An automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth.

Abstract

This application provides an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire areas to promote vegetation growth. The device includes an experimental chamber, a heating and temperature control module, and a steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is connected to both the heating and temperature control module and the steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is a planting box made of opaque material and filled with homogeneous soil. The heating and temperature control module includes a PID temperature controller, a relay, a temperature sensor, and a heating cable. The PID temperature controller controls the on / off state of the heating cable via the relay to achieve precise and stable control of the soil temperature. The steady-state water replenishment module includes a humidity sensor, a main controller, a control valve, and a water storage tank. The main controller controls the control valve to perform pulsed drip irrigation on the soil based on a comparison between the soil humidity value and a set humidity threshold. Through the above technical solution, water can be supplied dynamically and accurately on demand under all temperature conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of equipment control technology, and in particular to an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth. Background Technology

[0002] Statistics show that the cumulative burned area of ​​coalfield fire zones in my country has been increasing year by year. After complete remediation, these areas will form unconventional geothermal resources with large-scale spatial distribution and high-grade energy abundance. However, effective development and utilization pathways for these secondary low-temperature geothermal resources have not yet been established, resulting in a significant waste of residual heat resources from fire zones. In research and practice on using vegetation for coal mine ecological restoration, underground coal fire heat energy is a major factor affecting vegetation survival and growth. Studies have shown that appropriately increasing soil temperature can improve seed germination rates, increase soil enzyme activity, enhance microbial metabolic rates, strengthen root nutrient and water absorption rates, and promote plant growth. This provides feasibility and favorable conditions for the development and ecological utilization of residual heat energy in coalfield fire zones.

[0003] Coal mine geothermal activity is a common geological phenomenon triggered by mining activities. It warms shallow soil through heat conduction and convection, creating a unique stress / promoting environment. Clarifying the independent impact of geothermal activity on vegetation growth is a prerequisite for selecting heat-resistant vegetation and carrying out ecological restoration. However, increased temperature directly leads to accelerated water evaporation, making it extremely difficult to study single temperature effects under natural conditions. Therefore, a technical solution that can decouple the hydrothermal relationship in an experimental environment is urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire areas to promote vegetation growth. This solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the inability to effectively decouple hydrothermal variables in experiments, low temperature control accuracy, and lack of data traceability. It achieves decoupling of moisture and temperature, as well as high-precision and stable control of soil temperature and humidity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an automatic water replenishment device for promoting vegetation growth through residual heat utilization in coalfield fire areas. The device includes: an experimental chamber, a heating and temperature control module, and a steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is connected to both the heating and temperature control module and the steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is a planting box made of opaque material, with insulation layers on its bottom and side walls, and filled with homogeneous soil. The heating and temperature control module includes a PID temperature controller, a relay, a temperature sensor, and a heating cable. The temperature sensor is embedded in the root zone of the soil within the experimental chamber and connected to the PID temperature controller to collect the soil temperature. The heating cable is embedded in the soil within the experimental chamber. The system is connected to the PID temperature controller via the relay to raise the soil temperature. The PID temperature controller controls the on / off state of the heating cable via the relay to achieve precise and stable control of the soil temperature. The steady-state moisture supply module includes a humidity sensor, a main controller, a control valve, and a water storage tank. The humidity sensor is embedded in the root zone of the soil in the experimental chamber and connected to the main controller to collect the humidity value of the root zone. The inlet of the control valve is connected to the water storage tank, and the outlet is equipped with a drip irrigation head and connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the control valve to perform pulsed drip irrigation to replenish the soil based on the comparison result of the humidity value and a set humidity threshold, so as to maintain constant soil moisture.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the device further includes: a data recording device; the data recording device is connected to the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the PID temperature controller and the main controller respectively; the data recording device uses an SD card storage unit to automatically record the soil temperature, humidity values ​​and drip irrigation water replenishment event data with timestamps.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the PID temperature controller is used to control the heating cable to connect via the relay to raise the soil temperature when the soil temperature is lower than a set temperature threshold; and to control the heating cable to disconnect via the relay to lower the soil temperature when the soil temperature is greater than or equal to the set temperature threshold, thereby maintaining a constant soil temperature.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the main controller is configured to control the control valve to initiate pulsed water replenishment when the humidity value is less than the set humidity threshold, and to stop replenishment when the humidity value is greater than or equal to the set humidity threshold, thereby dynamically stabilizing the soil moisture within the optimal water demand range.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the experimental chamber has dimensions of 60cm × 40cm × 30cm; the insulation layer is a 3-5cm thick extruded polystyrene board.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the heating cables are evenly laid out in an S-shape in the soil of the experimental chamber, with a spacing of 10-15cm between the heating cables, and the heating cables are covered with 2-3cm of soil.

[0011] In one possible implementation, both the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are buried in the main root layer of the plant at a soil depth of 10-15cm, with a horizontal distance of not less than 5cm between them.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the main controller is an Arduino UNO, and the control valve is a silicone pump tube.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the soil filling of the experimental chamber is carried out by layered filling and equal compaction to ensure consistent soil density.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the device further includes a cultivation box; at least one cultivation box is connected to the main controller, and the cultivation box is used for preliminary experiments to calibrate the optimal water requirement range for the plant under test.

[0015] The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0016] (1) By real-time monitoring of soil moisture sensor and feedback control of control valve, a water replenishment closed loop is formed, which can dynamically and accurately supply water on demand, thereby strictly maintaining the soil volume water content at the set value under all temperature conditions, truly realizing "water and heat decoupling", and laying a reliable experimental foundation for the study of pure geothermal utilization experiments.

[0017] (2) The use of heating cables buried in the soil and controlled by a PID temperature controller can provide a stable, uniform and high-precision soil temperature field with minimal fluctuations. This not only significantly improves the repeatability and accuracy of the experiment, but also highly replicates the real geothermal environment, greatly enhancing the ecological validity and scientific value of the experimental results. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A block diagram of an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 A block diagram of another automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 A front sectional view of an experimental chamber provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor layout inside an experimental chamber provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cultivation box provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] 1-Experimental chamber; 2-Insulation layer; 3-Soil; 4-Heating cable; 5-Temperature sensor; 6-Humidity sensor; 7-PID temperature controller; 8-Relay; 9-Main controller; 10-Control valve; 11-Drip irrigation head; 12-Data recording device; 13-Water storage tank; 14-Cultivation box; 15-Cultivation box body; 16-Plant to be tested; 17-Water storage device. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] As discussed in the background section, researching which vegetation can survive and thrive in the degraded ecosystems of abandoned mining areas (i.e., ecological restoration) is of great significance. The core of studying the impact of geothermal energy on vegetation growth lies in clarifying the individual effect of temperature promotion. However, rising temperatures directly lead to an accelerated rate of soil moisture evaporation, naturally coupling the two variables of "temperature" and "moisture." Therefore, how to decouple this process through technological means and create a controllable experimental environment where "moisture remains constant and only temperature changes" has become a key technological bottleneck in this research field.

[0029] Traditional plant cultivation chambers can control air temperature and humidity, but they cannot independently and precisely control soil temperature and humidity, let alone simulate the bottom-up heating mode of underground thermal energy in coal mines. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop an integrated, high-precision, and data-visualized experimental device specifically designed for this type of research.

[0030] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth. The device includes: an experimental chamber, a heating and temperature control module, and a steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is connected to both the heating and temperature control module and the steady-state water replenishment module. The experimental chamber is a planting box made of opaque material, with insulation layers on its bottom and side walls, and filled with homogeneous soil. The heating and temperature control module includes a PID temperature controller, a relay, a temperature sensor, and a heating cable. The temperature sensor is embedded in the root zone of the soil within the experimental chamber and connected to the PID temperature controller to collect soil temperature data. The heating cable is embedded in the soil within the experimental chamber. In this system, a relay is connected to a PID temperature controller to raise the soil temperature. The PID temperature controller controls the on / off state of the heating cable via the relay, achieving precise and stable control of the soil temperature. The steady-state moisture supply module includes a humidity sensor, a main controller, a control valve, and a water storage tank. The humidity sensor is embedded in the root zone of the soil in the experimental chamber and connected to the main controller to collect the humidity value of the root zone. The inlet of the control valve is connected to the water storage tank, and the outlet is equipped with a drip irrigation head and connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the control valve to perform pulsed drip irrigation to replenish the soil based on the comparison result between the humidity value and a set humidity threshold, so as to maintain constant soil moisture.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, a water replenishment closed loop is formed by real-time monitoring of soil moisture sensor and feedback control of control valve. It can dynamically and accurately supply water on demand, thereby strictly maintaining the soil volumetric water content at the set value under all temperature conditions, truly realizing "water-heat decoupling", and laying a reliable experimental foundation for the study of pure geothermal utilization experiments.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the device 100 may include: an experimental chamber 110, a heating and temperature control module 120, and a steady-state moisture supply module 130; the experimental chamber 100 is connected to the heating and temperature control module 120 and the steady-state moisture supply module 130 respectively; the experimental chamber 110 is a planting box made of opaque material, with heat insulation layers laid on its bottom and side walls, and filled with homogeneous soil inside.

[0033] The heating and temperature control module 120 includes a PID temperature controller 121, a relay 122, a temperature sensor 123, and a heating cable 124. The temperature sensor 123 is buried in the root layer of the soil in the experimental chamber 110 and connected to the PID temperature controller 121 to collect the soil temperature. The heating cable 124 is buried in the soil of the experimental chamber 110 and connected to the PID temperature controller 121 through the relay 122 to raise the soil temperature. The PID temperature controller 121 is used to control the on / off state of the heating cable 124 through the relay 122 to achieve precise and stable control of the soil temperature.

[0034] The steady-state moisture supply module 130 includes a humidity sensor 131, a main controller 132, a control valve 133, and a water storage tank 134. The humidity sensor 131 is embedded in the root zone of the soil in the experimental chamber 110 and connected to the main controller 132 to collect the humidity value of the root zone. The inlet of the control valve 133 is connected to the water storage tank 134, and the outlet is equipped with a drip irrigation head 135 and connected to the main controller 132. The main controller 132 is used to control the control valve 133 to perform pulse drip irrigation to replenish the soil based on the comparison result of the humidity value and the set humidity threshold, so as to maintain constant soil moisture.

[0035] The main controller 132 can control the control valve 133 to open, and transmit the water stored in the water storage tank 134 at the inlet of the control valve 133 to the drip irrigation head 135 at the outlet, thereby providing pulse drip irrigation to replenish the soil.

[0036] According to the above technical solution, a water replenishment closed loop is formed by real-time monitoring of soil moisture sensor and feedback control of control valve. It can dynamically and accurately supply water on demand, thereby strictly maintaining the soil volumetric water content at the set value under all temperature conditions, truly realizing "water-heat decoupling", and laying a reliable experimental foundation for the study of pure geothermal utilization experiments.

[0037] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1 The device 100 may further include: a data recording device 140; the data recording device 140 is connected to the temperature sensor 123, the humidity sensor 131, the PID temperature controller 121 and the main controller 132 respectively; the data recording device 140 uses an SD card storage unit to automatically record the soil temperature, humidity values ​​and drip irrigation water replenishment event data with timestamps.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the PID temperature controller 121 is used to control the heating cable to connect via the relay 122 to raise the soil temperature when the soil temperature is lower than a set temperature threshold; and to control the heating cable to disconnect via the relay 122 to lower the soil temperature when the soil temperature is greater than or equal to the set temperature threshold, thereby maintaining a constant soil temperature.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the main controller 132 is used to control the control valve 133 to start pulsed water replenishment when the humidity value is less than the set humidity threshold; and to stop replenishment when the humidity value is greater than or equal to the set humidity threshold, thereby dynamically stabilizing the soil moisture within the optimal water demand range.

[0040] In some embodiments, the main controller 132 can control the control valve 133 to open for 10 seconds and then close it when the humidity value is less than the set humidity threshold, and then measure the soil humidity again after waiting for 30 seconds, and repeat this cycle until the soil humidity reaches the set threshold.

[0041] It should be noted that the computer programs involved in the process of adjusting soil temperature through the PID temperature controller and adjusting soil moisture through the main controller are all existing technologies and have been disclosed in relevant technical documents, and will not be described again here.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the experimental chamber 110 has dimensions of 60cm × 40cm × 30cm; the insulation layer is a 3-5cm thick extruded polystyrene board.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the heating cables 134 are evenly distributed in an S-shape in the soil of the experimental chamber 110, the spacing between the heating cables 124 is 10-15cm, and the heating cables 124 are covered with 2-3cm of soil.

[0044] In one possible implementation, both the temperature sensor 123 and the humidity sensor 131 are buried in the main root layer of the plant at a soil depth of 10-15cm, with a horizontal distance of not less than 5cm between them.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the main controller 132 is an Arduino UNO, and the control valve 133 is a silicone pump tube.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the soil filling of the experimental chamber 110 is carried out by layered filling and equal compaction to ensure consistent soil density.

[0047] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1The device 100 may also include a cultivation box 150; the cultivation box 150 is at least one and is connected to the main controller 132. The cultivation box 150 is used to conduct preliminary experiments to calibrate the optimal water requirement range of the plant to be tested.

[0048] The following example illustrates the working process of the automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth.

[0049] S1. Installation and initialization: Lay an insulation layer at the bottom of the experimental chamber, evenly lay heating cables and cover them with a thin layer of soil, bury temperature and humidity sensors, and connect the temperature controller, main controller, control valve and data recording device.

[0050] S2. Plant Optimal Water Requirement Range Calibration Experiment (Preliminary Experiment Stage): Before conducting the formal experiment, this device is used to calibrate the optimal water requirement range of the plant under test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0051] S201. Preliminary experimental setup: Prepare multiple cultivation units (cultivation boxes) identical to the main experimental box, fill them with the same homogeneous soil, and transplant the plant seedlings of the test plants with the same growth status.

[0052] S202. Set moisture gradient: Set and maintain a series of different and stable soil volumetric moisture gradients for each cultivation unit through the main controller, such as: 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40% / cm³.

[0053] S203. Cultivation and Monitoring: During the cultivation of plants under various water gradients to the critical growth stages, the core physiological indicators of the plants under each gradient are measured regularly, including photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal opening.

[0054] S204. Termination Analysis and Calculation:

[0055] (1) After the experiment, the total biomass of each plant (the sum of the dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts) was measured.

[0056] (2) Normalize the physiological and growth indicators measured under each water gradient (value of an indicator under a certain gradient / maximum value of the indicator among all gradients × 100%).

[0057] (3) Use soil volumetric water content as the abscissa and normalized index value as the ordinate to perform curve fitting.

[0058] (4) The soil volumetric water content range corresponding to the condition where all key indicators are maintained above 90% of their maximum values ​​is taken as the optimal water requirement range for the plant under test.

[0059] S3. Parameter setting: Based on the optimal water demand range obtained from S2 calibration, set the humidity threshold on the main controller. Usually, the midpoint of the optimal water demand range is taken or set according to the experimental design requirements. At the same time, set the temperature threshold on the PID temperature controller.

[0060] S4. Device Operation and Data Recording: Start the device, the heating and temperature control module maintains a constant soil temperature, the steady-state moisture supply module provides precise moisture supply based on the real-time soil moisture value, and the data recording device automatically records the data throughout the process.

[0061] S5. Experiment End and Data Analysis: After the experiment, export the data from the data recording device, analyze the changes in soil temperature and humidity, water replenishment events and plant response data, verify the effectiveness of the hydrothermal decoupling experimental conditions, and evaluate the impact of pure geothermal energy on vegetation growth.

[0062] According to the above technical solution, a water replenishment closed loop is formed by real-time monitoring of soil moisture sensor and feedback control of control valve. It can dynamically and accurately supply water on demand, thereby strictly maintaining the soil volumetric water content at the set value under all temperature conditions, truly realizing "water-heat decoupling", and laying a reliable experimental foundation for the study of pure geothermal utilization experiments.

[0063] The following is combined Figures 2-5 The working process of an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth is described.

[0064] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The device may include an experimental chamber 1, a heating and temperature control module, a steady-state moisture supply module, and a data recording device 12; the heating and temperature control module may include a PID temperature controller 7, a relay module 8, a temperature sensor 5, and a heating cable 4; the steady-state moisture supply module may include a main controller 9, a humidity sensor 6, a control valve 10, a drip irrigation head 11, and a water storage tank 13.

[0065] The experimental chamber 1 is a planting box made of opaque plastic, measuring 60cm × 40cm × 30cm. A 3-5cm thick extruded polystyrene board is laid at the bottom as an insulation layer 2, and the interior is filled with homogeneous soil 3. The soil 3 is filled in layers and compacted in equal amounts to ensure consistent soil density. Heating cables 4, a temperature sensor 5, and a humidity sensor 6 are installed within the soil 3. The heating cables 4 are evenly distributed in an "S" shape within the soil 3, with a spacing of 10-15cm, and are covered with 2-3cm of soil. The temperature sensor 5 is connected to a PID temperature controller 7, which controls the on / off state of the heating cables 4 via a relay module 8, achieving precise and stable control of the soil temperature.

[0066] Reference Figure 4Temperature sensor 5 and humidity sensor 6 are both buried in the main root layer of plants at a depth of 10-15cm, with a horizontal distance of not less than 5cm between them to avoid mutual interference.

[0067] Reference Figure 5 Before conducting formal geothermal utilization experiments, preliminary experiments are required using multiple independent cultivation units (cultivation boxes 14) with the same principle as the device in this application to calibrate the optimal water requirement range for the plants to be tested. Each cultivation box 15 is filled with the same homogeneous soil as the main experimental unit, and the plants to be tested 16 with the same growth status are transplanted into it. Each cultivation unit is equipped with an independent humidity sensor 6, a main controller 9, a control valve 10, and a water storage device 17. After obtaining the optimal water requirement range, geothermal utilization experiments can be conducted in the main experimental unit 1. During the experiment, the soil moisture target setpoint (set humidity threshold) is set on the main controller 9 to a specific value (such as the median) within the optimal water requirement range calibrated in the preliminary experimental stage; the required simulated geothermal utilization temperature (set temperature threshold) is set on the PID temperature controller 7.

[0068] Upon startup, the heating and temperature control module begins operation to maintain a constant soil temperature, while the steady-state moisture replenishment module starts simultaneously, entering a closed-loop control process. The device continuously reads data from the humidity sensor 6, and the main controller 9 compares the real-time humidity value with a set humidity threshold. When the humidity falls below the set threshold, the main controller 9 immediately controls the control valve 10 to open, allowing water from the storage tank 13 to be irrigated into the soil in the experimental chamber 1 through the drip irrigation head 11. To prevent over-watering, a pulse strategy of "open for 10 seconds, close for 30 seconds, then measure again" is employed until the soil moisture returns to the set humidity threshold range. Throughout the process, data on soil temperature and humidity, irrigation events, etc., are automatically recorded by the data recording device 12.

[0069] After the experiment, the data in the data recording device 12 was exported and analyzed to verify the "hydrothermal decoupling" effect where the water conditions were constant and only the temperature changed throughout the entire experimental period, thereby accurately assessing the impact of pure geothermal energy on vegetation growth.

[0070] According to the above technical solution, a water replenishment closed loop is formed by real-time monitoring of soil moisture sensor and feedback control of control valve. It can dynamically and accurately supply water on demand, thereby strictly maintaining the soil volumetric water content at the set value under all temperature conditions, truly realizing "water-heat decoupling", and laying a reliable experimental foundation for the study of pure geothermal utilization experiments.

[0071] In summary, this application provides an automatic water replenishment device for utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones to promote vegetation growth, which has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0072] (1) Promote the large-scale and high-value utilization of residual geothermal resources in coalfield fire areas. This application provides a clear and feasible direction for the agricultural and ecological utilization of the massive amount of medium and low temperature residual geothermal resources formed after the treatment of coalfield fire areas. It transforms the traditional "treatment-abandonment" model into a sustainable "treatment-development-utilization" model, turning waste into treasure and realizing the efficient development of unconventional geothermal resources. Furthermore, as an experimental platform specifically designed for the research and development of such geothermal resources, it is expected to become a basic research tool in related fields. Its technical parameters and control methods can provide key data support and technical standards for future large-scale engineering applications (such as "geothermal agricultural industrial parks" and "ecological restoration heat source systems").

[0073] (2) Serving ecological restoration and carbon neutrality strategies. In ecologically fragile areas such as coal mines, rocky hills, and degraded mining areas, the heat-resistant and fast-growing pioneer plant species screened in this application can significantly improve vegetation survival rate and restoration efficiency; and, by promoting plant growth through geothermal energy, the carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation in the restoration area can be significantly enhanced, providing an innovative technical path for the mining area to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality".

[0074] (3) Leading the technological innovation of modern agriculture and facility agriculture. In cold northern regions or winter, the geothermal environment simulated in this application can effectively extend the growing season of crops, achieve "early spring and late autumn", and improve land productivity and economic benefits; for certain high-value-added economic crops that prefer warm root environments (such as Chinese medicinal herbs, specialty fruits and vegetables, etc.), it can provide precise root zone temperature and moisture control, optimize their growth conditions, and improve product quality and yield.

[0075] A model of smart agriculture: The intelligent sensing, precise control, and data-driven decision-making technologies integrated in this system are the core embodiment of smart agriculture and can provide a technical demonstration for the upgrading of modern facility agriculture.

[0076] (4) It has become a core research platform for multidisciplinary research. It can be used to simulate the independent effects of soil warming on plant physiology, population dynamics and ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles under the background of global warming, and answer key scientific questions in climate change ecology; it provides a highly controllable experimental environment for studying the physiological response mechanism of plants under warm and hot conditions, heat resistance identification, gene expression, etc.; and it can be used to explore the effects of coupled changes in soil temperature and moisture on the structure, function and nutrient transformation process of microbial communities.

[0077] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts between the various embodiments, please refer to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0078] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A device for automatically replenishing water to promote vegetation growth by utilizing residual heat in coalfield fire zones, characterized in that, The device includes: an experimental chamber, a heating and temperature control module, and a steady-state moisture supply module; the experimental chamber is connected to both the heating and temperature control module and the steady-state moisture supply module. The experimental box is a planting box made of opaque material, with heat insulation layer laid on the bottom and side walls, and filled with homogeneous soil inside. The heating and temperature control module includes a PID temperature controller, a relay, a temperature sensor, and a heating cable. The temperature sensor is buried in the root layer of the soil in the experimental chamber and connected to the PID temperature controller to collect the soil temperature. The heating cable is buried in the soil of the experimental chamber and connected to the PID temperature controller via the relay to raise the soil temperature. The PID temperature controller controls the on / off state of the heating cable via the relay to achieve precise and stable control of the soil temperature. The steady-state moisture replenishment module includes a humidity sensor, a main controller, a control valve, and a water storage tank. The humidity sensor is embedded in the root zone of the soil in the experimental chamber and connected to the main controller to collect the humidity value of the root zone. The inlet of the control valve is connected to the water storage tank, and the outlet is equipped with a drip irrigation head and connected to the main controller. The main controller is used to control the control valve to perform pulsed drip irrigation to replenish the soil based on the comparison result of the humidity value and a set humidity threshold, so as to maintain constant soil moisture.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a data recording device; the data recording device is connected to the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the PID temperature controller and the main controller respectively; the data recording device uses an SD card storage unit to automatically record the soil temperature, humidity values ​​and drip irrigation water replenishment event data with timestamps.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PID temperature controller is used to control the heating cable to connect via the relay to raise the soil temperature when the soil temperature is lower than a set temperature threshold; and to control the heating cable to disconnect via the relay to lower the soil temperature when the soil temperature is greater than or equal to the set temperature threshold, thereby maintaining a constant soil temperature.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main controller is used to control the control valve to start pulsed water replenishment when the humidity value is less than the set humidity threshold, and to stop replenishment when the humidity value is greater than or equal to the set humidity threshold, thereby dynamically stabilizing the soil moisture within the optimal water demand range.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimensions of the experimental chamber are 60cm×40cm×30cm; the insulation layer is 3-5cm thick extruded polystyrene board.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating cables are evenly laid out in an S-shape in the soil of the experimental chamber, with a spacing of 10-15cm between the heating cables, and 2-3cm of soil covering the heating cables.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are buried in the main root layer of plants at a soil depth of 10-15cm, with a horizontal distance of not less than 5cm between them.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is an Arduino UNO, and the control valve uses a silicone pump tube.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil in the experimental chamber was filled in layers and compacted in equal amounts to ensure consistent soil density.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The device also includes a cultivation box; there is at least one cultivation box connected to the main controller, and the cultivation box is used to conduct preliminary experiments to calibrate the optimal water requirement range of the plant to be tested.

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