A safety label for nuclear power plant tools

Abstract

This utility model provides a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools, comprising: a tag body and a fixing rope. The surface of the tag body is used to set tool information; one end of the fixing rope is fixedly connected to the tag body, and the other end of the fixing rope is provided with an insertion post. The tag body is provided with an insertion hole that mates with the insertion post, and a snap-fit ​​structure is provided between the insertion post and the insertion hole to secure the insertion post in the insertion hole. This utility model provides a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools that can solve the technical problems of cumbersome fixing and poor safety performance of safety tags.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of nuclear power plant tool and equipment management technology, and in particular to a safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, nuclear power plants typically use steel wire rope tags for tool qualification marking. Workers tie and bind the steel wire rope tags to the surface of tools that have passed the annual inspection. This is not only cumbersome, but also leaves the ends of the steel wire rope exposed, which can easily scratch the exposed skin of workers, causing injuries and infections, resulting in poor safety performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools to solve the technical problems of cumbersome safety tag fixing and poor safety performance.

[0004] This utility model provides a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools, comprising: a tag body and a fixing rope.

[0005] The surface of the label body is used to set tool information; one end of the fixing rope is fixedly connected to the label body, and the other end of the fixing rope is provided with a plug post. The label body is provided with a plug hole that mates with the plug post. There is a snap-fit ​​structure between the plug post and the plug hole that can lock the plug post in the plug hole.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the snap-fit ​​structure includes a snap-fit ​​platform located on the plug post and an elastic baffle located in the plug hole. The elastic baffle and the side wall of the plug hole form a small-diameter channel. The radial dimension of the small-diameter channel is smaller than the radial dimension of the snap-fit ​​platform. The elastic baffle can elastically deform in the radial direction of the small-diameter channel so that the snap-fit ​​platform passes through the small-diameter channel and tightens after passing through to prevent the snap-fit ​​platform from retracting.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pair of locking platforms are provided on both sides of the end of the plug-in post, and a pair of elastic baffles corresponding to the pair of locking platforms are provided in the plug-in hole, and the pair of elastic baffles form a small-diameter channel.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the elastic baffle is fixed on the side wall of the insertion hole, and the other end extends to the opposite side.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic baffle has a first inclined surface on the side near the snap-fit ​​platform so that the insertion hole gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the snap-fit ​​platform is provided with a second inclined surface that cooperates with the first inclined surface on the side near the elastic baffle, so that the snap-fit ​​platform gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post.

[0011] In one embodiment of this utility model, both the plug post and the plug hole are mutually cooperating polygons.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a stop portion is provided at the end of the insertion hole away from the insertion post, and the stop portion is used to cooperate with the end face of the insertion post.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, a growth layer is provided on the end face of the plug-in post that contacts the stop portion, and a porous layer that contacts and cooperates with the growth layer is provided on the end face of the stop portion that contacts the plug-in post.

[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, the growth layer is a hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer, and the porous layer is a silicon carbide porous layer.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] This utility model discloses a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools. One end of the fixing rope is fixedly connected to the tag body, and the other end is provided with a plug. The tag body has a plug hole that mates with the plug, and there is a snap-fit ​​structure between the plug and the plug hole that can lock the plug in the plug hole. That is, in this utility model, one end of the fixing rope is fixedly connected to the tag body, and the other end is snap-fit ​​connected to the tag body. Compared with the traditional knotting and binding method, it saves the time spent on knotting and binding. It is not only simple to operate, but also the two ends of the fixing rope are not exposed after snap-fit ​​fixing. There is no need to trim the exposed ends of the fixing rope, avoiding the safety hazards caused by the residual fixing rope ends due to incomplete trimming. It also does not require additional manual processing, saving man-day investment. Furthermore, it avoids the risk of the fixing rope ends scratching exposed skin when workers are working, and has good safety performance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0018] In the attached diagram:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The plug pin is secured inside the plug hole;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The plug pin is secured inside the plug hole;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The plug pin is secured inside the plug hole;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-section of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The plug pin is secured inside the plug hole;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The connector pin was not securely fastened inside the connector hole;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-section of a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The connector pin was not securely fastened inside the connector hole;

[0025] Figure 7 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​structure in a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The connector pin was not securely fastened inside the connector hole;

[0026] Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​structure in a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The plug pin is secured inside the plug hole;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the microscopic principle of the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer filling the silicon carbide porous layer in a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 From left to right, these are: before fill, during fill, and after fill.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the microscopic principle of the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer locking the silicon carbide pore layer in a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools in one embodiment of the present invention. From left to right, the images show the process before filling, during filling, and after filling.

[0029] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0030] 1. Tag body; 11. Insertion hole; 112. Stop; 1121. Silicon carbide porous layer; 2. Fixing rope; 21. Insertion post; 212. Hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer; 3. Snap-fit ​​structure; 31. Snap-fit ​​platform; 311. Second inclined surface; 32. Elastic baffle; 321. First inclined surface; 33. Small diameter channel. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0032] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. The drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0033] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] After traditional wire rope tags are tied and secured to tools that have passed annual inspections at nuclear power plants, the exposed ends of the wire ropes remain sharp. In densely populated work environments, these sharp ends can easily cut the skin of operators, posing a personal injury hazard. This risk persists with the frequency of tool use, and safety regulations require 100% elimination of exposed sharp objects. Traditional safety tags cannot meet practical needs. To address this problem, this utility model provides the following solution.

[0035] Please see Figures 1-10 This utility model provides a safety tag for nuclear power plant tools, characterized in that it includes: a tag body 1 and a fixing rope 2.

[0036] Please see Figures 1-3 The surface of the label body 1 is used to set tool information; the shape of the label body 1 can be any shape that is easy for those skilled in the art to imagine, including but not limited to cylinder, square prism, pentagonal prism, hexagonal prism, etc.; in this embodiment, the shape of the label body 1 is a hexagonal prism; the tool information on the surface of the label body 1 includes but is not limited to name and model, specifications, manufacturer, production date / batch, etc., and the tool information can be set on the surface of the label body 1 by laser marking, embossing or inkjet printing.

[0037] Please see Figures 1-4One end of the fixing rope 2 is fixedly connected to the label body 1, and the other end of the fixing rope 2 is provided with a plug post 21. The label body 1 is provided with a plug hole 11 that mates with the plug post 21. A snap-fit ​​structure 3 is provided between the plug post 21 and the plug hole 11 to secure the plug post 21 in the plug hole 11. That is, in this utility model, one end of the fixing rope 2 is fixedly connected to the label body 1, and the other end is snap-fit ​​connected to the label body 1. Compared with the traditional knotting and binding method, it saves the time spent on knotting and binding. It is not only simple to operate, but also both ends of the fixing rope 2 are not exposed after snap-fit ​​fixing. There is no need to trim the exposed ends of the fixing rope 2, avoiding the safety hazards caused by incomplete trimming of the ends of the fixing rope 2. It also does not require additional manual processing, saving man-day investment. Furthermore, it avoids the risk of the ends of the fixing rope 2 scratching the exposed skin when workers are working, thus providing good safety performance. The fixing rope 2 includes, but is not limited to, steel wire rope.

[0038] The snap-fit ​​structure 3 can adopt various structural forms readily conceived by those skilled in the art, such as a screw provided on the side wall of the insertion hole 11, with the end of the screw used to press and fix the insertion post 21, etc.; however, for ease of implementation, this embodiment preferably adopts the following structural form:

[0039] Please see Figures 6-8 In one embodiment of this utility model, the snap-fit ​​structure 3 may include a snap-fit ​​platform 31 located on the insertion post 21 and an elastic baffle 32 located in the insertion hole 11. The elastic baffle 32 and the side wall of the insertion hole 11 form a small-diameter channel 33. The radial dimension of the small-diameter channel 33 is smaller than the radial dimension of the snap-fit ​​platform 31. The elastic baffle 32 can elastically deform in the radial direction of the small-diameter channel 33 so that the snap-fit ​​platform 31 passes through the small-diameter channel 33 and tightens after passing through to prevent the snap-fit ​​platform 31 from exiting. Thus, during the insertion of the insertion post 21 along the insertion hole 11, the snap-fit ​​platform 31 on the insertion post 21 gradually approaches the elastic baffle 32 in the insertion hole 11. Under the action of the insertion force, the snap-fit ​​platform 31 gradually presses the elastic baffle. 32, causing the elastic baffle 32 to elastically deform in the radial direction of the small diameter channel 33, allowing the locking platform 31 to pass smoothly. After the locking platform 31 passes the elastic baffle 32, the elastic baffle 32 elastically deforms back (i.e., the elastic baffle 32 tightens in the radial direction of the small diameter channel 33). Under the action of the elastic baffle 32, it is difficult for the locking platform 31 to pass over the elastic baffle 32 in the reverse direction, thereby locking the insertion post 21 in the insertion hole 11. Compared with the screw pressing method, this embodiment locks the insertion post 21 in the insertion hole 11 in one go during the insertion process, without the need for secondary operation, making the operation simpler. After locking, it is difficult for the locking platform 31 to pass over the elastic baffle 32 in the reverse direction. The only way to remove it is through physical destruction.

[0040] Please see Figures 6-8In order to more firmly secure the plug post 21 in the plug hole 11, in one embodiment of the present invention, a pair of locking platforms 31 can be provided on both sides of the end of the plug post 21, and a pair of elastic baffles 32 corresponding to the pair of locking platforms 31 are provided in the plug hole 11, and the pair of elastic baffles 32 form a small diameter channel 33.

[0041] Please see Figures 6-7 In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the elastic baffle 32 can be fixed on the side wall of the insertion hole 11, and the other end extends to the opposite side. The elastic baffle 32 and the side wall of the insertion hole 11 can be fixed in various ways that are easy for those skilled in the art to conceive of, such as welding, bonding, riveting, etc.

[0042] Please see Figure 7 In one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic baffle 32 may be provided with a first inclined surface 321 on the side near the locking platform 31, so that the insertion hole 11 gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post 21. In this way, during the insertion of the insertion post 21 along the insertion hole 11, the first inclined surface 321 can play a guiding role, so that the locking platform 31 can pass through the elastic baffle 32 more smoothly.

[0043] Please see Figure 7 In one embodiment of the present invention, the side of the snap-fit ​​platform 31 near the elastic baffle 32 may be provided with a second inclined surface 311 that cooperates with the first inclined surface 321, so that the snap-fit ​​platform 31 gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post 21. In this way, during the insertion of the insertion post 21 along the insertion hole 11, the second inclined surface 311 and the first inclined surface 321 slide and cooperate, which can better play a guiding role and allow the snap-fit ​​platform 31 to pass through the elastic baffle 32 more smoothly.

[0044] Please see Figure 5 In one embodiment of this utility model, both the insertion post 21 and the insertion hole 11 are mutually cooperating polygons to prevent relative rotation between the insertion post 21 and the insertion hole 11, so that the locking platform 31 on the insertion post 21 precisely engages with the elastic baffle 32 inside the insertion hole 11. Polygons include, but are not limited to, quadrilaterals, pentagons, irregular polygons, etc.

[0045] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 6 In one embodiment of this utility model, a stop portion 112 may be provided at the end of the insertion hole 11 away from the insertion post 21. The stop portion 112 is used to stop and cooperate with the end face of the insertion post 21. The setting of the stop portion 112 can prevent the insertion post 21 from passing through the insertion hole 11, and completely block the risk of the fixing rope 2 passing through through physical interference, so as to achieve 100% physical closure of the exposed end of the fixing rope 2, thereby better preventing the end of the fixing rope 2 from being exposed, and thus avoiding the risk of the end of the fixing rope 2 scratching the exposed skin. In a specific implementation, the stop portion 112 can be a limiting baffle.

[0046] Please see Figures 8-10 In one embodiment of this utility model, a growth layer may be provided on the end face of the plug 21 that contacts the stop portion 112, and a porous layer that contacts and cooperates with the growth layer is provided on the end face of the stop portion 112 that contacts the plug 21. In this way, after the plug 21 is locked in the plug hole 11, the growth layer of the plug 21 contacts and cooperates with the porous layer of the stop portion 112. The growth layer gradually grows into the porous layer and locks the pores, and cooperates with the locking and cooperating structure 3 to form a stable locking + molecular locking, so that the plug 21 is more firmly locked in the plug hole 11, greatly improving stability and firmness.

[0047] Please see Figures 9-10 In one embodiment of this utility model, the growth layer can be a hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212(Hf). 60 Ta 25 Zr 15 , Figure 9 The yellow layer represents a fluid hafnium-based amorphous alloy, and the porous layer is a nanoporous silicon carbide porous layer 1121 (SiC). After the insertion post 21 is secured in the insertion hole 11, the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212 and the silicon carbide porous layer 1121 come into contact and fit together. Stable molecular locking structures can be formed by room temperature pressing. The principle is that upon contact, the hafnium-based amorphous alloy flows with room temperature and penetrates into the pores of the silicon carbide porous layer 1121, naturally oxidizing for 4 hours to generate a mixed oxide of HfO2-ZrO2 (i.e.,...). Figure 9 The red portion represents the hafnium-based amorphous alloy after oxidation and expansion, which locks in the pores. This design is a non-magnetic structure and a radiation-resistant material, making it stable for use in nuclear islands. Its strength hardly decreases after long-term irradiation. Specific fabrication processes for the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212 and the silicon carbide porous layer 1121 include: for example, the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212 can be coated on the end face of the insertion post 21 using magnetron sputtering, with etching and cleaning performed before coating to ensure no oxide layer on the surface; a nanoporous silicon carbide layer can be generated on the end face of the stop portion 112 using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

[0048] See Figures 9-10 The specific microscopic principle is as follows: According to the adsorption energy formula, a lower coordination number (nc) enhances the interfacial adsorption strength. The surface atoms of the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212 of the insertion post 21 have low coordination, and the surface activity is improved through magnetron sputtering. Meanwhile, the nanoporous silicon carbide pore layer 1121 of the stop portion 112 has a honeycomb pore structure formed by PECVD (see...). Figure 9 The leftmost image and Figure 10(See the leftmost image). This can effectively reduce the coordination number of the surface, thereby increasing the adsorption and atom trapping ability of hafnium-based alloys. After the plug 21 is secured in the plug hole 11, the first stage is that the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212 undergoes plastic flow at room temperature, flowing into the nanopores of the silicon carbide porous layer 1121, referring to the principle of liquid metal. At this time, the pores are gradually filled with hafnium-based amorphous alloy (see...). Figure 9 Middle and middle diagrams Figure 10 (Middle image); The second stage is when the pores are filled with hafnium-based amorphous alloy. The alloy surface in the pores comes into contact with air, and the hafnium-based amorphous alloy oxidizes and expands, filling the pores. After natural oxidation, an HfO2-ZrO2 oxide film forms on the top of the pores, thereby locking the pores and forming a stable molecular-level mechanical interlock (see...). Figure 9 The rightmost image and Figure 10 The rightmost image, in which Figure 10 The red layer represents the hafnium-based amorphous alloy after oxidation and expansion, and the blue layer represents the HfO2-ZrO2 oxide film. The growth layer in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, the hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer 212, and the porous layer includes, but is not limited to, the silicon carbide porous layer 1121. The porous layer can also be a porous ceramic layer with excellent radiation resistance, such as a porous alumina layer.

[0049] During the research process, the inventors discovered that the strength of conventional safety tags decreases sharply under irradiation, and there is still a risk of them falling off in daily use. Furthermore, magnetic materials may generate magnetic interference within the nuclear island, affecting its normal operation. In addition, in the strong magnetic field environment of a nuclear power plant, traditional magnetic tags may attract iron filings, forming a source of foreign matter, which does not comply with the relevant regulations for preventing foreign objects from entering the power plant. Therefore, the safety tags for nuclear power plant tools of this invention are made entirely of radiation-resistant non-magnetic materials. This ensures that the strength will hardly decrease under radiation and will not attract iron filings, thus forming a source of foreign matter, making them more suitable for nuclear power scenarios.

[0050] In summary, the safety tag for nuclear power plant tools of this utility model eliminates the need for additional manpower to cut the fixing rope, saving subsequent operation and maintenance costs. It also solves the problem that manual trimming cannot completely remove all exposed ends, thoroughly eliminating safety hazards, improving operational safety, preventing the fixing rope ends from protruding, and preventing the risk of workers being injured by the fixing rope at the source. This ensures the personal safety of workers, reduces the incidence of work-related accidents, optimizes work processes and efficiency, eliminates the need for additional manual handling, simplifies operational procedures in scenarios such as annual inspection of tools, improves overall operational efficiency, avoids economic losses caused by safety hazards, eliminates residual safety hazards caused by incomplete trimming, reduces work injury compensation, medical expenses, and downtime losses caused by wire rope injuries, resolves the possibility of the original tag falling off, meets the relevant requirements for foreign object prevention in power plants, and will not affect the daily operation and maintenance of power plants.

[0051] This invention provides a safety solution to industry pain points (such as the exposed end of the fixing rope tag causing injury). It eliminates the need for precise alignment using traditional barbs and ratchet teeth, resulting in greater stability and reliability. Furthermore, it provides a permanent lock, preventing movement once secured and ensuring the fixing rope end is not easily exposed. Its non-magnetic and radiation-resistant design allows for stable application in nuclear power plants. Additionally, this invention utilizes pulsed fiber laser to perform circumferential welding on the tag body's insertion hole and insertion post, followed by micro-forging densification treatment. This results in high tensile strength, a small heat-affected zone, and no risk of detachment. It provides a reference for technological upgrades in the field of tool safety, promotes the improvement of industry safety standards, and better meets the needs of nuclear power scenarios.

[0052] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this utility model should still be covered by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A safety tag for tools and equipment in a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, include: A label body (1), the surface of which is used to set tool information; A fixing rope (2) is fixedly connected at one end to the label body (1); The other end of the fixing rope (2) is provided with a plug post (21), and the tag body (1) is provided with a plug hole (11) that cooperates with the plug post (21). A snap-fit ​​structure (3) is provided between the plug post (21) and the plug hole (11) to secure the plug post (21) in the plug hole (11).

2. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snap-fit ​​structure (3) includes a snap-fit ​​platform (31) located on the plug post (21) and an elastic baffle (32) located in the plug hole (11). The elastic baffle (32) and the side wall of the plug hole (11) form a small-diameter channel (33). The radial dimension of the small-diameter channel (33) is smaller than the radial dimension of the snap-fit ​​platform (31). The elastic baffle (32) can elastically deform in the radial direction of the small-diameter channel (33) so that the snap-fit ​​platform (31) passes through the small-diameter channel (33) and tightens after passing through to prevent the snap-fit ​​platform (31) from exiting.

3. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plug post (21) has a pair of locking platforms (31) arranged opposite to each other on both sides. The plug hole (11) has a pair of elastic baffles (32) corresponding to the pair of locking platforms (31). The pair of elastic baffles (32) form the small diameter channel (33).

4. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the elastic baffle (32) is fixed on the side wall of the insertion hole (11), and the other end extends to the opposite side.

5. The safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic baffle (32) has a first inclined surface (321) on the side near the snap-fit ​​platform (31) so that the insertion hole (11) gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post (21).

6. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The snap-fit ​​platform (31) has a second inclined surface (311) on the side near the elastic baffle (32) that cooperates with the first inclined surface (321), so that the snap-fit ​​platform (31) gradually narrows along the insertion direction of the insertion post (21).

7. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the plug post (21) and the plug hole (11) are polygons that fit together.

8. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The insertion hole (11) has a stop (112) at one end away from the insertion post (21), and the stop (112) is used to stop and cooperate with the end face of the insertion post (21).

9. The safety label for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The end face of the plug (21) that contacts the stop (112) is provided with a growth layer, and the end face of the stop (112) that contacts the plug (21) is provided with a porous layer that contacts and cooperates with the growth layer.

10. The safety tag for nuclear power plant tools and equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The growth layer is a hafnium-based amorphous alloy layer (212), and the porous layer is a silicon carbide porous layer (1121).

Images