A synthesis reaction heat balance system

Abstract

This application provides a heat balance system for a synthesis reaction, relating to the field of catalytic synthesis reaction technology. The heat balance system includes a synthesis tower where a reaction occurs and generates heat; a heat exchanger connected to the outlet of the synthesis tower; a steam drum connected to the heat exchanger via a first pipeline, used to generate steam; a deaerator connected to the heat exchanger via a second pipeline, used to generate oxygen-free water; and a power pump connected to both the heat exchanger and the deaerator. The oxygen-free water enters the heat exchanger under the action of the power pump and then enters the steam drum, or both the steam drum and the deaerator. This application's technical solution, by controlling the flow direction of the oxygen-free water at the synthesis tower outlet, can send excess heat from the system to the deaerator, thus saving steam consumption in the deaerator, improving thermal energy utilization, ensuring stable system operation, and increasing the production efficiency and output of the synthesis tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of catalytic synthesis reaction technology, and in particular to a synthesis reaction heat balance system. Background Technology

[0002] In ammonia synthesis units, hydrogen and nitrogen react to form ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, releasing a significant amount of heat. This reaction typically takes place in a fixed-bed or packed-bed reactor, with the reaction rate controlled by the inlet temperature and the heat of reaction relatively stable. To recover energy, liquid water is usually used at the outlet of the synthesis tower to absorb the heat of reaction, generating steam which is then fed into a steam network for unified utilization.

[0003] However, when a load failure or shutdown occurs on the steam pipeline side, the steam output needs to be reduced to prevent excessive pipeline pressure. Since the synthesis reaction continues and the released heat remains constant, if the heat cannot be carried away by the generated steam in time, the outlet temperature of the synthesis tower will rise, posing a risk of equipment damage. To ensure safety, the only way to reduce the heat of reaction is to decrease the gas flow rate at the synthesis tower inlet, but this will directly lead to a decrease in the output of the ammonia synthesis unit. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a heat balance system for a synthesis reaction, in order to solve the problem of how to effectively handle the waste heat generated by the synthesis reaction and avoid problems such as excessively high outlet temperature of the synthesis tower, equipment damage, and reduced output due to the inability to remove heat in time.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the embodiments of this application provide the following technical solutions:

[0006] This application provides a synthesis reaction heat balance system, comprising: a synthesis tower, wherein a reaction occurs within the synthesis tower to generate heat; a heat exchanger connected to the outlet end of the synthesis tower; a steam drum connected to the heat exchanger via a first pipeline, the steam drum being used to generate steam; a deaerator connected to the heat exchanger via a second pipeline, the deaerator being used to generate oxygen-free water; and a power pump connected to both the heat exchanger and the deaerator; wherein the oxygen-free water can enter the heat exchanger under the action of the power pump and then enter the steam drum via the heat exchanger, or the steam drum and the deaerator.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the synthesis reaction heat balance system further includes: a control device, a first temperature sensor, a first flow sensor, a first flow regulating valve, and a second flow regulating valve; the first temperature sensor is disposed at the outlet of the synthesis tower for detecting the temperature at the outlet of the synthesis tower; the first flow sensor is disposed at the outlet of the power pump for detecting the flow rate of the anoxic water at the outlet of the power pump; the first flow regulating valve is disposed on the first pipeline for controlling the flow rate of the anoxic water entering the steam drum; the second flow regulating valve is disposed on the second pipeline for controlling the flow rate of the anoxic water entering the deaerator; the control device is connected to the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the first flow regulating valve, and the second flow regulating valve respectively, and the control device controls the opening degree of the first flow regulating valve and the second flow regulating valve according to the detection signals of the first temperature sensor and the first flow sensor.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, the second pipeline is provided with a first shut-off valve and a second shut-off valve, which are located on both sides of the second flow regulating valve, respectively.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, a main valve is provided at one end of the second pipeline near the heat exchanger, and the main valve is used to switch the second pipeline on and off.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, a second flow sensor is also provided on the second pipeline. The second flow sensor is located between the main valve and the first shut-off valve and is used to detect the flow rate of the oxygen-free water on the second pipeline.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the deaerator is provided with a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the deaerator; the control device is connected to the second temperature sensor and the second flow sensor, and the control device controls the opening degree of the second flow regulating valve according to the detection signals of the second temperature sensor and the second flow sensor.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the synthesis reaction heat balance system further includes: a pressure relief pipeline, which is connected to the second pipeline between the main valve and the first shut-off valve, and the pressure relief pipeline is equipped with a pressure relief valve.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the synthesis reaction heat balance system further includes: a flow-limiting orifice plate, which is disposed on the second pipeline near the deaerator to limit the flow rate of the oxygen-free water on the second pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the pressure of the oxygen-free water is 14-16 MPa; the pressures of the first pipeline and the second pipeline are equal.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the synthesis tower is an ammonia synthesis tower, and the synthesis tower is equipped with a catalyst.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the synthesis reaction heat balance system provided in this application connects the synthesis tower outlet to a heat exchanger, allowing the reaction products from the synthesis tower to carry a large amount of heat into the heat exchanger. A steam drum is connected to the heat exchanger via a first pipeline, and a deaerator is connected to the heat exchanger via a second pipeline. A power pump is connected to both the heat exchanger and the deaerator. By controlling the flow of oxygen-free water, the power pump at the synthesis tower outlet can direct excess heat from the system mismatch into the deaerator. This not only saves steam consumption in the deaerator and improves thermal energy utilization, but also reduces steam consumption on the steam network side, preventing serious safety accidents such as pipeline rupture and equipment damage caused by abnormal pressure. This provides a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the steam network and improves the production efficiency and output of the synthesis tower. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, with the same or corresponding reference numerals denoteing the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the synthesis reaction heat balance system provided in the embodiments of this application is shown.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0020] 1. Synthesis tower; 2. Heat exchanger; 3. Steam drum; 4. Deaerator; 5. Power pump; 6. First pipeline; 7. Second pipeline; 8. First temperature sensor; 9. First flow sensor; 10. First flow regulating valve; 11. Second flow regulating valve; 12. First shut-off valve; 13. Second shut-off valve; 14. Main valve; 15. Second flow sensor; 16. Second temperature sensor; 17. Pressure relief pipeline; 18. Pressure relief valve; 19. Flow limiting orifice plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0023] This application provides a synthesis reaction heat balance system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a synthesis tower 1, in which a reaction occurs and heat is generated; a heat exchanger 2, which is connected to the outlet end of the synthesis tower 1; a steam drum 3, which is connected to the heat exchanger 2 via a first pipeline 6 and is used to generate steam; a deaerator 4, which is connected to the heat exchanger 2 via a second pipeline 7 and is used to generate oxygen-free water; and a power pump 5, which is connected to both the heat exchanger 2 and the deaerator 4; wherein, the oxygen-free water can enter the heat exchanger 2 under the action of the power pump 5 and then enter the steam drum 3 via the heat exchanger 2, or the steam drum 3 and the deaerator 4.

[0024] Synthesis tower 1 is a widely used gas-liquid mass transfer device in oil refining, chemical, petrochemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical production. Based on the structural form of the gas-liquid contact components within the tower, it can be divided into two main categories: plate towers and packed towers. Synthesis tower 1 can be filled with catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia, methanol, etc. For example, in the ammonia synthesis process, hydrogen and nitrogen are continuously introduced in a certain proportion. Under suitable temperature and pressure conditions, a vigorous synthesis reaction occurs to produce ammonia, releasing a large amount of heat.

[0025] The outlet of synthesis tower 1 is connected to heat exchanger 2. The reaction products exiting synthesis tower 1 carry a large amount of heat into heat exchanger 2. Steam drum 3 is connected to heat exchanger 2 via first pipeline 6, and deaerator 4 is connected to heat exchanger 2 via second pipeline 7. Power pump 5 is connected to both heat exchanger 2 and deaerator 4. Heat exchanger 2 can be used to heat low-temperature fluids or cool high-temperature fluids, or to vaporize liquids into steam or condense steam into liquids. Steam drum 3 can be used for steam-water separation and steam purification, supplying saturated steam to external steam networks. Deaerator 4 can be used to remove dissolved oxygen and other gases from feedwater, preventing and reducing corrosion of feedwater pipes, economizers, or other auxiliary equipment.

[0026] During normal operation, the deoxygenated water produced by deaerator 4, driven by power pump 5, enters heat exchanger 2 via second pipeline 7. Inside heat exchanger 2, the deoxygenated water absorbs heat from the reaction products at the outlet of synthesis tower 1, and the rapidly heated water enters steam drum 3 via first pipeline 6. Inside steam drum 3, steam and water are separated, and the generated steam can be sent to the steam network to drive various steam equipment, achieving efficient energy utilization.

[0027] When a load fault or shutdown occurs on the steam pipeline side, obstructing steam output, a command can be issued through the control device or manual control to prevent the oxygen-free water from flowing solely to steam drum 3. A portion of the oxygen-free water, driven by the power pump 5, can enter heat exchanger 2 via the second pipeline 7 to absorb heat and then return to deaerator 4. Deaerator 4 can use the oxygen-free water that has undergone heat exchange in heat exchanger 2 as a heat source to provide energy for removing dissolved oxygen and other gases from the feedwater. The remaining portion enters steam drum 3. By reducing the flow rate of oxygen-free water into steam drum 3, the amount of steam generated can be effectively reduced, thus avoiding excessively high pipeline pressure due to insufficient steam output. Simultaneously, because the process of oxygen-free water absorbing heat is stable, the heat of reaction can be continuously removed, effectively preventing the synthesis tower 1 from overheating due to heat accumulation and ensuring the safe operation of the synthesis tower 1.

[0028] The synthesis reaction heat balance system provided in this application embodiment controls the flow of oxygen-free water at the outlet of synthesis tower 1 to send excess heat from the synthesis reaction into deaerator 4. This not only saves steam consumption in deaerator 4 and improves thermal energy utilization, but also reduces steam consumption on the steam pipeline side, avoiding serious safety accidents such as pipeline rupture and equipment damage caused by abnormal pressure. This provides a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the steam pipeline network and improves the production efficiency and output of synthesis tower 1.

[0029] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the synthesis reaction heat balance system also includes: a control device, a first temperature sensor 8, a first flow sensor 9, a first flow regulating valve 10, and a second flow regulating valve 11; the first temperature sensor 8 is located at the outlet of the synthesis tower 1 and is used to detect the temperature at the outlet of the synthesis tower 1; the first flow sensor 9 is located at the outlet of the power pump 5 and is used to detect the flow rate of the anoxic water at the outlet of the power pump 5; the first flow regulating valve 10 is located on the first pipeline 6 and is used to control the flow rate of the anoxic water entering the steam drum 3; the second flow regulating valve 11 is located on the second pipeline 7 and is used to control the flow rate of the anoxic water entering the deaerator 4; the control device is connected to the first temperature sensor 8, the first flow sensor 9, the first flow regulating valve 10, and the second flow regulating valve 11 respectively, and the control device controls the opening degree of the first flow regulating valve 10 and the second flow regulating valve 11 according to the detection signals of the first temperature sensor 8 and the first flow sensor 9.

[0030] The first temperature sensor 8 is installed at the outlet pipe of synthesis tower 1. It can be an explosion-proof thermocouple and is used to detect the gas temperature at the outlet of synthesis tower 1 in real time, and transmit the temperature signal to the control device. The power pump 5 can pressurize and deliver the oxygen-free water produced by deaerator 4. The first flow sensor 9 is installed at the outlet of power pump 5. It can be an electromagnetic flow meter and is used to monitor the total flow rate of oxygen-free water in real time, and transmit the data synchronously to the control device.

[0031] After being pressurized by the power pump 5, the deoxygenated water enters the steam drum 3 through the first pipeline 6 for steam production, and returns to the deaerator 4 through the second pipeline 7. A first flow regulating valve 10 is installed on the first pipeline 6 to regulate the flow rate of the deoxygenated water entering the steam drum 3. A second flow regulating valve 11 is installed on the second pipeline 7 to control the flow rate of the deoxygenated water returning to the deaerator 4. Both the first and second flow regulating valves 10 and 11 can be pneumatic or electric. The control device can employ a PLC control system with a built-in PID control algorithm, connected to various sensors and regulating valves to achieve automatic control.

[0032] Under normal operating conditions, the steam pipeline network operates stably. The control device, based on the preset program and combined with the real-time data fed back by the first temperature sensor 8 and the first flow sensor 9, adjusts the opening of the first flow regulating valve 10 and the second flow regulating valve 11 to ensure that an appropriate amount of oxygen-free water enters the steam drum 3, thereby maintaining stable steam output and heat balance.

[0033] When the steam pipeline experiences load fluctuations or shutdown failures, the reduced steam demand leads to a decrease in the steam production of steam drum 3, which in turn causes the outlet temperature of synthesis tower 1 to rise. At this time, the first temperature sensor 8 detects the temperature rise trend and transmits the signal to the control device. Simultaneously, due to the reduced steam production, the total flow rate of anoxic water output by power pump 5 decreases, and the first flow sensor 9 can feed back the flow rate decrease signal to the control device.

[0034] Upon receiving both signals of increased temperature and decreased flow rate, the control device can reduce the opening of the first flow regulating valve 10 to decrease the flow rate of oxygen-free water entering the steam drum 3, thereby reducing the steam generation rate. Simultaneously, it increases the opening of the second flow regulating valve 11 to increase the flow rate of oxygen-free water to the deaerator 4, maintaining the stable operation of the power pump 5 system.

[0035] Based on temperature and flow data, the control device can precisely control the first flow regulating valve 10 and the second flow regulating valve 11, achieving accurate regulation of the flow rate of oxygen-free water entering the steam drum 3 and deaerator 4. This not only ensures that steam production can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of the steam pipeline network, avoiding serious safety accidents such as pipeline rupture and equipment damage caused by abnormal pressure, but also stabilizes the outlet temperature of the synthesis tower 1 within a safe and suitable range, avoiding adverse effects on the synthesis reaction and equipment caused by temperature fluctuations, ensuring the stable operation of the synthesis tower 1 and the efficient progress of the synthesis reaction, and improving the thermal energy utilization rate.

[0036] The synthesis reaction heat balance system provided in this application can quickly and automatically adjust when there are abnormalities in the steam pipeline network or temperature fluctuations in synthesis tower 1. It eliminates the need for frequent manual intervention, reducing the possibility of human error and greatly enhancing the stability and reliability of the synthesis reaction heat balance system.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the second pipeline 7 is equipped with a first shut-off valve 12 and a second shut-off valve 13, which are located on both sides of the second flow regulating valve 11.

[0038] A first shut-off valve 12, a second flow regulating valve 11, and a second shut-off valve 13 are sequentially installed on the second pipeline 7 along the direction of medium flow (the direction of oxygen-free water returning to the deaerator 4). The first shut-off valve 12 and the second shut-off valve 13 can be manual or electric valves, such as gate valves or ball valves, for isolating or cutting off the pipeline.

[0039] Under normal operating conditions, both shut-off valves can be fully open, and the system relies on the second flow regulating valve 11 for flow control, ensuring that anoxic water is distributed to the steam drum 3 or returned to the deaerator 4 as needed. However, after long-term operation, the second flow regulating valve 11 may experience problems such as seal aging and internal leakage. When the second flow regulating valve 11 needs maintenance, replacement, or malfunction, the first shut-off valve 12 and the second shut-off valve 13 can be closed to completely isolate it. The double shut-off valve structure achieves complete isolation of the second flow regulating valve 11, allowing for disassembly, maintenance, or replacement of the second flow regulating valve 11 without shutting down the system or affecting system operation, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, a main valve 14 is provided at one end of the second pipeline 7 near the heat exchanger 2. The main valve 14 is used to open and close the second pipeline 7.

[0041] A main valve 14 is installed at the beginning of the second pipeline 7 near the outlet of the heat exchanger 2. It can be an electric valve, a pneumatic valve or a manual shut-off valve, and can be flexibly configured according to the system control requirements.

[0042] Under normal operating conditions, the steam pipeline network operates stably and steam demand is normal. At this time, the main valve 14 can remain closed, completely cutting off the second pipeline 7. All the anoxic water delivered by the power pump 5 enters the steam drum 3 through the first pipeline 6 for steam production, achieving efficient heat recovery and maximum energy utilization. When abnormal operating conditions occur in the steam pipeline network, such as excessive pressure, downstream equipment shutdown, or a sudden drop in steam demand, the main valve 14 can be automatically or manually opened to prevent the outlet temperature of the synthesis tower 1 from exceeding the limit due to insufficient heat removal. At the same time, the control device adjusts the opening of the second flow regulating valve 11, guiding some of the anoxic water back to the deaerator 4 through the second pipeline 7.

[0043] By setting the main valve 14, maximum energy recovery during normal operation and rapid response under abnormal conditions can be achieved, improving the flexibility, safety and operational reliability of the entire system.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, a second flow sensor 15 is also provided on the second pipeline 7. The second flow sensor 15 is located between the main valve 14 and the first shut-off valve 12 and is used to detect the flow rate of the oxygen-free water on the second pipeline 7.

[0045] The second flow sensor 15 is located downstream of the main valve 14 and upstream of the first shut-off valve 12. The second flow sensor 15 can be a high-precision instrument such as an electromagnetic flow meter or a mass flow meter. The second flow sensor 15 can communicate with the control device, transmitting the detected anoxic water flow data to the control device. The second flow sensor 15 can directly measure the actual flow rate on the second pipeline 7. By obtaining the actual flow rate of anoxic water on the second pipeline 7, the control device can quickly determine whether the valve action is in place, whether there is blockage or leakage, etc., improving the system's response speed and safety assurance capabilities to abnormal operating conditions.

[0046] In some embodiments, a second temperature sensor 16 is provided inside the deaerator 4, which is used to detect the temperature inside the deaerator 4; a control device is connected to the second temperature sensor 16 and the second flow sensor 15, and the control device controls the opening degree of the second flow regulating valve 11 according to the detection signals of the second temperature sensor 16 and the second flow sensor 15.

[0047] The second temperature sensor 16 is installed inside the deaerator 4 or on its circulating water outlet pipe to continuously monitor the real-time temperature of the oxygen-free water in the deaerator 4. The second temperature sensor 16 can be a high-stability temperature measuring element such as a platinum resistance thermometer or a thermocouple. The second flow sensor 15 is located on the second pipeline 7, between the main valve 14 and the first shut-off valve 12, and is used to measure the flow rate of the high-temperature oxygen-free water returning from the heat exchanger 2.

[0048] The control device simultaneously receives real-time data from the second temperature sensor 16 and the second flow sensor 15 inside the deaerator 4. It can comprehensively analyze the water temperature of the deaerator 4 and the flow rate of the return oxygen-free water, determine the heat input intensity of the deaerator 4, and output control commands accordingly to dynamically adjust the opening of the second flow regulating valve 11 to achieve precise heat balance control.

[0049] When the water temperature inside deaerator 4 is low, it indicates that the heat of the returned oxygen-free water is insufficient. To avoid affecting the deaeration efficiency, the control device can appropriately reduce the opening of the second flow regulating valve 11 based on the flow data from the second flow sensor 15, thus preventing a large amount of low-temperature oxygen-free water from impacting deaerator 4. By adding a second temperature sensor 16 inside deaerator 4 to monitor the temperature of deaerator 4 and adjust the flow rate, a large amount of low-temperature return water can be prevented from impacting deaerator 4, ensuring its stable operation within the optimal temperature range.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the synthesis reaction heat balance system also includes: a pressure relief line 17, which is connected to the second line 7 between the main valve 14 and the first shut-off valve 12, and a pressure relief valve 18 is provided on the pressure relief line 17.

[0051] The pressure relief line 17 extends from the second line 7, with its pressure tap located downstream of the main valve 14 and upstream of the first shut-off valve 12. It serves as an independent bypass branch, directing the medium to a safe area, such as a sludge tank, condensate tank, or dedicated venting manifold. The pressure relief valve 18 is installed on this line 17. Depending on system requirements, it can be a manual needle valve, an automatic safety valve, a pilot-operated pressure relief valve 18, or an electric / pneumatic venting valve, providing rapid response and reliable sealing.

[0052] During operation, if the local pressure in the second pipeline 7 rises sharply due to reasons such as the accidental closure of the second flow regulating valve 11, the high-temperature thermal expansion of oxygen-free water, or the abnormal pressure rise of the power pump 5, the pressure relief valve 18 can automatically open when the set start-up pressure is reached, quickly discharging the high-temperature, high-pressure water or steam to a safe container, effectively releasing the system's overpressure energy and preventing safety accidents such as pipeline rupture, flange leakage, and equipment damage. If it is necessary to inspect or maintain components such as the second flow sensor 15, the second flow regulating valve 11, or the first shut-off valve 12, the upstream main valve 14 can be closed to cut off the water supply, and the downstream second shut-off valve 13 can be closed to achieve bidirectional isolation. Then, the pressure relief valve 18 can be opened to completely discharge the residual pressure and accumulated high-temperature water or steam in the pipeline section. After confirming that the pipeline section has been depressurized and there is no media residue, disassembly or maintenance work can be carried out, thereby avoiding the risk of burns caused by residual pressure release.

[0053] The pressure relief line 17 and the pressure relief valve 18 together form an independent and reliable safety barrier, which can not only achieve rapid pressure relief under abnormal conditions such as control failure, thermal expansion or water hammer, but also support online isolation and safe maintenance of the system.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the synthesis reaction heat balance system also includes: a flow-limiting orifice plate 19, which is located near the deaerator 4 on the second pipeline 7 to limit the flow rate of oxygen-free water on the second pipeline 7.

[0055] The flow-limiting orifice plate 19 is installed at the end of the second pipeline 7, downstream of the first shut-off valve 12 and the second shut-off valve 13, near the inlet of the deaerator 4. Its structure can be a metal circular plate with a precisely calculated orifice diameter, welded or fixed in the pipeline via flanges to form a localized throttling structure. The orifice diameter can be calculated and determined based on the system's maximum allowable backflow rate or differential pressure range, ensuring that the backflow rate does not exceed the safe upper limit that the deaerator 4 can withstand under the maximum differential pressure.

[0056] If the main valve 14 or the second flow regulating valve 11 suddenly opens due to misoperation, the flow limiting orifice plate 19 acts as the final physical barrier to limit the return water volume within a safe range, preventing a large amount of high-temperature water from rushing into the deaerator 4 and causing thermal shock.

[0057] In some embodiments, the pressure of the oxygen-free water is 14-16 MPa; the pressures of the first pipeline 6 and the second pipeline 7 are equal.

[0058] Since ammonia synthesis reactions typically occur under high pressure, the high-temperature gas exiting synthesis tower 1 carries a significant amount of reaction heat, which needs to be efficiently recovered through heat exchanger 2. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the heat exchange process and prevent problems such as uneven vaporization, flow instability, or backflow of the medium within heat exchanger 2, the circulating medium, i.e., deoxygenated water, must be maintained at a sufficiently high pressure to keep it in a liquid state under high-temperature conditions, preventing premature vaporization that could lead to hydrodynamic instability. For this purpose, power pump 5 pressurizes the deoxygenated water from deaerator 4 to 14-16 MPa, a pressure higher than the operating pressure of steam drum 3, ensuring that the deoxygenated water can overcome system resistance and smoothly enter the high-pressure heat exchanger 2. Simultaneously, the high-pressure condition also allows the deoxygenated water to effectively overcome the back pressure in the high-temperature zone at the outlet of synthesis tower 1, preventing circulation stagnation or backflow due to insufficient pressure differential.

[0059] The first pipeline 6 connects the outlet of heat exchanger 2 to the steam drum 3 for steam production circulation. The second pipeline 7 connects heat exchanger 2 to deaerator 4, serving as a bypass return channel to guide a portion of the deoxygenated water back when steam demand decreases or the pipeline network malfunctions, thus achieving flexible heat regulation. In the design, the first pipeline 6 and the second pipeline 7 can be arranged symmetrically, with similar parameters such as pipe diameter, pipe length, and number of bends, ensuring that the inlet pressure of the two branches is basically the same when operating in parallel.

[0060] By ensuring equal pressure in both pipelines, the system can smoothly transition and seamlessly switch flow distribution without significantly adjusting the load on the power pump 5 during normal operation or condition switching. When the control device adjusts the opening of the second flow regulating valve 11 to change the return flow, frequent differential pressure compensation is unnecessary, resulting in more precise flow regulation and faster response, thus significantly improving the stability and dynamic performance of the system control.

[0061] In some embodiments, synthesis tower 1 is an ammonia synthesis tower, and a catalyst is provided inside synthesis tower 1.

[0062] The ammonia synthesis tower can be designed for high pressure and corrosion resistance, and can be a thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, consisting of an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, heat exchange elements, and a gas distributor. The catalyst can be a reducing catalyst mainly based on iron, which has high activity and good thermal stability, and is packed in layers on the catalyst bed inside the synthesis tower 1.

[0063] Setting up synthesis tower 1 as an ammonia synthesis tower and placing a catalyst inside it is the core technology for achieving efficient and stable production. By combining the circulation of oxygen-free water with the coordinated control of temperature and flow rate, the heat balance system for the synthesis reaction achieves optimized operation of reaction, heat transfer, and control, improving the production cycle and economic benefits, and providing a solid guarantee for the safe and efficient production of the synthetic ammonia industry.

[0064] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A synthesis reaction heat balance system, characterized in that, include: A synthesis tower, wherein a reaction can occur within the synthesis tower to generate heat; A heat exchanger, which is connected to the outlet end of the synthesis tower; A steam drum, which is connected to the heat exchanger via a first pipeline, is used to generate steam. A deaerator, which is connected to the heat exchanger via a second pipeline, is used to produce oxygen-free water; A power pump, which is connected to both the heat exchanger and the deaerator; The oxygen-free water can enter the heat exchanger under the action of the power pump, and then enter the steam drum, or the steam drum and the deaerator.

2. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The control device includes a first temperature sensor, a first flow sensor, a first flow regulating valve, and a second flow regulating valve. The first temperature sensor is located at the outlet of the synthesis tower and is used to detect the temperature at the outlet of the synthesis tower. The first flow sensor is located at the outlet of the power pump and is used to detect the flow rate of the oxygen-free water at the outlet of the power pump. A first flow regulating valve is installed on the first pipeline to control the flow rate of the oxygen-free water entering the steam drum; The second flow regulating valve is installed on the second pipeline and is used to control the flow rate of the oxygen-free water entering the deaerator. The control device is connected to the first temperature sensor, the first flow sensor, the first flow regulating valve, and the second flow regulating valve respectively. The control device controls the opening degree of the first flow regulating valve and the second flow regulating valve according to the detection signals of the first temperature sensor and the first flow sensor.

3. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second pipeline is equipped with a first shut-off valve and a second shut-off valve, which are located on both sides of the second flow regulating valve.

4. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A main valve is provided at one end of the second pipeline near the heat exchanger, and the main valve is used to open or close the second pipeline.

5. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second pipeline is also equipped with a second flow sensor, which is located between the main valve and the first shut-off valve, and is used to detect the flow rate of the oxygen-free water on the second pipeline.

6. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deaerator is equipped with a second temperature sensor, which is used to detect the temperature inside the deaerator. The control device is connected to the second temperature sensor and the second flow sensor, and the control device controls the opening degree of the second flow regulating valve according to the detection signals of the second temperature sensor and the second flow sensor.

7. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure relief pipeline is provided, which is connected to the second pipeline between the main valve and the first shut-off valve, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the pressure relief pipeline.

8. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A flow-limiting orifice plate is disposed on the second pipeline near the deaerator to limit the flow rate of the oxygen-free water on the second pipeline.

9. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure of the oxygen-free water is 14-16 MPa; The pressures in the first pipeline and the second pipeline are equal.

10. The synthesis reaction heat balance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synthesis tower is an ammonia synthesis tower, and a catalyst is installed inside the synthesis tower.

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