A high-efficiency ventilation and air exchange device for building interiors

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of indoor ventilation equipment technology, specifically a high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings. It includes an outer wall sleeve, an inner wall sleeve, and an exhaust component. The outer wall sleeve is inserted into and slidably connected to the inner wall sleeve. The exhaust component includes a mounting sleeve and a fan. A baffle is installed at the outer end of the mounting sleeve, and several lugs are fixed inside the mounting sleeve. The lugs are connected to a fixing ring by bolts. By removing the bolts fixing the lugs, the exhaust component can be removed from the outer wall sleeve. This high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device, through the sliding connection between the exhaust component and the inner sleeve, the bolt connection between the lugs and the fixing ring, and the assembly structure of the mounting sleeve and the fan, allows for easy removal of the exhaust component from the outer shell when dust accumulates after long-term use, without disassembling the entire outer shell. This simplifies cleaning operations, enabling the removal of dust from core components and crevices, and facilitating regular maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of indoor ventilation equipment technology, specifically a high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Indoor ventilation is crucial for maintaining a comfortable living environment. It promotes air circulation, removing carbon dioxide and odors produced by human activity and cooking, while introducing fresh outdoor air to improve indoor air quality. Furthermore, proper ventilation regulates indoor humidity, reduces the risk of mold growth, and creates a healthy and refreshing indoor space—a fundamental requirement for ensuring a comfortable living experience in modern buildings.

[0003] Utility model patent CN222650211U discloses a novel indoor ventilation fan. This novel indoor ventilation fan includes a base shell, a fan grille, and an exhaust device. The base shell defines an air outlet cavity, and the exhaust device is installed within the air outlet cavity. The front end of the base shell has an air inlet communicating with the air outlet cavity, and the side or back of the base shell has an air outlet. The fan grille covers the front end of the base shell and has ventilation grilles corresponding to the air outlets. The exhaust device includes a motor and an impeller. The impeller includes a front blade structure, a blade seat, and a rear blade structure. The front and rear blade structures are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the blade seat. The motor is connected to the blade seat to drive its rotation. This indoor ventilation fan has a front blade structure and a rear blade structure. The front blade structure enables the extraction and circulation of indoor air, while the rear blade structure provides cooling for the motor, solving the problem of heat accumulation during motor operation.

[0004] After long-term use, dust easily adheres to the air filter, the inner wall of the air chamber, and the surface of the impeller of this new type of indoor ventilation fan. However, it is necessary to disassemble multiple parts such as the air filter and the bottom shell to clean the air chamber and the impeller. Moreover, the one-piece molded impeller makes it difficult to thoroughly clean the dust accumulated in the gaps. At the same time, the electrical components must be avoided during cleaning, which makes the dust cleaning operation cumbersome and incomplete. In view of this, we propose a high-efficiency ventilation device for building interiors. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency ventilation and air exchange device for building interiors to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A high-efficiency ventilation device for building interiors includes an outer wall sleeve installed on the outside of a wall, an inner wall sleeve installed on the inside of the wall, and an exhaust assembly coaxially installed on the inside of the outer wall sleeve. The wall has a through hole adapted to the inner wall sleeve. The inner wall sleeve is inserted into the through hole from the inside of the wall, and the outer wall sleeve is inserted into the inner wall sleeve from the outside of the wall and slidably connected to it. An inner spacer is coaxially provided inside the outer wall sleeve. A first protruding edge is fixed to the outer periphery of the outer end of the inner spacer and is fixedly connected to the outer wall sleeve. Several fixing rings are fixed between the inner ends of the outer wall sleeve and the inner end of the inner spacer. A second protruding edge is provided at the outer periphery of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve, and several protruding plates are provided at the inner edge of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve. The protruding plates are connected to the fixing rings by bolts. The design of inserting the outer wall sleeve into the inner wall sleeve allows the outer and inner wall sleeves to be suitable for walls of different thicknesses. The exhaust assembly includes an installation sleeve inserted into the inner wall and slidably connected to the inner wall sleeve, and a fan coaxially disposed in the installation sleeve. A baffle is installed at the outer end of the installation sleeve, and several protruding lugs are fixed at the outer periphery of the inner end of the installation sleeve. The lugs are connected to a fixing ring by bolts. The exhaust assembly can be removed from the outer wall sleeve by removing the bolts that fix the lugs.

[0007] Preferably, the outer wall sleeve has a hollow cylindrical structure that is open at both ends, the first convex edge has an annular plate structure, the outer diameter of the first convex edge is larger than the outer diameter of the outer wall sleeve, the first convex edge abuts against the outer surface of the wall, the outer diameter of the second convex edge is larger than the outer diameter of the inner wall sleeve, and the second convex edge abuts against the inner surface of the wall. In this design, the hollow cylindrical structure ensures airflow, while the annular plate-shaped first and second convex edges limit the movement from both sides of the wall, enhancing installation stability and reducing the entry of impurities by blocking gaps.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing ring has an annular structure and is tightly welded in the space formed between the inner end of the outer wall sleeve and the inner end of the inner partition sleeve, and the bolts connecting the convex plate and the bolts connecting the lug are staggered on the fixing ring. In this design, the annular fixing ring enhances the connection strength between the outer wall sleeve and the inner spacer, while the staggered bolts prevent mutual interference and also prevent local stress concentration in the fixing ring.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of the convex plates are arranged in a circular array at the inner edge of the inner end of the second convex edge, with the axis of the inner wall sleeve as the center. The number of convex plates and convex lugs are equal. An clearance groove is formed between two adjacent convex plates. The clearance groove corresponds to the position of the convex lug. The clearance groove is used to allow the convex lug to pass through when installing and removing the exhaust assembly. In this setup, the protruding plates of the ring array ensure uniform force distribution, and the matching number and corresponding positions of the lugs and clearance slots ensure unobstructed installation and removal of the exhaust assembly, simplifying the operation process.

[0010] Preferably, a pair of limiting grooves are symmetrically formed on the inner walls of the left and right sides of the inner spacer with the axis of the inner spacer as the center. The first end of the limiting groove is closed and the tail end of the limiting groove is connected to the inner end of the inner spacer. Two limiting protrusions are symmetrically formed on the left and right sides of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting sleeve. The two limiting protrusions extend into the two limiting grooves respectively. The limiting grooves are used to prevent the mounting sleeve from shifting circumferentially. In this configuration, the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove cooperate to restrict the circumferential rotation of the mounting sleeve, and the closed end of the limiting groove can control the insertion depth of the mounting sleeve to ensure stable operation of the fan.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of louvers are fixed on the inner surface of the outer end of the mounting sleeve. The louvers are horizontally inclined and their inclination direction gradually rises from the outer end of the mounting sleeve toward the inner end of the mounting sleeve. In this setup, the horizontally tilted louvers prevent outdoor rainwater from entering the mounting housing without affecting airflow, thus protecting the fan from rain damage.

[0012] Preferably, a cross-shaped mounting bracket is coaxially mounted inside the mounting sleeve, the fan is mounted on the outer end face of the mounting bracket, the end of the bracket rod of the mounting bracket is provided with a protruding rod, the protruding rod is mounted on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve by bolts, and a tie rod is fixed on the end face of the mounting bracket near the inner side of the wall. In this setup, the cross-shaped mounting bracket reduces airflow obstruction, the protruding rod enhances the connection stability between the mounting bracket and the mounting sleeve, and the pull rod facilitates the removal of the mounting bracket and the fan, making cleaning and maintenance easier.

[0013] Preferably, the inner end surface of the second convex edge is provided with an annular outer convex sleeve, the outer peripheral surface of the outer convex sleeve is threaded and threadedly connected to an end cap, and a handle is installed on the tail end face of the end cap. The end cap is used to close the inner end of the inner wall sleeve when the exhaust assembly is not in use. In this setup, the outer sleeve provides the mounting base for the end cap, the threaded connection facilitates the opening and closing of the end cap, the handle makes lifting and operation convenient, and the end cap's inner wall sleeve prevents dust from entering when the device is not in use.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This high-efficiency indoor ventilation system for buildings utilizes a sliding connection between the exhaust component and the inner sleeve, a bolt connection between the lug and the fixing ring, and an assembly structure between the mounting sleeve and the fan. This allows the exhaust component to be removed simply by unscrewing the corresponding bolts when dust accumulates on the device after long-term use, without disassembling the entire outer shell. The fan and mounting sleeve can also be separated for cleaning, simplifying the cleaning process and enabling the removal of dust from core components and crevices, thus facilitating regular maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a sectional view of the exterior wall sleeve in this utility model; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the inner wall sleeve in this utility model; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the exhaust assembly in this utility model; The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 100. Exterior wall sleeve; 110. Inner spacer sleeve; 111. Limiting groove; 120. First protruding edge; 130. Fixing ring; 200. Inner wall sleeve; 210. Second protruding edge; 211. Protruding plate; 212. Clearance groove; 213. Outer protruding sleeve; 214. Protective net; 220. End cap; 221. Handle; 300. Exhaust assembly; 310. Mounting sleeve; 311. Lug; 312. Louver; 313. Baffle; 314. Limiting post; 320. Fan; 321. Mounting bracket; 322. Protruding rod; 323. Tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-6A high-efficiency indoor ventilation device for buildings includes an outer wall sleeve 100 installed on the outside of a wall, an inner wall sleeve 200 installed on the inside of the wall, and an exhaust assembly 300 coaxially installed inside the outer wall sleeve 100. A through hole adapted to the inner wall sleeve 200 is provided in the wall. The inner wall sleeve 200 is inserted into the through hole from the inside of the wall, and the outer wall sleeve 100 is inserted into the inner wall sleeve 200 from the outside of the wall and slidably connected to it. Through the sliding engagement of the outer wall sleeve 100 and the inner wall sleeve 200, the overlap length of the two can be adjusted according to the actual thickness of the wall, providing adaptability for installation on walls of different thicknesses. Simultaneously, the coaxial installation of the two ensures smooth ventilation channels and reduces airflow resistance.

[0019] like Figures 1-5As shown, in this utility model, an inner spacer 110 is coaxially provided inside the outer wall sleeve 100. The inner spacer 110 forms an independent installation space inside the outer wall sleeve 100, providing a stable installation carrier for the exhaust assembly 300, while avoiding wear caused by direct contact between the exhaust assembly 300 and the outer wall sleeve 100. A first protruding edge 120 is fixed at the outer peripheral edge of the outer end of the inner spacer 110. The first protruding edge 120 is fixedly connected to the outer wall sleeve 100. The first protruding edge 120 can shield the outside of the wall, reducing the entry of external dust and rainwater through the gap between the outer wall sleeve 100 and the wall. The device is installed inside the wall sleeve 100 and can also serve as a positioning reference during the installation of the wall sleeve 100, ensuring the accuracy of the installation position of the wall sleeve 100. Several fixing rings 130 are fixed between the inner ends of the wall sleeve 100 and the inner spacer 110. The fixing rings 130 are annular and tightly welded in the space formed between the inner ends of the wall sleeve 100 and the inner spacer 110. The fixing rings 130 can enhance the stability of the connection between the wall sleeve 100 and the inner spacer 110, avoid relative displacement between the two during long-term use, and provide a reliable support structure for the subsequent connection of the convex plate 211 and the lug 311. A second protruding edge 210 is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve 200. The second protruding edge 210 can abut against the inner surface of the wall, and together with the first protruding edge 120, it realizes bidirectional limiting of the device on both sides of the wall, preventing the device from shifting inward or outward, and improving the stability of the device after installation. Several protruding plates 211 are provided at the inner edge of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve 200. The protruding plates 211 are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the inner wall sleeve 200 at the inner edge of the inner end of the second protruding edge 210. The protruding plates 211 are connected to the fixing ring 130 by bolts. The ring array of protruding plates 211 can evenly distribute the connection force between the inner wall sleeve 200 and the fixing ring 130. To avoid excessive local stress that could damage the structure, the bolt connection method facilitates subsequent adjustments and re-fixing based on wall thickness, while also simplifying disassembly and maintenance. A protective net 214 is installed at the inner end of the inner wall sleeve 200, and is bolted to the protruding plate 211. The protective net 214 prevents large foreign objects from entering the inner wall sleeve 200, avoiding entanglement or blockage of the exhaust assembly 300, ensuring its normal operation. The bolt fixing method also facilitates the disassembly and cleaning of the protective net 214. The design of the outer wall sleeve 100 inserting into the inner wall sleeve 200 allows both the outer wall sleeve 100 and the inner wall sleeve 200 to be suitable for walls of different thicknesses.

[0020] like Figure 3As shown, specifically, the exterior wall sleeve 100 has a hollow cylindrical structure that is open at both ends. This open-ended hollow structure ensures smooth airflow, providing a channel for indoor and outdoor ventilation. The cylindrical structure also facilitates manufacturing and reduces air turbulence during airflow, thus lowering ventilation noise. The first protruding edge 120 has an annular plate-like structure. The outer diameter of the first protruding edge 120 is larger than the outer diameter of the exterior wall sleeve 100. The first protruding edge 120 abuts against the outer surface of the wall. The larger outer diameter allows the first protruding edge 120 to completely cover the contact area between the exterior wall sleeve 100 and the wall, enhancing the sealing effect. As a result, it reduces the entry of external impurities; the design of abutting against the outer side of the wall further strengthens the installation positioning of the device and prevents the outer wall sleeve 100 from being excessively inserted into the inner wall sleeve 200; the outer diameter of the second protruding edge 210 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner wall sleeve 200, and the second protruding edge 210 abuts against the inner surface of the wall. The larger outer diameter allows the second protruding edge 210 to cover the contact area between the inner wall sleeve 200 and the wall, and together with the first protruding edge 120, it forms a clamping effect on the wall, improving the overall installation stability of the device, while covering the gap between the inner wall sleeve 200 and the wall, improving the indoor aesthetics.

[0021] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the exhaust assembly 300 further includes a mounting sleeve 310 inserted into the inner sleeve 110 from the inside of the wall and slidably connected to the inner sleeve 110, and a fan 320 coaxially disposed within the mounting sleeve 310. The slidable connection between the mounting sleeve 310 and the inner sleeve 110 facilitates the complete removal of the exhaust assembly 300, making subsequent cleaning or maintenance convenient. The coaxially disposed fan 320 ensures that the airflow flows along the axis of the mounting sleeve 310, improving ventilation efficiency. Several protruding lugs 311 are fixed at the outer periphery of the inner end of the mounting sleeve 310. The lugs 311 are connected to the fixing ring 130 by bolts, providing a connection between the mounting sleeve 310 and the fixing ring 130. The bolted connection at the stress point allows the mounting sleeve 310 to be stably fixed within the inner spacer 110, while also facilitating disassembly to remove the exhaust assembly 300. The bolts connecting the convex plate 211 and the bolts connecting the lug 311 are staggered on the fixing ring 130. This staggered distribution of bolts avoids stress concentration at the same location on the fixing ring 130 and prevents interference between bolts, ensuring the stability of their respective connections. By removing the bolts fixing the lug 311, the exhaust assembly 300 can be removed from the outer wall sleeve 100. This design allows the exhaust assembly 300 to be disassembled without disassembling other parts of the device, reducing the difficulty of maintenance operations and facilitating regular cleaning or component replacement of the exhaust assembly 300. The number of protruding plates 211 and the number of protruding ears 311 are equal. A clearance groove 212 is formed between two adjacent protruding plates 211. The clearance groove 212 corresponds to the position of the protruding ears 311. The clearance groove 212 is used to allow the protruding ears 311 to pass through when installing and disassembling the exhaust assembly 300. The design of equal number and corresponding position allows the protruding ears 311 to pass smoothly through the clearance groove 212, avoiding the protruding plates 211 from obstructing the installation and disassembly of the exhaust assembly 300, and simplifying the disassembly and assembly process of the exhaust assembly 300.

[0022] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in addition, a pair of limiting grooves 111 are symmetrically opened on the inner walls of the left and right sides of the inner spacer 110 with the axis of the inner spacer 110 as the center. The first end of the limiting groove 111 is closed and the tail end of the limiting groove 111 is connected to the inner end of the inner spacer 110. Two limiting protrusions 314 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting sleeve 310. The two limiting protrusions 314 extend into the two limiting grooves 111 respectively. The cooperation between the limiting protrusions 314 and the limiting grooves 111 can restrict the circumferential rotation of the mounting sleeve 310, prevent the mounting sleeve 310 from shifting circumferentially during the operation of the fan 320, and ensure the stability of the operation of the fan 320. At the same time, the closed first end can limit the insertion depth of the mounting sleeve 310 to prevent the mounting sleeve 310 from being over-inserted into the inner spacer 110. The limiting grooves 111 are used to prevent the mounting sleeve 310 from shifting circumferentially.

[0023] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, it is worth noting that a baffle 313 is installed at the outer end of the mounting sleeve 310. The baffle 313 can block foreign objects from entering the interior of the mounting sleeve 310, preventing foreign objects from damaging the fan 320 or affecting airflow. At the same time, it can reduce outdoor dust entering the room and reduce the indoor cleaning burden. Several louvers 312 are fixed on the inner surface of the outer end of the mounting sleeve 310. The louvers 312 are horizontally inclined, and their inclination direction gradually rises from the outer end of the mounting sleeve 310 towards the inner end of the mounting sleeve 310. The horizontally inclined and gradually rising louvers 312 can ensure normal airflow while blocking rainwater from entering the interior from the outer end of the mounting sleeve 310, preventing rainwater from damaging the fan 320 and improving the waterproof performance of the device.

[0024] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, it is worth noting that a cross-shaped mounting bracket 321 is coaxially mounted inside the mounting sleeve 310. The cross-shaped mounting bracket 321, while ensuring stable support for the fan 320, reduces airflow obstruction, lowers ventilation resistance, and ensures ventilation efficiency. The fan 320 is mounted on the outer end face of the mounting bracket 321. This mounting position allows the fan 320 to be closer to the outer end of the mounting sleeve 310, facilitating the intake of outdoor air into the room or the exhaust of indoor air into the room, thus improving airflow guidance. The end of the bracket rod of the mounting bracket 321 is provided with a protruding rod 322, which... The mounting bracket 321 is bolted to the inner wall of the mounting sleeve 310. The protruding rod 322 increases the contact area between the mounting bracket 321 and the inner wall of the mounting sleeve 310. The bolt connection enhances the stability of the mounting bracket 321 and prevents it from loosening during the operation of the fan 320. A pull rod 323 is fixed on the end face of the mounting bracket 321 near the inner side of the wall. The pull rod 323 provides a force point for disassembling the mounting bracket 321. When it is necessary to clean or repair the fan 320, the mounting bracket 321 and the fan 320 can be removed together by pulling the pull rod 323, simplifying the operation process.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 and Figure 5As shown, it should be added that the inner end surface of the second convex edge 210 is provided with an annular outer convex sleeve 213. The outer convex sleeve 213 provides a connecting carrier for the installation of the end cover 220. The annular structure can ensure the coaxiality of the end cover 220 after installation, and avoid the end cover 220 from being misaligned, which would lead to poor sealing. The outer peripheral surface of the outer convex sleeve 213 is threaded and threadedly connected to the end cover 220. The threaded connection facilitates the opening and closing of the end cover 220, and at the same time ensures the sealing of the connection between the end cover 220 and the outer convex sleeve 213, reducing dust. It enters through the gap; a handle 221 is installed on the tail end face of the end cap 220. The handle 221 provides a convenient force application part for rotating the end cap 220, making it convenient for users to manually twist the end cap 220 without the need for additional tools; the end cap 220 is used to close the inner end of the inner wall sleeve 200 when the exhaust component 300 is not in use. The closed design can prevent indoor dust from entering the inner wall sleeve 200 and the installation sleeve 310 when the exhaust component 300 is idle, and at the same time prevent external insects and other objects from entering the device, ensuring the cleanliness of the inside of the device.

[0026] It is worth noting that the fan 320 involved in this utility model is existing conventional technology, and will not be described in detail here.

[0027] In this embodiment of the high-efficiency indoor ventilation device, the following steps are taken: First, adjust the depth of the outer wall sleeve 100 inserted into the inner wall sleeve 200 according to the wall thickness, so that the first protruding edge 120 abuts against the outer side of the wall and the second protruding edge 210 abuts against the inner side of the wall. Then, connect and fix the protruding plate 211 to the fixing ring 130 with bolts to complete the installation of the main body of the device on the wall. Next, align the limiting protrusion 314 on the mounting sleeve 310 with the limiting groove 111 of the inner partition sleeve 110, and insert the exhaust assembly 300 into the inner partition sleeve 110 from the inside of the wall. After the lug 311 passes through the clearance groove 212, connect the lug 311 to the fixing ring 130 with bolts to complete the installation of the exhaust assembly 300. Then, if ventilation is required, open the end cover 220 and start the fan 320. Outside air is filtered by the baffle 313 and blocked by the louvers 312 before entering the room through the mounting sleeve 310. Alternatively, indoor air is filtered by the protective net 214 and exhausted to the outside through the mounting sleeve 310, thus achieving indoor and outdoor ventilation. Finally, if cleaning is required after long-term use, turn off the fan 320, remove the bolts on the lug 311, and remove the exhaust assembly 300 from the inner sleeve 110 using the pull rod 323. Clean the baffle 313, louvers 312, fan 320, and the inside of the mounting sleeve 310. The protective net 214 can also be removed for cleaning. After cleaning, reinstall the assembly in reverse order. If the exhaust assembly 300 is not in use, turn off the fan 320 and unscrew the end cap 220 to seal the inner end of the inner wall sleeve 200, preventing dust from entering.

[0028] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings, characterized in that: The device includes an outer wall sleeve (100) installed on the outside of the wall, an inner wall sleeve (200) installed on the inside of the wall, and an exhaust assembly (300) coaxially installed inside the outer wall sleeve (100). The wall has a through hole adapted to the inner wall sleeve (200). The inner wall sleeve (200) is inserted into the through hole from the inside of the wall. The outer wall sleeve (100) is inserted into the inner wall sleeve (200) from the outside of the wall and is slidably connected to the inner wall sleeve (200). An inner spacer (110) is coaxially provided inside the outer wall sleeve (100). A first protruding edge (120) is fixed at the outer peripheral edge of the outer end of the inner spacer (110). The first protruding edge (120) is fixedly connected to the outer wall sleeve (100). Several fixing rings (130) are fixed between the outer wall sleeve (100) and the inner end of the inner spacer (110). A second protruding edge (210) is provided at the outer periphery of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve (200). Several protruding plates (211) are provided at the inner side edge of the inner end of the inner wall sleeve (200). The protruding plates (211) are connected to the fixing rings (130) by bolts. The design of inserting the outer wall sleeve (100) into the inner wall sleeve (200) makes the outer wall sleeve (100) and the inner wall sleeve (200) suitable for walls of different thicknesses. The exhaust assembly (300) includes an installation sleeve (310) inserted into the inner sleeve (110) from the inside of the wall and slidably connected to the inner sleeve (110) and a fan (320) coaxially disposed in the installation sleeve (310). A baffle (313) is installed at the outer end of the installation sleeve (310). Several protruding lugs (311) are fixed at the outer periphery of the inner end of the installation sleeve (310). The lugs (311) are connected to the fixing ring (130) by bolts. The exhaust assembly (300) can be removed from the outer wall sleeve (100) by removing the bolts fixing the lugs (311).

2. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall sleeve (100) has a hollow cylindrical structure with open ends. The first protruding edge (120) has an annular plate structure. The outer diameter of the first protruding edge (120) is larger than the outer diameter of the outer wall sleeve (100). The first protruding edge (120) abuts against the outer surface of the wall. The outer diameter of the second protruding edge (210) is larger than the outer diameter of the inner wall sleeve (200). The second protruding edge (210) abuts against the inner surface of the wall.

3. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (130) has an annular structure and is tightly welded in the space formed between the inner end of the outer wall sleeve (100) and the inner end of the inner spacer (110). The bolts connecting the convex plate (211) and the bolts connecting the lug (311) are staggered on the fixing ring (130).

4. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several of the aforementioned protruding plates (211) are arranged in a ring array at the inner edge of the inner end of the second protruding edge (210) with the axis of the inner wall sleeve (200) as the center. The number of protruding plates (211) and lugs (311) are equal. A clearance groove (212) is formed between two adjacent protruding plates (211). The clearance groove (212) corresponds to the position of the lugs (311). The clearance groove (212) is used to allow the lugs (311) to pass through when installing and removing the exhaust assembly (300).

5. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of limiting grooves (111) are symmetrically provided on the inner walls of the left and right sides of the inner spacer (110) with the axis of the inner spacer (110) as the center. The first end of the limiting groove (111) is closed and the tail end of the limiting groove (111) is connected to the inner end of the inner spacer (110). Two limiting protrusions (314) are symmetrically provided on the left and right sides of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting sleeve (310). The two limiting protrusions (314) extend into the two limiting grooves (111) respectively. The limiting grooves (111) are used to prevent the mounting sleeve (310) from circumferentially shifting.

6. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A number of louvers (312) are fixed on the inner surface of the outer end of the mounting sleeve (310). The louvers (312) are horizontally inclined, and their inclination direction gradually rises from the outer end of the mounting sleeve (310) toward the inner end of the mounting sleeve (310).

7. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cross-shaped mounting bracket (321) is coaxially mounted inside the mounting sleeve (310). The fan (320) is mounted on the outer end face of the mounting bracket (321). The end of the frame rod of the mounting bracket (321) is provided with a protruding rod (322). The protruding rod (322) is installed on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve (310) by bolts. A tie rod (323) is fixed on the end face of the mounting bracket (321) near the inner side of the wall.

8. The high-efficiency indoor ventilation and air exchange device for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner end surface of the second protruding edge (210) is provided with an annular outer protruding sleeve (213). The outer peripheral surface of the outer protruding sleeve (213) is threaded and threadedly connected to an end cap (220). A handle (221) is installed on the tail end face of the end cap (220). The end cap (220) is used to close the inner end of the inner wall sleeve (200) when the exhaust assembly (300) is not in use.

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