Gas-solid mixed nozzle, combined nozzle and gasification furnace

Abstract

This application provides a gas-solid mixing nozzle, comprising a nozzle body with a gas channel penetrating vertically through the center and multiple solid channels, also penetrating the nozzle body, arranged around the gas channel. The solid channels do not intersect each other. The gas channel has a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the solid channels have a solid feed inlet and a solid discharge outlet. The multiple solid discharge outlets are distributed around a gas outlet, and the solid channels converge from the solid feed inlets to the solid discharge outlets and then to the gas channel. This application also relates to a combined nozzle and a gasifier using this gas-solid mixing nozzle. The gas-solid mixing nozzle of this invention increases the contact area between the gas and the powder, improving mixing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of gas-solid mixing, specifically relating to a gas-solid mixing nozzle, a combined nozzle, and a gasifier. Background Technology

[0002] Rapid gas-solid reaction is achieved through the collision and mixing of high-temperature gas and powdered solids. The gas and solids are mixed via nozzles, as seen in pulverized coal hydropyrolysis technology, where high-temperature hydrogen and pulverized coal are mixed after being ejected through nozzles. Pulverized coal hydropyrolysis is a process for the co-production of methane syngas, high-value-added aromatic oils, and high-calorific-value semi-coke from coal. It utilizes the rapid collision and mixing of high-temperature hydrogen and coal, with the pulverized coal undergoing flash heating to rapidly crack unstable bridging bonds and functional groups in the coal in a single primary step. The product distribution can be flexibly adjusted by regulating the residence time of the primary cracking products in the high-temperature zone of the gasifier. The yield of the primary cracking products is affected by the heating rate and mixing effect, thus influencing the quality of the final product. The gasifier nozzle is the core component for achieving rapid heating and mixing.

[0003] CN216998304U discloses a pulverized coal hydrogenation staged gasification furnace, which includes a furnace body. The interior of the furnace body is divided into a first reaction chamber, a quench control chamber, a second reaction chamber, and a semi-coke cooling chamber from top to bottom. A pulverized coal nozzle, a first hydrogen nozzle, and a first oxygen nozzle are provided at the top of the first reaction chamber. At least one pulverized coal nozzle is provided on the side wall of the quench control chamber. A syngas outlet is provided on the side wall of the quench control chamber above the pulverized coal nozzle. At least one second hydrogen nozzle and at least one second oxygen nozzle are provided on the side wall of the second reaction chamber. A slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the semi-coke cooling chamber.

[0004] CN216192110U discloses a pulverized coal hydrogenation gasification furnace, including a closed furnace body, in which a reaction chamber, a separation chamber, a storage chamber and a gas chamber are arranged sequentially from top to bottom; a pulverized coal inlet, a hydrogen inlet and an oxygen inlet are respectively opened on the furnace body at the top of the reaction chamber.

[0005] CN217578787U discloses an energy-saving pulverized coal hydrogenation gasification furnace, including a closed barrel-shaped furnace body. The furnace body has a gasification reaction zone, a first semi-coke cooling chamber, a first gas chamber, a second semi-coke cooling chamber, and a second gas chamber arranged from top to bottom inside the furnace body. A nozzle is provided on the furnace body at the top of the gasification reaction zone. The nozzle is connected to the gas outlet of the hydrogen heating furnace, an oxygen source, and the pulverized coal silo, respectively.

[0006] The existing hydropyrolysis process uses a nozzle configuration with multiple high-temperature hydrogen inlets arranged circumferentially and a single pulverized coal inlet positioned in the center. This design enables uniform mixing and rapid heating of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich coal stream at small-scale processing, thus meeting high gasification performance requirements. However, with further scaling up of the plant, increasing the pulverized coal flow rate necessitates increasing the conveyor diameter, resulting in a larger pulverized coal stream diameter, given the existing achievable conveying density and velocity. The original design employed rapid mixing through hydrogen jet impacting the central coal stream; however, the excessively small diameter hydrogen flow and the excessively large diameter coal stream degraded mixing efficiency, causing uneven heating of the pulverized coal, a slower heating rate, and ultimately, a decrease in effective yield. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a gas-solid mixing nozzle and a device for installing the nozzle, which increases the contact area between the gas and the powder and improves the mixing efficiency.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: A gas-solid mixing nozzle includes a nozzle body. Inside the nozzle body, there is a gas channel that runs vertically through the nozzle body and multiple solid channels that also run through the nozzle body and are arranged around the gas channel. The multiple solid channels do not intersect each other. The gas channel has a gas inlet at the top of the nozzle body and a gas outlet at the bottom of the nozzle body. The solid channels have a solid feed inlet at the top of the nozzle body and a solid discharge outlet at the bottom of the nozzle body. The multiple solid discharge outlets are distributed around a gas outlet, and the solid channels converge from the solid feed inlet to the solid discharge outlet and then to the gas channel.

[0009] Furthermore, a gas passage is located at the center of the nozzle body and runs vertically through it. A high-temperature gaseous medium, such as hydrogen, is introduced into the gas passage through the gas inlet at a temperature of 1000-1100°C. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet. The gas inlet can be connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber where the hydrogen-oxygen lean-oxygen combustion reaction takes place, and the solid feed inlet can be connected to an external solid raw material pulverized coal feed pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the number of solid channels can be, for example, 4-8, arranged evenly around the circumference of the gas channel. The cross-section of the solid channels can be any suitable shape, such as circular, elliptical, or square, but circular is preferred. In practical applications, solid powder, such as pulverized coal, is introduced into the solid channels through the solid inlet and discharged through the solid outlet. The solid powder mixes and heats up with the high-temperature gas discharged from the gas outlet. A single stream of coarse solid powder is divided into multiple fine streams by the multiple solid channels, increasing the contact area with the gas.

[0011] Furthermore, the solid channel is either straight or curved, and the solid outlet is closer to the gas channel than the solid inlet, causing the solid channel to generate a rotational torque. When the solid channel is straight, multiple straight solid channels converge toward the gas outlet. When the solid channel is curved, multiple curved solid channels converge toward the gas outlet in a spiral shape, giving the solid a velocity toward the center at the solid outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple solid channels form an annular surround around the gas outlet in the direction of extension or tangential direction of the solid discharge port.

[0013] Furthermore, the tilt angle of the solid channel relative to the gas channel can be, for example, 5-40 degrees.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas channel is equipped with a swirling element inside to change the gas flow direction. The swirling element can be made of, for example, high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy steel. The swirling element includes a fixed column located at the center of the gas channel and spiral blades arranged around the fixed column. The fixed column extends along the axial direction of the gas channel. The outer edge of the spiral blades is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel, and the inner edge of the swirling blades is connected to the outer surface of the fixed column, for example, by welding. The fixed column is fixed to the center of the gas channel in this way. The spiral blades form a swirling inner groove, and the gas flows along the swirling inner groove. The spiral direction of the spiral blades is opposite to the spiral direction formed by the solid channel, so that the gas and solid have opposite spiral directions. The height h of the spiral blades in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel needs to be sufficient to make the gas rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel. Too few rotations will result in low swirling intensity, and too many rotations will result in increased gas resistance and increased energy consumption. By adjusting the spiral angle α, the tangential velocity of the gas is ensured to be 0.3 to 0.6 times the axial velocity.

[0015] The swirling element changes the direction of the high-temperature gas flow. At the same time, the high-temperature gas generates tangential velocity under the action of centrifugal force after passing through the swirling element in the gas channel, which reduces the axial velocity.

[0016] Furthermore, a chamfer is formed at the gas outlet to increase the contact area between the gas ejected from the outlet and the solid. The chamfer angle can be, for example, 15-40 degrees, and the height H of the chamfer along the axial direction of the gas channel is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the gas channel. By setting a swirling element inside the gas channel and forming a chamfer at the gas outlet, the sweep range of the high-temperature gas is expanded. At the same time, the swirling direction formed by the solid channel is opposite to the swirling direction of the spiral blades, thereby making the swirling directions of the gas and solid opposite, increasing the degree of turbulence, and promoting mass and heat transfer.

[0017] Furthermore, a coaxial cooling jacket is arranged on the outside of the solid channel, or a heat insulation layer composed of heat-insulating material is arranged around the solid channel to prevent oil in the solid from precipitating and blocking the pipeline due to the heat effect of the gas channel. For example, when pulverized coal is introduced into the solid channel, it is to prevent the pulverized coal from heating up and precipitating tar to block the pipeline. The jacket can be filled with a cooling medium, which is generally demineralized water. The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium are close to the solid feed inlet and solid discharge outlet to reduce the erosion of the pipeline by high temperature.

[0018] This utility model also provides a combined nozzle, which includes a housing, a combustion chamber and a gas-solid mixing nozzle located inside the housing, and a flange covering the opening at the top of the housing. Multiple solid channels are arranged around the gas channel and the outer periphery of the combustion chamber. A gas combustion channel and a combustion-supporting gas channel are respectively connected to the top of the combustion chamber. The gas combustion channel, the combustion-supporting gas channel, and the multiple solid channels pass through the flange and enter the housing. The bottom outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the gas inlet of the gas channel. The solid discharge ports of the solid channels converge towards the gas channel. Preferably, after the gas combustion channel enters the housing, its end surrounds the outer periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel. The distribution (i.e., the combustion-supporting gas channel and the gas channel are coaxial, and the solid channel is located on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel) is as follows: the middle part of the bottom of the shell protrudes to form a limiting boss; the tops of the solid channel, the gas channel and the combustion-supporting gas channel all extend from the flange and connect to the solid powder source, the gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source; the solid discharge port and the gas outlet are located on the boss; the shell is filled with a heat insulation layer to separate the solid channel, the gas channel, the combustion chamber, the upper end of the gas channel and the upper end of the combustion-supporting gas channel inside the shell; the heat insulation layer can be made of heat insulation material, such as heat insulation cotton.

[0019] Furthermore, in the combined nozzle of this utility model, the gas channel is provided with a swirling element for changing the gas flow direction. The material of the swirling element can be, for example, high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy steel. The swirling element includes a fixed column located at the center of the gas channel and a spiral blade arranged around the fixed column. The fixed column extends along the axial direction of the gas channel. The outer edge of the spiral blade is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel, and the inner edge of the swirling blade is connected to the outer surface of the fixed column. This connection can be achieved by welding. The spiral blade forms a swirling inner groove, and the gas flows along the swirling inner groove. The rotation direction of the spiral blade is opposite to the rotation direction formed by the solid channel, so that the rotation directions of the gas and the solid are opposite. The height h of the spiral blade in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel needs to be sufficient to make the gas rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel. Too few rotations result in low swirling intensity, while too many rotations result in increased gas resistance and increased energy consumption. By adjusting the spiral angle α, the tangential velocity of the gas is ensured to be 0.3 to 0.6 times the axial velocity.

[0020] In practical applications, hot hydrogen (approximately 500-550°C) is introduced into the gas combustion channel, while oxygen (at room temperature) is introduced into the combustion-supporting gas channel, with a hydrogen to oxygen molar ratio greater than 2:1. Powdered coal (with a hydrogen to coal mass ratio generally above 0.25) is introduced into the solids channel. Oxygen and low-temperature hydrogen undergo an oxygen-deficient combustion reaction in the combustion chamber, producing high-temperature hydrogen (1000-1100°C). This hydrogen, after its flow direction is altered by a swirling element, comes into contact with and mixes with the powdered coal at the gas outlet and solids outlet. The combustion chamber simplifies the connection between the external heating device and the nozzle, reduces the use of high-temperature piping material, and results in a more compact structure.

[0021] This utility model further provides a gasifier, which includes a shell, a reaction cylinder disposed within the shell, at least one mounting hole on the top of the reaction cylinder, an opening on the top of the shell corresponding to the mounting hole, and a flange connected to the opening and coaxially disposed with the mounting hole. Each mounting hole corresponds to the installation of one of the above-mentioned combined nozzles of this utility model. The boss at the bottom of the combined nozzle is engaged with the mounting hole, and the top of the combined nozzle extends out of the shell and is connected to the flange via a flange. In practical application, the gas ejected from the nozzle mixes with the solid and then enters the reaction cylinder to continue the reaction. Compared with the prior art, the pipeline arrangement of the gasifier nozzle is simpler.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention provides a gas-solid mixing nozzle. A gas channel is located at the center of the nozzle body, and multiple solid channels are evenly arranged around the gas channel. Solid powder is introduced into the solid channels, and a single coarse solid powder is divided into multiple fine streams by the multiple solid channels, increasing the contact area with the gas. A swirl element is arranged in the middle of the gas channel to change the direction of the high-temperature gas. After passing through the swirl element, the high-temperature gas generates a tangential velocity under centrifugal force, reducing its axial velocity. A chamfer is provided at the gas outlet to increase the contact area between the gas ejected from the outlet and the solid, expanding the reach of the high-temperature gas, while simultaneously... The solid channel is inclined relative to the gas channel and forms a rotational torque. Multiple solid channels form an annular surround to the gas outlet in the extension direction or tangential direction of the solid discharge port. The rotation direction of the spiral blades is opposite to the rotation direction formed by the solid channels, so that the rotation directions of the gas and solids are opposite, increasing the degree of turbulence and promoting mass and heat transfer. This application also provides a combined nozzle, which simplifies the connection between the external heating device and the nozzle by combining the nozzle with the combustion chamber, reduces the use of high-temperature pipe materials, and makes the structure more compact. The gasifier with the combined nozzle provided in this application has a simpler pipeline arrangement than the gasifier nozzle in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section of the nozzle.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a top perspective view of a nozzle with a straight solid channel.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the swirling element and the gas channel. In the diagram, a shows the connection between the swirling element and the gas channel, and b shows the cross-sectional area A of the swirling element's annular gap, the helix angle α, the pitch P, and the perpendicular distance R between the center of the annular gap and the central axis of the gas channel.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation direction of solids and the rotation direction of gases.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a top view of a nozzle with a curved solid channel.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a combined nozzle.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a gasifier.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1- Nozzle body, 2- Gas inlet, 3- Gas outlet, 4- Solid feed inlet, 5- Solid discharge outlet, 6- Gas channel, 7- Solid channel, 8- Swirl component, 801- Fixed column, 802- Spiral blade, 803- Swirl inner groove, 9- Gas swirl direction, 10- Solid swirl direction, 11- Combustion chamber, 12- Shell, 13- Flange, 14- Boss, 15- Combustion gas channel, 16- Combustion-supporting gas channel, 17- Insulation layer, 18- Outer shell, 19- Reaction cylinder, 20- Mounting hole, 21- Flange, 18- Insulation material. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 1-5As shown, a gas-solid mixing nozzle includes a nozzle body 1, which may be cylindrical. Inside the nozzle body 1, there is a gas channel 6 that runs vertically through the nozzle body 1 and multiple solid channels 7 that also run through the nozzle body 1 and are arranged around the gas channel. The multiple solid channels 7 do not intersect each other. The gas channel 6 has a gas inlet 2 at the top of the nozzle body and a gas outlet 3 at the bottom of the nozzle body. The solid channels 7 have a solid feed inlet 4 at the top of the nozzle body and a solid discharge outlet 5 at the bottom of the nozzle body. The multiple solid discharge outlets 5 are distributed around a gas outlet 3, and the solid channels 7 converge from the solid feed inlet 4 to the solid discharge outlet 5 towards the gas channel 6. That is, the solid discharge outlet 5 is closer to the gas channel 6 than the solid feed inlet 4. To achieve better mixing, the distance between the solid outlet 5 and the gas outlet 3 should generally not exceed 5 times the average of the inner diameters of the gas channel 6 and the solid channel 7. In specific applications, the inner diameter of the solid channel 7 is related to the conveying capacity. For example, if the spraying capacity of a single solid outlet 5 is 4t / h, the inner diameter of the solid channel can be 2cm or larger. The inner diameter of the gas channel should ensure that the tangential momentum of the gas in the swirl tank is more than twice the momentum of the solid. Momentum is the product of mass flow rate and velocity.

[0033] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the gas channel 6 is located at the center of the nozzle body 1 and vertically penetrates the nozzle body 1. A high-temperature gaseous medium, such as hydrogen, is introduced into the gas channel 6 through the gas inlet 2, and the temperature can be, for example, 1000-1100℃. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 3. The gas inlet can supply hot hydrogen, and the heat source can be hydrogen-deficient combustion. The solid feed inlet can be connected to an external solid raw material coal powder feed pipeline.

[0034] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the number of solid channels 7 can be, for example, 4-8. Multiple solid channels 7 are arranged at uniform intervals around the circumference of the gas channel 6. The cross-section of the solid channel 7 can be any suitable shape, such as circular, elliptical, or square, but circular is preferred. In specific applications, solid powder, such as coal powder, is introduced into the solid channel 7 through the solid feed inlet 4 and discharged through the solid discharge outlet 5. The solid powder mixes and heats up with the high-temperature gas discharged from the gas outlet 3. A single stream of coarse solid powder is divided into multiple fine streams by the multiple solid channels 7, increasing the contact area with the gas.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5As shown, the solid channel 7 is either straight or curved. The solid outlet 5 is closer to the gas channel 6 than the solid inlet 4, which causes the solid channel 7 to generate a rotational torque. When the solid channel 7 is straight, multiple straight solid channels 7 converge toward the gas outlet 3. When the solid channel 7 is curved, multiple curved solid channels 7 converge toward the gas outlet 3 in a spiral shape, so that the solid has a velocity toward the center at the solid outlet 5.

[0036] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, multiple solid channels 7 form an annular surround around the gas outlet 3 in the extending direction or tangential direction of the solid discharge port 5.

[0037] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the tilt angle of the solid channel 7 relative to the axis of the gas channel 6 can be, for example, 5-40 degrees.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the gas channel 6 is equipped with a swirling element 8 for changing the gas flow direction. The swirling element 8 can be made of, for example, high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy steel. The swirling element 8 includes a fixed column 801 located at the center of the gas channel 6 and spiral blades 802 arranged around the fixed column 801. The fixed column 801 extends axially along the gas channel 6. The outer edge of the spiral blades 802 is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel 6, and the inner edge of the swirling blades 802 is connected to the outer surface of the fixed column 801, which can be done by welding. The spiral blades 802 form a swirling inner groove 803, and the gas flows along the swirling inner groove 803. The spiral direction of the preferred spiral vane 802 is opposite to that formed by the solid channel 7, so that the gas spiral direction 9 is opposite to the solid spiral direction 10. The height h of the spiral vane 802 in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel 6 needs to be sufficient to make the gas rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel 6. Too few rotations will result in low swirling intensity, and too many rotations will result in increased gas resistance and increased energy consumption. The dimensional characteristics of the thread include the annular gap cross-sectional area A (i.e., the annular gap formed between the outer surface of the fixed post 801 and the inner wall of the gas channel 6), the helix angle α, the pitch P, and the vertical distance R between the center of the annular gap cross-section and the central axis of the gas channel. Figure 3 As shown in Figure b), the gas flows tangentially, and the flow velocity u is the ratio of the gas volumetric flow rate Q to the cross-sectional area A of the annular gap. It can be decomposed into two velocities along the "axial" and "tangential" directions, represented as u·cosα and u·sinα, respectively. It can be seen that the ratio of the axial and radial velocities is cotα. By adjusting α, the tangential velocity of the gas is ensured to be 0.3 to 0.6 times that of the axial velocity.

[0039] The swirling element 8 changes the direction of the high-temperature gas flow. At the same time, the high-temperature gas generates tangential velocity under the action of centrifugal force after passing through the swirling element 8 in the gas channel 6, thereby reducing the axial velocity.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the gas outlet 3 forms a chamfer β to increase the contact area between the gas ejected from the gas outlet 3 and the solid. The angle of the chamfer (the angle formed by the inner wall of the gas outlet and the longitudinal axis of the gas channel) can be, for example, 15-40 degrees. The height H of the chamfer in the axial direction of the gas channel 6 is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the gas channel 6. By setting the swirl element 8 inside the gas channel 6 and forming a chamfer at the gas outlet 3, the sweep range of the high-temperature gas is expanded. At the same time, the swirl direction formed by the solid channel 7 is opposite to the swirl direction of the spiral blade 802, thereby making the swirl direction 9 of the gas opposite to the swirl direction 10 of the solid, increasing the degree of turbulence and promoting mass and heat transfer.

[0041] In one embodiment, the solid channel 7, the gas channel 6 and the housing of the device are filled with thermal insulation material 18.

[0042] In one embodiment, a coaxial cooling jacket is arranged on the outside of the solid channel 7. The jacket can be filled with a cooling medium or insulated with heat-insulating material. The cooling medium is generally demineralized water. The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium are close to the solid feed inlet and solid discharge outlet to reduce the erosion of the pipeline by high temperature. The gap between the outer side of the jacket and the equipment shell can be filled with heat-insulating material 18, such as thermal insulation cotton. The thickness of the heat insulation layer in the jacket or the amount of cooling water introduced is selected to ensure that the temperature of the solid discharge outlet 5 does not exceed 200°C. The cooling jacket is set to prevent the solid channel 7 from being heated by the gas channel 6, causing oil in the solid to precipitate and block the pipeline. For example, when pulverized coal is introduced into the solid channel 7, it prevents the pulverized coal from heating up and precipitating tar to block the pipeline.

[0043] like Figure 6As shown, this utility model further provides a combined nozzle, which includes a housing 12, a combustion chamber 11 located within the housing 12, a gas-solid mixing nozzle, and a flange 13 covering the opening at the top of the housing 12. Multiple solid channels 7 are arranged around the gas channel 6 and the outer periphery of the combustion chamber 11. A gas combustion channel 15 and a combustion-supporting gas channel 16 are respectively connected to the top of the combustion chamber 11. The gas combustion channel 15, the combustion-supporting gas channel 16, and the multiple solid channels 7 pass through the flange 13 and enter the housing 12. The bottom outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the gas inlet 2 of the gas channel 6. The solid outlets of the solid channels 7 converge towards the gas channel 6. Preferably, after the gas combustion channel 15 enters the housing, its end surrounds the combustion-supporting gas channel 16. The outer periphery is distributed (i.e., the combustion-supporting gas channel 16 and the gas channel 15 are coaxial, and the solid channel 7 is located on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel 16). The middle part of the bottom of the shell 12 protrudes to form a limiting boss 14. The tops of the solid channel 7, the gas channel 15 and the combustion-supporting gas channel 16 all extend from the flange 13 and are connected to the solid powder source, the gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source (not shown). The solid discharge port 5 and the gas outlet 3 are located on the boss 14. The shell 12 is filled with a heat insulation layer 17, which separates the solid channel 7, the gas channel 6, the combustion chamber 11, the upper end of the gas channel 15 and the upper end of the combustion-supporting gas channel 16 inside the shell. The heat insulation layer is made of heat insulation material, such as heat insulation cotton.

[0044] Furthermore, in the combined nozzle, the gas channel 6 is provided with a swirling element 8 for changing the gas flow direction. The swirling element 8 can be made of, for example, high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy steel. The swirling element 8 includes a fixed post 801 located at the center of the gas channel 6 and spiral blades 802 arranged around the fixed post 801. The fixed post 801 extends axially along the gas channel 6. The outer edge of the spiral blades 802 is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel 6, and the inner edge of the swirling blades is connected to the outer surface of the fixed post. This connection can be achieved by welding, and the spiral blades 802 form a swirling inner groove. 803, the gas flows along the swirling inner groove 803. Preferably, the spiral direction of the spiral blade 802 is opposite to the spiral direction formed by the solid channel 7, so that the gas spiral direction 9 is opposite to the solid spiral direction 10. The height h of the spiral blade 802 in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel 6 needs to be sufficient to make the gas rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel 6. Too few rotations will result in low swirling intensity, and too many rotations will result in increased gas resistance and increased energy consumption. The dimensional characteristics of the thread include the annular gap cross-sectional area A, the helix angle α, the pitch P, and the perpendicular distance R between the center of the annular gap cross-section and the central axis of the gas channel. Figure 3 As shown in Figure b), the gas flows tangentially, and the flow velocity u is the ratio of the gas volumetric flow rate Q to the cross-sectional area A of the annular gap. It can be decomposed into two velocities along the "axial" and "tangential" directions, represented as u·cosα and u·sinα, respectively. It can be seen that the ratio of the axial and radial velocities is cotα. By adjusting α, the tangential velocity of the gas is ensured to be 0.3 to 0.6 times that of the axial velocity.

[0045] In practical applications, hot hydrogen (500~550℃) is introduced into the gas passage 15, and oxygen (at room temperature) is introduced into the combustion-supporting gas passage 16, with a hydrogen to oxygen molar ratio greater than 2:1. Powdered coal (with a hydrogen to powdered coal mass ratio generally above 0.25) is introduced into the solid passage 7. Oxygen and low-temperature hydrogen undergo an oxygen-deficient combustion reaction in the combustion chamber 11, and the resulting high-temperature hydrogen (1000-1100℃) changes its flow direction through the swirl element 8, coming into contact with and mixing with the powdered coal at the gas outlet 3 and the solid discharge port 5. By setting the combustion chamber 11, the connection between the external heating device and the nozzle is simplified, the use of high-temperature pipe materials is reduced, and the structure is more compact.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, this utility model also provides a gasifier, which includes a shell 18, a reaction cylinder 19 disposed within the shell 18, at least one mounting hole 20 opened at the top of the reaction cylinder 19, an opening disposed at the top of the shell 18 corresponding to the position of the mounting hole, and a flange 21 connected to the opening and coaxially disposed with the mounting hole 20. Each mounting hole 20 corresponds to the installation of one of the above-mentioned combined nozzles of this utility model. The boss 14 at the bottom end of the combined nozzle is connected to the mounting hole 20. The top end of the combined nozzle extends out of the shell 18 and is connected to the flange 21 via the flange 13. In specific applications, the gas ejected from the nozzle and the solid powder come into contact and mix before entering the reaction cylinder 19, and continue to react at 750~950℃ (the hot hydrogen will cool down after heat exchange with the room temperature coal powder), generating methane gas and light oil products such as benzene and naphthalene. Compared with the prior art, the pipeline arrangement of the gasifier nozzle is simpler.

[0047] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A gas-solid mixing nozzle, characterized in that, It includes a nozzle body (1), and a gas channel (6) that runs vertically through the nozzle body (1) is provided in the center of the nozzle body. Multiple solid channels (7) that also run through the nozzle body (1) are arranged around the gas channel. The multiple solid channels (7) do not intersect each other. The gas channel (6) has a gas inlet (2) at the top of the nozzle body and a gas outlet (3) at the bottom of the nozzle body. The solid channels (7) have a solid feed inlet (4) at the top of the nozzle body and a solid discharge outlet (5) at the bottom of the nozzle body. The multiple solid discharge outlets (5) are distributed around a gas outlet (3), and the solid channels (7) converge from the solid feed inlet (4) to the solid discharge outlet (5) towards the gas channel (6).

2. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas passage (6) is located at the center of the nozzle body (1) and extends vertically through the nozzle body (1); and / or Multiple solid channels (7) are arranged at uniform intervals around the gas channel (6) in a circumferential direction.

3. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid channel (7) is straight or curved. The solid outlet (5) is closer to the gas channel (6) than the solid inlet (4), so that the solid channel (7) forms a rotational torque. When the solid channel (7) is straight, multiple straight solid channels (7) converge toward the gas outlet (3). When the solid channel (7) is curved, multiple curved solid channels (7) converge toward the gas outlet (3) in a spiral shape.

4. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple solid channels (7) form an annular surround to the gas outlet (3) in the extension direction or tangential direction of the solid outlet (5), and the inclination angle of the solid channels (7) relative to the axis of the gas channel (6) is 5-40 degrees.

5. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The gas channel (6) is provided with a swirling element (8) for changing the gas flow direction. The swirling element (8) includes a fixed column (801) located at the center of the gas channel (6) and a spiral blade (802) arranged around the fixed column (801). The fixed column (801) extends along the axial direction of the gas channel (6). The outer edge of the spiral blade (802) is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel (6). The spiral blade (802) forms a swirling inner groove (803). The gas flows along the swirling inner groove (803). The direction of rotation of the spiral blade (802) is opposite to the direction of rotation formed by the solid channel (7). The height of the spiral blade (802) in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel (6) causes the gas to rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel (6).

6. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas outlet (3) is chamfered, with an angle of 15-40 degrees. The height of the chamfer in the axial direction of the gas channel (6) is 1.5-2 times the diameter of the gas channel (6).

7. The gas-solid mixing nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that, A coaxial cooling jacket is arranged on the outside of the solid channel (7), or a heat insulation layer is arranged around the solid channel (7).

8. A combined nozzle, characterized in that, It includes a housing (12), a combustion chamber (11) located inside the housing (12), a gas-solid mixing nozzle, and a flange (13) covering the opening at the top of the housing (12). Multiple solid channels (7) are arranged around the gas channel (6) and the outer periphery of the combustion chamber (11). The top of the combustion chamber (11) is connected to a gas channel (15) and a combustion-supporting gas channel (16). The gas channel (15), the combustion-supporting gas channel (16), and the multiple solid channels (7) pass through the flange (13) and enter the housing (12). The bottom outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the gas inlet (2) of the gas channel (6). The solid discharge port of the solid channel (7) converges to the gas channel (6). The middle part of the bottom of the shell (12) protrudes to form a limiting boss (14). The top of the solid channel (7), the gas channel (15) and the combustion-supporting gas channel (16) all extend from the flange (13) and are connected to the solid powder source, the gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source. The solid discharge port (5) and the gas outlet (3) are set on the boss (14). The shell (12) is filled with a heat insulation layer (17) to separate the solid channel (7), the gas channel (6), the combustion chamber (11), the gas channel (15) and the combustion-supporting gas channel (16) inside the shell.

9. The combined nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gas channel (6) is provided with a swirling element (8) for changing the gas flow direction. The swirling element (8) includes a fixed column (801) located at the center of the gas channel (6) and a spiral blade (802) arranged around the fixed column (801). The fixed column (801) extends along the axial direction of the gas channel (6). The outer edge of the spiral blade (802) is connected to the inner wall of the gas channel (6). The spiral blade (802) forms a swirling inner groove (803). The gas flows along the swirling inner groove (803). The direction of rotation of the spiral blade (802) is opposite to the direction of rotation formed by the solid channel (7). The height of the spiral blade (802) in the vertical direction of the central axis of the gas channel (6) causes the gas to rotate 2-4 times in the gas channel (6).

10. A gasifier, comprising a shell (18), a reaction cylinder (19) disposed within the shell (18), at least one mounting hole (20) formed at the top of the reaction cylinder (19), an opening disposed at the top of the shell (18) corresponding to the position of the mounting hole, and a flange (21) connected to the opening and coaxially disposed with respect to the mounting hole (20), characterized in that, Each mounting hole (20) corresponds to the installation of a combined nozzle according to claim 8 or 9. The boss (14) at the bottom of the combined nozzle is connected to the mounting hole (20). The top of the combined nozzle extends out of the outer shell (18) and is connected to the flange (21) via the flange (13).

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