Non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas

Abstract

This invention provides a non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas, comprising: a non-catalytic cracking vessel body, which is mounted on a cracking support frame. The top of the cracking support frame is provided with a waterproof cover. A biomass feeding device is provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device is provided on the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body. A multi-stage purification device is provided at the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is provided at the outlet of the multi-stage purification device. An oxidant input device is provided at the bottom of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body. A biomass char discharge device is provided on one side of the lower end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body. This invention avoids the use of catalysts and related deactivation and coking problems, simplifies operation and maintenance, and the non-catalytic cracking method can efficiently remove tar from biomass gasification gas, providing high-quality clean syngas for subsequent energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass utilization equipment technology, specifically a non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass gasification gas is a combustible gas produced during the biomass gasification process. Its main components include carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane, and it is widely used in energy production and chemical synthesis. Biomass gasification is a thermochemical conversion process that, under certain thermodynamic conditions, uses a gasifying agent (such as air or steam) to convert biomass feedstock into combustible gas. This process involves a series of complex thermochemical reactions, and the final gas produced mainly consists of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4).

[0003] Chinese patent discloses an apparatus and method for producing syngas from biomass gasification coupled with non-catalytic conversion (application number: 202311239690.1). The apparatus includes a circulating fluidized bed gasifier with a furnace chamber in the middle. The furnace chamber consists of a combustion zone and a reduction zone from bottom to top. The feed port at the bottom of the furnace chamber is connected to a twin-screw feeder, which is connected to a feed tank. The top of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is connected to a cyclone separator. The bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the bottom return port of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier via a return feeder. The top outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to a non-catalytic conversion furnace, which is connected to a waste heat boiler. However, the gas produced has many impurities and the production efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical problem solved by this utility model is achieved by the following technical solution: a non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas, comprising: a non-catalytic cracking vessel body, the non-catalytic cracking vessel body being installed on a cracking support frame, a waterproof cover plate being provided at the top of the cracking support frame, a biomass feeding device being provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body, a biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device being provided at the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body, a multi-stage purification device being provided at the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device, a biomass gasification gas storage tank being provided at the outlet of the multi-stage purification device, an oxidant input device being provided at the bottom end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body, a biomass char discharge device being provided on one side of the lower end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel body, the non-catalytic cracking vessel body including a biomass gasification furnace, an oxidant injection hopper being provided at the lower end of the biomass gasification furnace, an oxidant conveying pipe being provided on one side of the oxidant injection hopper, the oxidant conveying pipe being connected to the oxidant input device through a conveying bend, a gasification furnace mounting base being provided on the outside of the biomass gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace mounting base being installed on the gasification furnace support frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the biomass gasifier has a biomass char outlet on one side of its lower end, a biomass inlet on one side of its upper end, a biomass gas outlet on one side of its side, and a gasifier maintenance platform on the top of its top.

[0007] Furthermore, the biomass feeding device includes several biomass feeding conveyor belts, which are mounted on a feeding support frame via conveyor belt support rollers. A biomass feeding device is provided at the lower end of the biomass feeding conveyor belt, and a biomass discharging device is provided at the upper end of the biomass feeding conveyor belt.

[0008] Furthermore, the biomass discharge device includes a biomass receiving hopper, a conveying bend at the lower end of the biomass receiving hopper, a discharge inclined pipe at the lower end of the conveying bend, and the lower end of the discharge inclined pipe is installed on the non-catalytic cracking reactor body.

[0009] Furthermore, the biomass feeding device includes a feeding hopper, a biomass filter plate is provided on the feeding port at the upper end of the feeding hopper, a screw feeder is provided at the lower end of the feeding hopper, the outer side of the feeding hopper is mounted on a hopper support column, and the lower end of the hopper support column is mounted on a hopper mounting pad.

[0010] Furthermore, the oxidant input device includes an oxidant input pump, which is installed on the output end of the input drive motor. The outlet of the oxidant input pump is provided with an oxidant pipeline connection flange, which is connected to the non-catalytic cracking reactor body through an oxidant pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the oxidant input pump and the input drive motor are mounted on the input device fixing plate, and the feed inlet of the oxidant input pump is provided with a feed filter plate, which is mounted on the oxidant input pump by a feed plate mounting buckle.

[0012] Furthermore, the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device includes several water bath cooling units, which are connected in series and installed on a cooling support frame. Each water bath cooling unit includes a gas purification tank, with a water bath box at the lower end of the gas purification tank. The gas purification tank is provided with a cooling air inlet and a cooling exhaust port, and a cooling maintenance platform is provided on the cooling support frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the multi-stage purification device includes several gas purification chambers, which are mounted on a purification support frame. The gas purification chambers are connected in series via a series connecting pipe. The gas purification chamber has a gas purification input pipe at its inlet end and a biomass gasification gas monitoring tank at its outlet end. The outlet end of the biomass gasification gas monitoring tank is connected to a biomass gasification gas storage tank via a gas collection pipe, and a pressure pump is installed on the gas collection pipe.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: this utility model avoids the use of catalysts and related deactivation and coking problems, simplifies operation and maintenance, and the non-catalytic cracking method can efficiently remove tar from biomass gasification gas, providing high-quality clean syngas for subsequent energy utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass feeding device of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass discharge device of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass feeding device of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the non-catalytic cracking vessel structure of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the oxidant input device of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage purification device of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt support roller structure of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to specific illustrations. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection between the internal parts of two components.

[0025] Example 1 like Figures 1-9 As shown, the non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas includes: a non-catalytic cracking vessel 4, which is mounted on a cracking support frame 1. The cracking support frame 1 has a waterproof cover 3 at its top. A biomass feeding device 2 is located on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 is located at the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A multi-stage purification device 8 is located at the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is located at the outlet of the multi-stage purification device 8. An oxidant input device 5 is provided at the bottom of the reactor body 4. A biomass char discharge device 6 is provided on one side of the lower end of the non-catalytic pyrolysis reactor body 4. The non-catalytic pyrolysis reactor body 4 includes a biomass gasifier 41. An oxidant injection hopper 42 is provided at the lower end of the biomass gasifier 41. An oxidant conveying pipe 46 is provided on one side of the oxidant injection hopper 42. The oxidant conveying pipe 46 is connected to the oxidant input device 5 through a conveying bend 47. A gasifier mounting base 43 is provided on the outside of the biomass gasifier 41. The gasifier mounting base 43 is mounted on the gasifier support frame 44. A biomass char discharge outlet 45 is provided on one side of the lower end of the biomass gasifier 41. A biomass inlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the biomass gasifier 41. A biomass gasification gas outlet 48 is provided on one side of the biomass gasifier 41. A furnace maintenance platform 49 is provided on the top of the biomass gasifier 41.

[0026] Example 2 like Figures 1-9As shown, the biomass gasification gas non-catalytic cracking device includes: a non-catalytic cracking vessel 4, which is mounted on a cracking support frame 1. The top of the cracking support frame 1 is provided with a waterproof cover plate 3. A biomass feeding device 2 is provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 is provided on the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A multi-stage purification device 8 is provided on the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is provided on the outlet of the multi-stage purification device 8. The biomass feeding device 2 includes several biomass feeding conveyor belts 21. The biomass feeding conveyor belts 21 are mounted on a feeding support frame 23 through conveyor belt support rollers 22. A biomass feeding device 25 is provided at the lower end of the biomass feeding conveyor belts 21. A biomass discharging device 24 is provided at the upper end of the biomass feeding conveyor belts 21. The biomass discharge device 24 includes a biomass receiving hopper 241, with a conveying bend 242 at its lower end and a discharge inclined pipe 243 at its lower end. The lower end of the discharge inclined pipe 243 is mounted on the non-catalytic cracking reactor body 4. The biomass feeding device 25 includes a feeding hopper 251, with a biomass filter plate 255 at the feeding port at its upper end and a screw feeder 254 at its lower end. The outside of the feeding hopper 251 is mounted on a hopper support column 252, and the lower end of the hopper support column 252 is mounted on a hopper mounting pad 253.

[0027] Example 3 like Figures 1-9 As shown, the biomass gasification gas non-catalytic cracking device includes: a non-catalytic cracking vessel 4, which is mounted on a cracking support frame 1. The cracking support frame 1 has a waterproof cover plate 3 at its top. A biomass feeding device 2 is provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 is provided on the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A multi-stage purification device 8 is provided on the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is provided on the outlet of the multi-stage purification device 8. The oxidant input device 5 includes an oxidant input pump 51, which is mounted on the output end of an input drive motor 54. An oxidant pipeline connecting flange 56 is provided on the outlet of the oxidant input pump 51. The oxidant pipeline connecting flange 56 is connected to the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4 through an oxidant pipeline. The oxidant input pump 51 and the input drive motor 54 are mounted on the input device fixing plate 55. The feed inlet of the oxidant input pump 51 is provided with a feed filter plate 53, which is mounted on the oxidant input pump 51 by a feed plate mounting buckle 52.

[0028] Example 4 like Figures 1-9As shown, the biomass gasification gas non-catalytic cracking device includes: a non-catalytic cracking vessel 4, which is mounted on a cracking support frame 1. The top of the cracking support frame 1 is provided with a waterproof cover plate 3. A biomass feeding device 2 is provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 is provided on the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A multi-stage purification device 8 is provided on the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is provided on the outlet of the multi-stage purification device 8. The biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 includes several water bath cooling units, which are connected in series. The water bath cooling units are mounted on a cooling support frame 73. Each water bath cooling unit includes a gas purification tank 71. A water bath box 72 is provided at the lower end of the gas purification tank 71. The gas purification tank 71 is provided with a cooling inlet 75 and a cooling exhaust port 76. A cooling maintenance platform 74 is provided on the cooling support frame 73.

[0029] Example 5 like Figures 1-9 As shown, the biomass gasification gas non-catalytic cracking device includes: a non-catalytic cracking vessel 4, which is mounted on a cracking support frame 1. The cracking support frame 1 has a waterproof cover 3 at its top. A biomass feeding device 2 is located on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7 is located at the top of the non-catalytic cracking vessel 4. A multi-stage purification device 8 is located at the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device 7. A biomass gasification gas storage tank is located at the outlet of the multi-stage purification device 8. The multi-stage purification device 8 includes several gas purification chambers 82, which are mounted on a purification support frame 83. The gas purification chambers 82 are connected in series via a series connecting pipe 84. The gas purification chamber 82 has a gas purification input pipe 81 at its inlet end and a biomass gasification gas monitoring tank 85 at its outlet end. The outlet end of the biomass gasification gas monitoring tank 85 is connected to a biomass gasification gas storage tank via a gas collection pipe 86. A pressure pump 87 is provided on the gas collection pipe 86.

[0030] A non-catalytic cracking method for biomass gasification gas includes the following steps: Feed gas preheating: The crude syngas (containing tar, particulate matter, etc.) from the biomass gasifier is pre-purified and preheated to improve the efficiency of subsequent pyrolysis reactions; Introduction of oxidant / steam: A controlled amount of oxidant (such as air, oxygen-enriched air, or pure oxygen) and / or steam is introduced into the preheated crude synthesis gas. This allows partial oxidation (POX) and steam reforming reactions to occur; High-temperature thermal reaction (cracking / reforming): The mixed gas enters a non-catalytic conversion furnace (high-temperature reactor). At extremely high temperatures, the chemical bonds of tar molecules (such as naphthalene, toluene, phenol, and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) break, decomposing into simpler gas molecules (…). , , , ); Rapid quenching: The high-temperature gas at the reactor outlet is rapidly cooled (usually by water spraying or heat exchange) to prevent gaseous products from recombining to form tar or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while removing trace amounts of carbon black / smoke generated. Gas post-treatment: The cooled gas enters a scrubbing tower and filtration system to remove residual solid particles and condensate, resulting in clean syngas that meets the requirements of downstream applications (such as gas turbine power generation, fuel cells, or chemical synthesis).

[0031] The high-temperature thermal reaction has a reaction temperature of 900–1500 °C and a residence time of 0.01–12 s to ensure that the tar molecules have enough time to complete the cracking reaction.

[0032] The equivalence ratio of the high-temperature thermal reaction is 0.1–0.5, which is the ratio of the actual oxygen supply to the amount of oxygen required for complete stoichiometric combustion. The oxidant type is air, pure oxygen, steam, or a mixture. Pure oxygen can provide higher temperatures and more efficient tar removal, avoiding the problem of reduced calorific value of syngas caused by nitrogen dilution in the air.

[0033] Non-catalytic cracking (also known as thermal cracking or thermal reforming) of biomass gas is a high-temperature processing method designed to decompose tar and light hydrocarbons to obtain a richer product. , This method produces clean syngas. It relies on extremely high temperatures and a controlled oxidation atmosphere, avoiding the use of catalysts and their associated deactivation problems. The main advantages of this method are the avoidance of catalyst use and related deactivation and coking issues, simplified operation and maintenance, and the efficient removal of tar from biomass gasification gas using a non-catalytic cracking method, providing high-quality clean syngas for subsequent energy utilization.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A non-catalytic cracking unit for biomass gasification gas, comprising: A non-catalytic cracking reactor (4) is characterized in that: the non-catalytic cracking reactor (4) is installed on a cracking support frame (1), the top of the cracking support frame (1) is provided with a waterproof cover plate (3), a biomass feeding device (2) is provided on one side of the upper end of the non-catalytic cracking reactor (4), a biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device (7) is provided on the top of the non-catalytic cracking reactor (4), a multi-stage purification device (8) is provided on the outlet of the biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device (7), a biomass gasification gas storage tank is provided on the outlet of the multi-stage purification device (8), and an oxidant is provided at the bottom of the non-catalytic cracking reactor (4). The input device (5) is provided with a biomass char discharge device (6) on one side of the lower end of the non-catalytic cracking vessel (4). The non-catalytic cracking vessel (4) includes a biomass gasifier (41). An oxidant injection hopper (42) is provided at the lower end of the biomass gasifier (41). An oxidant conveying pipe (46) is provided on one side of the oxidant injection hopper (42). The oxidant conveying pipe (46) is connected to the oxidant input device (5) through a conveying bend (47). A gasifier mounting base (43) is provided on the outside of the biomass gasifier (41). The gasifier mounting base (43) is installed on the gasifier support frame (44).

2. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass gasifier (41) has a biomass char outlet (45) on one side of its lower end, a biomass inlet on one side of its upper end, a biomass gas outlet (48) on one side of its side, and a gasification gas outlet (49) on the top of its top.

3. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass feeding device (2) includes several biomass feeding conveyor belts (21). The biomass feeding conveyor belts (21) are mounted on the feeding support frame (23) via conveyor belt support rollers (22). The lower end of the biomass feeding conveyor belts (21) is provided with a biomass feeding device (25), and the upper end of the biomass feeding conveyor belts (21) is provided with a biomass discharging device (24).

4. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The biomass discharge device (24) includes a biomass receiving hopper (241), the lower end of which is provided with a conveying bend (242), the lower end of which is provided with a discharge inclined pipe (243), and the lower end of the discharge inclined pipe (243) is installed on the non-catalytic cracking vessel body (4).

5. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The biomass feeding device (25) includes a feeding hopper (251), a biomass filter plate (255) is provided on the feeding port at the upper end of the feeding hopper (251), a screw feeder (254) is provided at the lower end of the feeding hopper (251), the outer side of the feeding hopper (251) is installed on the hopper support column (252), and the lower end of the hopper support column (252) is installed on the hopper mounting pad (253).

6. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidant input device (5) includes an oxidant input pump (51), which is installed on the output end of the input drive motor (54). The outlet of the oxidant input pump (51) is provided with an oxidant pipe connection flange (56), which is connected to the non-catalytic cracking vessel body (4) through an oxidant pipe.

7. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oxidant input pump (51) and the input drive motor (54) are mounted on the input device fixing plate (55). The feed inlet of the oxidant input pump (51) is provided with a feed filter plate (53), which is mounted on the oxidant input pump (51) by a feed plate mounting buckle (52).

8. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass gasification gas cooling and purification device (7) includes several water bath cooling units, which are connected in series. The water bath cooling units are installed on a cooling support frame (73). Each water bath cooling unit includes a gas purification tank (71). The lower end of the gas purification tank (71) is provided with a water bath box (72). The gas purification tank (71) is provided with a cooling air inlet (75) and a cooling exhaust port (76). The cooling support frame (73) is provided with a cooling maintenance platform (74).

9. The non-catalytic cracking device for biomass gasification gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage purification device (8) includes several gas purification boxes (82), which are mounted on a purification support frame (83). The gas purification boxes (82) are connected in series by a series connecting pipe (84). The gas purification box (82) has a gas purification input pipe (81) at its inlet end and a biomass gasification gas monitoring tank (85) at its outlet end. The outlet end of the biomass gasification gas monitoring tank (85) is connected to a biomass gasification gas storage tank through a gas collection pipe (86). A pressurizing pump (87) is provided on the gas collection pipe (86).

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