A wet desulfurization equipment

Abstract

This utility model discloses a wet desulfurization device, belonging to the field of energy-saving and environmental protection technology. The device includes: transporting desulfurization slurry to a spray layer via a slurry circulation pump, then to spray nozzles via spray branch pipes, and finally spraying it into the absorption tower through different types of nozzles. The sprayed slurry and denitrified flue gas, after exiting the turbulent zone, mix counter-currently to fully undergo a chemical reaction. Part of the turbulent flue gas overflows to the tower wall and mixes again with the slurry collected by the enhancement rings, further removing sulfides. Through multiple sprays, the flue gas undergoes a full reaction, while the incompletely reacted flue gas overflows to the periphery of the tower, reacting chemically with the slurry collected by the two enhancement rings, resulting in clean flue gas that is then discharged from the system. After passing through this system, the denitrified flue gas has essentially had all sulfides removed, achieving a very high desulfurization efficiency of over 98%, thus realizing highly efficient desulfurization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy conservation and environmental protection technology, specifically to a wet desulfurization equipment, and particularly to the optimization of the spray layer structure and process of the wet desulfurization equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional wet desulfurization systems use the same type of nozzles, which makes the tower walls easy to be eroded, has dead spray corners in the center, lacks regional optimization of pressure and flow, and results in an imbalance between coverage and protection; the flue gas flow field is turbulent, the flow velocity of the spray pipes is not precisely controlled, and the gas-liquid mixing efficiency is low.

[0003] In wet desulfurization systems, a fixed operating mode is employed, meaning all spray layers and slurry circulation pumps are always in operation regardless of changes in unit load and inlet SO2 concentration. This is a crude, "one-size-fits-all" control strategy. This results in significant energy consumption: the slurry circulation pumps are the most energy-intensive equipment in the desulfurization system, and operating them all under low load conditions leads to substantial energy waste. Severe equipment wear increases mechanical wear and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it lacks adaptability: it cannot intelligently respond to complex operating conditions such as changes in coal type and fluctuations in inlet SO2 concentration. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly efficient wet desulfurization equipment.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a wet desulfurization equipment, including an absorption tower;

[0006] The absorption tower is equipped with an inlet flue and an outlet flue.

[0007] The absorption tower is provided with a turbulence zone, a spray zone and a demisting zone from bottom to top;

[0008] The spray zone includes several spray layers;

[0009] The spray layer is equipped with a number of nozzles and spray branch pipes, and the nozzles are installed on the spray branch pipes.

[0010] The bottom of the absorption tower is provided with a slurry tank, which is connected to the main spray pipe via a slurry circulation pump;

[0011] The main spray pipe is connected to the branch spray pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the spray zone includes a first spray layer, a second spray layer, a third spray layer, a fourth spray layer, and a fifth spray layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a synergistic ring;

[0014] The enhancement ring is installed between adjacent spray layers.

[0015] Preferably, the synergy loop includes three or four layers of synergy loops and one or two layers of synergy loops;

[0016] The three- and four-layer enhancement rings are installed between the third and fourth spray layers;

[0017] The first and second layer enhancement rings are installed between the first spray layer and the second spray layer.

[0018] Preferably, the third and fourth layer enhancement rings and the first and second layer enhancement rings are all steel rings installed on the inner wall of the absorption tower, and the steel rings have a structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

[0019] Preferably, the nozzle includes a solid nozzle and a hollow cone nozzle;

[0020] The solid nozzles are installed around the spray layer;

[0021] The hollow cone nozzle is installed at the center of the spray layer.

[0022] Preferably, the spray angle of the solid nozzle is 90°;

[0023] The spray angle of the hollow cone nozzle is 120°.

[0024] Preferably, an inlet flue is provided at the bottom of one side wall of the absorption tower, and an outlet flue is provided at the top of the other side wall of the absorption tower.

[0025] Preferably, the spacing between adjacent spray layers is 2m.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0027] This utility model has a simple internal structure, a straightforward design, low equipment investment, good mixing effect, high desulfurization efficiency, simple and accurate system control, low energy consumption, flexible and simple operation, and is relatively safe and reliable. It is a highly cost-effective wet desulfurization equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram (front view) of a gas-solid reaction apparatus provided in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram (front view) of a wet desulfurization device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3This diagram shows a top view (front view) of a wet desulfurization device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 1-Solid nozzle, 2-Hollow cone nozzle, 3-Outer side of the enhancement ring, 4-Control valve, 5-Spray branch pipe, 6-Spray main pipe, 7-Inner side of the absorption tower, 8-Outlet flue, 9-Inlet flue, 10-Slurry pool, 11-Slurry circulation pump, 12-Fifth spray layer, 13-Fourth spray layer, 14-Third spray layer, 15-Second spray layer; 16-First spray layer, 17-Demisting zone, 18-Turbulent zone, 19-Absorption tower, 20-Third and fourth enhancement rings, 21-First and second enhancement rings. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms “a,” “described,” and “the” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0036] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this specification, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0038] To better illustrate the technical effects of this utility model, the present utility model provides the following specific embodiments to explain the above technical process:

[0039] Example 1: A wet desulfurization device, comprising a solid nozzle 1, a hollow cone nozzle 2, an outer side of an efficiency-enhancing ring 3, a control valve 4, a spray branch pipe 5, a spray main pipe 6, an inner side of the absorption tower 7, an outlet flue 8, an inlet flue 9, a slurry pool 10, a slurry circulation pump 11, a fifth spray layer 12, a fourth spray layer 13, a third spray layer 14, a second spray layer 15, a first spray layer 16, a demisting zone 17, a turbulent flow zone 18, an absorption tower 19, third and fourth efficiency-enhancing rings 20, and first and second efficiency-enhancing rings 21.

[0040] Furthermore, the percentage of overlap between the spray projections of the nozzles in each spray layer of the desulfurization process and the tower cross-section is controlled to a coverage rate of 200%-300%. That is, spraying from 2-3 nozzles is installed above any point inside the tower.

[0041] Furthermore, the vertical distance between the multiple spray layers of the wet desulfurization equipment needs to be optimized and controlled to be between 1.95 and 2.05 m.

[0042] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment's spray layer is divided into four zones, with the pressure of the spray branch pipes 5 controlled at 900 kPa-1500 kPa and the nozzle pressure controlled at 750 kPa-1300 kPa in each zone. This zoning is for better control of the pressure in each spray branch pipe 5. When the system load fluctuates, to maintain the pressure at the outlet of the spray zone within the target range, some spray zones can be adjusted to a closed state, and the corresponding control valves 4 can be closed. Slurry is no longer pumped to the closed spray zones, but continues to be pumped to the spray zones in operation, thus maintaining the pressure at the outlet of the operating spray zones within the atomization pressure range to ensure desulfurization efficiency. Conversely, when the flue gas flow rate is large or the SO2 concentration in the flue gas is high, the power of the slurry circulation pump needs to be increased, resulting in increased output. To maintain the pressure at the outlet of the spray zones within the target range, the spray zones in a closed state can be adjusted to an operating state, thus maintaining the pressure at the outlet of the operating spray zones within the atomization pressure range.

[0043] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment uses 90° solid nozzles 1 in the central area of ​​the absorption tower 19. The small angle can reduce the scouring of the tower wall, and the solid cone can achieve no dead angle coverage and fully lock in the gas.

[0044] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment uses several concentric 120° hollow cone nozzles around the perimeter of the spray process in the absorption tower 19. The spray pressure of the hollow cone nozzles is relatively low, which is beneficial for guiding the flue gas and reducing pressure resistance.

[0045] The 90° solid nozzle 1 has a smaller spray angle and is placed in the middle of the spray layer. The main purpose is to concentrate the spray in the middle, prevent over-spraying, make it easier to control the liquid-gas ratio, save slurry volume, and ensure desulfurization efficiency.

[0046] The 120° hollow cone nozzle 2 has a larger spray angle and slightly lower pressure. Placing it around the perimeter can reduce the scouring of the tower wall. At the same time, it sprays a larger amount of slurry, which can control the liquid-gas ratio and ensure desulfurization efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment features enhancement rings installed in the upper middle part of the first and second tower walls below the spray layer and in the middle of the third and fourth tower walls. These enhancement rings are steel rings surrounding the tower walls, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, slightly tilted downwards. They collect the slurry sprayed onto the tower walls, allowing unreacted slurry to further contact with the upward airflow, facilitating a reaction, while simultaneously preventing further corrosion of the tower walls by the sprayed slurry. These two enhancement rings further strengthen the aforementioned functions. In other words, the enhancement rings effectively prevent flue gas escape and deflect the direct scouring of the sprayed slurry onto the tower walls, achieving two goals at once.

[0048] Furthermore, in the wet desulfurization equipment, the spray pipes around the spray pipe support are thickened, the branch pipe pressure is controlled at 800kpa-1300kpa, and the nozzle pressure is controlled at 700kpa-1100kpa.

[0049] Furthermore, in the wet desulfurization equipment, the rotation angle of the nozzles around the spray pipe support is less than 15°. Reducing the nozzle rotation angle prevents the slurry from being sprayed directly onto the support beam, thus slowing down the corrosion rate of the support.

[0050] Furthermore, the slurry flow velocity of the main spray pipe 6 in the wet desulfurization equipment is 2.3 to 2.5 m / s, and the slurry flow velocity of the branch spray pipe 5 is 1.5 to 1.8 m / s.

[0051] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment is equipped with five spray layers. The spray layers are dynamically changed by intelligent start and stop according to the load. When the load is low, the liquid-to-gas ratio increases, resulting in significant energy saving and simple implementation.

[0052] Furthermore, the wet desulfurization equipment operates at full load (100% load) and high sulfur content, with four or all spray layers engaged and all slurry circulation pumps running. This provides the maximum spray density and liquid-to-gas ratio, ensuring that the designed desulfurization efficiency is achieved even under the most severe operating conditions.

[0053] Furthermore, under medium load (75%-85% load) and low to medium sulfur content conditions, the wet desulfurization equipment shuts down the top and bottom two spray layers and their corresponding pumps, while operating three spray layers. The flue gas volume is reduced, yet the required desulfurization efficiency can still be achieved through the three spray layers. Shutting down two circulating pumps saves significant amounts of electricity.

[0054] Furthermore, under low load (50%-60% load) and low sulfur content conditions, the wet desulfurization equipment operates only the bottom two spray layers. Alternatively, the spray layers can be operated alternately, with non-adjacent spray layers maintaining a constant total liquid-to-gas ratio (L / G), but effectively increasing L / G to improve the flow field within the tower and enhance contact efficiency.

[0055] Furthermore, the demisting zone 17 is equipped with a pipe-type demister, which serves to separate steam and water and remove moisture from the flue gas.

[0056] The turbulence zone 18 is equipped with a turbulence generator with a circular perforated tray to regulate the flue gas flow field and enhance gas-liquid contact efficiency to ensure thorough mixing.

[0057] The wet desulfurization equipment proposed in this utility model has a simple structure, significant energy saving, precise control, safety and reliability, stable operation, strong adaptability, and high return on investment. It is a high-performance wet desulfurization equipment with excellent cost-effectiveness. This wet desulfurization equipment can be applied to environmental protection, chemical and other applications requiring solid-state desulfurization reactions.

[0058] The working process of this wet desulfurization equipment is as follows:

[0059] The desulfurization slurry is transported to the spray layer by the slurry circulation pump 11 and then to the spray nozzles through the spray branch pipe 5. A hollow cone nozzle 2 is installed at the center of the spray area to avoid overspraying in the center, and solid nozzles 1 are installed around the tower wall to ensure that the slurry is sprayed to the edge.

[0060] The slurry is sprayed into the absorption tower 19 through nozzles of different types. The sprayed slurry and the denitrified flue gas enter through the side of the tower, pass through the turbulent zone 18, and then mix in a countercurrent manner to fully react chemically. Some of the turbulent flue gas overflows to the tower wall and mixes again with the slurry collected by the enhancement ring to further remove sulfides.

[0061] In this way, the flue gas undergoes a full reaction after multiple spraying processes, while the unreacted flue gas escapes to the periphery of the tower and reacts chemically with the slurry collected by the two enhancement rings, resulting in clean flue gas that is then discharged from the system.

[0062] After the flue gas is denitrated, the sulfides in the flue gas are basically removed after passing through this system. The desulfurization efficiency is very high, reaching more than 98%, achieving efficient desulfurization.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wet desulfurization device, characterized in that: Including the absorption tower (19); The absorption tower (19) is provided with an inlet flue (9) and an outlet flue (8). The absorption tower (19) is provided with a turbulence zone (18), a spray zone and a demisting zone (17) from bottom to top. The spray zone includes several spray layers; The spray layer is equipped with several nozzles and spray branch pipes (5), and the nozzles are installed on the spray branch pipes (5); a slurry tank (10) is provided at the bottom of the absorption tower (19), and the slurry tank (10) is connected to the main spray pipe (6) through a slurry circulation pump (11). The main spray pipe (6) is connected to the branch spray pipe (5); The spray zone includes a first spray layer (16), a second spray layer (15), a third spray layer (14), a fourth spray layer (13), and a fifth spray layer (12) arranged sequentially from bottom to top. It also includes an enhancement ring; the enhancement ring is installed between adjacent spray layers.

2. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enhancement loop includes a third and fourth layer enhancement loop (20) and a first and second layer enhancement loop (21). The three- or four-layer enhancement ring (20) is installed between the third spray layer (14) and the fourth spray layer (13); The first and second layer enhancement ring (21) is installed between the first spray layer (16) and the second spray layer (15).

3. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third and fourth layer enhancement rings (20) and the first and second layer enhancement rings (21) are steel rings installed on the inner wall of the absorption tower (19), and the steel rings have a structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

4. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nozzle includes a solid nozzle (1) and a hollow cone nozzle (2); The solid nozzle (1) is installed around the spray layer; The hollow cone nozzle (2) is installed at the center of the spray layer.

5. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spray angle of the solid nozzle (1) is 90°; The spray angle of the hollow cone nozzle (2) is 120°.

6. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The absorption tower (19) has an inlet flue (9) at the bottom of one side wall and an outlet flue (8) at the top of the other side wall.

7. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent spray layers is 2m.

8. The wet desulfurization equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spray layer is divided into four zones, and the spray branch pipes (5) of each zone are connected to the main spray pipe (6) through control valves (4).

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