Universal interface for photovoltaic inverter acquisition rod for dual-mode communication

Abstract

The utility model provides a general interface and photovoltaic inverter collection stick of dual mode communication, include: casing, mainboard, general interface subassembly and wireless communication subassembly, mainboard is fixed in the casing, general interface subassembly is detachably connected with the casing and is connected with mainboard electricity, wireless communication subassembly is integrated in mainboard and is connected with the microcontroller electricity of mainboard, general interface subassembly is composed of cover and physical interface module, the cover is detachably connected through the buckle with the casing, and the physical interface module realizes the electricity connection with mainboard through board to board connector, wireless communication is connected through radio frequency switch and common antenna, and the microcontroller realizes the link selection and switching of wireless communication subassembly through the preset strategy control radio frequency switch. The utility model passes through the integration of the general interface module and dual mode wireless communication system of pluggable, has successfully realized the standardization of hardware platform and the intelligentization of communication link, has improved the applicability, reliability and operation and maintenance efficiency of equipment significantly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of local communication port data acquisition technology for inverters, and in particular to a photovoltaic inverter acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing prevalence of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, the need for real-time data acquisition and monitoring of PV inverter operation is becoming increasingly urgent. As a key terminal device connecting the inverter and the cloud platform, the data acquisition stick (or data gateway) directly impacts the efficiency of the entire monitoring system due to its versatility and reliability.

[0003] Currently, the market offers a variety of brands and models of photovoltaic inverters, whose local data communication interfaces differ significantly in physical form and electrical specifications. They commonly employ inconsistent interface types such as USB, aviation connectors, and RJ45 (crystal head), with varying pin definitions, communication levels, and protocols. This situation forces data acquisition equipment manufacturers to develop specific versions of data sticks for inverters with different interfaces, resulting in difficulties in standardizing hardware platforms, casing molds, and PCB designs. For users, this not only forces them to purchase dedicated data sticks tied to their inverter brand but also exposes them to problems such as a wide variety of spare parts, high inventory costs, and long on-site adaptation and replacement cycles. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a photovoltaic inverter acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication, comprising: a housing, a motherboard, a universal interface component, and a wireless communication component;

[0006] The motherboard is fixed inside the housing, the universal interface component is detachably connected to the housing and electrically connected to the motherboard, and the wireless communication component is integrated into the motherboard and electrically connected to the microcontroller of the motherboard.

[0007] The universal interface assembly consists of a cover plate and a physical interface module. The cover plate is detachably connected to the housing via a snap fastener, and the physical interface module is electrically connected to the motherboard via a board-to-board connector.

[0008] The wireless communication component includes a 4G module and a WIoTa module. All wireless communication components are connected to a common antenna via radio frequency switches. The microcontroller controls the radio frequency switches through a preset strategy to achieve link selection and switching of the wireless communication components.

[0009] In one embodiment, the physical interface module is any one of a USB module, an RJ45 module, or an aviation plug module.

[0010] In one embodiment, the cover is any one of a USB interface cover, an aviation plug interface cover, and an RJ45 crystal head interface cover.

[0011] The cover plate is matched with the physical interface module and is fixed to the housing by a knob clamping component.

[0012] In one embodiment, the physical interface module is equipped with an identification device that is electrically connected to the interface identification unit on the motherboard. This device is used to read the identification information and then automatically configure the pin mapping and level system through the microcontroller.

[0013] In one embodiment, a power management circuit is integrated on the motherboard. The power management circuit forms a power supply loop with the microcontroller, the wireless communication component, and the general interface component. The power management circuit has built-in overvoltage protection components and reverse connection protection circuits, and is connected to the power supply interfaces of each component.

[0014] In one embodiment, the housing surface is provided with three indicator light mounting holes, in which a power indicator light, a 4G status indicator light, and a cloud connection indicator light are respectively embedded. The pins of each indicator light pass through the indicator light mounting holes and are soldered to the indicator light driving circuit on the motherboard. A transparent protective cover is provided on the outside of the indicator light, and the protective cover is snapped and fixed to the housing.

[0015] In one embodiment, the cable connection end of the physical interface module is provided with a traction load reduction ring, which is integrally formed with the housing of the physical interface module. The traction load reduction ring is provided with a cable fixing hole for fixing the external cable by cable ties or buckles.

[0016] In one embodiment, the motherboard is provided with an interface identification circuit;

[0017] The interface identification circuit includes an identification chip and a pull-down resistor. The signal input terminal of the identification chip is electrically connected to the ID pin of the physical interface module.

[0018] The pull-down resistor is connected in parallel between the power supply pin of the identification chip and ground.

[0019] In one embodiment, the wireless communication component includes a link health monitoring unit, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller. By collecting signal strength, latency, and packet loss rate data, the link health monitoring unit triggers the microcontroller to execute a link switching strategy and records a switching log.

[0020] In one embodiment, the motherboard integrates an RS485 / RS232 physical layer interface circuit and corresponding isolation or level conversion circuits.

[0021] As can be seen from the above, the photovoltaic inverter acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication provided by this utility model, through its replaceable cover and pluggable physical interface module structure design, achieves rapid adaptation to multiple types of interfaces such as USB, RJ45, and aviation plugs. It is compatible with different brands and models of photovoltaic inverters without replacing the entire unit, significantly reducing spare parts adaptation cycle and lowering maintenance and inventory costs. The built-in 4G and WIoTa dual-mode wireless communication components, combined with the integrated structure of the RF switch and shared antenna, allow for automatic link switching and redundancy backup strategies via a microcontroller, enabling operation in areas with weak coverage and frequency-limited bands. It can still ensure high cloud connectivity in complex scenarios, while also meeting the requirements of long-distance transmission and low power consumption. The interface module integrates common-mode inductors and shielding covers, and the motherboard is equipped with a complete power protection and electrical isolation structure. Combined with the sealed and buffered design of the shell, it significantly improves the device's anti-static, surge protection and outdoor environmental adaptability. The clear markings of the three-color indicator lights and the hot-swappable module function make the device status intuitive and the operation and maintenance convenient and efficient. The overall structure is unified and highly versatile, effectively solving the problems of existing data acquisition rod interface binding, single communication and insufficient reliability. It is fully adapted to the large-scale and diversified application needs of distributed photovoltaic systems. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic inverter acquisition rod structure with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the functional block of the motherboard and physical interface module according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-interface cover plate according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interface module ID recognition and automatic configuration logic in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-mode link selection / switching state machine logic according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram, 100-Housing, 101-Indicator light, 300-Main board, 201-USB interface cover, 202-Aviation plug interface cover, 203-RJ45 crystal head interface cover, 204-Knob clamping piece, 205-Snap fastener, 300-Main board, 301-MCU, 302-Interface identification unit, 303-Power management circuit, 304-S485 / RS232 physical layer interface circuit, 305-First ESD / TVS protection circuit, 306-Memory, 307-4G module, 308-WIoTa module, 309-RF switch, 310-Common antenna, 311-Board to board connector, 400-Physical interface module, 401-Identification device, 402-Second ESD / TVS protection circuit, 403-Common mode inductor, 404-EMI shielding cover, 405-Interface port. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this utility model should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0031] For ease of understanding, the terms used in the embodiments of this utility model are explained below:

[0032] MCU: Microcontroller Unit

[0033] USB: Universal Serial Bus

[0034] RJ45: Registered Jack 45

[0035] WIoTa: Wide-area Internet of Things technology

[0036] PCB: Printed Circuit Board

[0037] ESD / TVS: Electrostatic Discharge / Transient Voltage Suppressor

[0038] EMI: Electromagnetic Interference

[0039] DE / RE pins: Driver Enable / Receiver Enable pins

[0040] RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0041] RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0042] SINR: (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio)

[0043] USB CDC: USB Communications Device Class

[0044] MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol

[0045] TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

[0046] Device SN: Device Serial Number

[0047] DC-DC: Direct Current to Direct Current Converter

[0048] TVS: Transient Voltage Suppressor

[0049] TLS: Transport Layer Security

[0050] In one embodiment, according to Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of a photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication. Figure 2 The functional block diagram of the motherboard and physical interface module illustrates this utility model.

[0051] A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication includes a housing 100, a motherboard 300, a universal interface component, and a wireless communication component.

[0052] The motherboard 300 is fixed inside the housing 100. The general interface component is detachably connected to the housing 100 and electrically connected to the motherboard 300. The wireless communication component is integrated into the motherboard 300 and electrically connected to the MCU (microcontroller) 301 of the motherboard 300.

[0053] The universal interface component consists of a replaceable cover and a pluggable physical interface module 400, specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cover includes: a USB interface cover 201, an aviation plug interface cover 202, and an RJ45 crystal head interface cover 203. The cover is detachably connected to the housing 100 via a snap-fit ​​205. The physical interface module 400 is electrically connected to the motherboard 300 via a board-to-board connector 311. Specifically, the physical interface module 400 is any one of a USB module, an RJ45 module, or an aviation plug module. The physical interface module 400 is an independent circuit board, with an interface port 405 located at one end of the circuit board. After the signal is input from the interface port 405, it passes sequentially through a common-mode inductor 403 and a second ESD / TVS protection circuit 402, and is then transmitted to the motherboard 300 via the board-to-board connector 311. An EMI shielding cover 404 covers the signal processing area of ​​the circuit board. The replaceable cover is matched with the physical interface module 400 and fixed to the housing 100 by a knob clamping member 204.

[0054] The physical interface module 400 is also equipped with an identification device 401, which is independently set on the circuit board. The motherboard 300 is equipped with an interface identification unit 302. The identification device 401 is electrically connected to the interface identification unit 302 on the motherboard 300, and is used to read the identification information of the identification device 401 and automatically configure the pin mapping and level system.

[0055] The physical interface module 400 supports hot-swapping and is equipped with a cable traction and load reduction structure. The traction and load reduction ring is integrally formed with the physical interface module housing, and the traction and load reduction ring has cable fixing holes for securing external cables with cable ties or clips. The wireless communication component includes both a 4G module 307 and a WIoTa module 308. Both wireless communication components are connected to a common antenna 310 via an RF switch 309. The microcontroller 301 controls the RF switch through a preset strategy to achieve link selection and switching of the wireless communication components. The wireless communication component supports MQTT and / or TCP application layer protocols.

[0056] The motherboard 300 is equipped with a power management circuit 303, which forms a power supply loop with the microcontroller 301, the wireless communication component and the general interface component respectively. The power management circuit 303 has built-in overvoltage protection components and reverse connection protection circuits, and is connected to the power supply interfaces of each component.

[0057] The motherboard 300 also includes a first ESD / TVS protection circuit 305 and a memory 306.

[0058] The data acquisition device also features three-color status indicator lights 101, mounted on the housing 100. Power indicator, 4G status indicator, and cloud connection indicator lights 101 are respectively embedded in the mounting holes. The pins of each indicator light 101 pass through the mounting holes and are soldered to the indicator light driver circuit on the mainboard 300. A transparent protective cover is provided on the outside of each indicator light 101, and the protective cover is snapped into place on the housing 100. The indicator lights 100 are used to indicate power status, 4G network status, and system / cloud connection status, respectively. The RF switch 309 is used to switch the connection of the shared antenna 310 between the 4G module 307 and the WIoTa module 308.

[0059] The motherboard 300 is also equipped with an interface identification circuit 302, which includes an identification chip and a pull-down resistor. The signal input terminal of the identification chip is electrically connected to the ID pin of the physical interface module 400.

[0060] A pull-down resistor is connected in parallel between the power supply pin of the identification chip and ground. The motherboard 300 integrates the S485 / RS232 physical layer interface circuit 304 and the corresponding isolation / level conversion circuit.

[0061] The wireless communication component is equipped with a link health monitoring unit, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller. By collecting signal strength, latency and packet loss rate data, the link health monitoring unit triggers the microcontroller to execute a link switching strategy and records a switching log.

[0062] This utility model provides a photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication. Through a structural design with a replaceable cover and pluggable physical interface modules, it achieves rapid adaptation to multiple interface types such as USB, RJ45, and aviation connectors. It is compatible with different brands and models of photovoltaic inverters without requiring a complete unit replacement, significantly reducing spare parts adaptation time and lowering maintenance and inventory costs. It incorporates 4G and WIoTa dual-mode wireless communication components, and with an integrated structure of RF switch and shared antenna, it can automatically execute link switching and redundancy backup strategies through a microcontroller, ensuring compatibility even in complex scenarios such as weak coverage and frequency-limited bands. It can guarantee high cloud connectivity while also meeting the requirements of long-distance transmission and low power consumption. The interface module integrates common-mode inductors and shielding covers, and the motherboard is equipped with a complete power protection and electrical isolation structure. Combined with the sealed and buffered design of the shell, it significantly improves the device's anti-static, anti-surge, and outdoor environmental adaptability. The clear markings of the three-color indicator lights and the hot-swappable module function make the device status intuitive and the operation and maintenance convenient and efficient. The overall structure is unified and highly versatile, effectively solving the problems of existing data acquisition rod interface binding, single communication, and insufficient reliability. It is fully adapted to the large-scale and diversified application needs of distributed photovoltaic systems.

[0063] The following will describe the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 4 (Logical block diagram of interface module ID recognition and automatic configuration) and Figure 5 (Dual-mode link selection / switching state machine logic block diagram) clearly and completely describes the technical solution of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] For RJ45 modules, RS485 half-duplex and dual-mode shared antenna

[0066] 1. Applicable Scenarios and Objectives: Scenarios where the inverter provides RJ45 / RS485 communication ports. The objective is to achieve rapid access by replacing the RJ45 interface module without replacing the entire unit, and to prioritize the use of WIoTa low-power backhaul in areas with weak 4G coverage to ensure data uptime.

[0067] 2. Mechanical assembly and electrical connection steps:

[0068] Open the front cover: Loosen clip 205 and remove the cover;

[0069] Physical interface module inserted into RJ45 interface module: Insert along the key slot guide, snap into place, connect board to board connector 311;

[0070] Install the entire machine: Insert the housing 100 straight into the mounting seat, and tighten the knob clamping part 204 to the positioning stop;

[0071] Connect the inverter: Connect the RJ45 network cable to interface port 405.

[0072] 3. Power-on and software configuration process:

[0073] Power-on self-test: The MCU sequentially checks the power domain, memory, and peripherals, illuminating a solid red LED.

[0074] Module identification: Read the interface module ID of the identification device 401, parse it as "RJ45 / RS485 half-duplex / mapping table", and automatically load the 485 driver;

[0075] Local link establishment: Set baud rate / data bits / parity bits (default 9600 / 8N1, configurable), DE / RE pins are controlled by MCU;

[0076] Acquisition strategy: Read inverter operating data according to acquisition cycle / register mapping and cache it in a circular queue;

[0077] Wireless link detection: Initiate WIoTa and 4G network registration processes in parallel, and record indicators such as RSSI / latency / packet loss rate;

[0078] Link selection: If the WIoTa index is better than the threshold, it is set as the primary link. A flashing green light indicates that the 4G secondary link is in standby mode, and a solid blue light indicates that the cloud is online.

[0079] Abnormal rollback: If the main link fails to upload for N consecutive cycles (N is a configurable option), it will automatically switch to the backup 4G and trigger log recording.

[0080] 4. Abnormalities and Protection:

[0081] Interface electrical protection: RJ45 side-mounted common mode inductor 403 and ESD / TVS protection circuit 402, surge / static electricity is absorbed by shielding and grounding design;

[0082] Reverse connection / overvoltage: Power management circuit 303 provides reverse connection and overvoltage protection;

[0083] Data integrity: Link breakage caching and retransmission ensure that critical data is not lost.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] Aviation connector module and RS232 full-duplex

[0086] 1. Applicable Scenarios and Objectives: Suitable for scenarios where the inverter housing provides a circular aviation plug interface. RS232 communication is achieved by replacing the aviation plug module.

[0087] 2. Mechanical assembly and electrical connection steps:

[0088] Replace the interface module: Loosen clip 205, remove the cover plate, insert the aviation plug module, align the key and lock it;

[0089] Connect the aviation connector: Insert the external aviation connector cable and tighten it to secure it;

[0090] Secure the entire machine: Insert the housing 100 directly into the mounting seat, and tighten the knob clamping part 204 to the positioning stop;

[0091] Connect the inverter: Connect the RJ45 network cable to interface port 405.

[0092] 3. Automatic software identification and configuration:

[0093] Module identification: Read the interface module ID of the identification device 401, parse it as "airplane plug / RS232 / mapping table", and load parameters such as baud rate, parity, and polarity;

[0094] Link quality periodic assessment: 4G RSRP / SINR and WIoTa link quality are statistically analyzed by time window, and weighted scores are calculated;

[0095] Primary link selection and switching: the one with the higher score becomes the primary link; if the primary link degrades for M consecutive windows, a switch is triggered and written to the log;

[0096] Alarms and Instructions: A solid blue light indicates the cloud is online; rapid flashing indicates the process is switching.

[0097] 4. Key points for handling exceptions:

[0098] RS232 level reversal: damage is avoided by interface identification and level conversion circuit;

[0099] Over-temperature derating: When the temperature exceeds the threshold, WIoTa low-power links are used first and the acquisition / reporting frequency is reduced.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] USB module, CDC virtual serial port and interface automatic recognition fallback

[0102] 1. Applicable Scenarios and Objectives: Suitable for existing inverter retrofit scenarios with mixed installations of multiple brands and inconsistent interface specifications. USB / CDC direct connection for data reading is preferred; if the on-site inverter does not support standard USB / CDC, it will automatically fall back to RS485 / RS232 detection to ensure a high success rate for online connection.

[0103] 2. Assembly and Identification Process:

[0104] Open the front cover: Loosen clip 205 and remove the cover;

[0105] Physical interface module inserted into USB module: Insert along the key slot guide, snap into place, connect board to board connector 311;

[0106] Power on: Red light stays on; Read module ID declaration "USB / CDC / mapping table";

[0107] Identify USB role: Prioritize CDC virtual serial port communication; if enumeration fails or the protocol is incompatible, fall back to RS485 / RS232 polling detection;

[0108] Log recording: Records the identification path (CDC→485 / 232), failure reason code, and final effective mode;

[0109] 3. Data collection and reporting:

[0110] Data Acquisition: Load registers / frame formats according to brand configuration files; enable general probing (baud rate / checksum / address polling) when mismatches occur;

[0111] Caching and retransmission: Local circular buffer and timestamp, automatic retransmission after link loss;

[0112] Reporting protocol: MQTT / TCP optional; topics / channels are organized by device SN or site code.

[0113] Remote upgrade: Differential firmware is pushed via 4G or WIoTa OTA, and the blue light flashes slowly during the upgrade process;

[0114] 4. Abnormalities and Protection:

[0115] Unstable USB power supply: The power management domain smooths the power supply and detects undervoltage, switching to an independent DC-DC converter if necessary;

[0116] ESD protection: TVS diodes and electrostatic discharge paths are installed on the interface side;

[0117] Permissions and Security: The reporting link supports device-level authentication and TLS (4G) or gateway-level authentication (WIoTa platform side).

[0118] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the present invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0119] The embodiments of this utility model are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication, characterized in that, include: Housing, motherboard, general interface components and wireless communication components; The motherboard is fixed inside the housing, the universal interface component is detachably connected to the housing and electrically connected to the motherboard, and the wireless communication component is integrated into the motherboard and electrically connected to the microcontroller of the motherboard. The universal interface assembly consists of a cover plate and a physical interface module. The cover plate is detachably connected to the housing via a snap fastener, and the physical interface module is electrically connected to the motherboard via a board-to-board connector. The wireless communication component includes a 4G module and a WIoTa module. All wireless communication components are connected to a common antenna via radio frequency switches. The microcontroller controls the radio frequency switches through a preset strategy to achieve link selection and switching of the wireless communication components.

2. The photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical interface module is any one of a USB module, an RJ45 module, or an aviation plug module.

3. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cover plate is any one of a USB interface cover plate, an aviation plug interface cover plate, and an RJ45 crystal head interface cover plate; the cover plate is matched with the physical interface module and is fixed to the housing by a knob clamping component.

4. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The physical interface module is equipped with an identification device, which is electrically connected to the interface identification unit on the motherboard. This device is used to read the identification information and then automatically configure the pin mapping and level system through the microcontroller.

5. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motherboard integrates a power management circuit, which forms a power supply loop with the microcontroller, the wireless communication component, and the general interface component. The power management circuit also has built-in overvoltage protection components and reverse connection protection circuits, and is connected to the power supply interfaces of each component.

6. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the housing is provided with three indicator light mounting holes. A power indicator light, a 4G status indicator light, and a cloud connection indicator light are respectively embedded in the indicator light mounting holes. The pins of each indicator light pass through the indicator light mounting holes and are soldered to the indicator light driver circuit on the motherboard. A transparent protective cover is provided on the outside of the indicator light, and the protective cover is snapped and fixed to the housing.

7. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical interface module has a traction load reduction ring at the cable connection end. The traction load reduction ring is integrally formed with the physical interface module housing. The traction load reduction ring has a cable fixing hole for fixing external cables with cable ties or buckles.

8. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motherboard is equipped with an interface recognition circuit; The interface identification circuit includes an identification chip and a pull-down resistor. The signal input terminal of the identification chip is electrically connected to the ID pin of the physical interface module. The pull-down resistor is connected in parallel between the power supply pin of the identification chip and ground.

9. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication component is equipped with a link health monitoring unit, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller. By collecting signal strength, latency and packet loss rate data, the link health monitoring unit triggers the microcontroller to execute a link switching strategy and records a switching log.

10. A photovoltaic inverter data acquisition rod with a universal interface and dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motherboard integrates RS485 / RS232 physical layer interface circuits and corresponding isolation or level conversion circuits.

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