A thermal vibration coupled replaceable graded energy dissipator

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of energy dissipation technology, specifically to a replaceable, graded energy dissipation device with thermal vibration coupling. The device includes a low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component positioned between the first and second anchoring components to dissipate energy within a first relative displacement range caused by train operation vibration; a large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component for dissipating energy through friction, yielding, or hyperelastic deformation after the relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement threshold; and a detachable protection and heat dissipation component to cover the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component and the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component. This utility model addresses the problem that existing segment joint vibration reduction or isolation structures are difficult to simultaneously adapt to operational thermal displacement, long-term small-amplitude train vibration, and large seismic displacement, and that energy dissipation components are difficult to inspect and replace, through the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component and the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy consumption technology, and in particular to a thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy consumption device. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, shield tunnels are subjected to the combined effects of train vibration, wheel-rail interaction, traction braking heat, equipment heat dissipation, changes in ventilation conditions, and environmental temperature cycles. Train vibration typically manifests as small-amplitude, high-frequency, long-term cyclical effects, while operational thermal loads manifest as a slowly varying temperature field and thermal expansion and contraction displacement of the tunnel segments. Under conditions of earthquakes, near-fault slippage, or abnormal disturbances, the segment joints may also experience significant opening, shearing, or angular displacement. The amplitude, frequency, and duration of these effects vary considerably, but they all collectively impact the sealing, waterproofing, bolted connections, fatigue, and durability of the shield tunnel segment joint area.

[0003] Existing vibration reduction structures for tunnel segment joints mostly employ joint energy-dissipating pads, strip-shaped energy-dissipating units, or flexible damping structures. For example, existing vibration-damping tunnel segment joint structures arrange energy-dissipating pads and strip-shaped energy-dissipating units at the segment joints to attenuate train vibrations and reduce the risk of cracking; existing tunnel vibration isolation systems focus more on flexible joints and overall seismic isolation under earthquake or fault action. While these technologies can provide certain vibration reduction and isolation effects for train vibrations or earthquakes, they typically do not classify operational thermal displacements, small-amplitude train vibrations, and large earthquake displacements within the same joint device.

[0004] On the other hand, tunnel segment temperature deformation monitoring technology can already monitor segment temperature and deformation under heat source conditions and issue early warnings when temperature deformation exceeds allowable values. However, this type of technology mainly belongs to monitoring and alarm systems and does not provide thermal compensation, constant pressure preload, and replaceable damping structures that are directly integrated with the mechanical energy-dissipating structure of the segment joint. When damping materials are subjected to long-term temperature cycling or local high-temperature environments, their damping performance, friction preload, and aging state may all change, leading to a decrease in the train's vibration energy dissipation capacity, and even causing daily thermal displacement to mistakenly trigger large-displacement energy-dissipating components.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a replaceable energy dissipation device suitable for the segment joints of shield tunnels, which can prioritize thermal compensation within the range of slow thermal displacement caused by operating temperature rise, provide stable energy dissipation within the range of small-amplitude high-frequency vibration of trains, activate large displacement energy dissipation and limit protection under earthquakes or large displacements near faults, and be inspected, replaced and maintained from the inside of the tunnel. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a replaceable graded energy dissipator with thermal vibration coupling, which solves the problem that existing segment joint vibration reduction or isolation structures cannot simultaneously adapt to operational thermal displacement, long-term small-amplitude vibration of trains and large displacement of earthquakes, and that energy dissipation components are not easy to inspect and replace.

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this utility model provides a replaceable, graded energy dissipator coupled with thermal vibration, installed at the segment joint on a segment ring lining. The segment ring lining includes a first segment, a first ring, a second segment, and a second ring. The energy dissipator includes a thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator with a first anchoring component for fixing to the first segment or the first ring; a second anchoring component for fixing to the second segment or the second ring; a low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component disposed between the first and second anchoring components for dissipating energy within a first relative displacement range caused by train vibration; a large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component for dissipating energy through friction, yielding, or hyperelastic deformation after the relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement threshold; and a detachable protection and heat dissipation component. The system covers the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component and the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component; a limiting component is used to limit the maximum relative displacement between the first anchoring component and the second anchoring component; a thermal compensation decoupling component is provided between the first anchoring component or the second anchoring component and the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component, the thermal compensation decoupling component includes a thermal compensation sliding part and a constant pressure pre-tightening part, the thermal compensation sliding part is used to absorb the slow relative displacement generated by the segment joint under the train thermal load or operating temperature cycle, the constant pressure pre-tightening part is used to maintain the clamping force of the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component within the range of slow relative displacement, and the triggering displacement of the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component is greater than the sum of the allowable sliding amount of the thermal compensation sliding part and the maximum design deformation of the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component.

[0008] Preferably, the thermal compensation sliding part includes at least one of an elongated hole, a sliding pin, a low-friction liner, or a sliding seat.

[0009] Preferably, the constant pressure preload includes at least one of a disc spring assembly, a wave spring, a constant force spring sheet, or an elastic preload pad.

[0010] Preferably, the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component includes at least one of a viscoelastic shear pad, a rubber-metal laminate, a polyurethane damping sheet, or a multi-layer thin-film shear energy dissipation core.

[0011] Preferably, the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component includes at least two damping material layers with different applicable temperature ranges, and the damping material layers are arranged in parallel or stacked.

[0012] Preferably, the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator has an energy dissipation box, and the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component is a drawer-type replaceable damping core, which is fixed in the energy dissipation box by a limiting buckle or bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the large displacement seismic energy dissipation component includes at least one of the following: friction plate assembly, U-shaped yield steel sheet, arc-shaped yield steel sheet, SMA spring, SMA wire bundle, or shear yield pin.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a limiting component, which includes at least one of a limiting block, a limiting pin, a limiting shoulder, a buffer pad, or a replaceable limiting gasket.

[0015] Preferably, the detachable protection and heat dissipation assembly includes at least one of the following: an inner inspection cover, a waterproof sealing ring, a protective cover, a heat-conducting cover plate, a heat-conducting pad, or a heat dissipation channel.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indicator component, which includes an exposed scale window and at least one of a maximum displacement holding slider, an irreversible temperature indicator, or a threshold shear pin. The exposed scale window marks the thermal compensation zone, the train vibration zone, and the earthquake energy dissipation zone.

[0017] Preferably, the irreversible temperature indicator is positioned near the low-amplitude vibration energy-consuming component to indicate whether the low-amplitude vibration energy-consuming component has undergone a thermal cycle exceeding a preset temperature threshold.

[0018] Preferably, the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator includes an energy dissipation box, which includes a base plate, side plates, end plates, guide rails, and an inner inspection port. The drawer-type replaceable damping core is pulled out or pushed in from the inner inspection port of the tunnel along the guide rails.

[0019] Preferably, the thermal compensation sliding part and the constant pressure pre-tightening part are arranged in series along the relative displacement transmission direction of the joint, the sliding pin slides along the elongated hole and cooperates with the low friction liner, and the constant pressure pre-tightening part transmits the pre-tightening force to the low amplitude vibration energy dissipation component through the pressure plate.

[0020] Preferably, the exposed scale window is located on the side plate near the inner side of the tunnel, and the maximum displacement holding slider cooperates with the one-way anti-reverse tooth or ratchet structure to maintain the maximum displacement range that the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator has reached.

[0021] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:

[0022] 1. This utility model divides thermal displacement, train vibration and large earthquake displacement into different working ranges, which can avoid the slow joint displacement caused by the temperature rise during operation from accidentally triggering the earthquake energy dissipation component.

[0023] 2. This utility model maintains the clamping force of the low-amplitude vibration energy-consuming component through the thermal compensation decoupling component and the constant pressure preload part, which can reduce the influence of temperature changes on damping performance and friction preload.

[0024] 3. The low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component of this utility model can be configured as a drawer-type replaceable damping core, and can use damping material layers with different temperature applicable ranges, which is suitable for maintenance and replacement in long-term train operation environment.

[0025] 4. When the relative displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the large displacement seismic energy dissipation component intervenes and the limiting component restricts the maximum displacement, so that the segment joint has better energy dissipation and protection capabilities under the action of earthquake or near-fault fault.

[0026] 5. By setting up a dual-state mechanical indicator component for heat and displacement, this utility model can provide operators with an intuitive basis for judging whether the energy consumer has experienced high-temperature aging, train vibration range, or earthquake large displacement range without the need for a complex electronic monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a replaceable, graded energy dissipator with thermal vibration coupling installed at the joint of a tunnel segment.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the main functional components of a thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to this utility model.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a top plan view of the segment joint of a thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to this utility model.

[0030] Figure 4 This is the utility model Figure 3 Longitudinal cross-section at position AA.

[0031] Figure 5 This is the utility model Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the middle BB position.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a partial detailed view of the thermal compensation sliding part and the constant pressure pre-tightening structure of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a partial detailed drawing of the drawer-type replaceable damping core and thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indication structure of this utility model.

[0034] The diagram is labeled as follows: 10, segment lining; 20, track and train load source; 30, segment joint; 100, thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator; 101, base plate; 102, side plate; 103, guide rail; 110, first anchoring assembly; 120, second anchoring assembly; 130, thermal compensation decoupling assembly; 131, oblong hole; 132, low-friction liner; 133, constant pressure preload section; 134, thermally conductive pad; 140, low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation assembly; 141, drawer-type replaceable damping core; 142, multi-temperature zone damping... 150. Material layer; 151. Large displacement earthquake energy dissipation component; 152. Friction plate assembly; 160. U-shaped yield steel sheet; 170. Limiting component; 171. Removable protection and heat dissipation component; 172. Inner inspection cover; 180. Heat dissipation channel; 181. Thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indicator component; 182. Maximum displacement holding slider; 183. Irreversible temperature indicator; 184. Threshold shear pin; δT. Thermal compensation sliding range; δv. Train small vibration working range; δS. Earthquake large displacement and limiting working range. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by this utility model, the following detailed description of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator, installed at the segment joint 30 on the tunnel segment lining 10, near the track and train load source 20. The tunnel segment lining 10 includes a first segment, a first ring, a second segment, and a second ring. The thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator 100 is arranged at the tunnel segment joint 30 and spans both sides of the segment joint 30. A first anchoring assembly 110 is fixed inside the first segment or the first ring, and a second anchoring assembly 120 is fixed inside the second segment or the second ring. The two components transmit the relative displacement of the joint to the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator 100. The thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator 100 is preferably installed in the maintenance area inside the tunnel, with the inner maintenance cover 171, the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141, and the exposed scale window facing the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the main components of the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator 100 can be decomposed into an energy dissipation box, a thermal compensation decoupling component 130, a constant pressure preload part 133, a low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component 140, a large displacement seismic energy dissipation component 150, a limiting component 160, a detachable protection and heat dissipation component 170, and a thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indication component 180. The three-dimensional exploded view is used to illustrate the assembly hierarchy of each component, in which the cover plate and heat dissipation ribs are located at the top, the thermal compensation decoupling component 130 and the constant pressure preload part 133 are located at the joint displacement input end, the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141 is located in the middle, and the friction plate assembly 151 and the U-shaped yield steel sheet 152 are located at the large displacement energy dissipation end.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, in the top view, the energy-consuming box includes a base plate 101, a side plate 102, a guide rail 103, and an end plate. The thermal compensation decoupling assembly 130, the constant pressure preload part 133, the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141, the friction plate assembly 151, the U-shaped yield steel sheet 152, and the limiting assembly 160 are arranged sequentially along the direction of relative displacement transmission of the joint. Figure 3 In the diagram, AA represents the longitudinal profile position, BB represents the transverse profile position; δT represents the thermal compensation slip range, δv represents the working range of small-amplitude train vibration, and δS represents the working range of large-displacement and limiting function during earthquakes.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, in the longitudinal section AA, the sliding pin passes through the elongated hole 131 and engages with the low-friction liner 132. Slowly varying displacements caused by train thermal loads or operating temperature cycles are preferentially released within the δT range. The constant pressure preload part 133 is located between the thermal compensation decoupling component 130 and the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141, and the preload force is stably transmitted to the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component 140 through the pressure plate or elastic element. When the relative displacement caused by an earthquake or near-fault displacement exceeds the train's vibration operating range, the friction plate assembly 151, the U-shaped yield steel sheet 152, and the limiting component 160 sequentially participate in energy dissipation and protection. When the relative displacement further reaches the preset maximum displacement, the limiting component 160 abuts against the corresponding anchoring component, limiting the maximum relative displacement between the first anchoring component 110 and the second anchoring component 120. The preset maximum displacement is greater than the trigger displacement of the large-displacement earthquake energy dissipation component 150.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, in the BB transverse section, the side plate 102, bottom plate 101, and inner inspection cover 171 of the energy consumption box form a box-shaped cross-section with an opening. The inner inspection cover 171 covers the inner inspection port of the energy consumption box facing the inner side of the tunnel. The guide rails 103 are located on both sides inside the box and are used to support and guide the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141. A multi-temperature zone damping material layer 142 can be set inside the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141. The multi-temperature zone damping material layer 142 includes at least two damping material layers with different applicable temperature ranges. The damping material layers are arranged in parallel or stacked. A thermally conductive pad 134 can be set on the side near the tube segment or heat source, and a heat dissipation channel 172 or heat dissipation rib can be set on the side near the inner side of the tunnel. This cross-sectional structure allows the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141 to be pulled out from the inner side of the tunnel for maintenance while maintaining a pressurized working state.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the thermal compensation sliding section and the constant pressure preload structure can be implemented separately as partial details. The length of the elongated hole 131 is determined according to the allowable thermal displacement range δT. When the sliding pin moves in the elongated hole 131, the low-friction liner 132 reduces the sliding resistance, preventing the slowly changing temperature displacement from directly entering the vibration energy dissipation or seismic energy dissipation path. The constant pressure preload section 133 can adopt a disc spring assembly, wave spring, or constant force spring, which applies an approximately stable clamping force to the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141 through the pressure plate, thereby reducing the impact of temperature cycling on energy dissipation performance.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, the drawer-type replaceable damping core 141 can be pulled out from the inside of the tunnel along the guide rail 103. After the inner inspection cover 171 is opened, the multi-temperature zone damping material layer 142, friction plate assembly 151, U-shaped yield steel sheet 152, and threshold shear pin 183 can be directly inspected or replaced. The thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indicator assembly 180 includes an exposed scale window, a maximum displacement holding slider 181, an irreversible temperature indicator 182, and a threshold shear pin 183. The exposed scale window can be divided into a thermal compensation zone, a train vibration zone, and an earthquake energy dissipation zone. The maximum displacement holding slider 181 cooperates with a one-way anti-reverse tooth or ratchet structure to maintain the maximum displacement range previously reached by the energy dissipator.

[0043] In one implementation, the allowable slippage of the thermal compensation slip section is determined based on the operating conditions: the segment ring width is 1.5~2m, the operating temperature difference is considered to be 30~40℃, and the linear expansion coefficient of concrete is approximately 1×10⁻ 5The design temperature is / ℃, and the cumulative deformation of the joints is taken into account, with an allowable slippage of ±2mm. The maximum design deformation of the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component 140 is designed to be ±0.5mm based on the long-term vibration amplitude of the train. This maximum design deformation is determined by the material thickness and shear area of ​​the damping core according to the design. The trigger displacement of the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component 150 is set to 5~10mm, which is greater than the sum of the allowable slippage and the maximum design deformation, with a safety margin. The maximum relative displacement limited by the limiting component 160 is set to 15~20mm. In high-temperature operating sections, the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component 140 can be configured with multi-temperature zone damping materials in parallel or in layers. A heat-resistant damping sheet is installed on the side near the tunnel segment, and a normal-temperature high-loss damping sheet is installed on the side near the inner side of the tunnel. The two are connected by a clamping plate and a pre-compression pad to form a replaceable damping core. When the tunnel temperature is within the normal range, the normal-temperature high-loss damping sheet provides the main vibration energy dissipation; when the temperature rises, the heat-resistant damping sheet maintains the basic damping capacity to avoid rapid decay of vibration reduction performance.

[0044] In areas near faults or in high-intensity earthquake fortification zones, the large-displacement seismic energy dissipation component 150 can employ a combination of SMA springs and yield steel sheets. The SMA springs provide recoverable deformation capacity, while the yield steel sheets act as sacrificial energy dissipation components to absorb seismic energy. After an earthquake, if the exposed scale window indicates that the energy dissipator has entered the seismic energy dissipation zone, maintenance personnel can open the removable protection and heat dissipation component 170 to inspect and replace the yield steel sheets and the threshold shear pin 183 damping core, without needing to remove the first anchoring component 110 and the second anchoring component 120.

[0045] In other embodiments, the thermal compensation sliding part may also adopt a structure in which the sliding seat and the slide rail cooperate; the constant pressure pre-tightening part 133 may also adopt an elastic pre-compression pad; the low amplitude vibration energy dissipation component 140 may also adopt a viscoelastic shear pad, a rubber-metal laminate, or a polyurethane damping sheet; the large displacement seismic energy dissipation component 150 may also adopt an arc-shaped yield steel sheet, a shape memory alloy wire bundle, or a shear yield pin; the limiting component 160 may adopt a limiting block, a limiting pin, a limiting shoulder, a buffer pad, or a replaceable limiting pad; the detachable protection and heat dissipation component 170 may also include a waterproof sealing ring, a protective cover, or a heat-conducting cover plate; the installation position and function of the above alternative structures are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments.

[0046] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator, installed at the segment joint (30) on a segment ring liner (10), the segment ring liner (10) comprising a first segment, a first ring, a second segment, and a second ring; characterized in that: Including a thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator (100), the thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator (100) has: The first anchoring component (110) is used to fix the first segment or the first tube ring; The second anchoring component (120) is used to fix the second segment or the second ring; A low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140) is disposed between the first anchoring component (110) and the second anchoring component (120) for dissipating energy within the first relative displacement range caused by train running vibration; Large displacement seismic energy dissipation component (150) is used to dissipate energy through friction, yielding or hyperelastic deformation after the relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement threshold. A detachable protective and heat dissipation assembly (170) is used to cover the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation assembly (140) and the large-displacement earthquake energy dissipation assembly (150). A limiting component (160) is used to limit the maximum relative displacement between the first anchoring component (110) and the second anchoring component (120); A thermal compensation decoupling component (130) is provided between the first anchoring component (110) or the second anchoring component (120) and the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140). The thermal compensation decoupling component (130) includes a thermal compensation sliding part and a constant pressure pre-tightening part (133). The thermal compensation sliding part is used to absorb the slow relative displacement generated by the segment joint (30) under the train thermal load or operating temperature cycle. The constant pressure pre-tightening part (133) is used to maintain the clamping force of the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140) within the range of slow relative displacement. The triggering displacement of the large displacement seismic energy dissipation component (150) is greater than the sum of the allowable sliding amount of the thermal compensation sliding part and the maximum design deformation of the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140).

2. The thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal compensation sliding part includes at least one of an elongated hole (131), a sliding pin, a low-friction liner (132), or a sliding seat.

3. The thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant pressure preload part (133) includes at least one of a disc spring assembly, a wave spring, a constant force spring sheet, or an elastic preload pad.

4. The thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140) includes at least one of a viscoelastic shear pad, a rubber-metal laminate, a polyurethane damping sheet, or a multilayer thin-film shear energy dissipation core.

5. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140) includes at least two damping material layers with different applicable temperature ranges, and the damping material layers are arranged in parallel or stacked.

6. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal vibration coupling energy dissipator (100) has an energy dissipation box, and the low-amplitude vibration energy dissipation component (140) is a drawer-type replaceable damping core (141), which is fixed in the energy dissipation box by a limiting buckle or bolt.

7. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large displacement seismic energy dissipation component (150) includes at least one of the following: friction plate assembly (151), U-shaped yield steel sheet (152), arc-shaped yield steel sheet, SMA spring, SMA wire bundle or shear yield pin.

8. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component (160) includes at least one of a limiting block, a limiting pin, a limiting shoulder, a buffer pad, or a replaceable limiting pad.

9. A thermally and vibrationally coupled replaceable hierarchical energy dissipation device according to claim 1, wherein: The removable protection and heat dissipation assembly (170) includes at least one of the following: an inner access cover (171), a waterproof sealing ring, a protective cover, a heat-conducting cover plate, a heat-conducting pad (134), or a heat dissipation channel (172).

10. A thermal vibration coupling replaceable graded energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a thermal-displacement dual-state mechanical indicator assembly (180), which includes an exposed scale window and at least one of a maximum displacement holding slider (181), an irreversible temperature indicator (182), or a threshold shear pin (183), wherein the exposed scale window marks the thermal compensation zone, the train vibration zone, and the earthquake energy dissipation zone.

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