Construction waste lightweight material separation device and construction waste recycling device

Abstract

This invention provides a lightweight material separation device for construction waste and a construction waste recycling device. The separation device includes a balancing chamber, an air inlet, and an air outlet. The air outlet is connected to an air outlet pipe. The air outlet pipe is flat, and its length along the gas flow direction is greater than a preset distance. This invention stabilizes the airflow entering through the air inlet using the balancing chamber, and the airflow is blown out through the flat air outlet pipe, forming an air knife effect. This air knife effect can separate lightweight materials from the material flow passing through the material flow, thus achieving separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of construction waste separation devices, and in particular to a construction waste lightweight material separation device and a construction waste recycling and reuse device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous progress of urbanization, construction waste is inevitably generated, and its recycling and reuse are gradually becoming the norm. Through processes such as crushing, sorting, screening, separation, and purification, high-quality aggregates can be extracted from construction waste and reused as renewable resources. Lightweight materials constitute a high proportion of demolished construction and renovation waste, requiring highly adaptable processing equipment.

[0003] In construction waste pretreatment systems, box-type air separators and optical sorting equipment are the core equipment for separating light and heavy materials. Although they can achieve preliminary separation, a small portion of light materials cannot be separated by the box-type air separators and optical sorting equipment. Therefore, there is still a problem of light material residue in the upper screening process of the secondary vibrating screen. This residue will significantly reduce the system's capacity (the light material retention rate of conventional vibrating screens is about 8%-15%) and have an adverse effect on the purity of the finished product.

[0004] In current construction waste processing line designs, secondary screening equipment generally does not adequately consider the problem of lightweight material clogging. Clogging of traditional screens is mostly caused by the accumulation of flexible materials. During the crushing and screening process of the main equipment, although the content of lightweight materials in the coarse aggregate is relatively low, after multiple cycles, these materials gradually accumulate in the screen residue. This accumulation leads to material clogging on the secondary screen surface, reducing the screening area or causing continuous impact in specific areas of the screen surface. The screen plates in the impacted areas are prone to damage over time. This phenomenon not only significantly shortens the service life of the screening equipment, but even with regular shutdown maintenance strategies, the clogging cycle can only be extended by 30%-50%, still failing to overcome the process bottleneck of flexible material entanglement and retention.

[0005] Removing light substances generated during the secondary screening process is crucial for verifying the rationality of the process design and the suitability of the solution. This directly affects the smooth operation of the production line and whether equipment blockages can be effectively avoided. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention provides a device for separating light materials from construction waste and a device for recycling and reusing construction waste, which can overcome the problem in the prior art that the light materials generated before the secondary screening process of construction waste are detrimental to the purity of the finished product.

[0007] To address the above problems, this utility model provides a lightweight material separation device for construction waste, comprising: The balance chamber is equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air outlet is connected to an air outlet pipe. The air outlet duct is designed to be flat, and the length of the air outlet duct along the gas outflow direction is greater than a preset distance.

[0008] This utility model of a lightweight construction waste separation device stabilizes the airflow entering through the air inlet via a balancing chamber, and blows it out through a flat air outlet pipe, forming an air knife effect that can blow away lightweight materials from the material flow passing through the air knife, thus achieving separation.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the width to thickness ratio of the air outlet pipe is set to 3:1-5:1.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the preset distance is greater than or equal to 50-100mm.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the balance chamber.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the center line connecting the air inlet and the air outlet is defined as the first direction from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the gas outflow direction in the air outlet pipe is the same as the first direction.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the flow area of ​​the air inlet is smaller than the flow area of ​​the air outlet.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the balance chamber is configured as a closed chamber, and the flow area of ​​the balance chamber is configured to gradually decrease along the gas flow direction from the air inlet to the air outlet.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the flow area of ​​the balance chamber connected to the air outlet is equal to the flow area of ​​the air outlet.

[0016] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a construction waste recycling and reuse device, including the construction waste lightweight material separation device as described above; it also includes a material conveyor belt, the construction waste lightweight material separation device is located below the output end of the material conveyor belt, and the air outlet of the air pipe blows towards the material sliding down from the output end.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the construction waste lightweight material separation device is hinged below the output end, and the angle between the air outlet direction and the horizontal direction of the air outlet pipe is set to 25°~45°.

[0018] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: Taking advantage of the fact that lightweight materials are easily blown out by airflow, this invention first stabilizes the airflow entering the balance chamber to reduce eddies, and finally blows it out through the air outlet via a flat air outlet pipe. The flat air outlet pipe makes the blown airflow have an air knife effect, which can blow away lightweight materials from the material flow that has passed through the air knife, thus achieving the separation of lightweight materials before the secondary screening of construction waste. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional structure that uses high-pressure airflow to separate light materials; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional separator. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the separator structure of the construction waste lightweight material separation device of this utility model; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Top view; Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the construction waste recycling and reuse device of this utility model.

[0021] Illustration: 1. Balance chamber; 11. Air inlet; 12. Air outlet; 2. Air inlet duct; 3. Air outlet duct; 4. Material conveyor belt; 5. Centrifugal fan; 6. Connecting pipe; 7. Material flow. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0023] This utility model embodiment provides a lightweight material separation device for construction waste, including: The balance chamber 1 is provided with an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12; the air outlet 12 is connected to an air outlet pipe 3. The air outlet duct 3 is designed to be flat, and the length of the air outlet duct 3 along the gas outflow direction is greater than a preset distance.

[0024] This utility model of a lightweight construction waste separation device stabilizes the airflow entering through the air inlet 11 via the balance chamber 1, and blows it out through the flat air outlet 3, forming an air knife effect, which can blow away lightweight materials in the material flow 7 that has passed through the air knife, thus achieving separation.

[0025] Although construction waste crushing and processing equipment does not have a light material separation mechanism before the secondary screening process, traditional methods also use high-pressure airflow to separate light materials, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the separator has a balance chamber 1, but adopts a side air inlet 11. The high-pressure airflow generated by the centrifugal fan 5 enters the balance chamber 1 through the air inlet 11 and is then ejected from the upper air outlet 12. However, in the existing structure, the length of the nozzle or air outlet pipe 3 is relatively short, and it has a narrowing structure in the horizontal direction. The horizontal height of the nozzle is about 30mm. When the material passes through the air zone, the narrowing of the nozzle causes the airflow to form a vortex after it rushes out, that is, the vortex effect, which generates an unstable airflow direction (vortex), thus affecting the sorting effect.

[0026] In this invention, the air outlet duct 3 is designed to be flat, and the shape of the air outlet 3 corresponds to the shape of the air outlet 12. The two are seamlessly connected. At the same time, the length of the air outlet duct 3 is set to be greater than the preset distance, which can extend the airflow delivery. The flat shape means that the thickness in the vertical direction is reduced while the horizontal width remains unchanged.

[0027] The improved air outlet duct 3 of this invention effectively enhances airflow concentration, improves directionality, narrows the upwind and downwind zones, and creates a wind knife effect. Thus... Figure 1 The material flow 7 shown forms a horizontal parabolic path after sliding down the material conveyor belt 4. When it falls towards the air knife at a certain angle, the heavy material can easily pass through and be separated, while the light material changes direction on the upper wind surface and is blown out along the airflow direction.

[0028] In addition, because the airflow is lengthened by the air outlet duct 3 and is a stable airflow, disturbances are reduced, and the separation effect is significantly improved.

[0029] Correspondingly, an air inlet pipe 2 is connected to the air inlet 11, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 2 can be connected to the centrifugal fan outlet.

[0030] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 are respectively located on opposite sides of the balance chamber 1.

[0031] To further enhance airflow stability and reduce eddies, this invention places the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 on opposite sides of the balance chamber 1, which is equivalent to the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 being on the same straight line. Compared with the traditional side air inlet 11, this can significantly reduce eddies, thereby improving the flow stability of the airflow at the air outlet 12.

[0032] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the center line connecting the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 is defined as the first direction from the air inlet 11 to the air outlet 12, and the gas outflow direction in the air outlet pipe 3 is the same as the first direction.

[0033] This invention also adjusts the airflow direction in the air outlet duct 3 to be the same as the direction in which the airflow passes through the balance chamber 1 from the air inlet 11 and is discharged through the air outlet 12, thus ensuring that the airflow travels in a straight line, reducing the occurrence of path bends, and further improving the stability of the airflow.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the flow area of ​​the air inlet 11 is smaller than the flow area of ​​the air outlet 12.

[0035] By using an air inlet 11 with a smaller flow area, the gas entering the balance chamber 1 can have its pressure reduced and eddies decreased. Only after it has been sufficiently stabilized in the balance chamber 1 can it be discharged from the air outlet 12 with a larger flow area.

[0036] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the balance chamber 1 is configured as a closed chamber, and the flow area of ​​the balance chamber 1 is configured to gradually decrease along the gas flow direction from the air inlet 11 to the air outlet 12.

[0037] This invention sets the balance chamber 1 as a closed chamber with a gradually decreasing flow area. Combined with the fact that the flow area of ​​the air inlet 11 is smaller than that of the air outlet 12, it indicates that when the gas enters the balance chamber 1 at high speed through the air inlet 11, the flow area suddenly expands and the pressure decreases sharply, thereby preventing the gas from forming eddies in the balance chamber 1.

[0038] As the gas flows, the flow area of ​​the balance chamber 1 gradually decreases, the gas gradually increases in pressure, and finally it is discharged from the air outlet 12 to the air outlet pipe 3 and sprayed out stably.

[0039] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the flow area of ​​the balance chamber 1 on the side connected to the air outlet 12 is equal to the flow area of ​​the air outlet 12.

[0040] More preferably, the balance chamber 1 is set on the side of the air outlet 12 and is completely open. The flow area on this side is the flow area of ​​the air outlet 12, which is also the flow area of ​​the air outlet 3.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the preset distance is greater than or equal to 50mm-100mm.

[0042] The length of the aforementioned air outlet pipe 3 is greater than a preset value. In this utility model, the preset distance is set to be no less than 50mm-100mm. This length allows the airflow to flow more stably, resulting in better stability of the ejected airflow.

[0043] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the width-to-thickness ratio of the air outlet pipe 3 is set to 3:1-5:1.

[0044] Regarding the air knife effect of the air outlet duct 3, the shape of the air outlet duct 3 can be set to a width-to-thickness ratio of 3:1-5:1 to ensure that the air knife maintains the spraying speed, and the smaller thickness reduces the action time on heavy materials.

[0045] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a construction waste recycling and reuse device, including the construction waste lightweight material separation device as described above; it also includes a material conveyor belt 4, the construction waste lightweight material separation device is located below the output end of the material conveyor belt 4, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe 3 blows towards the material sliding down from the output end.

[0046] The entire construction waste recycling and reuse system employs the aforementioned construction waste light material separation device, which can remove light materials from the material before the secondary screening process.

[0047] The construction waste lightweight material separation device is specifically installed below the output end of the material conveyor belt 4, and the outlet of the air pipe 3 is aligned with all the materials leaving the material conveyor belt 4. At this time, all materials are in a parabolic descent process. The high-speed airflow ejected from the air pipe 3 blows the lightweight materials away from the material flow 7, thus achieving separation.

[0048] In an optional embodiment of this utility model, the construction waste lightweight material separation device is hinged below the output end, and the angle between the air outlet direction of the air outlet pipe 3 and the horizontal direction is set to 25°~45°.

[0049] The construction waste lightweight material separation device is rotatably positioned below the output end. At the same time, the angle between the air outlet direction of the air outlet pipe 3 and the horizontal direction is set to 25°~45°. This is used to adjust the angle between the air outlet direction of the air outlet pipe 3 and the material flow 7, which is more conducive to the separation of lightweight materials.

[0050] Lightweight materials generate dust during their descent. This invention can effectively collect some of the dust by adding a dust extraction port, and the quality of the aggregate is significantly improved after the separation of heavy materials. Through experiments, the range of aggregate particle size adaptability has been expanded, and it can be adapted and matched by adjusting the air volume.

[0051] The usage process of this utility model construction waste recycling and reuse device is as follows: Various materials in construction waste are crushed, screened, air-separated, and magnetically separated by a primary crusher to obtain coarse aggregate. This coarse aggregate contains a small amount of light materials. After secondary crushing, the particle size of the coarse aggregate gradually decreases. However, the secondary crusher is less effective at crushing flexible light materials and small plastic pipes. After the residual material is returned and accumulated, it is easy to form light material clinging to the secondary double-layer vibrating screen.

[0052] This utility model of a construction waste lightweight material separation device can effectively remove lightweight debris in this step. During the process of material being transported to the secondary vibrating screen by the material conveyor belt 4, the material is blown out by air in the form of air knife, which increases the lightweight material removal rate by more than 30% and can effectively solve this problem.

[0053] This utility model of a lightweight construction waste separation device mainly uses high-pressure air, which is sent into the balance chamber 1. In the balance chamber 1, the airflow undergoes expansion and depressurization in sequence, and then contraction and pressurization before passing through the air outlet pipe 3 to generate a stable airflow. During operation, heavy materials pass through the airflow line, while light materials, due to their low density and light weight, are separated with the airflow, similar to floating objects on waves converging through a surge.

[0054] The equipment operates at relatively high pressures, typically above 15,000 Pa, while maintaining an airflow below 3,000 m³. Variable frequency control allows for real-time adjustment of airflow and pressure to achieve optimal performance. The unique nozzle structure stabilizes airflow, reduces interference, and significantly improves the separation of lightweight materials as they cross the airflow line.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction waste light substance separating apparatus, characterized by, include: The balance chamber (1) is provided with an air inlet (11) and an air outlet (12); the air outlet (12) is connected to an air outlet pipe (3); The air outlet pipe (3) is flat, and the length of the air outlet pipe (3) along the gas outflow direction is greater than a preset distance; the preset distance is greater than or equal to 50-100mm.

2. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width-to-thickness ratio of the air outlet pipe (3) is set to 3:1-5:

1.

3. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air inlet (11) and the air outlet (12) are respectively located on opposite sides of the balance chamber (1).

4. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center line connecting the air inlet (11) and the air outlet (12) is defined as the first direction from the air inlet (11) to the air outlet (12), and the gas outflow direction in the air outlet pipe (3) is the same as the first direction.

5. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow area of ​​the air inlet (11) is smaller than the flow area of ​​the air outlet (12).

6. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The balance chamber (1) is a closed chamber, and the flow area of ​​the balance chamber (1) is gradually reduced along the gas flow direction from the air inlet (11) to the air outlet (12).

7. The construction waste lightweight material separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow area of ​​the balance chamber (1) connected to the air outlet (12) is equal to the flow area of ​​the air outlet (12).

8. A construction waste recycling apparatus, characterized by, The device includes a construction waste light material separation device as described in any one of claims 1-7; it also includes a material conveyor belt (4), the construction waste light material separation device is located below the output end of the material conveyor belt (4), and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe (3) blows towards the material sliding down from the output end.

9. The construction waste recycling and reuse device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The construction waste lightweight material separation device is hinged below the output end, and the angle between the air outlet direction of the air outlet pipe (3) and the horizontal direction is set to 25°~45°.

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