A reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of drinking water catalytic purification technology, specifically a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform, comprising a reaction chamber, a light source module, a magnetic recovery unit, an online water quality sensor, and a controller. The light source module is immersed in the drinking water to be treated via a lifting mechanism; the magnetic photocatalytic particles are suspended in the drinking water to carry out the catalytic reaction; the magnetic recovery unit is used to efficiently separate and recover the magnetic photocatalytic particles; and the online water quality sensor monitors the reaction process in real time, thereby achieving efficient removal of chloroform, a disinfection byproduct of drinking water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of drinking water catalytic purification technology, specifically a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform. Background Technology

[0002] Disinfection byproducts of drinking water refer to compounds formed during the disinfection of drinking water by the reaction of disinfectants with some natural organic matter contained in the drinking water. Although their concentration is not high, most of them are carcinogenic or mutagenic. Initially, they mainly referred to disinfection byproducts produced by chlorine disinfection. Nowadays, due to the wide variety of disinfectants and disinfection methods, the scope of disinfection byproducts has greatly expanded. In addition to trihalomethanes, especially chloroform and haloacetic acids, they also include halophenols, haloacetonitrs, haloketones, haloaldehydes, and halonitromethanes. Photocatalytic oxidation is an advanced oxidation technology. The basis of the reaction is the photocatalyst. Common photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide, have a special band structure. When light shines on the surface of the photocatalyst, if the photon energy is greater than the band gap of the photocatalyst, electrons in the valence band will be excited and jump to the conduction band, leaving holes in the valence band. This forms electron-hole pairs, which have strong redox capabilities. In the photocatalytic reaction, reactant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst, and electrons and holes react with reactant molecules to carry out redox reactions, promoting the reaction. For example, in the process of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, holes can oxidize organic pollutants, gradually decomposing them into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water; while electrons can react with oxidants such as oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing properties, further accelerating the degradation of pollutants.

[0003] Therefore, photocatalytic oxidation is often used to remove chloroform, a disinfection byproduct, from drinking water, thereby improving water quality and reducing water waste. For example, patent CN207404890U discloses a circulating wastewater photocatalytic treatment device that uses ultraviolet lamps and photocatalytic particles within a photocatalytic reaction chamber for long-term water purification. However, this photocatalytic treatment device has the following drawbacks: 1. It lacks real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment of the reaction process. Parameters such as light intensity and time are usually preset based on experience, which cannot adapt to fluctuations in water quality. This results in either incomplete treatment or excessive light exposure leading to product decomposition or side reactions (such as excessive free radical generation) or excessive energy consumption. 2. In a simply stirred reactor, the contact between pollutants and the active sites of the catalyst is insufficient, limiting the reaction rate.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that enables intelligent and adaptive control of the photocatalytic reaction process. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform, which enables precise and efficient use of the light source, recycling of the catalyst, and intelligent adaptive control of the reaction process.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform, comprising a reaction chamber with an inlet and an outlet, a light source module, a magnetic recovery unit, an online water quality sensor, and a controller. The reaction chamber contains magnetic photocatalytic particles, a microbubble aeration system at the bottom, and a magnetic recovery unit extending into it at the top. The light source module includes two sets of ultraviolet lamps of different wavelengths, which extend into the reaction chamber. The online water quality sensor is located inside the reaction chamber and connected to the controller. The online water quality sensor is used to monitor the water quality parameters inside the reaction chamber in real time and feed the monitoring data back to the controller. The microbubble aeration system, the light source module, and the controller are electrically connected.

[0007] Furthermore, one set of the ultraviolet lamps has a light source wavelength of 254nm, and the other set has a wavelength of 270nm.

[0008] Furthermore, the magnetic recovery unit is an electromagnet rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the light source module is connected to the reaction chamber via a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is electrically connected to the controller.

[0010] Furthermore, the online water quality sensor includes a chloroform sensor.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Stable and Reliable Treatment Results: The reaction process is monitored in real time by an online water quality sensor (such as a chloroform sensor), and the wavelength and intensity of the light source module are dynamically adjusted according to the chloroform concentration. Specifically, when the chloroform concentration is high, the 254nm ultraviolet lamp is manually activated by the controller for efficient degradation; when the concentration drops to a safe level, it switches to a 270nm lamp to treat other disinfection byproducts, bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, and to prevent excessive oxidation, thus ensuring stable treatment results and energy saving. The two wavelength settings optimize photocatalytic efficiency for different pollutants, avoiding the limitations of a single wavelength.

[0012] 2. Low operating cost: The magnetic photocatalytic particles achieve near-zero loss through a magnetic recovery unit, significantly reducing catalyst replenishment costs. Simultaneously, intelligent light source management automatically switches wavelengths and adjusts illumination based on water quality changes, reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

[0013] 3. High reaction efficiency: The microbubble aeration system not only provides oxygen to enhance photocatalytic activity but also suspends the catalyst and improves mass transfer through bubble agitation, while simultaneously cleaning the lamp surface. The lifting mechanism allows for adjustment of the lamp position to optimize light distribution, adapting to the needs of different reaction stages and further improving reaction rate and uniformity. The overall design enhances catalyst utilization and reactor adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform according to the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Reaction chamber; 11-Inlet; 12-Outlet; 13-Magnetic photocatalytic particles; 14-Microbubble aeration system; 2-Light source module; 21-Ultraviolet lamp; 22-Lifting mechanism; 3-Magnetic recovery unit; 4-Online water quality sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0016] This utility model discloses a reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a reaction chamber 1, a light source module 2, a magnetic recovery unit 3, an online water quality sensor 4, and a controller.

[0017] The reaction chamber 1, serving as the main container, is made of stainless steel. It features an inlet 11 and an outlet 12, contains magnetic photocatalytic particles 13, a microbubble aeration system 14 at the bottom, and a magnetic recovery unit 3 extending into the chamber at the top. The magnetic photocatalytic particles 13 are made of composite materials, using magnetic materials such as iron(III) oxide as the core to ensure effective magnetic capture; and a highly active TiO2 catalyst is loaded onto a porous alumina or silica carrier, providing a large specific surface area. The microbubble aeration system 14 is electrically connected to a controller, allowing researchers to adjust the airflow rate to suit different experimental stages and ensure stable suspension. The microbubble aeration system 14 uses porous aeration heads or microporous tubes to generate microbubbles with a diameter of 50-200 μm. As the bubbles rise, they create gentle turbulence in the water flow, keeping the magnetic photocatalytic particles 13 in uniform suspension and preventing sedimentation or localized accumulation. The microbubble aeration system 14 simultaneously serves a triple function: stirring (suspending the particles), supplying oxygen (promoting the capture of photogenerated holes), and cleaning the surface of the ultraviolet lamp tube (preventing dirt adhesion). The magnetic recovery unit 3 is an electromagnet rod. After the photocatalytic reaction is completed, the power supply to the magnetic recovery unit 3 is turned on. At this time, the electromagnet rod becomes magnetic and can attract and collect the magnetic photocatalytic particles 13.

[0018] The light source module 2 is connected to the reaction chamber 1 via an electrically controlled lifting mechanism 22. The light source module 2 includes two sets of ultraviolet lamps 21 with different wavelengths: one set at 254nm and the other at 270nm. The ultraviolet lamps 21 extend into the reaction chamber 1 and can be vertically moved within the reaction chamber 1 via the electrically controlled lifting mechanism 22, which is controlled by a controller. Based on the depth of the drinking water to be treated and the concentration of pollutants, the lifting mechanism 22 is controlled to optimize the illumination distance and improve light energy utilization. For example, in the initial stage of the reaction, the controller controls the lifting mechanism 22 to completely submerge the ultraviolet lamps 21 in the liquid within the reaction chamber 1; in the later stages of the reaction, only a portion is submerged.

[0019] The online water quality sensor 4 includes a chloroform sensor. In this design, the controller has a display screen and an operating interface. The operating interface mainly includes a light source control module and a lifting mechanism action module. The light source control module mainly controls the on / off state and wavelength switching of the ultraviolet lamp 21, while the lifting mechanism action module controls the movement distance of the lifting mechanism 22. The display screen can show real-time monitoring data from the online water quality sensor 4, such as chloroform concentration or COD value. Based on the monitoring data displayed on the screen, researchers can manually control the on / off state and wavelength switching of the ultraviolet lamp 21, as well as the movement of the lifting mechanism 22, through the operating interface. This achieves human-machine collaborative control, ensuring flexibility for manual intervention and laying the hardware foundation for fully automatic closed-loop control. For example, when the online water quality sensor 4 detects a high concentration of chloroform (greater than 60 μg / L), the monitoring data is synchronized to the controller and displayed on the screen. At this time, the experimenter turns on two sets of ultraviolet lamps 21 through the operation page. After the total amount of chloroform is lower than 60 μg / L, the experimenter turns off the ultraviolet lamp 21 with a wavelength of 254 nm and turns on only the more energy-efficient ultraviolet lamp 21 with a wavelength of 270 nm to prevent excessive oxidation and energy waste.

[0020] When this utility model is in operation, it requires power to be supplied to the microbubble aeration system 14, the electrically controlled lifting mechanism 22, the light source module 2, and the magnetic recovery unit 3. The power supply part is conventional existing technology.

[0021] Working principle: The inlet 11 is opened and the outlet 12 is closed. Drinking water to be treated flows in through the inlet 11. The experimenter adjusts the airflow rate of the microbubble aeration system 14 via the controller to uniformly suspend the magnetic photocatalytic particles 13. Under the irradiation of the ultraviolet lamps 21, the magnetic photocatalytic particles 13 photocatalytically decompose the disinfection byproduct chloroform in the drinking water. A chloroform sensor monitors the water quality in real time and synchronizes it to the controller. The experimenter uses the monitoring data on the controller's display screen to submerge all the ultraviolet lamps 21 below the liquid surface using the lifting mechanism 22 and to illuminate all the ultraviolet lamps 21 in the light source module 2. When the display shows that the chloroform concentration has decreased to the set threshold, the experimenter uses the controller to turn off the 254nm lamp or raise the lamp of that wavelength, leaving only a portion below the liquid surface; and keeps the 270nm lamp running at a lower power until the treatment is complete. The treated drinking water is discharged from the outlet 12 after the magnetic recovery unit 3 retains the magnetic photocatalytic particles 13.

[0022] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. These modifications will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform, comprising a reaction chamber with an inlet and an outlet, a light source module, a magnetic recovery unit, an online water quality sensor, and a controller, characterized in that: The reaction chamber contains magnetic photocatalytic particles, a microbubble aeration system at the bottom, and a magnetic recovery unit extending into it at the top. The light source module includes two sets of ultraviolet lamps with different wavelengths, which extend into the reaction chamber. The online water quality sensor is installed inside the reaction chamber and connected to the controller. The online water quality sensor is used to monitor the water quality parameters inside the reaction chamber in real time and feed the monitoring data back to the controller. The microbubble aeration system, the light source module, and the controller are electrically connected.

2. The reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultraviolet lamps have two light source wavelengths: one group has a wavelength of 254nm and the other has a wavelength of 270nm.

3. The reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic recovery unit is an electromagnet rod.

4. The reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source module is connected to the reaction chamber via a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is electrically connected to the controller.

5. The reactor for photocatalytic removal of chloroform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The online water quality sensor includes a trichloromethane sensor.

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