A fault arc detector

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of arc detector technology, and more particularly to a fault arc detector. Its technical solution includes a global power supply module, a microcontroller module, a communication and function upgrade module, and an information interaction module. The global power supply module has an AC power input terminal and integrates an AC-to-DC conversion unit and an LED voltage regulator unit. The global power supply module converts the input AC power to DC power through the AC-to-DC conversion unit. This utility model's fault arc detector, through architectural optimization and module collaboration, effectively solves the performance bottleneck of traditional detectors in complex electrical environments, significantly improving the accuracy and timeliness of arc fault monitoring, as well as the stability and adaptability of equipment operation, and better meeting the safety monitoring needs of diverse current electrical scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of arc detector technology, and in particular to a fault arc detector. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of electrical safety, arc fault detectors are key devices for preventing electrical fires caused by arc faults. Their core function is to monitor the characteristics of arc signals in circuits in real time and determine the presence of a fault arc through built-in algorithms, thereby triggering early warning or control actions to cut off dangerous circuits. With the continuous increase in the types of electrical equipment and the increasing complexity of power consumption scenarios in China, the manifestations of arc faults in circuits are becoming more diverse, and their characteristic parameters are more difficult to capture, placing higher demands on the signal acquisition accuracy, data processing capabilities, and algorithm execution efficiency of arc fault detectors.

[0003] Traditional arc fault detectors typically employ a single MCU (Microcontroller Unit) as their core processing unit. This single MCU must simultaneously handle the execution of the arc fault detection algorithm, the driving of the human-machine interface, and the execution of various control logic tasks. However, the implementation of the arc fault detection algorithm relies on the analysis and processing of a large amount of sampled data, involving numerous floating-point operations. This not only places a huge demand on the MCU's storage space but also imposes high requirements on its computing power. When faced with diverse arc fault characteristics in complex electrical environments, a single MCU struggles to balance the continuity of data sampling (prone to sampling loss) with the efficiency of algorithm execution, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of arc fault identification and even misjudgment or missed detection.

[0004] To address these shortcomings, some manufacturers have attempted a combined architecture of a dedicated ADC (analog-to-digital converter) acquisition chip and a single MCU, using the dedicated ADC chip to improve the acquisition accuracy of arc signals. However, this architecture still fails to overcome the performance bottleneck of the single MCU—the large amount of raw data acquired by the ADC chip needs to be transmitted to the MCU for subsequent processing, while the high consumption of storage space and computing power by the arc fault detection algorithm remains. This causes the MCU to easily operate at full load during data processing, making it impossible to guarantee the real-time performance of data processing and further optimize the arc fault identification capability, thus failing to meet the electrical safety monitoring needs in complex power consumption scenarios. Therefore, this application proposes an arc fault detector. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of high storage space and computing power consumption in fault arc detection algorithms in the background art, and to propose a fault arc detector.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is: a fault arc detector, comprising a global power supply module, a microcontroller module, a communication and function upgrade module, and an information interaction module;

[0007] The global power supply module is equipped with an AC power input terminal and integrates an AC-to-DC conversion unit and an LED voltage regulator unit. The global power supply module converts the input AC power into DC power through the AC-to-DC conversion unit, and then provides an adaptive working power supply for the microcontroller module, communication and function upgrade module and information interaction module after being regulated by the LED voltage regulator unit.

[0008] The microcontroller module includes a first MCU and a second MCU. The first MCU and the second MCU are bidirectionally connected via an SPI bus. The memory capacity of the first MCU is greater than that of the second MCU. The first MCU is used to continuously sample the arc signal and ensure that the sampled data is not lost, and to perform primary arc feature calculations on the sampled raw data.

[0009] The second MCU is used to receive the primary characteristic data of the electric arc transmitted by the first MCU through the SPI bus, and the second MCU is also configured with an execution program for fault arc judgment logic and control logic to realize fault arc identification and corresponding control command output.

[0010] The communication and function upgrade module is electrically connected to and communicates with the single-chip microcomputer module, and is used to assist in the acquisition of arc signals, realize the networking communication between the detector and external devices, complete the detector program upgrade and the backup of detection data.

[0011] The information interaction module is electrically connected to the microcontroller module and interacts with it via signals. It is used to receive operation commands input by the user and output the real-time working status information of the detector to the user.

[0012] Optionally, the communication and function upgrade module includes an ADC chip, an NB networking unit, a FLASH storage unit, and an RS485 communication unit;

[0013] The ADC chip is electrically connected to the first MCU and is used to assist the first MCU in acquiring arc signals;

[0014] The NB networking unit is connected to the second MCU via a UART bus to enable networking communication between the detector and an external wide area network.

[0015] The FLASH storage unit is connected to the first MCU or the second MCU via the SPI bus and is used to store the detector's program upgrade files and historical detection data.

[0016] The RS485 communication unit is connected to the second MCU via a UART bus to enable bidirectional data transmission between the detector and industrial communication equipment.

[0017] Optionally, the ADC chip and the first MCU can transmit data via an SPI bus or a GPIO interface.

[0018] Optionally, the information interaction module includes a user operation input unit and a status information indication unit; the user operation input unit is electrically connected to the second MCU and interacts with it via a GPIO interface; the status information indication unit is electrically connected to the second MCU and interacts with it via a GPIO interface.

[0019] Optionally, the first MCU is configured with a data buffer to meet the requirement of continuous sampling without data loss.

[0020] Optionally, the second MCU has a built-in fault arc feature database, which is used for fault arc identification by comparing the received primary arc feature data with the feature database.

[0021] Optionally, the NB networking unit has a built-in SIM card slot or eSIM module to access the operator's network and realize remote data transmission.

[0022] Optionally, in the global power supply module, the output DC voltage of the AC-to-DC conversion unit is 5V or 12V, and the LED voltage regulator unit regulates the DC voltage output by the AC-to-DC conversion unit to 3.3V. The 5V or 12V DC voltage supplies power to the high-power unit in the communication and function upgrade module, and the 3.3V DC voltage supplies power to the first MCU, the second MCU, and the information interaction module.

[0023] Optionally, the calculation of the primary characteristics of the electric arc by the first MCU includes the calculation of the effective value of the sampled data, the calculation of the peak value, the calculation of the waveform distortion rate, and the extraction of harmonic components. The first MCU formats the calculated primary characteristics of the electric arc and then transmits them to the second MCU via the SPI bus.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] The system adopts a dual-MCU architecture and is connected via an SPI bus. The first MCU, which has a larger memory capacity, is dedicated to continuous sampling of arc signals and primary feature calculation. With its ample memory and adaptable computing power, it can avoid the loss of sampled data and complete the primary processing of raw data in advance, providing accurate and regular basic data for subsequent fault diagnosis. This solves the problem of discontinuous sampling and delayed data processing caused by the traditional single MCU handling multiple tasks.

[0026] The second MCU focuses on human-machine interaction, fault diagnosis, and control logic execution, without having to undertake data sampling and a large number of primary calculation tasks. It can concentrate computing power to quickly process the primary arc characteristic data transmitted by the first MCU, ensuring timely fault diagnosis response, while stably driving human-machine interaction and control functions. This avoids the problem of fault identification delay and function lag caused by task overload of a single MCU.

[0027] Enhanced signal acquisition accuracy and communication adaptability: In the communication and function upgrade module, the ADC chip assists the first MCU in acquiring arc signals, improving signal acquisition accuracy; the NB networking unit and RS485 communication unit respectively realize bidirectional communication between the detector and external wide area networks and industrial communication equipment, adapting to the networking and data transmission requirements of different application scenarios and broadening the applicability of the detector.

[0028] The FLASH storage unit can store program upgrade files and historical detection data, which not only supports subsequent upgrades and optimizations of the detector program, but also backs up key detection data to avoid data loss. At the same time, it provides data support for fault tracing and improves the long-term stability and maintainability of the detector.

[0029] The global power supply module converts AC power into DC power of different specifications through AC-to-DC conversion unit and LED voltage regulator unit, providing adaptive power for microcontroller module, communication and function upgrade module and information interaction module. This ensures stable power supply for each module and reduces energy consumption through precise power distribution, thereby improving the overall reliability of the detector.

[0030] This utility model's arc fault detector effectively solves the performance bottleneck of traditional detectors in complex electrical environments through architecture optimization and module collaboration. It significantly improves the accuracy and timeliness of arc fault monitoring, as well as the stability and adaptability of equipment operation, and can better meet the safety monitoring needs of diverse electrical scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fault arc detector according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0033] Example

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this utility model proposes a fault arc detector, which will be described in detail below.

[0035] I. Overall Architecture Composition

[0036] This fault arc detector comprises four core modules: a global power supply module, a microcontroller module, a communication and function upgrade module, and an information interaction module. These modules interact and work collaboratively via electrical connections and a communication bus. The specific hardware connections are as follows:

[0037] The power output terminal of the global power supply module is electrically connected to the power input terminals of the microcontroller module, the communication and function upgrade module, and the information interaction module, respectively, to provide adaptive working power for each module;

[0038] The microcontroller module includes a first MCU and a second MCU, which establish a bidirectional communication connection through the SPI bus to realize data transmission;

[0039] Each functional unit (ADC chip, NB networking unit, FLASH storage unit, RS485 communication unit) of the communication and function upgrade module is associated with the first MCU or the second MCU of the microcontroller module through the corresponding communication interface or electrical connection method.

[0040] The user operation input unit and status information indication unit of the information interaction module are electrically connected to the second MCU through the GPIO interface to realize the reception of operation instructions and the output of status information.

[0041] II. Specific Implementation Details of Each Module

[0042] (a) Global power supply module

[0043] Hardware configuration: This module is equipped with an AC power input terminal (compatible with AC 220V household voltage or AC 380V industrial voltage), and internally integrates an AC-to-DC conversion unit (using a flyback switching power supply chip, such as UC3842) and an LED voltage regulator unit (using a low dropout linear regulator LDO, such as AMS1117).

[0044] Power supply logic: AC power is converted to 5V or 12V DC voltage by AC-to-DC conversion unit. This voltage mainly powers the high-power units in the communication and function upgrade module (such as NB networking unit and RS485 communication unit). The 5V or 12V DC voltage is further input to LED voltage regulator unit, and after voltage regulation, it outputs 3.3V DC voltage. This voltage powers the first MCU, the second MCU and the information interaction module (user operation input unit and status information indicator unit), ensuring stable power supply to the low-power module and avoiding the impact of voltage fluctuations.

[0045] (II) Microcontroller Module

[0046] First MCU selection and function implementation:

[0047] Selection: Select a 32-bit MCU (such as STM32F407) with a memory capacity of not less than 256KB and a Flash capacity of not less than 1MB, with a dedicated data buffer (capacity not less than 16KB) and a sampling frequency of 1MHz;

[0048] Data sampling: The system receives the original arc signal transmitted by the current transformer or voltage sensor in the circuit through the GPIO interface, and combines it with the internal timer to trigger continuous sampling. The dedicated data buffer stores the sampled data in real time to ensure no data loss.

[0049] Primary feature calculation: The first MCU processes the sampled data through its built-in program, specifically including:

[0050] RMS value calculation: The RMS value of the arc signal within the sampling period is calculated using the root mean square method;

[0051] Peak value calculation: Iterate through the sampled data to extract the maximum and minimum peak values ​​within the sampling period;

[0052] Waveform distortion rate calculation: The fundamental frequency and harmonics of the signal are decomposed by Fourier transform, and the distortion rate (THD) is calculated.

[0053] Harmonic component extraction: Extract the amplitude and phase of the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics;

[0054] Data transmission: The first MCU encapsulates the calculated primary characteristic data of the electric arc (RMS, peak value, distortion rate, harmonic components) in a preset format (such as JSON format) and transmits it to the second MCU via the SPI bus (communication rate set to 10Mbps).

[0055] Second MCU selection and function implementation:

[0056] Selection: Choose an 8-bit or 32-bit MCU (such as STM32F103) with 128KB of memory and 512KB of Flash memory, which has a built-in fault arc feature database (stores the feature thresholds of different types of fault arcs, such as the effective value range and distortion rate threshold of short-circuit arcs and poor contact arcs).

[0057] Fault diagnosis: After receiving primary feature data via the SPI bus, the second MCU calls the fault diagnosis program to compare the actual feature data with the threshold in the database. If a feature parameter exceeds the threshold range (e.g., distortion rate > 15%), it is determined to be a fault arc.

[0058] Control logic execution: After a fault is detected, the second MCU outputs a control signal through the GPIO interface to trigger an external relay to cut off the fault circuit, and at the same time generates a fault identifier (such as fault type and occurrence time).

[0059] Human-computer interaction driver: The second MCU receives the operation instructions from the information interaction module and synchronously outputs status signals to the status information indication unit to realize the coordination of instruction response and status feedback.

[0060] (III) Communication and Function Upgrade Module

[0061] ADC chip:

[0062] Selection: Use a professional 16-bit resolution ADC chip (such as ADS1115), connect to the first MCU via SPI bus, and set the communication rate to 400kbps;

[0063] Function: Assists the first MCU in acquiring arc signals, performs high-precision analog-to-digital conversion on the original signal and transmits it to the first MCU, making up for the insufficient resolution of the first MCU's built-in ADC and improving the signal acquisition accuracy (error ≤ 0.5%).

[0064] NB networking unit:

[0065] Selection: Use a module that supports the NB-IoT protocol (such as BC95), with a built-in eSIM module, and connect to the second MCU via the UART bus (baud rate set to 9600bps).

[0066] Function: The second MCU transmits fault indicators and real-time operating parameters (such as current sampling frequency and power supply voltage) to the NB networking unit via the UART bus. The module connects to the operator's NB-IoT network and uploads the data to the remote monitoring platform. At the same time, it receives control commands (such as parameter configuration commands) issued by the platform and feeds them back to the second MCU for execution.

[0067] FLASH storage unit: NOR FLASH chip with SPI interface (such as W25Q128), storage capacity of 128MB, erase and write cycles of no less than 100,000;

[0068] The program upgrade is connected to the second MCU via the SPI bus, and stores the program upgrade file sent by the remote platform. The second MCU reads the file during idle periods to complete the program upgrade for itself and the first MCU.

[0069] Data backup: Stores historical detection data (including normal sampling data and fault data). The storage period can be set by the user (e.g., retaining 30 days of data) to facilitate subsequent fault tracing.

[0070] RS485 communication unit: Uses an RS485 transceiver (such as MAX485) and connects to the second MCU via UART bus (baud rate set to 115200bps); realizes bidirectional data transmission between the detector and industrial communication equipment (such as PLC, industrial touch screen). Industrial equipment can read the detector's working status and historical data through the RS485 bus, and can also send control commands (such as reset commands, sampling frequency adjustment commands).

[0071] (iv) Information Interaction Module

[0072] User operation input unit: The hardware uses 3 physical buttons (corresponding to the "Confirm", "Set", and "Reset" functions respectively), which are connected to the second MCU through the GPIO interface; when the user presses a button, the MCU receives the level signal and executes the corresponding operation (such as pressing the "Set" button to enter the sampling frequency adjustment interface).

[0073] Status information indication unit: The hardware uses three multi-color LED indicators (red, green, and yellow), which are connected to the second MCU through the GPIO interface;

[0074] Status indication logic:

[0075] Solid green light: The detector is working normally and there is no fault.

[0076] Yellow flashing (frequency 1Hz): Communication abnormality (such as NB networking failure, no data exchange via RS485);

[0077] Solid red: A fault arc has been detected, and power-off control has been triggered;

[0078] Alternating red and green flashing: Program upgrade in progress, operation prohibited.

[0079] III. Overall Workflow

[0080] Power-on initialization: The global power supply module is connected to the AC power supply, completes AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation, and outputs 3.3V and 5V / 12V voltages to each module; after the first MCU and the second MCU are powered on, they complete initialization (configure SPI and UART interface parameters, load the fault feature database), and the FLASH storage unit reads historical configuration parameters (such as sampling frequency) and feeds them back to the first MCU.

[0081] Data sampling and primary processing: The first MCU continuously acquires the arc signal at a frequency of 1MHz and stores it in a dedicated buffer area. At the same time, it calculates the effective value, peak value, distortion rate and harmonic components in real time. It completes a primary feature calculation and encapsulates the data every 10ms.

[0082] Fault diagnosis and response: The second MCU receives primary characteristic data every 10ms via the SPI bus and compares it with the built-in database threshold. If a fault arc is detected, a control signal is immediately output to cut off the fault circuit. At the same time, a fault identifier (including fault type and time) is generated and uploaded to the remote platform via the NB networking unit. The red LED indicator light stays on.

[0083] Human-machine interaction and communication: Users can adjust parameters (such as setting the sampling frequency) by pressing buttons. After receiving the instruction, the second MCU will synchronously update the sampling configuration of the first MCU. The status indicator unit provides real-time feedback on the working status. If the NB networking fails, the yellow LED will flash, and the second MCU will send a communication error message to the industrial equipment via the RS485 bus.

[0084] Program upgrade and data backup: When the remote platform sends the program upgrade file, the NB networking unit receives the file and stores it in FLASH; the second MCU reads the file when the detector is idle (no fault, no operation) and transmits the upgrade program to the first MCU through the SPI bus. After completion, the green LED flashes 3 times to indicate that the upgrade is successful; historical detection data is stored in FLASH on a daily basis, and the old data is automatically overwritten after the retention period expires.

[0085] This implementation method ensures the reliable realization of continuous sampling, accurate fault diagnosis, stable communication, and human-machine interaction functions of the fault arc detector by clearly defining the hardware selection, interface configuration, and functional logic of each module, and is adapted to the monitoring needs of different power consumption scenarios such as civil and industrial applications.

[0086] This arc fault detector is based on a hardware architecture of dual MCU collaboration and multi-module linkage. Through the orderly connection of four core links—power supply protection, signal acquisition and processing, fault diagnosis, and functional interaction—it achieves accurate monitoring and response to arc faults. The specific working principle is as follows:

[0087] I. Global Power Supply Support Principle

[0088] The global power supply module is the fundamental energy guarantee for the operation of the detector, and its working logic is as follows:

[0089] Power conversion: The module connects to an external AC power source (compatible with civilian or industrial voltages) through the AC power input terminal. The internal AC-to-DC conversion unit (such as a flyback switching power supply) converts the AC power source into 5V or 12V DC voltage, providing a power source for high-power units (NB networking unit, RS485 communication unit) in the communication and function upgrade module.

[0090] Voltage regulation and distribution: 5V or 12V DC voltage is further input to the LED voltage regulator unit (such as a low dropout linear regulator LDO), and after voltage regulation, it outputs a 3.3V DC voltage, which is supplied to the microcontroller module (first MCU, second MCU) and the information interaction module respectively, to ensure stable power supply to the low-power core module and avoid voltage fluctuations from affecting the accuracy of data sampling and logic operation.

[0091] II. Data Acquisition and Processing Principle of Dual MCU Collaboration

[0092] The microcontroller module adopts a division of labor mode of "first MCU sampling and calculation + second MCU judgment and execution", and realizes data interaction through the SPI bus, which solves the performance bottleneck of traditional single MCU. The specific process is as follows:

[0093] First MCU: Continuous Sampling and Primary Feature Calculation

[0094] With its larger memory capacity and adaptive computing power, the first MCU receives the raw arc signal transmitted by the current / voltage sensor in the circuit through the GPIO interface. Combined with the internal dedicated data buffer and sampling frequency of 1MHz or higher, it realizes continuous acquisition of arc signal and ensures no sampling data loss.

[0095] Simultaneously perform primary feature calculations on the collected raw data, including but not limited to calculating the effective value of the signal using the root mean square method, extracting peak values ​​by traversing the data, calculating waveform distortion rate using Fourier transform, and extracting key harmonic components (3rd, 5th, 7th, etc.), transforming the raw data into regularized primary feature data.

[0096] Primary characteristic data is encapsulated in a preset format (such as JSON format) and transmitted in real time to the second MCU via the SPI bus to provide accurate basic data for subsequent fault diagnosis.

[0097] Second MCU: Fault Diagnosis and Function Execution

[0098] The second MCU focuses on receiving the primary feature data transmitted by the first MCU, calling the built-in fault arc feature database (which stores feature thresholds for different fault types such as short-circuit arcs and poor contact arcs; for example, a distortion rate > 15% is considered a fault), comparing the actual feature data with the thresholds, and quickly completing fault arc identification (response time not exceeding 100ms).

[0099] If a fault arc is identified, a control signal is immediately output through the GPIO interface to trigger an external relay to cut off the fault circuit, and a fault identifier containing the fault type and occurrence time is generated at the same time.

[0100] Synchronous drive information interaction module and communication module: output fault signals to status information indication unit (such as controlling the red LED to stay on), transmit fault identifiers to NB networking unit / RS485 communication unit to realize fault early warning and remote reporting; receive instructions from user operation input unit (such as parameter setting, reset), and synchronously update the working configuration of the first MCU (such as adjusting the sampling frequency).

[0101] III. Auxiliary Collaboration Principles of Communication and Function Upgrade Modules

[0102] The communication and function upgrade module enhances the detector's signal acquisition accuracy, networking capabilities, and maintainability through multi-unit linkage. The specific principle is as follows:

[0103] ADC chip-assisted sampling: A professional ADC chip with a resolution of 16 bits or higher is connected to the first MCU via SPI bus or GPIO interface to perform high-precision analog-to-digital conversion on the raw arc signal, making up for the insufficient resolution of the built-in ADC of the first MCU, improving the signal acquisition accuracy (error ≤ 0.5%), and providing more accurate raw data for primary feature calculation;

[0104] Network communication transmission: The NB networking unit connects to the second MCU via the UART bus, and has a built-in SIM card / eSIM module to access the operator's NB-IoT network, enabling remote uploading of fault indicators and operating parameters (such as sampling frequency and power supply voltage), as well as receiving control commands (such as parameter configuration) from the remote monitoring platform; the RS485 communication unit connects to the second MCU via the UART bus, enabling bidirectional data transmission with industrial communication equipment (PLC, industrial touch screen), adapting to the localized monitoring needs of industrial scenarios;

[0105] Program upgrade and data backup: The FLASH storage unit is connected to the second MCU via the SPI bus. On the one hand, it stores the program upgrade file issued by the remote platform. The second MCU reads the file during the detector's idle period (no fault, no operation) and transmits the upgrade program to the first MCU via the SPI bus to complete the dual MCU program optimization. On the other hand, it stores historical detection data (normal sampling data, fault data) and retains the data according to a preset period (such as 30 days) to facilitate fault tracing and equipment maintenance.

[0106] IV. Human-Computer Interaction Principles of the Information Interaction Module

[0107] The information interaction module acts as a bridge between the user and the detector, realizing command reception and status feedback. The specific principle is as follows:

[0108] User operation input: The user operation input unit (physical button or touch unit) is connected to the second MCU through the GPIO interface. When the user presses the "Confirm", "Set", "Reset" or other buttons, the unit outputs the corresponding level signal. After receiving the signal, the second MCU executes the corresponding operation (such as entering the parameter setting interface or resetting the detector).

[0109] Status information output: The status information indicator unit (multi-color LED or segment LCD) is connected to the second MCU through the GPIO interface, receives the status signals (normal operation, fault alarm, communication abnormality, program upgrade, etc.) output by the second MCU, and provides intuitive feedback to the user on the real-time working status of the detector through different colored LEDs that are constantly lit / blinking (e.g., green solid light indicates normal operation, yellow flashing indicates communication abnormality) or LCD display (operating parameters, fault type).

[0110] In summary, this fault arc detector ensures energy supply through a global power supply module, achieves closed-loop sampling, calculation, judgment, and execution through dual MCUs, enhances auxiliary capabilities through communication and functional modules, and enables human-machine interaction through an information interaction module, forming a complete fault arc monitoring and response system. This effectively solves the problems of sampling loss and judgment delay in traditional detectors under complex power environments, and improves monitoring accuracy and equipment reliability.

[0111] The above specific embodiments are merely several optional embodiments of this utility model. Based on the technical solution of this utility model and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A fault arc detector, characterized in that, It includes a global power supply module, a microcontroller module, a communication and function upgrade module, and an information interaction module; The global power supply module is equipped with an AC power input terminal and integrates an AC-to-DC conversion unit and an LED voltage regulator unit. The global power supply module converts the input AC power into DC power through the AC-to-DC conversion unit, and then provides an adaptive working power supply for the microcontroller module, communication and function upgrade module and information interaction module after being regulated by the LED voltage regulator unit. The microcontroller module includes a first MCU and a second MCU. The first MCU and the second MCU are bidirectionally connected via an SPI bus. The memory capacity of the first MCU is greater than that of the second MCU. The first MCU is used to continuously sample the arc signal and ensure that the sampled data is not lost, and to perform primary arc feature calculations on the sampled raw data. The second MCU is used to receive the primary characteristic data of the electric arc transmitted by the first MCU through the SPI bus, and the second MCU is also configured with an execution program for fault arc judgment logic and control logic to realize fault arc identification and corresponding control command output. The communication and function upgrade module is electrically connected to and communicates with the single-chip microcomputer module, and is used to assist in the acquisition of arc signals, realize the networking communication between the detector and external devices, complete the detector program upgrade and the backup of detection data. The information interaction module is electrically connected to the microcontroller module and interacts with it via signals. It is used to receive operation commands input by the user and output the real-time working status information of the detector to the user.

2. The fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication and function upgrade module includes an ADC chip, an NB networking unit, a FLASH storage unit, and an RS485 communication unit. The ADC chip is electrically connected to the first MCU and is used to assist the first MCU in acquiring arc signals; The NB networking unit is connected to the second MCU via a UART bus to enable networking communication between the detector and an external wide area network. The FLASH storage unit is connected to the first MCU or the second MCU via the SPI bus and is used to store the detector's program upgrade files and historical detection data. The RS485 communication unit is connected to the second MCU via a UART bus to enable bidirectional data transmission between the detector and industrial communication equipment.

3. The fault arc detector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ADC chip and the first MCU transmit data via SPI bus or GPIO interface.

4. The fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information interaction module includes a user operation input unit and a status information indication unit; the user operation input unit is electrically connected to the second MCU and interacts with it via a GPIO interface; the status information indication unit is electrically connected to the second MCU and interacts with it via a GPIO interface.

5. A fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first MCU has an internal data buffer.

6. A fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second MCU has a built-in fault arc feature database, which is used for fault arc identification by comparing the received primary arc feature data with the feature database.

7. A fault arc detector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The NB networking unit has a built-in SIM card slot or eSIM module, which connects to the operator's network to achieve remote data transmission.

8. A fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the global power supply module, the output DC voltage of the AC-to-DC conversion unit is 5V or 12V, and the LED voltage regulator unit regulates the DC voltage output by the AC-to-DC conversion unit to 3.3V. The 5V or 12V DC voltage supplies power to the high-power unit in the communication and function upgrade module, and the 3.3V DC voltage supplies power to the first MCU, the second MCU and the information interaction module.

9. A fault arc detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the primary characteristics of the electric arc by the first MCU includes the calculation of the effective value of the sampled data, the calculation of the peak value, the calculation of the waveform distortion rate, and the extraction of harmonic components. After the first MCU formats the calculated primary characteristics of the electric arc, it transmits them to the second MCU via the SPI bus.

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