Capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on digital experiment platform

Abstract

This utility model discloses a capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform, belonging to the technical field of capacitor charging and discharging teaching demonstrators. This novel capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator adds two terminal blocks to the traditional circuit. During the experiment, when a more intuitive observation of the capacitor's charging and discharging process is needed, the two plugs can be directly inserted into the two terminal blocks, connecting the current sensor in series with the circuit. This enables connection to the digital platform, displaying the changes in current in the circuit as digital signals on the screen. Using a large screen to display the capacitor's charging and discharging images effectively improves the demonstration effect. The design is scientifically sound, easy to operate, and highly practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of capacitor charging and discharging teaching demonstrators, specifically a capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform. Background Technology

[0002] Capacitors store electrical energy; when charged, they store energy, and when discharged, they can supply power. A capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator is a device used in high school physics experiments to explore the charging and discharging process and characteristics of capacitors. It can be connected to an experimental system. It demonstrates the charging and discharging process of a capacitor in practical applications, helping students understand the performance parameters of capacitors, such as charging and discharging time, and the curves of current and voltage changes during the process.

[0003] Traditional capacitor charging and discharging demonstration devices suffer from limitations: the charging and discharging times are too short and difficult to observe during experiments; furthermore, the large instantaneous current during charging and discharging can easily damage sensitive galvanometers. Textbooks often simply state the conclusion with phrases like "experiments show," which lacks intuitiveness for teaching capacitors and cannot be integrated with digital information systems (DIS) to switch to DIS mode.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the experimental effect of traditional capacitor charging and discharging demonstrators, we have improved the traditional demonstrators based on years of teaching experience. We have added a current sensor data acquisition port to enable it to connect with the inquiry experiment platform and present it as a digital inquiry experiment. This allows the demonstrator's experimental mode to be switched instantly. It can be used for standalone demonstrations or connected to the digital inquiry experiment platform, expanding visibility and making the effect more obvious. It also has the advantages of being intuitive and easy to operate. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform includes a power supply, a single-pole double-throw switch, an ammeter, a resistor, a voltmeter, and a capacitor. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the charging terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch, the moving contact of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the positive terminal of the ammeter, the negative terminal of the ammeter is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor, the negative terminal of the capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the resistor, the negative terminal of the resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the discharging terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the voltmeter is connected in parallel with the capacitor. It also includes a first terminal block, a second terminal block, a digital platform, and two plugs connected to the digital platform. The first terminal block and the second terminal block are connected in series between the ammeter and the capacitor, and the two plugs can be inserted into the first terminal block and the second terminal block respectively. When no plug is inserted into the first or second terminal block, the ammeter and the capacitor are in a connected state. When plugs are inserted into the first and second terminals respectively, the change in current flowing through the ammeter is converted into a change in digital signal by the digital platform and displayed.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of this utility model: both the first terminal block and the second terminal block include a terminal block housing and pin one and pin two disposed on the terminal block housing. Pin one and pin two are respectively connected to a conductive spring and a fixed conductive sheet inside the terminal block housing. The conductive spring and the fixed conductive sheet are in contact. Pin one of the first terminal block is connected to the negative terminal of the ammeter. Pin two of the first terminal block is connected to pin one of the second terminal block. Pin two of the second terminal block is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor. When the plug is inserted into the first terminal block and the second terminal block, the plug is in contact with the conductive spring and the wire spring is separated from the fixed conductive sheet.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of this utility model: the digital platform includes an ADC chip, a microcontroller, a current sensor, and a display screen. Two plugs are connected in series with the current sensor, the current sensor is electrically connected to the ADC chip, and the microcontroller is electrically connected to both the ADC chip and the display screen.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This new capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator adds two terminals to the traditional circuit. During the experiment, when a more intuitive observation of the capacitor's charging and discharging process is needed, the two plugs can be directly inserted into the two terminals, connecting the current sensor in series with the circuit. This enables the connection with the digital platform, displaying the changes in current in the circuit as digital signals on the screen. By displaying the capacitor's charging and discharging images on a large screen, the demonstration effect of charging and discharging is effectively improved. The design is scientific and reasonable, the operation is convenient, and the practicality is strong. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform according to this utility model. Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure when the plug at the terminal block is not inserted into the terminal block; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure when the plug is inserted into the terminal block of this utility model.

[0011] In the diagram: 1. Power supply; 2. Single-pole double-throw switch; 3. Charging terminal; 4. Discharging terminal; 5. Ammeter; 6. Resistor; 7. Voltmeter; 8. Capacitor; 9. First terminal block; 10. Plug; 11. ADC chip; 12. Microcontroller; 13. Second terminal block; 14. Terminal block housing; 15. Conductive spring; 16. Pin 1; 17. Fixed conductive sheet; 18. Pin 2; 19. Current sensor; 20. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example

[0013] Please see Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides a capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform, including a power supply 1, a single-pole double-throw switch 2, an ammeter 5, a resistor 6, a voltmeter 7, and a capacitor 8. The positive terminal of the power supply 1 is connected to the charging terminal 3 of the single-pole double-throw switch 2, the moving contact of the single-pole double-throw switch 2 is connected to the positive terminal of the ammeter 5, the negative terminal of the ammeter 5 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor 8, the negative terminal of the capacitor 8 is connected to the positive terminal of the resistor 6, the negative terminal of the resistor 6 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 1 and the discharging terminal 4 of the single-pole double-throw switch 2, and the voltmeter 7 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 8. The above circuit connection structure is a conventional capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator circuit structure familiar to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can also use other conventional circuit structures according to requirements, and will not elaborate further.

[0014] In order to connect to the digital platform and display the current changes in the circuit intuitively on the screen, the demonstrator also includes a first terminal block 9, a second terminal block 13, a digital platform, and two plugs 10 connected to the digital platform; wherein, the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13 are connected in series between the ammeter 5 and the capacitor 8, and the two plugs 10 can be inserted into the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13 respectively.

[0015] As is common knowledge to those skilled in the art, in order to convert a current signal into a digital signal, the current in the circuit must be extracted. To this end, we have incorporated the working principle of existing headphone jacks, such that when no plug 10 is inserted into the first terminal 9 or the second terminal 13, the ammeter 5 and the capacitor 8 are in a connected state; and when plugs 10 are inserted into the first terminal 9 and the second terminal 13 respectively, the change in current flowing through the ammeter 5 is converted into a change in digital signal by the digital platform and displayed.

[0016] like Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the working principle and internal structure of the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13 are the same as those of conventional headphone jacks. They employ an internal design with a flexible conductive spring, allowing the internal spring to connect with the plug 10 when it is inserted into the terminal block, thus disconnecting the original internal circuit of the jack. Based on this principle, the structure of the terminal block should be a conventional technology familiar to those skilled in the art. In this application, preferably, both the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13 include a terminal block housing 14 and pin 16 and pin 18 disposed on the terminal block housing 14. Pin 16 and pin 18 are respectively connected to the conductive spring 15 and the fixed conductive sheet 17 inside the terminal block housing 14. The conductive spring 15 contacts the fixed conductive sheet 17. Pin 16 of the first terminal block 9 is connected to the negative terminal of the ammeter 5, pin 18 of the first terminal block 9 is connected to pin 16 of the second terminal block 13, and pin 18 of the second terminal block 13 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor 8. Figure 3 As shown, when the plug 10 is inserted into the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13, the plug 10 contacts the conductive spring 15, and the wire spring 15 separates from the fixed conductive piece 17. It should be noted that in practical applications, corresponding headphone jacks can be directly purchased from the market to replace the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13 in this application. This is a conventional choice familiar to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated further.

[0017] The digital platform is also a conventional teaching platform in existing circuit experiment teaching, mainly providing digital support for experimental teaching. It primarily uses computers, the internet, etc., to digitally display and exchange experimental results, making the experimental process and results more intuitive and accurate. Preferably, in this application, the digital platform includes an ADC chip 11, a microcontroller 12, a current sensor 19, and a display screen 20. Two plugs 10 are connected in series with the current sensor 19. When the plugs 10 are inserted into the terminal block, the current sensor 19 can be directly connected in series to the circuit to extract the current. As is common knowledge familiar to those skilled in the art, the current sensor 19 is electrically connected to the ADC chip 11, and the microcontroller 12 is electrically connected to both the ADC chip 11 and the display screen 20. Its working principle and model selection are also common knowledge familiar to those skilled in the art. The current sensor 19 transmits the current signal to the ADC chip 11, the ADC chip 11 converts the current signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the microcontroller 12. The microcontroller 12 then converts the digital signal into an experimental image through a corresponding programming program and displays it on the display screen 20. Depending on the requirements, those skilled in the art may also choose other conventional digital platform structures to realize the conversion of current signals. In actual teaching, it is only necessary to input the corresponding programming program into the computer according to the requirements to program and control the microcontroller 12, which is a conventional choice familiar to those skilled in the art. The digital platform can be obtained by purchasing a customized product, and this application will not elaborate on the limitations.

[0018] In practical teaching applications, first connect the DC4V power supply, connect the single-pole double-throw switch 2 to the charging position to charge the capacitor 8. The reading of the voltmeter 7 increases rapidly and then stabilizes at a certain value. At the same time, the reading of the ammeter 5 gradually decreases to 0. At this time, the two plates of the capacitor 8 carry a certain amount of opposite charge. Then, the single-pole double-throw switch 2 is connected to the discharge position, causing the capacitor 8 to discharge, neutralizing the positive and negative charges. The reading of ammeter 5 decreases from large to small to 0, and the reading of voltmeter 7 also decreases to 0V.

[0019] When it is necessary to study the charging and discharging process of capacitor 8 using the experimental platform, connect the two plugs 10 to the first terminal block 9 and the second terminal block 13, so that the demonstrator circuit is connected to the digital platform. Switch the experiment to DIS mode, open the experimental system on the computer interface, open the current acquisition window according to the system operation procedure, complete the relevant settings as needed, and complete the experimental study on the charging and discharging process of the capacitor by following the charging and discharging operation steps. Intelligent analysis software is used to realize real-time monitoring, data acquisition, and in-depth study of the capacitor charging and discharging process. The computer-based experimental system and intelligent analysis software are existing mature technologies that can be obtained through customized purchase. When using them, it is only necessary to input the corresponding control parameters into the microcontroller 12 via the computer; this application will not elaborate further.

[0020] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific and clear descriptions of the technical solutions and features of this application. Solutions or features that are prior art or common knowledge to those skilled in the art will not be described in detail in the above embodiments.

[0021] Furthermore, the technical solutions of this application are not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform, comprising a power supply (1), a single-pole double-throw switch (2), an ammeter (5), a resistor (6), a voltmeter (7), and a capacitor (8), wherein the positive terminal of the power supply (1) is connected to the charging terminal (3) of the single-pole double-throw switch (2), the moving contact of the single-pole double-throw switch (2) is connected to the positive terminal of the ammeter (5), the negative terminal of the ammeter (5) is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor (8), the negative terminal of the capacitor (8) is connected to the positive terminal of the resistor (6), the negative terminal of the resistor (6) is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply (1) and the discharging terminal (4) of the single-pole double-throw switch (2), and the voltmeter (7) is connected in parallel with the capacitor (8), characterized in that, It also includes a first terminal block (9), a second terminal block (13), a digital platform, and two plugs (10) connected to the digital platform. The first terminal block (9) and the second terminal block (13) are connected in series between the ammeter (5) and the capacitor (8), and the two plugs (10) can be inserted into the first terminal block (9) and the second terminal block (13) respectively; When no plug (10) is inserted into the first terminal block (9) or the second terminal block (13), the ammeter (5) and the capacitor (8) are in a connected state; When plugs (10) are inserted into the first terminal block (9) and the second terminal block (13) respectively, the change in current flowing through the ammeter (5) will be converted into a change in digital signal by the digital platform and displayed.

2. The capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first terminal block (9) and the second terminal block (13) include a terminal block housing (14) and pin 1 (16) and pin 2 (18) disposed on the terminal block housing (14). Pin 1 (16) and pin 2 (18) are respectively connected to the conductive spring (15) and the fixed conductive sheet (17) inside the terminal block housing (14). The conductive spring (15) is in contact with the fixed conductive sheet (17). Pin 1 (16) of the first terminal block (9) is connected to the negative terminal of the ammeter (5). Pin 2 (18) of the first terminal block (9) is connected to pin 1 (16) of the second terminal block (13). Pin 2 (18) of the second terminal block (13) is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor (8). When the plug (10) is inserted into the first terminal block (9) and the second terminal block (13), the plug (10) is in contact with the conductive spring (15), and the wire spring (15) is separated from the fixed conductive sheet (17).

3. The capacitor charging and discharging demonstrator based on a digital experimental platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, The digital platform includes an ADC chip (11), a microcontroller (12), a current sensor (19), and a display screen (20). Two plugs (10) are connected in series with the current sensor (19), the current sensor (19) is electrically connected to the ADC chip (11), and the microcontroller (12) is electrically connected to the ADC chip (11) and the display screen (20) respectively.

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