Rectifying structure of single-side concentrated inflow shaft spillway
By using the coordinated design of energy dissipation piers and flow straightening piers, the problems of swirling flow, backlog, and uneven flow distribution in the spillway of a single-sided centralized inlet shaft were solved, achieving uniform water flow distribution and improved discharge capacity, thus ensuring project safety and economic benefits.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522142440.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-10
AI Technical Summary
Traditional single-sided centralized intake vertical shaft spillway designs suffer from problems such as swirling flow, high risk of backflow, uneven flow distribution, and structural cavitation. In particular, it is difficult to effectively eliminate swirling flow under narrow terrain conditions, which reduces the discharge capacity and engineering safety.
The design employs a synergistic optimization of energy dissipation and rectification structures. By combining energy dissipation piers and rectification piers, the energy dissipation piers disperse the kinetic energy of the water flow with their wedge-shaped heads, while the rectification piers distribute the water flow path evenly, eliminating vortices and optimizing flow distribution.
It significantly improves the discharge capacity of the annular weir, avoids the risk of backlog and negative pressure cavitation, enhances the uniformity of flow distribution, reduces engineering costs and improves safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN224943106U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of structural design of water spillway structures in water conservancy projects, and in particular to a flow straightening structure for a single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway. Background Technology
[0002] The design of spillway structures in hydraulic engineering projects is of great significance, especially the flow optimization problem of vertical shaft spillways under narrow terrain conditions. Traditional vertical shaft spillways, in cases of concentrated flow from one side, such as in loess plateau regions where terrain constraints limit the reservoir area, often result in a reservoir-to-well ratio (D / D0) less than or equal to 2.0. In such projects, a single diversion pier or no flow rectification measures are typically used in the design. However, this approach has significant technical drawbacks. Unilateral flow can easily lead to clockwise or counterclockwise swirling flows in the reservoir area. These swirling flows not only reduce the discharge capacity of the annular weir but also pose a risk of backlog, causing the reservoir water level to rise and flow along the well wall, thus increasing the possibility of backlog and overflow in the diversion channel. Furthermore, when the diversion pier is used alone, the cavity behind it can induce a negative pressure effect, with the highest negative pressure reaching -16878 Pa, further exacerbating cavitation damage to the structure. Meanwhile, due to the influence of swirling flow and inertia, the flow distribution difference in different parts of the annular overflow weir can reach over 15%, significantly reducing flood discharge efficiency. Existing diversion piers cannot effectively eliminate the kinetic energy of the incoming flow, causing the water to continue rotating along the well wall. Furthermore, they lack synergy with energy dissipation and rectification measures, making it difficult to meet practical engineering requirements. Therefore, addressing the problems of severe swirling flow, high risk of backlog, uneven flow distribution, and structural cavitation in single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillways, a structural design capable of effectively rectifying and dissipating energy is urgently needed to improve the discharge capacity of the annular weir and the overall safety and economy of the project. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention addresses the problems of swirling flow, backlog, and uneven flow distribution in existing single-sided centralized intake vertical shaft spillway designs by proposing a solution that utilizes a synergistic optimization of energy dissipation and rectification structures. These problems are particularly pronounced in narrow terrain conditions, such as the Loess Plateau region, where traditional designs cannot effectively eliminate swirling flow within the reservoir area, leading to a decrease in the discharge capacity of the annular weir and accompanying risks of backlog in the diversion channel and negative pressure cavitation.
[0004] This invention provides a flow-rectifying structure for a single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway, comprising an annular weir, an inlet channel, a discharge pipe, an energy dissipation structure, and a flow-rectifying structure. The annular weir, located at the center of the entire structure, is circular and serves as the main channel for water flow. The inlet channel is located on one side of the annular weir to guide water flow into the weir. The discharge pipe is located at the lower center of the annular weir to discharge water. Furthermore, the bottom of the annular weir is equipped with an energy dissipation structure and a flow-rectifying structure to disperse, slow down, and uniformly distribute the water flow.
[0005] The energy dissipation structure consists of multiple energy dissipation piers, which are evenly distributed and positioned at the bottom of the annular weir, at the outlet of the inlet channel. Preferably, there are five energy dissipation piers, with two near the outlet of the inlet channel and the other three located on the water-outlet side of the gap between the two piers. Furthermore, the heads of the energy dissipation piers adopt a wedge-shaped structure with an inclination angle ranging from 15° to 30°, to disperse the kinetic energy of the impacting water flow and reduce the risk of the water flow rotating against the wall. The dimensions of the energy dissipation piers are 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the width of the incoming flow, and the height is 0.6 to 0.8 times the design water depth, ensuring effective reduction of the incoming kinetic energy.
[0006] The flow-rectifying structure consists of multiple flow-rectifying piers, which are evenly distributed and arranged in a ring around the bottom of the annular weir, surrounding the inlet of the discharge pipe. The number of flow-rectifying piers is selected from 4, 6, or 8 depending on the actual operating conditions, distributed according to the principle of symmetry. Furthermore, the spacing of the flow-rectifying piers is optimized through flow velocity settings to ensure that the flow distribution difference in each channel does not exceed 5%. Specifically, the height of the flow-rectifying piers is flush with the crest of the annular weir, thereby forming a uniform water flow path and avoiding uneven distribution of water flow within the annular weir.
[0007] The technical solution of this utility model optimizes the flow pattern of water under unilateral concentrated inflow conditions through the synergistic effect of energy dissipation piers and flow straightening piers. Specifically, the energy dissipation piers are arranged in the direction of incoming flow, and their wedge-shaped head structure disperses the impact water flow, reduces the kinetic energy of the water flow, and prevents the water flow from rotating against the wall, thereby eliminating swirling phenomena. Furthermore, the flow straightening piers are evenly arranged along the circumference of the annular weir, optimizing the water flow path and making the water flow within the annular weir more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven flow distribution. In particular, the synergistic effect of the energy dissipation piers and flow straightening piers completely eliminates the large kinetic energy and swirling phenomena generated by unilateral concentrated inflow, allowing the water flow to enter the overflow shaft evenly and smoothly, avoiding the risk of backlog and negative pressure cavitation.
[0008] To achieve the aforementioned technical effects, in the specific embodiments of this utility model, the design parameters of the energy dissipation piers and flow straightening piers need to be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. For example, under optimal working conditions, when the reservoir area D / D0 = 3.0, the height of the energy dissipation piers is set to 1.2 meters (design water depth 1.5 meters), and the angle of the flow diversion piers is set to 90°, thereby achieving a flow distribution ratio of 24.38% to 25.66% in each channel, significantly improving the uniformity of flow distribution. Furthermore, under working conditions applicable to narrow terrain, when the reservoir area increases or the width of the diversion channel increases and the inflow flow increases, the height of the energy dissipation piers can be increased to 1.35 meters to 1.5 meters to compensate for insufficient reservoir area; at the same time, the number of flow diversion piers can be increased to 6 or 8, further optimizing the flow pattern through symmetrical distribution.
[0009] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention, through the aforementioned technical solution, solves the problems of swirling flow, backlog, negative pressure cavitation, and uneven flow distribution inherent in traditional designs, demonstrating significant technical advantages and socio-economic benefits. Specifically, the combined use of the energy dissipation structure and the flow rectification structure significantly improves the discharge capacity of the annular weir, preventing water from flowing along the wall. Furthermore, the optimized structure effectively controls the reservoir water level, reduces the risk of backlog in the diversion channel, and avoids overflow accidents. In particular, compared to traditional symmetrical reservoir designs, this invention effectively reduces the excavation volume of the inlet forebay and the reservoir area, offering significant economic benefits, especially in narrow terrain conditions. Moreover, this invention is particularly suitable for collapsible areas such as loess plateaus, effectively preventing flood discharge overflow accidents and ensuring project safety.
[0010] In summary, this utility model proposes a specific implementation method by setting energy dissipation piers and flow-rectifying piers in the spillway of a single-sided centralized inlet shaft, thus solving key technical problems in traditional designs. The implementation details of the described technical solution are clearly defined, enabling those skilled in the art to achieve the relevant technical objectives according to the description. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a side view of the flow velocity energy of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the flow velocity energy of this utility model; Figure 5 It is a graph showing the change in effect at the same flow rate; Figure 6 It is a graph showing the effect changes under the same water depth.
[0012] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Circular weir; 2. Inlet channel; 3. Drainage pipe; 4. Energy dissipation pier; 5. Rectifying pier. Detailed Implementation
[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0014] This utility model relates to a flow rectification structure for a single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway. Its core lies in solving the problems of water swirling, backlogging, and uneven flow distribution under narrow terrain conditions through the synergistic optimization of energy dissipation and flow rectification structures. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 To be continued Figure 6 The technical solution of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0015] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this utility model includes an annular weir 1, an inlet channel 2, a discharge pipe 3, energy dissipation piers 4, and flow straightening piers 5. The annular weir 1 is located at the center of the entire structure, is circular in shape, and serves as the main channel for water flow; the inlet channel 2 is located on one side of the annular weir 1 to guide water flow into the annular weir 1; the discharge pipe 3 is located at the lower middle part of the annular weir 1 to discharge water flow. The energy dissipation piers 4 and flow straightening piers 5 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the annular weir 1 to achieve dispersion, deceleration, and uniform distribution of water flow.
[0016] The design and arrangement of the energy dissipation piers 4 is one of the key technologies of this utility model. The energy dissipation piers 4 consist of multiple wedge-shaped head structures, evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular weir 1, and located at the outlet of the inlet channel 2. Based on actual operating conditions, the preferred number of energy dissipation piers 4 is five, with two near the outlet of the inlet channel 2 and the other three located on the water outlet side of the gap between two energy dissipation piers 4. The inclination angle of the wedge-shaped heads of the energy dissipation piers 4 ranges from 15° to 30°, used to disperse the kinetic energy of the impacting water flow and reduce the risk of water flow swirling against the wall. The dimensions of the energy dissipation piers 4 are 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the incoming flow width, and the height is 0.6 to 0.8 times the design water depth. For example, under optimal operating conditions, when the reservoir area D / D0 = 3.0, the height of the energy dissipation piers 4 is set to 1.2 meters (design water depth 1.5 meters). The arrangement of the energy dissipation piers 4 effectively reduces the incoming kinetic energy, prevents water flow from swirling against the wall, and thus eliminates vortex phenomena.
[0017] The design and arrangement of the straightening piers 5 is another key technology of this utility model. The straightening piers 5 consist of multiple piers, evenly distributed and arranged in a ring at the bottom of the annular weir 1, surrounding the inlet of the discharge pipe 3. The number of straightening piers 5 is selected according to actual working conditions, consisting of 4, 6, or 8, distributed according to the principle of symmetry. The height of the straightening piers 5 is flush with the crest of the annular weir 1, ensuring a uniform water flow path. The spacing of the straightening piers 5 is optimized through flow velocity settings to ensure that the flow distribution difference in each channel does not exceed 5%. For example, under optimal working conditions, when the reservoir area D / D0 = 3.0, the angle between the straightening piers is set to 90°, thereby achieving a flow distribution ratio of 24.38% to 25.66% in each channel, significantly improving the uniformity of flow distribution. The arrangement of the straightening piers 5 optimizes the water flow path, making the water flow more uniform within the annular weir 1 and avoiding the problem of uneven flow distribution.
[0018] The specific operating principle of this utility model is as follows: Water flows into the annular weir 1 through the inlet channel 2. First, it is dispersed and slowed down by the energy dissipation piers 4, reducing the incoming kinetic energy and preventing the water from rotating along the wall. Subsequently, under the action of the straightening piers 5, the water flow is evenly distributed around the annular weir 1 and finally discharged through the discharge pipe 3. The synergistic effect of the energy dissipation piers 4 and the straightening piers 5 completely eliminates the large kinetic energy and vortex generated by concentrated inflow from one side, allowing the water to enter the overflow shaft evenly and smoothly, avoiding the risk of backlog and negative pressure cavitation.
[0019] In practical applications, the design parameters of energy dissipation piers 4 and flow straightening piers 5 need to be adjusted according to specific working conditions. For example, in narrow terrain conditions, when the reservoir area increases or the width of the diversion channel increases and the inflow rate increases, the height of energy dissipation piers 4 can be increased to 1.35 meters to 1.5 meters to compensate for insufficient reservoir area; at the same time, the number of flow straightening piers 5 can be increased to 6 or 8, further optimizing the flow pattern through symmetrical distribution. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, by adjusting the parameters of the energy dissipation pier 4 and the flow straightening pier 5, the velocity energy distribution of the water flow can be significantly improved, thereby enhancing the discharge capacity of the annular weir 1.
[0020] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The figures show the effect variation curves under the same flow velocity and the same water depth, respectively. As can be seen from the figures, with the optimization of the parameters of energy dissipation pier 4 and flow straightening pier 5, the flow distribution ratio of each channel gradually becomes more uniform, and the flow distribution range is significantly reduced. For example, under optimal operating conditions, when the reservoir area D / D0 = 3.0, the flow distribution ratio of each channel reaches 24.38% to 25.66%, meeting the engineering requirements. Furthermore, the optimized structure can effectively control the reservoir water level, reduce the risk of backlog in the diversion channel, and prevent overflow accidents.
[0021] This invention is particularly suitable for collapsible areas such as loess plateaus, significantly improving the discharge capacity of the annular weir 1 and preventing water from flowing along the wall. Compared to traditional symmetrical reservoir designs, this invention effectively reduces the excavation volume of the inlet forebay and reservoir area, offering significant economic benefits, especially in narrow terrain conditions. For example, in a certain project, the use of this invention reduced the excavation volume of the inlet forebay and reservoir area by approximately 30%, significantly lowering project costs.
[0022] This invention optimizes the flow pattern under unilateral concentrated inflow conditions, solving problems such as swirling flow, backflow, negative pressure cavitation, and uneven flow distribution found in traditional designs. Through the synergistic effect of the energy dissipation pier 4 and the flow straightening pier 5, the discharge capacity of the annular weir 1 is significantly improved, preventing water from flowing along the wall. The optimized structure effectively controls the reservoir water level, reduces the risk of backflow in the diversion channel, and avoids overflow accidents. Furthermore, this invention offers significant economic benefits in narrow terrain conditions, effectively reducing the excavation volume of the inlet forebay and reservoir area, thus ensuring project safety.
[0023] In summary, this utility model proposes a specific implementation method by setting energy dissipation piers 4 and flow straightening piers 5 in the spillway of a single-sided centralized inlet shaft, thus solving key technical problems in traditional designs. The implementation details of the described technical solution are clearly defined, and can guide those skilled in the art to achieve the relevant technical objectives according to the description.
[0024] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A flow straightening structure for a single-sided centralized intake vertical shaft spillway, comprising an annular weir (1), an intake channel (2), and a discharge pipe (3), wherein the intake channel (2) is disposed on one side of the annular weir (1), and the discharge pipe (3) is disposed at the lower middle part of the annular weir (1), characterized in that: The annular weir (1) is equipped with an energy dissipation structure and a flow rectification structure; The energy dissipation structure consists of multiple energy dissipation piers (4), which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular weir (1) and located at the outlet of the inlet channel (2). There are five energy dissipation piers (4), two of which are close to the outlet of the inlet channel (2), and the other three are located on the side of the water outlet in the gap between the two energy dissipation piers (4). The wedge-shaped head of the energy dissipation pier (4) has an inclination angle of 15°–30°.
2. The flow rectification structure of the single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy dissipation pier (4) has a wedge-shaped head structure.
3. The flow rectification structure of the single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectification structure consists of multiple rectification piers (5), which are evenly distributed in a ring at the bottom of the annular weir (1) and are arranged in a ring around the inlet of the discharge pipe (3).
4. The flow rectification structure of the single-sided centralized inlet vertical shaft spillway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spacing of the straightening piers (5) is set according to the flow velocity, and the flow distribution difference of each channel is ≤5%.