Building integrated photovoltaic module structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of building photovoltaic integrated assembly structures, form light-transmitting color decorative layer on the outside of front plate glass, in combination with certain light transmittance, so that photovoltaic assembly can exhibit rich color and beautiful appearance while having good photoelectric conversion efficiency.The building photovoltaic integrated assembly structure ensures the balance between functionality and decoration of photovoltaic assembly, and at the same time enables the photovoltaic structure to better meet the high requirements of modern architecture for aesthetics, solving the problem of limited use due to functional requirements when using the building photovoltaic integrated assembly structure of the prior art in building projects with appearance design requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically to a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure. Background Technology

[0002] Existing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structures aim to combine solar photovoltaic modules with building components to achieve the dual purpose of power generation and building function. However, in pursuing its core functionality—namely, efficient photoelectric conversion and structural integrity—existing BIPV designs generally face the challenge of insufficient aesthetics. This mainly stems from the conflict between the inherent physical characteristics and electrical connection requirements of photovoltaic modules and architectural aesthetic principles. Specifically, to achieve maximum light absorption efficiency, photovoltaic cells typically exhibit a dark, opaque, or semi-transparent monochromatic color. Their regular array arrangement, visible grid lines and busbars, and the encapsulation materials used to protect the cells from environmental corrosion often give the modules an industrialized, homogeneous appearance, making it difficult to seamlessly integrate with the diverse building facade materials, colors, and textures. Furthermore, the size and shape of standardized photovoltaic modules limit architects' design freedom, resulting in limitations in BIPV's customization and artistic expression. This makes it difficult to meet the modern architectural pursuit of personalization and high-quality aesthetics, leading to functionality often taking precedence over aesthetics in practical applications. Consequently, the use of building-integrated photovoltaic modules in architectural projects with aesthetic design requirements is limited by functional needs. Utility Model Content

[0003] The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided in the embodiments of this utility model aims to solve the problem that the use of existing BIPV module structures in building projects with appearance design requirements is limited by functional requirements.

[0004] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure, comprising: a back panel glass; a front panel glass, arranged parallel to the back panel glass; a light-transmitting colored decorative layer formed on the outer side of the front panel glass away from the back panel glass; a transparent conductive layer formed on the inner side of the front panel glass near the back panel glass; a photovoltaic functional layer disposed between the transparent conductive layer and the back panel glass; and an encapsulating film layer disposed between the photovoltaic functional layer and the back panel glass; wherein the light-transmitting colored decorative layer has a light transmittance of not less than 50%.

[0005] In the building-integrated photovoltaic module structure provided by this utility model, the light transmittance of the light-transmitting colored decorative layer is not higher than 90%.

[0006] In the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided by this utility model, the translucent colored decorative layer is processed by at least one of the following processes: screen printing, digital printing, roller printing, spraying, and etching, and then tempered.

[0007] In the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided by this utility model, the light-transmitting colored decorative layer includes a light-scattering microstructure, which includes at least one of glaze particle protrusions, glaze microprism arrays, and glaze etched grooves.

[0008] In the building-integrated photovoltaic module structure provided by this utility model, a color enhancement layer is provided on the surface of the back glass facing the encapsulation film layer, and the hue of the color enhancement layer matches the color of the light-transmitting colored decorative layer.

[0009] In the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided by this utility model, the photovoltaic functional layer is provided with a first charge transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, and an electrode layer in sequence from the transparent conductive layer to the back glass.

[0010] The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided by this utility model also includes an electrical connection structure, which includes a conductive tape, a busbar, and a junction box. The conductive tape and the busbar are connected to the electrode layer.

[0011] In the building-integrated photovoltaic module structure provided by this utility model, the thickness of the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer is 400nm to 700nm.

[0012] In the building-integrated photovoltaic module structure provided by this utility model, the thickness of the encapsulating film layer is 0.38mm to 1.52mm.

[0013] In the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure provided by this utility model, the material of the encapsulating film layer is selected from one of metallocene polyethylene elastomer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyvinyl butyral.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] In this invention, a translucent colored decorative layer is formed on the outer surface of the front glass panel. Combined with its specific light transmittance, this allows the photovoltaic module to exhibit rich colors and an aesthetically pleasing appearance while maintaining good photoelectric conversion efficiency. This solution ensures a balance between functionality and aesthetics in the photovoltaic module, while also enabling the photovoltaic structure to better meet the high aesthetic demands of modern architecture. It solves the problem of functional limitations imposed by existing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structures in architectural projects with aesthetic design requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label explanation:

[0019] 1. Translucent colored decorative layer; 2. Front panel glass; 3. Transparent conductive layer; 4. First charge transport layer; 5. Perovskite photoelectric conversion layer; 6. Second charge transport layer; 7. Buffer layer; 8. Electrode layer; 9. Encapsulating film layer; 10. Back panel glass; 11. Electrical connection structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0022] This utility model discloses a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure, aiming to solve the problem that the use of existing BIPV module structures in building projects with aesthetic design requirements is limited by functional needs. (Refer to...) Figure 1The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure includes: a back panel glass 10; a front panel glass 2, arranged parallel to the back panel glass 10; a translucent colored decorative layer 1, formed on the outer side of the front panel glass 2 away from the back panel glass 10; a transparent conductive layer 3, formed on the inner side of the front panel glass 2 near the back panel glass 10; a photovoltaic functional layer, disposed between the transparent conductive layer 3 and the back panel glass 10; and an encapsulating film layer 9, disposed between the photovoltaic functional layer and the back panel glass 10. The translucent colored decorative layer 1 has a light transmittance of not less than 50%. Both the back panel glass 10 and the front panel glass 2 are made of photovoltaic-grade ultra-clear glass, with a thickness controlled within the range of 2 mm to 12 mm. A colored glass enamel is uniformly coated onto the side of the front panel glass 2 away from the back panel using a high-temperature process to form the translucent colored decorative layer 1. After applying the colored enamel layer, it undergoes drying and tempering treatments to enhance its weather resistance and adhesion, ensuring that it can maintain its vibrant color and wear and weather resistance for a long time in complex outdoor environments. The light transmittance of the translucent colored decorative layer 1 depends on the selected glaze, ensuring rich colors without significantly reducing light transmittance, thus meeting the basic requirements of photovoltaic power generation. On the side of the front glass 2 closest to the back glass 10, a transparent conductive layer 3 is obtained by vacuum magnetron sputtering deposition of a highly transparent conductive oxide. The thickness of the conductive oxide in the transparent conductive layer 3 is generally controlled between a few nanometers and tens of nanometers to ensure good conductivity and high light transmittance while minimizing light obstruction. The transparent conductive layer 3 is disposed between the transparent conductive layer 3 and the back glass 10 as the photovoltaic functional layer for photoelectric conversion. Specifically, the transparent conductive layer 3 uses indium tin oxide (ITO) as the conductive material. An encapsulating film layer 9 is also disposed between the photovoltaic functional layer and the back glass 10, which is used to connect the back glass 10 and the front glass 2 into a single unit. After the encapsulating film layer 9 is set, the front glass 2 and the back glass 10 are pre-pressed using a laminator to improve the interlayer bonding strength. Then, they are sent into a high-temperature autoclave for encapsulation to ensure a tight bond between the multilayer structures. Finally, the positive and negative leads are connected to the electrical connection structure 11, and encapsulating adhesive is used for insulation and sealing to enhance the durability of the module in outdoor environments.

[0023] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1The light transmittance of the translucent colored decorative layer 1 is not higher than 90%. Further, the translucent colored decorative layer 1 is processed by at least one of the following processes: screen printing, digital printing, roller printing, spraying, and etching, and then tempered. The translucent colored decorative layer 1 is processed on the side of the front glass 2 away from the back glass 10 using various high-temperature processes such as screen printing, digital printing, roller printing, spraying, or etching. This translucent colored decorative layer 1 has a light transmittance of not less than 50%, achieving rich color effects while maintaining a certain level of light transmission, providing a more realistic color expression for building curtain walls. After the colored glaze layer is coated, it is firmly adhered to the glass surface using drying, tempering, and heat treatment processes to form colored glaze tempered glass. During the manufacturing process, the light transmittance of the colored glaze tempered glass can be adjusted between 50% and 90% depending on the type, color, and composition ratio of the glaze used, thereby meeting the needs of different architectural designs for appearance and light transmission.

[0024] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1 The translucent colored decorative layer 1 includes a light-scattering microstructure, which comprises at least one of the following: glaze particle protrusions, glaze microprism arrays, and glaze etched grooves. The light-scattering microstructure is introduced into the translucent colored decorative layer 1 to optimize its optical performance and appearance. This light-scattering microstructure can be achieved in various ways, specifically including protruding particles formed in the glaze, microprism arrays, or grooves created by etching. During the manufacturing process, after the colored glaze is coated onto the glass surface, an etching process, such as chemical etching or laser micro-engraving, is used to generate micron-sized protrusions or grooves on the glaze surface. If glaze particle protrusions are used, microparticles of a specific size are added during the glaze spraying or printing process to achieve dispersion and protrusion of the microparticles on the glaze surface. If a microprism array is used, after the glaze is coated, a regularly arranged microprism structure is formed by photolithography or molding, thereby achieving directional light scattering or refraction effects. Etched grooves are formed on the glaze surface through chemical etching or laser etching to create regular or irregular groove structures, further adjusting the light scattering characteristics. These microstructures effectively scatter incident light, reduce surface reflection, enhance the visual richness and three-dimensionality of the color layer, and improve light distribution, thus helping to improve the light absorption efficiency of photovoltaic modules. During manufacturing, high-precision etching equipment and process parameters should be selected to ensure the uniformity and stability of the microstructure dimensions, thereby obtaining high-quality scattering optical effects.

[0025] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1The back glass 10 has a color enhancement layer on the surface facing the encapsulating film layer 9, and the hue of the color enhancement layer matches the color of the translucent colored decorative layer 1. The color enhancement layer on the surface of the back glass 10 facing the encapsulating film layer 9 enhances the overall color saturation and decorative effect. This color enhancement layer can be applied by coating or printing a thin layer of color-adjusting material onto the surface of the back glass 10. The material used can be a specially formulated colored glaze or a high-purity colorant film, matching the hue of the translucent colored decorative layer 1 to make the overall color expression more unified and harmonious. During the manufacturing process, the surface of the back glass 10 is first smoothed to ensure its flatness and adhesion. Then, the color enhancement layer is evenly applied to the corresponding surface of the back glass 10 using processes such as spraying, screen printing, or film covering. After coating, appropriate drying or curing processes are performed to ensure the stability and weather resistance of the color enhancement layer. The hue of this reinforcing layer has been meticulously adjusted to harmonize with the hue of the translucent colored decorative layer 1, making the stained glass appear more vivid and saturated in the overall visual effect of the building's exterior, thus enhancing the building's overall aesthetic appeal. This measure not only strengthens the visual impact of the translucent colored decorative layer 1 but also avoids color difference issues, improving overall color consistency and decorative effect.

[0026] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 The photovoltaic functional layer, from near the transparent conductive layer 3 to the backplane glass 10, comprises a first charge transport layer 4, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer 5, a second charge transport layer 6, a buffer layer 7, and an electrode layer 8, arranged sequentially. The structural design of the photovoltaic functional layer follows an inside-out arrangement to ensure the high efficiency of the photovoltaic chip. Adjacent to the transparent conductive layer 3 is the first charge transport layer 4, typically employing electron transport materials or a dense film, used for efficiently capturing and transporting photogenerated electrons and reducing electron recombination losses. The perovskite photoelectric conversion layer 5 is deposited, with its thickness controlled within the range of 400 to 700 nanometers, using spin-coating or chemical deposition techniques to uniformly cover the perovskite material on the first charge transport layer 4, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. Subsequently, the second charge transport layer 6, typically employing a hole transport material, is laid on top of the perovskite layer to effectively conduct photogenerated positive charges to the electrode layer 8. A buffer layer 7 is then sequentially arranged outwards to buffer stress and interface defects between the perovskite layer and the electrode layer 8, improving the overall stability of the device. The buffer layer 7 can be made of hole or electron buffer material, the specific choice depending on the type of electrode. The layer closest to the backplane glass 10 is the electrode layer 8, which is usually composed of metal foil or metal film, serving as the positive and negative electrode leads connected to the external circuit to realize the output of photoelectric energy. The fabrication of these layers generally employs processes such as vacuum evaporation, spin coating, and sputtering to ensure good adhesion and continuity between layers.

[0027] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure of this utility model also includes an electrical connection structure 11, which comprises conductive tape, busbars, and a junction box. The conductive tape and busbars are connected to the electrode layer 8. The electrical connection structure 11 ensures that the electrical energy of the photovoltaic chip can be efficiently and safely transmitted to the external circuit. The conductive tape uses a highly conductive and weather-resistant conductive material, typically silver paste or conductive polymer, and is tightly connected to the positive and negative conductive layers of the electrode layer 8 by mechanical bonding or hot pressing to ensure stable current conduction. The width and thickness of the conductive tape are rationally designed according to the current load requirements to reduce resistance and heat generation. The busbar, as a current collector, is typically made of copper or aluminum, possessing good conductivity and mechanical strength, and converges the positive and negative electrodes of multiple electrode layers 8 together to form a unified output terminal. The busbar is connected to the conductive tape by welding or conductive adhesive to ensure the continuity and reliability of the current path. The junction box connected to the busbar is installed at the edge of the module and contains terminals or wiring terminals for connecting external cables or power distribution systems. The junction box is equipped with internal insulation and waterproofing to ensure safety and reliability for long-term use in outdoor environments.

[0028] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 The thickness of the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer 5 is 400 nm to 700 nm. The thickness of the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer 5 is controlled within the range of 400 to 700 nm to optimize its photoelectric performance and ensure structural stability. During the preparation process, perovskite material is uniformly deposited onto the second charge transport layer 6 using processes such as spin coating, spraying, or chemical deposition. The desired film thickness can be obtained by precisely controlling the deposition rate, solution concentration, and spin coating speed and time. Within this range, a thinner layer of approximately 400 nm helps improve light absorption efficiency, reduce material usage, and decrease stress accumulation; while a thicker layer of approximately 700 nm is beneficial for enhancing light absorption and improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency. To achieve the target thickness, deposition parameters and process conditions have been repeatedly adjusted and optimized to ensure that each perovskite film is uniform and dense, with good crystal quality and interfacial adhesion. Throughout the entire process, it is also necessary to control the ambient humidity and temperature to reduce the formation of defects and grain boundary defects, thereby obtaining a perovskite layer with stable performance and strong weather resistance. The reasonable thickness range design not only ensures the efficient photoelectric conversion of the perovskite layer, but also enhances the stability of the device, meeting the dual requirements of performance and durability for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module applications.

[0029] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1The thickness of the encapsulating film layer 9 is from 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm. The material of the encapsulating film layer 9 is selected from one or more combinations of metallocene polyethylene elastomer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyvinyl butyral. The thickness range of 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm is rationally selected based on the structural requirements and performance indicators of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module. In practical applications, encapsulating films with high transparency, low fluorescence, UV resistance, and good weather resistance, conforming to photovoltaic industry standards, are selected first, including photovoltaic-grade films with high light transmittance. The thickness of the film is adjusted by control or by using multi-layer stacking to ensure sufficient mechanical strength and adhesion performance without affecting the overall light transmittance, meeting the requirements for use in building curtain walls. For the selection of the film material, the preferred materials are one or more combinations of metallocene polyethylene elastomer, such as EVAL-PE, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, such as EVA, or polyvinyl butyral, such as PVB. Specifically, EVA material possesses excellent optical transparency, elasticity, and weather resistance, maintaining its adhesion performance even in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. It is also easy to process and widely used in photovoltaic encapsulation. Metallocene polyethylene elastomers exhibit excellent UV resistance and aging resistance, enhancing the weather resistance and environmental adaptability of the encapsulation film. PVB, with its superior adhesion and toughness, is particularly suitable for the structural strength requirements of building curtain walls. Mixing two or more materials in a certain proportion allows for the application of their respective advantages, resulting in encapsulation films that meet the requirements of high light transmittance, strong weather resistance, and high adhesion strength. During manufacturing, the selected film material is first wound or coated within a controlled thickness range into a lamination mold, followed by hot pressing or roll pressing to obtain a film layer of the designed thickness. Subsequently, the film layer is placed between the front glass 2 and the perovskite layer, undergoing pre-pressing and drying in a laminator to ensure a tight bond between the film, glass, and functional layers, providing excellent mechanical strength and insulation properties. Finally, the laminated photovoltaic module is encapsulated under high temperature and high pressure. The encapsulant layer is fully integrated with other materials under hot and pressure to ensure its long-term weather resistance and structural stability.

[0030] The various embodiments of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure of this invention have significant advantages in terms of material saving, weight reduction, improved appearance, enhanced weather resistance, and stability, providing highly attractive solutions for building curtain walls, facades, and other applications. Their excellent technical performance and broad application prospects make these colored perovskite BIPV modules possess enormous market potential in future building-integrated energy solutions, driving the rapid development of green buildings, sustainable development, and smart city construction, and demonstrating broad promotional value and application prospects.

[0031] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure, characterized in that, include: Back panel glass; The front glass panel is arranged parallel to the back glass panel. A translucent colored decorative layer is formed on the outer side of the front glass away from the back glass; A transparent conductive layer is formed on the inner side of the front glass panel near the back glass panel; A photovoltaic functional layer is disposed between the transparent conductive layer and the backsheet glass; An encapsulating film layer is disposed between the photovoltaic functional layer and the backsheet glass; The light-transmitting colored decorative layer has a light transmittance of not less than 50%.

2. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light transmittance of the translucent colored decorative layer is not higher than 90%.

3. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The translucent colored decorative layer is processed by at least one of the following processes: screen printing, digital printing, roller printing, spraying, and etching, and then tempered.

4. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The translucent colored decorative layer includes a light-scattering microstructure, which includes at least one of the following: glaze particle protrusions, glaze microprism array, and glaze etched grooves.

5. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back glass has a color enhancement layer on the surface facing the encapsulating film layer, and the hue of the color enhancement layer matches the color of the translucent colored decorative layer.

6. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic functional layer is provided with a first charge transport layer, a perovskite photoelectric conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer and an electrode layer in sequence from the transparent conductive layer to the back glass.

7. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes an electrical connection structure, which includes a conductive tape, a busbar, and a junction box, wherein the conductive tape and the busbar are connected to the electrode layer.

8. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the perovskite photoelectric conversion layer is 400 nm to 700 nm.

9. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the encapsulating film layer is from 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm.

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