors in the lower bridge arms of phases A, B, and C is simultaneously connected to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. The overvoltage protection signal generation circuit is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit, the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit, and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. It is used to sample the output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit and send a release signal to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit and a trigger signal to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit.

2. A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor turn-off latch-up circuit includes transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12; wherein, the base of transistor Q7 is connected to resistor R1 for connection to magneto C, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q4, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q11 is connected to resistor R10 for connection to magneto B, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q5, and its emitter is grounded; the base of transistor Q12 is connected to resistor R13 for connection to magneto A, its collector is connected to the control electrode of thyristor Q6, and its emitter is grounded.

3. A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overvoltage protection signal generation circuit includes transistors Q8 and Q9. The bases of transistors Q8 and Q9 are connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode D6 via resistors R6 and R5, respectively. The negative terminal of Zener diode D6 is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit. The collector of transistor Q9 is simultaneously connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8. The positive terminals of diodes D5, D7, and D8 are connected to the bases of transistors Q7, Q11, and Q12, respectively.

4. A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit includes transistor Q10. The base of transistor Q10 is connected to the collector of transistor Q8 via resistor R7. Its collector is used to connect to the control signal. Its emitter is connected to the control electrode of thyristors Q4, Q5, and Q6 via resistors R9, R4, and R8, respectively.

5. A motorcycle voltage regulator based on short-circuit switch hybrid control according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a control circuit for sending control signals to the upper bridge arm drive circuit and the lower bridge arm short-circuit thyristor trigger amplifier circuit.

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