Self-locking mechanism for tailstock and cross slide of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

This utility model discloses a self-locking mechanism for the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool, belonging to the technical field of tailstock and cross slide linkage. The self-locking mechanism for linking the tailstock and cross slide includes a horizontal through-hole and a vertical through-hole intersecting in a cross shape on a mounting base. Two locking bars are slidably disposed within the vertical through-hole to engage a locking rod. Each locking bar is fixed to the mounting base by a first spring and a locking block. One end of the locking rod has a frustum with a sliding sleeve on its surface. One side of the sliding sleeve is connected to a sliding plate, and the other end has a conical combination ring that can be inserted into the horizontal through-hole to expand the locking bars to the top frustum of the locking rod. The sliding plate is fixedly connected to the mounting base by a second spring. This utility model achieves linkage between the tailstock and tool post by locking the locking bars through the groove formed by the locking rod and the sliding sleeve. Furthermore, the inclined surface on the sliding sleeve allows for easy unlocking without power drive when the locking bars are expanded and the locking rod is retracted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of linkage technology between the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool, specifically a self-locking mechanism between the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] When machining long-shaft workpieces, existing CNC machine tools require manual or electric lead screw adjustments to move the turret (mounted on the cross slide) and tailstock sequentially, resulting in inconvenience such as time-consuming individual adjustments. To improve adjustment efficiency, patent application number 2025215343826 proposes a linkage device that uses a cylinder to drive and control the locking and unlocking of a pin. This device enables the tailstock to be linked with the turret without power during adjustment, allowing for a single, electric adjustment using the cross slide on the turret base, thus improving adjustment efficiency within an enclosed space.

[0003] Based on the above technology, the cylinder-driven pin has the disadvantages of inconvenient operation and high maintenance cost during use. Therefore, this utility model proposes a self-locking mechanism between the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool. It changes the original characteristic of locking and linkage relying on cylinder drive and adopts a spring-type mechanical structure to achieve the technical effect of locking and unlocking. Compared with the existing technology, it has higher practicality and convenience. Locking and unlocking can be achieved by moving the cross slide, which is the same control component, and it is stable and reliable. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-locking mechanism between the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool, which enables rapid locking and unlocking of the cross slide and tailstock on the CNC machine tool, thereby increasing the efficiency of CNC machine tool adjustment.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A self-locking mechanism for the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool includes a tailstock slidably connected on a saddle slide rail and a cross slide for mounting a turret. A self-locking mechanism is also provided between the tailstock and the cross slide to achieve linkage during machine adjustment.

[0007] The self-locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism and a locking head mechanism. The locking mechanism includes a horizontal through hole and a vertical through hole that intersect in a cross shape in the mounting base. A locking rod is inserted into the horizontal through hole. Two locking strips are slidably and symmetrically arranged in the vertical through hole. The two ends of the locking strips are joined together to form a locking ring for locking the locking rod. The locking strips are all connected to the locking block through a first spring. The locking block is fixedly set on the mounting base.

[0008] The locking mechanism includes a locking rod on the base plate, a raised truncated cone at the end of the locking rod away from the base plate, a sliding sleeve on the outer surface of the locking rod, a sliding plate connected to the sliding sleeve near the base plate, and a conical combination ring on the other side of the sliding sleeve. The diameter of the bottom surface of the conical combination ring is equal to the diameter of the bottom surface of the top truncated cone of the locking rod, allowing it to be inserted into a transverse through hole and to expand two locking strips to the top truncated cone of the locking rod. The sliding plate is fixedly connected to the mounting base by a second spring.

[0009] Furthermore, a buffer device is provided between the tailstock and the cross-shaped carriage to prevent rigid collision between the locking mechanism and the locking mechanism. The buffer device is a sleeve filled with elastic material, and the sleeve is retractable.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer surface of the locking bar is slidably connected to the inner surface of the longitudinal through hole, and the contact surface between the locking bar and the top frustum of the locking rod is an arc surface that fits the surface of the frustum. This avoids shaking, improves the stability and compactness of the mechanism, and reduces operating noise and excessive wear.

[0011] Furthermore, the mounting base of the locking mechanism is also provided with an extension protective tube for the locking rod, which facilitates observation of the docking situation and serves as a buffer device for installing the locking rod.

[0012] Furthermore, a touch sensor is provided at the locking contact point between the top of the card bar and the locking rod to detect when the locking is in place and to issue an indication signal. When the card bar slides past the truncated cone of the locking rod to its tail, the contact sensor on the card bar is activated and gives an electrical signal to light up the indicator light to show the status.

[0013] Furthermore, two second springs are symmetrically arranged along the locking rod, and both ends of the second springs are fixed by mounting posts, which provide compression guidance for the second springs.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] Compared to the cylinder-driven control pin locking and unlocking linkage device mentioned in the background art, this utility model is structurally simpler and has better practical application, retaining the machine tool tailstock and cross slide linkage adjustment function while reducing production and manufacturing costs. The self-locking mechanism of this utility model is more practical in CNC shaft machining, solving the inconvenience of sequentially adjusting the tool post and tailstock during the machining of long shaft workpieces.

[0016] This utility model also innovatively designs a combination ring of a truncated cone of a locking rod and a conical ring of a sliding sleeve in the self-locking mechanism. First, the compact structure improves the stability when the tailstock and cross slide are linked. Second, a contact sensor is added at the contact point between the locking bar and the locking rod to identify the locking state, making it easier for the operator to grasp the internal movement state of the self-locking mechanism and improving its practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the installation of the self-locking mechanism of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the components after disassembly of the self-locking mechanism of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined state of the self-locking mechanism of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a top view of the assembled card strip of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a front view of the assembled state of the card strip of this utility model;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Self-locking mechanism; 2. Tailstock; 3. Cross slide; 4. Saddle rail; 5. Mounting base; 6. Extension protective tube; 7. Longitudinal through hole; 8. Transverse through hole; 9. Locking rod; 10. Locking block; 11. First spring; 12. Locking strip; 13. Sliding sleeve; 14. Slide plate; 15. Second spring; 16. Base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments or drawings are used to illustrate the content of this utility model, but do not limit the scope of this utility model.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-2 This utility model provides a self-locking mechanism for the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool. Its purpose is to enable the unpowered tailstock 2 and the powered cross slide 3 to move simultaneously during machine adjustment, facilitating rapid adjustment for clamping long-shaft workpieces. Both the tailstock 2 and the cross slide 3 are mounted on the saddle rail 1 and can slide along it. A lead screw is installed at the bottom of the cross slide 3, and a motor drives the lead screw to move the tool holder mounted on the cross slide 3 for machining.

[0027] A self-locking mechanism 1 and a buffer device are provided at the bottom of the tail frame 2 and the cross slide 3. In one embodiment, a locking mechanism of the self-locking mechanism 1 is installed on the cross slide 3, and the locking mechanism is installed at the corresponding position on the tail frame 2 to facilitate the use of the internal space of the tail frame 2.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 3-4The self-locking mechanism 1 of this utility model includes a locking mechanism located at the bottom of the tailstock 2 and a locking head mechanism located on the cross slide 3. The locking mechanism consists of a transverse through hole 8 and a longitudinal through hole 7 intersecting in a cross shape on the mounting base 5. To improve stability and address the drawbacks of excessive noise and easy damage caused by internal component shaking, the inner wall of the transverse through hole 8 slides against the outer side of the bottom of the truncated cone of the locking rod 9 on the locking head mechanism, and the inner wall of the longitudinal through hole 7 slides against the outer wall of the locking strip 12. The top and front views of the locking strip 12 are shown below. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two locking strips 12 are positioned opposite each other at both ends. The head of each locking strip 12 is a semi-circular ring. The two locking strips 12, symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the transverse through hole 8 on the mounting base 5, form a locking ring with a circular center. The two locking strips 12 are installed in the longitudinal through hole 7 of the mounting base 5, and their tails are connected to the locking block 10 via a first spring 11. A contact sensor (not shown in the figure) is installed at the locking position where the locking strip 12 engages with the bottom of the truncated cone of the locking rod 9. This sensor detects whether the locking strip 12 is properly engaged. When the locking rod 9 is inserted, the locking strips 12 on both sides of the locking rod 9 are compressed by the truncated cone of the locking rod 9, which compresses the first spring 11, allowing the truncated cone of the locking rod 9 to pass through. Subsequently, due to the decrease in the diameter of the locking rod, the locking strips 12 approach the locking rod 9 under the thrust of the spring and engage. At this time, the sensing point on the locking strip 12 contacts the sensing point on the locking rod 9, triggering the contact switch to give a signal and illuminate the indicator light to display the current status for easy observation.

[0029] The self-locking mechanism 1 also includes a locking head mechanism for inserting into the engaging mechanism. The locking head mechanism includes a cylindrical locking rod 9 vertically mounted on the base plate 16. The end of the locking rod 9 furthest from the base plate 16 is a frustum for engaging. The diameter of the frustum is larger than the diameter of the cylinder of the locking rod 9. The frustum of the locking rod 9 can be inserted into the transverse through hole 8 of the engaging mechanism, and to improve stability, the bottom side surface of the frustum slides against the outer surface of the transverse through hole 8. A sliding sleeve 13 is provided on the cylindrical outer surface of the locking rod 9. A sliding plate 14 is provided at the bottom of the sliding sleeve 13, and a conical combination ring is provided at the top of the sliding sleeve 13. The diameter of the waist ring of the conical combination ring is equal to the diameter of the bottom of the frustum of the locking rod 9, and its function is to further compress and expand the locking strip 12 to the side of the frustum of the locking rod 9. Two second springs 15 are symmetrically arranged on the sliding plate 14 along the center line of the sliding sleeve 13, and the two second springs 15 are connected in parallel to the mounting base 5. To limit the displacement direction of the second springs 15, a guide post is provided in the middle of each second spring 15.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 4In the locked state, the self-locking mechanism of this invention has the locking rod 9 inserted into the transverse through hole 8 of the mounting base 5. The top truncated cone of the locking rod 9 then presses against the retaining strips 12 on both sides. As the retaining strips 12 are continuously stretched open, the locking rod 9 continues to extend. When the top truncated cone of the locking rod 9 passes through the longitudinal through hole 7, the diameter of the cylinder behind the cone of the locking rod 9 decreases. The first spring pushes the two retaining strips 12 to engage and lock onto the cylinder at the bottom of the locking rod 9. The sliding plate 14, pulled by the second spring 15, pushes the sliding sleeve 13 towards the top truncated cone of the locking rod 9. Without external force, the thrust of the second spring 15 is limited, only used to engage and fix the retaining strips 12, ensuring they remain in contact with the bottom surface of the truncated cone of the locking rod 9. At this time, the self-locking mechanism of this invention is in the locked state, and the tailstock 2 is moved by the drive of the cross slide 3. An extension protective tube 6 is installed outside the transverse through hole 8 on the mounting base 5. This is for fault observation or to provide additional protective functionality. Specifically, an angled hole is provided inside the extension protective tube 6, and a buffer pad is placed on the top of the truncated cone of the locking rod 9. The cross slide 3 can be linked to the tailstock 2 by pulling or pushing. When the cross slide 3 pushes the tailstock 2, the truncated cone of the locking rod 9 is compressed by the angled surface of the extension protective tube 6, which continuously reduces its inner diameter, preventing it from extending further.

[0031] When the cross slide 3 moves the tailstock 2 to the designated position, it needs to be unlocked. According to this invention, there are two methods. One method involves extending the protective tube 6 and the transverse through-hole 8 to a sufficient length. The cross slide 3 continues to push the base plate 16, then presses against the slide plate 14. The slide plate 14 pushes the sliding sleeve 13, using the conical combination ring on the sliding sleeve 13 to open the two locking strips 12 to the side of the locking rod 9's truncated cone, after which the locking rod 9 is pulled out. The base plate 16 and the slide plate 14 are not fixedly connected. The other method involves manually pushing the slide plate 14 to displace the sliding sleeve 13 and open the two locking strips 12, thus unlocking the cross slide 3 and tailstock 2 without moving the base plate 16.

[0032] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-locking mechanism for the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool, comprising a tailstock (2) slidably mounted on a saddle slide rail (4) and a cross slide (3) for mounting a tool turret, characterized in that, A self-locking mechanism (1) is also provided between the tail frame (2) and the cross slide (3); The self-locking mechanism (1) includes a locking mechanism and a locking head mechanism. The locking mechanism includes a horizontal through hole (8) and a vertical through hole (7) with cross-shaped intersections in the mounting base (5). A locking rod (9) is inserted into the horizontal through hole (8). Two locking strips (12) are slidably arranged in the vertical through hole (7). The two ends of the locking strips (12) are joined together to form a locking ring to lock the locking rod (9). The locking strips (12) are all connected to the locking block (10) through the first spring (11). The locking block (10) is fixedly set on the mounting base (5). The locking mechanism includes a locking rod (9) on the base plate (16). The locking rod (9) has a raised truncated cone at one end away from the base plate (16) for locking. A sliding sleeve (13) is provided on the outer surface of the locking rod (9). A sliding plate (14) is connected to the side of the sliding sleeve (13) near the base plate (16). A conical combination ring is provided on the other side of the sliding sleeve (13). The diameter of the bottom surface of the conical combination ring is equal to the diameter of the bottom surface of the truncated cone at the top of the locking rod (9). The sliding plate (14) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (5) by a second spring (15).

2. The self-locking mechanism of the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A buffer device is also provided between the tailstock (2) and the cross slide (3). The buffer device is a sleeve filled with elastic material, and the sleeve is retractable.

3. The self-locking mechanism of the tailstock and cross slide of the CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the card strip (12) is in contact with the inner surface of the longitudinal through hole (7) and the contact surface between the card strip (12) and the top frustum of the locking rod (9) is an arc surface and is in contact with the frustum surface.

4. The self-locking mechanism of the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base (5) of the locking mechanism is also provided with an extension protective tube (6) for the locking rod (9).

5. The self-locking mechanism of the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A touch sensor is provided at the locking contact point between the top of the card bar (12) and the locking rod (9) to detect when the locking is in place and to issue an indication signal.

6. The self-locking mechanism of the tailstock and cross slide of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two second springs (15) are symmetrically arranged along the locking rod (9), and the two ends of the second springs (15) are fixedly connected by mounting posts.

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