Protective switches, distribution cabinets and power distribution systems

Abstract

This application discloses a protective switch, a distribution cabinet, and a power distribution system. The power distribution system includes a first power source, an energy storage device, and multiple load branches. The protective switch includes: a switching element, with its first end connected to the first power source and its second end connected to multiple load branches connected in parallel, at least one of which is connected to the energy storage device; a communication module for communicating with the energy storage device; a sampling module connected to the first and second ends of the switching element, used to detect whether the first and second ends of the switching element are de-energized and generate a first detection signal indicating whether the first power source is de-energized and a second detection signal indicating whether the energy storage device is de-energized; and a control module connected to the sampling module and the communication module for controlling the closing of the switching element. The protective switch achieves power isolation between the two ends by detecting the power status at both ends, improving the safety and reliability of the system and enabling more precise power management and control.

Description

[0001] Priority information This application claims priority and benefits to patent application No. 202510687469.5, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on May 26, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of household power distribution technology, and in particular relates to a protective switch, a distribution cabinet and a power distribution system. Background Technology

[0003] In a typical home electrical distribution network, the mains power is connected to a home distribution cabinet, which then supplies power to the household loads through various power branches. A conventional home electrical distribution network can only be powered by the mains power; if the mains power fails, the entire household loses power.

[0004] To address the issue of household power outages due to mains power failures, existing solutions can incorporate backup energy storage power sources. There are two main approaches to connecting backup energy storage. First, equip core household loads with a smart distribution cabinet or replace traditional distribution cabinets with smart distribution cabinets. Smart distribution cabinets can connect to mains power or backup energy storage, internally forming multiple power supply branches to power household loads, automatically switching to the backup energy storage when mains power fails. Second, connect an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to the front end of the traditional distribution cabinet. The ATS can connect to mains power or backup energy storage, providing switching functionality between mains power and backup energy storage, but still requires manual control of the household load power supply branches via the traditional distribution cabinet. After a mains power failure, the ATS can automatically switch to the backup energy storage.

[0005] In both of the above solutions, the intelligent distribution cabinet or ATS is quite large, occupying a significant amount of space. Furthermore, these two types of power facilities are expensive to install and require professional electricians to drill holes and reconnect battery cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can safely and stably connect to a backup energy storage power source to address the problem of household load power outages during mains power failures, while simultaneously reducing equipment size and installation costs. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a protective switch, a distribution cabinet, and a power distribution system. When different power supplies are connected to the front and rear ends of the protective switch, the protective switch can detect the power supply status at both ends and isolate them.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a protective switch for a power distribution system, the power distribution system including a first power source, an energy storage device, and multiple load branches, wherein the multiple load branches are connected in parallel, and at least one of the load branches is connected to the energy storage device, the protective switch comprising: A switching device, wherein a first end of the switching device is connected to the first power supply, and a second end of the switching device is connected to multiple load branches; A communication module, which communicates with the energy storage device; A sampling module is connected to the first and second ends of the switching element. The sampling module is used to detect whether the first and second ends of the switching element are de-energized and to generate a first detection signal characterizing whether the first power supply is de-energized and a second detection signal characterizing whether the energy storage device is de-energized. The control module, connected to the sampling module and the communication module, can control the closing of the switch. When the first power supply fails, the switch is disconnected, and the control module is used to send a first signal to the energy storage device through the communication module, so that the energy storage device can provide a second power supply to the other load branches.

[0008] When the first power supply is powered on, the control module is also used to send a second signal to the energy storage device through the communication module, so that the energy storage device disconnects the power supply and, when it is determined based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal that the first power supply is powered on and the energy storage device is powered off, controls the switch to close.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a power distribution cabinet including the aforementioned protective switch.

[0010] Thirdly, this application provides a power distribution system including the power distribution cabinet, energy storage equipment, and multiple load branches.

[0011] This application provides a protective switch, a distribution cabinet, and a power distribution system. The protective switch includes a switching element, a communication module, a sampling module, and a control module. In the event of a first power failure, the sampling module detects the first terminal of the switching element and generates a first detection signal characterizing the first power failure, which is then transmitted to the control module. The switching element (normally open) automatically opens, or the switching element (non-normally open) opens under the control of a motor driven by the controller of the control module. The control module transmits the first power failure information to the communication module, which then sends a first signal to an energy storage device. The energy storage device inverts and outputs a second power supply to other load branches. In the event of a first power failure, the sampling module detects the first and second terminals of the switching element, generates a first detection signal characterizing the first power state and a second detection signal characterizing the second power state, and transmits both signals to the control module. The control module determines that the first power is powered on and the energy storage device is powered off based on the first and second detection signals. The control module sends a second signal to the energy storage device via the communication module to disconnect the power supply to the energy storage device. Finally, the control module controls the switching element to close. The above process is powered continuously by an external power source or by a combination of a first power source and / or a second power source and / or a circuit breaker. By detecting the power supply status at both ends of the circuit via a protective switch, the power supply status is determined in real time, and timely isolation and switching are performed, thus improving the system's safety and reliability.

[0012] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a scenario where a protective switch is provided according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a first structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the protective switch provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a third structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the protective switch provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a fifth structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 7This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a seventh structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication connection between an energy storage device, a protective switch, and a mobile terminal provided in certain embodiments of this application. Figure 10 This is an eighth structural schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram of a protective switch provided in some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0015] This application provides a protective switch 100, which will be described in detail below: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The protective switch 100 provided in this application embodiment is used in a power distribution system 10. The power distribution system 10 includes a first power source 200, an energy storage device 300, and multiple load branches connected in parallel, with at least one load branch connected to the energy storage device 300. The protective switch 100 includes: The switch 101 has its first terminal G1 connected to the first power supply 200, and its second terminal G2 connected to multiple load branches. The first power supply 200 can be AC ​​mains power provided by the power grid company or AC power output from a generator, and is the main power source for household electricity consumption. In addition to supplying power to the loads and the protective switch 100, the first power supply 200 can also charge the protective switch 100.

[0016] Among them, the first end G1 of the switch 101 is the node at which the protection switch 100 is connected to the first power supply 200, i.e., the input end of the protection switch 100, and is also the input point of the detectable signal of the state of the first power supply 200.

[0017] Among them, the second end G2 of the switch 101 is the node at the end of the protection switch 100 connected to the load branch, i.e., the output end of the protection switch 100, and is also the input point of the detectable signal of the energy storage device 300 status.

[0018] Among them, the load branch refers to the power circuit connected to the output terminal of the protection switch 100, which may include lighting, sockets, home appliances, etc. It is usually a series of parallel branches equipped with circuit breaker 600 and wall socket 500. At least one load branch will be connected to the energy storage device 300. When the first power supply 200 fails, the energy storage device 300 can provide a second power supply to other load branches to realize emergency power supply.

[0019] The energy storage device 300 refers to an energy storage power supply connected to the load branch that can output AC power through an inverter when the first power supply 200 fails. It can supply power to the load in its load branch and can also be charged by the first power supply 200. The energy storage device 300 can communicate with the communication module 102 of the protection switch 100 and receive signals from the communication module 102 to determine whether to perform inverter output or disconnect the power supply.

[0020] This can be understood as follows: the switch 101, as the direct actuator of the protective switch 100, controls the connection and disconnection between the first power supply 200 (such as mains power) and multiple load branches. The first terminal G1 of the switch 101 is connected to the first power supply 200, and the second terminal G2 of the switch 101 is connected to the load branch. The switch 101 can be opened or closed under the automatic control of the control module 104 to achieve safe isolation between the first power supply 200 and the load branch, ensuring the normal operation of the system.

[0021] Communication module 102 communicates with energy storage device 300.

[0022] Specifically, the communication module 102 receives instructions from the control module 104 and conducts bidirectional data communication with the energy storage device 300 via wired or wireless communication. The instructions received by the communication module 102 from the control module 104 include the status information of the first power source 200 (such as mains power). This information is sent to the energy storage device 300, which can trigger the inverter output of the energy storage device 300 or disconnect the power supply. Status information such as whether the energy storage device 300 is working and its power level can also be transmitted to the communication module 102, which then transmits it to the control module 104. Based on the feedback information from the energy storage device 300, the control module 104 decides whether to switch the power supply by controlling the on / off state of the switch 101.

[0023] The sampling module 103 is connected to the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 of the control module 104 and the switch 101, respectively. The sampling module 103 is used to detect whether the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 of the switch 101 are de-energized and to generate a first detection signal characterizing whether the first power supply 200 is de-energized and a second detection signal characterizing whether the energy storage device 300 is de-energized.

[0024] The first detection signal is a logic signal generated by the sampling module 103 when it detects at the first end G1 of the switch 101, which can be recognized by the controllable module 104 and reflects the state of the first power supply 200 (such as being energized or de-energized).

[0025] The second detection signal is a logic signal generated by the sampling module 103 when it detects at the second terminal G2 of the switch 101, which can be recognized by the controllable module 104 and reflects the second power supply state (such as being energized or de-energized).

[0026] Specifically, the sampling module 103 continuously monitors the input signal at the first terminal G1 of the switch 101. The input signal includes raw electrical parameters (such as voltage and waveform) representing the state of the first power supply 200 (such as mains power). After sampling, signal processing, and comparison with a preset normal operating threshold, the input signal generates a logic signal containing the state information of the first power supply 200, i.e., the first detection signal. The sampling module 103 continuously monitors the load terminal signal at the second terminal G2 of the switch 101. The load terminal signal includes raw electrical parameters (such as voltage and waveform) representing the state of the second power supply. After sampling, signal processing, and comparison with a preset normal operating threshold, the input signal generates a logic signal containing the state information of the second power supply, i.e., the second detection signal.

[0027] The control module 104 is connected to the sampling module 103 and the communication module 102, and can control the closing of the switch 101.

[0028] The control module 104 includes a controller 1041 and a motor 1042. The controller 1041 controls the operation of the motor 1042, and the motor 1042 can drive the switch 101 to close or open.

[0029] Specifically, the controller 1041 of the control module 104 can determine the status of the first power supply 200 (such as mains power) and the energy storage device 300 based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal generated by the sampling module 103, and then control the motor 1042 to drive the switch 101 to close or open, so that if the first power supply 200 loses power, the switch 101 is opened; and if the first power supply 200 returns to normal, the switch 101 remains closed.

[0030] In some embodiments, after the communication module 102 is connected to the control module 104, it is connected to the sampling module 103. After the sampling module 103 sends the first detection signal to the control module 104, the control module 104 forwards it to the communication module 102.

[0031] It can be understood that the control module 104 acts as the command center of the protection switch 100: First, the control module 104 receives the first detection signal and the second detection signal continuously monitored and generated by the sampling module 103; second, after the control module 104 performs logical judgment on the first detection signal and the second detection signal, it controls the on / off state of the switch 101; third, it generates control commands to control the communication module 102 to send the status information of the first power supply 200 and the status information of the protection switch 100 obtained by the sampling module 103 to the energy storage device 300, so as to determine whether the energy storage device 300 is AC charging (receiving charging from the first power supply 200 as a household load, or directly disconnecting) or inverter output (supplying energy to other branch loads).

[0032] The protection switch 100 provided in this application disconnects the switch 101 when the first power supply 200 fails. The control module 104 is used to send a first signal to the energy storage device 300 through the communication module 102 so that the energy storage device 300 can provide a second power supply to other load branches.

[0033] The second power source refers to the power output from the inverter of the energy storage device 300, which is used to supply power to other branch loads of the energy storage device 300 when the first power source 200 fails.

[0034] The first signal has two operating modes. The first mode is that after the sampling module 103 determines that the first power supply 200 has lost power, the control module 104 sends a signal to the energy storage device 300 via the communication module 102. In this mode, the first signal indicates that the first power supply 200 has lost power, and the energy storage device 300 needs to determine this based on the signal and provide power from the second power supply. The second mode is that the control module 104 directly sends a first signal requiring the energy storage device 300 to start, and the energy storage device 300 directly starts and provides power from the second power supply.

[0035] The protection switch 100 provided in this application, when the first power supply 200 is powered on, the control module 104 is also used to send a second signal to the energy storage device 300 through the communication module 102 so that the energy storage device 300 is disconnected from the power supply and, when it is determined based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal that the first power supply 200 is powered on and the energy storage device 300 is powered off, controls the switch 101 to close.

[0036] The second signal has two operating modes. The first mode involves the sampling module 103 determining that the first power supply 200 has recovered, and then the control module 104 sends this signal to the energy storage device 300 via the communication module 102. This second signal indicates that the first power supply 200 has returned to normal, and the energy storage device 300, based on this signal, determines that the first power supply 200 has been powered on and disconnects its power supply. The second mode involves the control module 104 directly sending a disconnection signal to the energy storage device 300, causing the energy storage device 300 to disconnect directly.

[0037] Understandably, to ensure higher safety, the sampling module 103 continuously monitors the signals at the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 of the switch 101: the first detection signal detected by the sampling module 103 at the first terminal G1 of the switch 101 reflects the status of the first power supply 200 (e.g., mains power); the second detection signal detected by the sampling module 103 at point G1 reflects the status of the second power supply. When the protection switch 100 detects that the first power supply 200 is powered on, it sends the second signal to the energy storage device 300 through the communication module 102. Upon receiving the second signal, the energy storage device 300 de-energizes and transmits the power-down signal to the communication module 102. The control module 104 determines the information that the first power supply 200 is powered on and the energy storage device 300 is powered off based on the first and second detection signals, and controls the switch 101 to close. By establishing a detection and isolation mechanism for the power supply status on the load side, the status of the energy storage device 300 on the load side can be obtained in a timely manner. This avoids the grid connection problem caused by the closing of the protection switch 100 switch element 101 when the load branch is connected to the second power source, resulting in the first power source 200 and the second power source provided by the energy storage device 300 being connected to the grid. Since the phase of the AC power from the first power source and the energy storage device 300 may be inconsistent, grid connection between the two may lead to load damage.

[0038] This application embodiment provides a protection switch 100, which includes a switch element 101, a communication module 102, a sampling module 103, and a control module 104. When the first power supply 200 fails, the sampling module 103 detects the failure of the first power supply 200 connected to the first terminal G1 of the switch element 101, generates a first detection signal characterizing the state of the first power supply 200, and transmits the first detection signal to the control module 104. The switch element 101 is disconnected under the control of the motor 1042 driven by the controller 1041 of the control module 104. During this process, the control module 104 transmits the first power supply 200 failure information to the communication module 102, and sends a first signal to the energy storage device 300 through the communication module 102. The energy storage device 300 then inverts its output to provide a second power supply to other load branches. When the first power supply 200 is restored to power, the sampling module 103 detects the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 of the switch 101, generates a first detection signal representing the state of the first power supply 200, and a second detection signal representing the state of the second power supply, and transmits the first and second detection signals to the control module 104. The control module 104 determines that the first power supply 200 is powered on and the energy storage device 300 is powered off based on the first and second detection signals. The control module 104 sends a second signal to the energy storage device 300 through the communication module 102 to disconnect the power supply to the energy storage device 300. Finally, the control module 104 controls the switch 101 to close. In the protection switch 100 provided in this embodiment, the detection at both ends realizes the isolation and switching between the first power supply and the second power supply, improves the safety and reliability of the system, and achieves more precise power management and control.

[0039] In some embodiments, the switch 101 is a normally open switch 101; or, the control module 104 controls the switch 101 to open when it determines that the first power supply 200 has lost power based on the first detection signal.

[0040] Among them, the normally open switch 101 achieves automatic control through the working principle of electromagnetic relay. When the electromagnet coil is not energized, the contacts remain open, and when energized, the contacts close to form a circuit.

[0041] Specifically, in the embodiments provided in this application, the protection switch 100 can be disconnected in two ways. First, when the switch 101 is a normally open switch 101, after the first power supply 200 (such as mains power) is de-energized, the normally open switch 101 automatically disconnects due to the action of the relay, and other power supplies replace the first power supply 200 to power the various modules of the protection switch 100. When the sampling module 103 detects the first detection signal and confirms that the first power supply 200 has returned to normal, the controller 1041 of the control module 104 controls the motor 1042 to drive the switch 101 to close according to the first detection signal. Second, when the switch 101 is not a normally open switch 101, after the first power supply 200 is de-energized, other power supplies replace the first power supply 200 to power the various modules of the protection switch 100. When the sampling module 103 detects the first detection signal and confirms that the first power supply 200 is de-energized, the controller 1041 of the control module 104 controls the motor 1042 to drive the switch 101 to open according to the first detection signal. When the first power supply 200 returns to normal, the sampling module 103 detects the first detection signal and confirms that the first power supply 200 has returned to normal. The controller 1041 of the control module 104 controls the motor 1042 to drive the switch 101 to close according to the first detection signal.

[0042] In some embodiments, the control module 104 is further configured to send a first signal to the energy storage device 300 via the communication module 102 when the first power supply 200 fails and the power of the energy storage device 300 is greater than the preset backup power, so that the energy storage device 300 provides a second power supply to other load branches.

[0043] In some embodiments, the control module 104 is further configured to send a power supply stop signal to the energy storage device 300 via the communication module 102 when the power of the energy storage device 300 is less than or equal to a preset reserve power, so that the energy storage device 300 stops providing second power to other load branches and controls the switch 101 to close.

[0044] The preset reserve power refers to the minimum power threshold preset in the energy storage device 300, which can at least meet the basic power needs of key loads in the household power grid (such as lighting, refrigerators, medical equipment, etc.) for a certain period of time.

[0045] In some embodiments, the control module 104 is further configured to send a second signal to the energy storage device 300 via the communication module 102 when the first power supply 200 is determined to be powered on based on the first detection signal, so that the energy storage device 300 disconnects the power supply.

[0046] Specifically, the communication module 102 obtains power information through continuous bidirectional data communication with the energy storage device 300 and sends it to the control module 104. The controller 1041 of the control module 104 controls the motor 1042 accordingly based on the power value Q of the energy storage device 300 and the preset backup power value Q0. In the event of a power failure of the first power source 200 (such as mains power): if Q is greater than Q0, it indicates that the energy storage device 300 has sufficient power to supply the load. The communication module 102 sends a first signal to the energy storage device 300 so that the energy storage device 300 can provide a second power source to other load branches through inverter output. If Q is less than or equal to Q0, it indicates that the energy storage device 300 does not have sufficient power to supply the load. The communication module 102 sends a stop power supply signal to the energy storage device 300 so that the energy storage device 300 stops inverter output, stops providing a second power source to other load branches to avoid over-discharge, and controls the switch 101 to close, waiting for the first power source 200 to be restored before continuing to use the first power source 200 to supply power to the load.

[0047] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 further includes an electrical connection port 107, which is connected to an external power supply 800 so that the external power supply 800 supplies power to the sampling module 103, the communication module 102 and the control module 104.

[0048] The external power supply 800 serves as an independent charging power source outside of the protection switch 100, providing appropriate voltage and current to each module of the protection switch 100 to directly power each module. To ensure normal charging, the external power supply 800 should have an interface compatible with the protection switch 100.

[0049] Specifically, the electrical connection port 107 connects the protection switch 100 to the external power supply 800, so that in the event of a power failure or power-on of the first power supply 200, the external power supply 800 can provide power for the safe disconnection of the protection switch 100 and for communication with the energy storage device 300.

[0050] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 further includes a circuit breaker power supply 106, which is used to supply power to the sampling module 103, the communication module 102 and the control module 104 when the first power supply 200 fails. The circuit breaker power supply 106 is connected to an external power supply 800 through an electrical connection port 107 so that the external power supply 800 charges the circuit breaker power supply 106.

[0051] It is understood that in this embodiment, the external power supply 800 can provide stable and continuous power to the circuit breaker 106 when the power of the circuit breaker 106 is insufficient to support the motor 1042 of the protection switch 100 control module 104 to drive the switch 101 to disconnect, and to support the bidirectional data communication between the communication module 102 and the energy storage device 300, so as to maintain the normal operation of the protection switch 100.

[0052] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 further includes a switching power supply 105, which is connected to an electrical connection port 107. An external power supply 800 supplies power to the sampling module 103, the communication module 102, and the control module 104 through the switching power supply 105.

[0053] It is understood that the switching power supply 105 can convert high-voltage AC power (such as 220V) into low-voltage stable DC power (such as 5V, 3.3V) to power the sampling module 103, communication module 102, and control module 104 inside the protection switch 100. Figure 5 The switching power supply 105 is directly connected to the external power supply 800 via the electrical connection port 107. The electrical energy provided by the external power supply 800 is converted into a suitable voltage by the switching power supply 105 to power the protective switch 100 for normal operation. Figure 6 The switching power supply 105 is connected to the circuit breaker power supply 106 and then connected to the external power supply 800 through the electrical connection port 107. The external power supply 800 is responsible for charging the circuit breaker power supply 106. The electrical energy provided by the circuit breaker power supply 106 is converted into a suitable voltage by the switching power supply 105 so that the protection switch 100 can be used normally.

[0054] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 further includes a switching power supply 105, which is connected to the first terminal G1 and / or the second terminal G2 of the switch 101. The first power supply 200 and / or the energy storage device 300 supply power to the sampling module 103, the communication module 102 and the control module 104 through the switching power supply 105.

[0055] The first end G1 of the switch 101 is connected to the first power supply 200, which can supply power to the protection switch 100. The second end G2 of the switch 101 is connected to the second power supply provided by the energy storage device 300, which can supply power to the protection switch 100.

[0056] Under normal power supply conditions, the switching power supply 105 converts the high-voltage AC power (e.g., 220V) of the first power supply 200 into low-voltage DC power (e.g., 5V, 3.3V) through the first terminal G1 of the switching element 101, supplying power to the sampling module 103, communication module 102, and control module 104 inside the protection switch 100. When the first power supply 200 fails, the switching power supply 105 converts the second power supply provided by the energy storage device 300 into low-voltage DC power through the second terminal G2 of the switching element 101, supplying power to the sampling module 103, communication module 102, and control module 104 inside the protection switch 100.

[0057] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 further includes a circuit breaker power supply 106, which supplies power to the sampling module 103, the communication module 102 and the control module 104 through a switching power supply 105.

[0058] It is understandable that, in the event of a power outage of the first power supply 200, the circuit breaker 106 can replace the first power supply 200 in supplying power to the communication module 102, sampling module 103, and control module 104, enabling the protection switch 100 to disconnect in a timely manner and communicate with the energy storage device 300. The circuit breaker 106 is generally a DC power supply; therefore, in the event of a power outage of the first power supply 200 (such as mains power), it can independently supply power to the sampling module 103, communication module 102, and control module 104. The circuit breaker 106 can at least ensure that, after a power outage of the first power supply 200, the status detection of the first power supply 200, the disconnection of the switch 101, and bidirectional data communication can still be performed, thus improving system reliability.

[0059] The circuit breaker 106 is connected between the first terminal G1 of the switch 101 and the switching power supply 105; or the circuit breaker 106 is connected to the switching power supply 105. The circuit breaker 106 is used to supply power to the sampling module 103, communication module 102, and control module 104 in the event of a power failure of the first power supply 200. The circuit breaker 106 includes a battery or capacitor. The battery or capacitor must have sufficient charge to support the motor 1042 of the control module 104 to drive the switch 101 to disconnect in the event of a power failure of the first power supply 200, and to support bidirectional data communication between the communication module 102 and the energy storage device 300.

[0060] Specifically, when the circuit breaker 106 is connected between the first terminal G1 of the switch 101 and the switching power supply 105, the first power supply 200 (such as mains power) can supply power to the circuit breaker 106. After storing a certain amount of electricity, the circuit breaker 106 can also be directly connected to the switching power supply 105. Furthermore, when the first power supply 200 is supplying power normally, the circuit breaker 106 can be charged through the switching power supply 105.

[0061] In some embodiments, the circuit breaker 106 connects to the first terminal G1 and / or the second terminal G2 of the switch 101 to charge via the first power supply 200 and / or the energy storage device 300.

[0062] It is understandable that the circuit breaker 106, as an independent power source within the protective switch 100, needs to be directly connected to the switching power supply 105 to power each module. The circuit breaker 106 can be connected at one end to the first terminal G1 of the switch 101 and at the other end to the switching power supply 105, or both ends can be directly connected to the two ends of the switching power supply 105. Both modes allow the first power supply 200 to charge the circuit breaker 106. When one end of the circuit breaker 106 is connected to the first terminal G1 of the switch 101, the switching power supply 105 can be connected to the second terminal G2 of the switch 101. Therefore, the second power supply provided by the energy storage device 300 at the load end can charge the circuit breaker 106 of the protective switch 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 300 replaces the first power supply 200 to supply power to the load. The energy storage device 300 can also be used for daily household electricity use and can autonomously set the power consumption plan when the first power supply 200 is normal.

[0064] Specifically, under normal conditions of the first power supply 200, the protection switch 100 can control the motor 1042 to disconnect the switch 101 according to the user settings; the control module 104 synchronously sends the disconnection status information of the switch 101 to the communication module 102; the communication module 102 informs the energy storage device 300 of the status of the protection switch 100 through wired or wireless communication, and at the same time issues an inverter output command to the energy storage device 300 so that the energy storage device 300 can supply power to other branch loads.

[0065] For example, in actual household electricity consumption, peak and off-peak electricity rates may be divided according to the grid load. Peak and off-peak electricity rates refer to dividing the electricity consumption time of the day into peak and off-peak periods, with different electricity prices for different time periods. Generally, electricity prices are higher during peak periods and lower during off-peak periods. The solution provided in this application embodiment can achieve the following: during peak electricity consumption periods, the control module 104 controls the protection switch 100 to open, so as to reduce or avoid the use of high-priced electricity during peak periods, and instead use the energy storage device 300 with relatively lower electricity prices to reduce electricity costs; while during off-peak electricity consumption periods, the control protection switch 100 is closed to supply power and charge the energy storage device 300.

[0066] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 and the energy storage device 300 are respectively communicatively connected to the same mobile terminal 900. The energy storage device 300 can establish a communication connection with the protection switch 100 through the mobile terminal 900. The protection switch 100 can be used to control the power supply status of the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400, and transmit the power supply status to the mobile terminal 900 via communication so that the mobile terminal 900 can display the power supply information.

[0067] For example, the protective switch 100 can be linked to a home electricity application on the mobile terminal 900 for communication. If the energy storage device 300 supports wireless communication, it can also communicate with the protective switch 100 through the home electricity application on the mobile terminal 900. When the linked energy storage device 300 is powered on, it can communicate with the protective switch 100 via wireless communication.

[0068] Specifically, after the protective switch 100, energy storage device 300, and mobile terminal 900 establish a communication relationship, the protective switch 100 can control the energy storage device 300 to activate its AC output function and output AC power when a mains power failure is detected. Furthermore, the protective switch 100 can also transmit the power supply status of the energy storage device 300 activating its AC output function to power the household load 400 to the household electricity application on the mobile terminal 900, and can display the power supply status on the mobile terminal 900 application. This power supply status can include information such as the electrical connection between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400, and the duration of power supply.

[0069] For example, the application of the mobile terminal 900 can display the electrical connection status between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400. If the electrical connection between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400 is normal, the energy storage device 300 can supply power to the household load 400 normally, and the application will display the status of normal connection between the two. If the electrical connection between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400 is disconnected, the energy storage device 300 stops supplying power to the household load 400, and the application will display the status of disconnection between the two.

[0070] In this way, users can conveniently know the power supply status of the energy storage device 300 to the household load 400 in real time through the mobile terminal 900.

[0071] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the communication module 102 of the protection switch 100 includes a first communication unit 1021. The energy storage device 300 includes a second communication unit 301, and the first communication unit 1021 and the second communication unit 301 are respectively communicatively connected to the mobile terminal 900. The second communication unit 301 can establish a communication connection with the first communication unit 1021 through the mobile terminal 900.

[0072] In other words, the protective switch 100 of this application can have wired or wireless communication functions, and is equipped with a first communication unit 1021, which may include an IoT card, etc. The connected energy storage device 300 can also have wired or wireless communication functions, and is equipped with a second communication unit 301, which may also include an IoT card, etc. The first communication unit 1021 and the second communication unit 301 can be mutually bound through a mobile terminal 900 to establish a wireless communication relationship, realizing remote intelligent control of the connection and disconnection of the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400 by the protective switch 100 through the mobile terminal 900, making it more intelligent.

[0073] Additionally, it is understandable that if the user selects an energy storage device 300 without wireless communication capabilities, the energy storage device 300 cannot be bound to the protection switch 100. In this case, the connection and disconnection of the energy storage device 300 can be manually operated by the user, enabling the energy storage device 300 without wireless communication capabilities to also have the function of providing emergency backup power for the home.

[0074] In some implementations, the protection switch 100 is also used to receive user control commands from the mobile terminal 900 and control the connection status between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400 according to the user control commands.

[0075] Specifically, user control commands may include, for example, switching control commands for the energy storage device 300, control commands for adjusting the output power of the energy storage device 300, switching control commands for the protection switch 100, or other control commands, without limitation.

[0076] Understandably, since the protective switch 100, the energy storage device 300, and the mobile terminal 900 establish a communication relationship, not only can the protective switch 100 and the energy storage device 300 transmit information to the mobile terminal 900 and display it on the application of the mobile terminal 900, but similarly, users can also remotely control the energy storage device 300 and the protective switch 100 through the home electricity application of the mobile terminal 900, making it more convenient, faster, and more intelligent.

[0077] Thus, this application establishes a local area network by binding the energy storage device 300 with wireless communication function and the protection switch 100 through the same mobile terminal 900, enabling users to remotely control the operation of the energy storage device 300 and the protection switch 100 via the network on the mobile terminal 900, which is convenient for users to use and manage, and makes the control more intelligent.

[0078] In some implementations, when the energy storage device 300 is powered on, the protection switch 100 is used to read the energy storage information of the energy storage device 300 and display the energy storage information on the mobile terminal 900.

[0079] Specifically, the energy storage information includes the model of the energy storage device 300, its power supply capacity, and its remaining capacity.

[0080] Thus, this application binds the energy storage device 300 with wireless communication function and the protection switch 100 to the same mobile terminal 900 to establish a local area network. The protection switch 100 can automatically read the energy storage information of the energy storage device 300 and transmit the energy storage information to the mobile terminal 900 and display it on the mobile terminal 900, so that users can view the energy storage information of the energy storage device 300 in real time through the mobile terminal 900.

[0081] In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 is also used to issue a mains power supply alert when the mains power supply is detected during the process of the energy storage device 300 supplying power to the household load 400.

[0082] Specifically, if mains power is restored during the process of energy storage device 300 supplying power to household load 400, the protection switch 100 detects the restoration and can notify the user of the restoration via a pre-set notification method. For example, the user can be notified of the restoration via sound and light alerts, or via push notifications to a mobile terminal 900 that is wirelessly connected to the protection switch 100.

[0083] When a user receives a notification from the protection switch 100 that the mains power has been restored, they can manually turn off the AC output function of the energy storage device 300 and then manually close the switch 101 to restore the mains power supply.

[0084] When the protection switch 100 and the energy storage device 300 are bound to the same mobile terminal 900 to establish a local area network, the user receives a notification of a mains power call. The user can also remotely turn off the AC output function of the energy storage device 300 through the application on the mobile terminal 900, and then restore the mains power supply by setting the protection switch 100 to close the switch 101 or by manually closing the switch 101 through the mobile terminal 900.

[0085] In one example, if the prompt from the protection switch 100 is a voice prompt, the voice prompt could be: "Main power has been restored. Please turn off the AC power output function of the energy storage device and then close the main circuit switch!"

[0086] Understandably, if the AC output function of the energy storage device 300 is not turned off first to disconnect the electrical connection between the energy storage device 300 and the household load 400, the closed switch 101 cannot be unlocked. Therefore, when the energy storage device 300 is supplying power to the household load 400, the protection switch 100 of this application detects a mains power supply and issues a mains power supply warning, which can remind the user to turn off the AC output function of the energy storage device 300 in time, thereby unlocking the closed switch 101 and ensuring the normal operation of the internal circuit of the power distribution system 10.

[0087] Thus, this application can issue a mains power alert when the mains power is detected during the process of the energy storage device 300 supplying power to the household load 400, so that the user can promptly shut off the AC output function of the energy storage device 300 and unlock the closed switch 101, ensuring the normal operation of the internal circuit of the power distribution system 10.

[0088] Please see Figure 10 In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 also includes a motor 1042. The control module 104 is connected to the sampling module 103 and the motor 1042 respectively. The motor 1042 is connected to the switch 101. The control module 104 is used to control the motor 1042 to disconnect the switch 101 and control the energy storage device 300 to supply power to the household load 400 when the sampling module 103 detects that the first terminal G1 is de-energized and the household load 400 is connected to the energy storage device 300.

[0089] When the mains power fails, sampling modules 10 and 3 can control motor 1042 to drive switch 101 to disconnect as soon as they detect the power failure, thus disconnecting the household load 400 from the mains power and making the household load 400 an independent module. At this time, if the user has an energy storage device 300, they can connect the energy storage device 300 to the household load 400 and activate its AC output function. The energy storage device 300 can be connected to any wall socket 500 in the home. In other words, this application can provide AC power from the energy storage device 300 to the household load 400 through any wall socket 500 in any room of the home, thereby providing AC power to the entire household.

[0090] For example, such as Figure 11As shown, the energy storage device 300 can be connected to a wall socket 500 in the living room, or it can be connected to a wall socket 500 in another room. This application can determine the connection location of the energy storage device 300 based on the user's convenient access location, and can also determine the connection location of the energy storage device based on the maximum power of the energy storage device 300 used.

[0091] Thus, when the sampling module 103 detects that the first terminal G1 is de-energized and the household load 400 is connected to the energy storage device 300, this application can control the motor 1042 to work through the control module 104 to disconnect the switch 101 and control the energy storage device 300 to supply power to the household load 400. That is, the power supply source of the household load 400 can be switched through the protection switch 100 composed of the control module 104, the sampling module 103 and the motor 1042.

[0092] Please see Figure 10 In some embodiments, the motor 1042 includes a mechanical transmission unit 10421 and a mechanical locking unit 10422. The mechanical locking unit 10422 is connected to the mechanical transmission unit 10421, and both the mechanical transmission unit 10421 and the mechanical locking unit 10422 are connected to the control module 104. The control module 104 is also used to control the mechanical transmission unit 10421 to move to disconnect the switch 101 when the first terminal G1 is de-energized, and to control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 to keep the switch 101 in the disconnected state for a preset period of time after the energy storage device 300 starts supplying power to the household load 400.

[0093] Specifically, the mechanical transmission unit 10421 can be a drive shaft. Correspondingly, the protection switch 100 also includes a control module 104 connected to the drive shaft via a drive shaft control circuit. When the mains power fails, the sampling module 103 can control the drive shaft to rotate via the drive shaft control circuit as long as it detects the mains power failure, thereby controlling the switch 101 to disconnect, thus disconnecting the household load 400 from the mains power and making the household load 400 an independent module.

[0094] The preset time can be, for example, 0 seconds (s), 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.3s, 0.4s, 0.5s, 0.6s, 0.7s, 0.8s, or 1s, and is not limited here. When the preset time is 0s, the control module 104 can simultaneously control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 after the first terminal G1 loses power and the energy storage device 300 starts supplying power to the household load 400, so as to keep the switch 101 in the open state. When the preset time is 0.1s, the control module 104 can control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 within 0.1s after the mains power fails and the energy storage device 300 starts supplying power to the household load 400, so as to keep the switch 101 in the open state.

[0095] Understandably, when the mains power fails and the energy storage device 300 provides AC power to the household load 400, or within a preset time, the control module 104 controls the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421. This locks the mechanical transmission unit 10421 in a rotating state where the switch 101 is in the open state, preventing the user from accidentally touching the switch 101 while the energy storage device 300 is supplying power to the household load 400, thus preventing the household load 400 from connecting to the mains power and causing the energy storage device 300 to malfunction and pose an electrical hazard.

[0096] In detail, when the switch 101 is disconnected and the energy storage device 300 supplies power to the household load 400, the sampling module 103 can simultaneously collect the current values ​​of the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2, and the control module 104 determines whether there is electricity on both sides of the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 based on the current values.

[0097] If the sampling module 103 samples a current value of 0 at the first terminal G1, and the sampling module 103 samples a current value of not 0 or a large current value at the second terminal G2, then the control module 104 can determine that the first terminal G1 is not powered and the mains power is still in a power-off state, while the second terminal G2 is powered. Therefore, the control module 104 can control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 to keep the switch 101 in the open state, and record that the power distribution system 10 is in the energy storage emergency backup power state at this time.

[0098] If the sampling module 103 samples a current value that is not 0 or is a large current value at the first terminal G1, and the sampling module 103 samples a current value that is not 0 or is a large current value at the second terminal G2, then the control module 104 can determine that the first terminal G1 is energized, the mains power is in the power-on state, and the second terminal G2 is energized. Therefore, the control module 104 can control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 to keep the switch 101 in the open state and remind the user that the mains power is on, so that the user can turn off the AC power output function of the energy storage device 300 in time or disconnect the energy storage device 300 from the energy storage access terminal 30, and then turn off the switch 101 manually or through the application (APP) on the mobile terminal 900 to restore the mains power to supply power to the household load 400.

[0099] If the sampling module 103 samples a current value that is not 0 or is a large current value at the first terminal G1, and the sampling module 103 samples a current value that is 0 at the second terminal G2, then the control module 104 can determine that the first terminal G1 is energized, the mains power is on, and the second terminal G2 is de-energized. This indicates that the energy storage device 300 has shut down its AC power output function or has disconnected its connection from the energy storage access terminal 30, and the energy storage device 300 has stopped supplying power to the household load 400. Therefore, the control module 104 can directly control the closing switch 101 to restore the mains power to the household load 400.

[0100] like Figure 10 As shown, the control module 104 is electrically connected to the first end of the sampling module 103, the second end of the sampling module 103 is electrically connected to the second end G2, and the third end of the sampling module 103 is electrically connected to the first end G1. The sampling module 103 is used to collect the electrical signals of the second end G2 and the first end G1. The control module 104 is used to determine whether the first end G1 is energized and whether the second end G2 is energized based on the electrical signals, and to control the mechanical locking unit 10422 to lock or unlock the mechanical transmission unit 10421, or to control the switch 101 to close or open.

[0101] Specifically, the sampling module 103 can collect the electrical signals from the second terminal G2 and the first terminal G1, and then send the sampled electrical signals to the control module 104. The control module 104 can then determine whether there is power at the mains input terminal and whether there is power at the second terminal G2 based on the electrical signals, and control the switch 101 to close or open. The electrical signals can be current signals or voltage signals, and there is no limitation on this.

[0102] In detail, when the sampling module 103 samples a current value of the first terminal G1 that is not 0 or is a large current value, and the household load 400 is not connected to the energy storage device 300, the control module 104 can determine that the first terminal G1 is energized, that is, determine that the mains power is normal. At this time, it can control the switch 101 to close, so that the mains power supplies the household load 400.

[0103] When the sampling module 103 samples the current value of the first terminal G1 as 0, and the household load 400 is connected to the energy storage device 300, the control module 104 can determine that the first terminal G1 is not connected to the mains power, that is, the mains power is off. At this time, the switch 101 can be controlled to open, so that the energy storage device 300 supplies power to the household load 400.

[0104] In other words, the protection switch 100 of this application can collect the electrical signals of the first terminal G1 and the second terminal G2 in real time by setting the sampling module 103, so that the control module 104 can determine whether there is power on both sides of the mains power and the household load 400, and then make corresponding intelligent control to bring convenience to the user's life. At the same time, it can ensure the convenience and safety of the user in the process of using the energy storage device 300 for household emergency backup power, and can avoid the abnormal situation of short circuit between the energy storage device 300 and the mains power, thus ensuring the safety of the user in using the energy storage device 300 for emergency power supply.

[0105] Thus, the protection switch 100 of this application can lock the mechanical transmission unit 10421 by controlling the mechanical locking unit 10422 through the control module 104 at the moment of mains power failure and when the energy storage device 300 provides AC power to the household load 400, or within a preset time, thereby preventing circuit failure when the energy storage device 300 supplies power to the household load 400 and ensuring circuit safety when the energy storage device 300 supplies power.

[0106] In some embodiments, this application also provides a power distribution cabinet 700, including the protective switch 100 in the above embodiments.

[0107] The distribution cabinet 700 is a metal or insulated plastic enclosure integrating various electrical components. The protective switch 100 is the core component of the distribution cabinet 700, responsible for controlling the connection and disconnection of the primary AC power source and the load, protecting the circuit from overload and short circuit damage. In addition to the protective switch 100, the distribution cabinet 700 also includes a wiring system connecting each load branch, a circuit breaker 600, and wall sockets 500. The distribution cabinet 700 makes it easier to connect and disconnect power to the entire household or a specific circuit. By scientifically and rationally distributing the single primary power source entering the household to multiple independent circuits in various areas of the home through the distribution cabinet 700, zoned and functional power supply can be achieved.

[0108] In some embodiments, this application also provides a power distribution system 10, including a power distribution cabinet 700, an energy storage device 300, and multiple load branches.

[0109] like Figure 1 The power distribution system 10 includes a first power source 200, a distribution cabinet 700, and multiple load branches. The load branches include branches containing m household loads 400 that are only electrical devices, and branches containing n energy storage devices 300.

[0110] The energy storage device 300 is connected to the power supply branch via a power supply interface. The energy storage device 300 supplies power to multiple load branches via the power supply interface.

[0111] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 300 is connected to the load branch via a grid-connected / off-grid interface. The grid-connected / off-grid interface allows the energy storage device 300 to switch between grid-connected and off-grid modes. In grid-connected mode, the energy storage device 300 provides a public grid connection for primary power supply, enabling charging or discharging operations and participation in grid demand response or ancillary services. In off-grid mode, the energy storage device 300 is disconnected from the public grid, forming an independent microgrid to supply power to critical loads on other local load branches, ensuring the continuous operation of these critical loads.

[0112] Among them, the household load 400 includes air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, electric water heaters, televisions, lighting equipment, office equipment, and other appliances that only consume electricity.

[0113] Through the protective switch 100 provided in this embodiment, the power distribution system 10 can automatically switch to the energy storage device 300 for power supply when the first power source 200 fails, and automatically switch back to the first power source when the first power source is restored. In addition, the power distribution system 10 also controls the on / off switching of different loads through the distribution cabinet 700 and wall sockets 500, realizing power supply management for various areas or devices in the home power grid. Through the communication interface, it enables communication with the energy storage device 300 and other smart devices, supporting remote monitoring of the home power grid's operating status and remote control. The power distribution system 10 can achieve intelligent power management and load control, improving the flexibility and reliability of household electricity use.

[0114] Please see Figure 11 In some embodiments, the main output line L1 directly output from the distribution cabinet 700 branches into multiple output branches L2. The main output line is electrically connected to the multiple output branches L2, and each output branch L2 includes a power input terminal G3, a household load connection terminal G4, and a circuit breaker 600. The power input terminal G3 is connected to the switch 101. The circuit breaker 600 is disposed between the power input terminal G3 and the household load connection terminal G4, and is used to control the opening and closing of the path between the power input terminal G3 and the household load connection terminal G4. The circuit breaker 600 can be a protective switch.

[0115] Specifically, such as Figure 11As shown, each of the bathroom, room 1, room 2, living room and kitchen in the user’s home is equipped with a corresponding output branch L2. That is, each household distribution cabinet 700 is equipped with a household load access terminal G4 to be electrically connected to the household loads 400 of different household areas. The power consumption of the household loads 400 in each household area can be controlled by the opening and closing of the circuit breaker 600.

[0116] For example, when the circuit breaker 600 corresponding to the bathroom is closed, the power input terminal G3 of the bathroom and the household load connection terminal G4 are connected, allowing household loads 400 in the bathroom, such as lights and heaters, to connect to AC power and operate normally. When the circuit breaker 600 corresponding to the bathroom is open, the power input terminal G3 of the bathroom and the household load connection terminal G4 are disconnected, preventing household loads 400 in the bathroom, such as lights and heaters, from connecting to AC power and thus stopping operation.

[0117] For example, in the event of a mains power outage and the switch 101 being disconnected, if the energy storage device 300 is connected to the sixth wall socket 500 in the living room, its AC output function can be activated. Furthermore, through any wall socket 500 in any room of the household load 400, the connection location can be freely determined by the user or the power consumption, providing AC power to the entire household. The wall socket 500 can be a special wall socket 500 configured to provide power to the energy storage device 300.

[0118] Furthermore, when the energy storage device 300 supplies power to the household load 400 via the second terminal G2 connected to the wall socket 500 in the household area, the power supply of the energy storage device 300 is determined by the maximum power of the energy storage device 300 used and the overcurrent capability of the wall socket 500 and the circuit breaker 600 on the branch where the wall socket 500 is located.

[0119] Thus, the power distribution cabinet 700 of this application can achieve power control of loads in different household areas by setting multiple output branches L2.

[0120] In some embodiments, the protection switch 100 is also used to adjust the voltage range that the second terminal G2 can receive so that the output voltage of the energy storage device 300 matches the input voltage of the second terminal G2.

[0121] Understandably, since different countries have different requirements for household AC power, the output voltage of the energy storage device 300 will also differ when using it for emergency power supply. Therefore, the output voltage of the energy storage device 300 needs to be matched with the voltage used in the household in order for the energy storage device 300 to operate normally and supply power to the household load 400.

[0122] It is understood that in the specific implementation of this application, data related to user identity or characteristics is involved. When the above embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0123] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective switch for use in an electrical power distribution system, characterized by, The power distribution system includes a first power source, an energy storage device, and multiple load branches, wherein the multiple load branches are connected in parallel, and at least one of the load branches is connected to the energy storage device. The protection switch includes: A switching device, wherein a first end of the switching device is connected to a first power source, and a second end of the switching device is connected to multiple load branches; A communication module, which communicates with the energy storage device; A sampling module is connected to the first and second ends of the switching element. The sampling module is used to detect whether the first and second ends of the switching element are de-energized and to generate a first detection signal characterizing whether the first power supply is de-energized and a second detection signal characterizing whether the energy storage device is de-energized. The control module, connected to the sampling module and the communication module, can control the closing of the switch. When the first power supply fails, the switch is disconnected, and the control module is used to send a first signal to the energy storage device through the communication module so that the energy storage device can provide a second power supply to the other load branches. When the first power supply is powered on, the control module is also used to send a second signal to the energy storage device through the communication module, so that the energy storage device disconnects the power supply and, when it is determined based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal that the first power supply is powered on and the energy storage device is powered off, controls the switch to close.

2. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electrical connection port, which is connected to an external power source so that the external power source supplies power to the sampling module, the communication module and the control module.

3. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching element is a normally open switch; or, the control module controls the switching element to open when it determines that the first power supply has failed based on the first detection signal.

4. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is further configured to send a first signal to the energy storage device via the communication module when the first power supply fails and the energy storage device's power is greater than the preset backup power, so that the energy storage device can provide a second power supply to other load branches.

5. The protective switch according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The control module is also used to send a stop power supply signal to the energy storage device through the communication module when the power of the energy storage device is less than or equal to the preset backup power, so that the energy storage device stops providing second power to other load branches and controls the switch to close.

6. The protective switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a switching power supply, which is connected to the electrical connection port, and the external power supply supplies power to the communication module, the sampling module and the control module through the switching power supply.

7. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a switching power supply, which is connected to the first terminal of the switching element and / or the second terminal of the switching element. The first power supply and / or the energy storage device supply power to the communication module, the sampling module and the control module through the switching power supply.

8. The protective switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a circuit breaker power supply, which is used to supply power to the communication module, the sampling module and the control module when the first power supply fails. The circuit breaker power supply is connected to an external power supply for charging through the electrical connection port.

9. The protective switch according to claim 8, characterized in that, The circuit breaker power supply supplies power to the communication module, the sampling module, and the control module through the switching power supply.

10. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the communication module is connected to the control module, it is connected to the sampling module. After the first detection signal of the sampling module is sent to the control module, the control module forwards it to the communication module.

11. The protective switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a controller and a motor. The controller controls the operation of the motor, and the motor can drive the switch to close.

12. A power distribution cabinet, characterized in that, Includes the protective switch described in any one of claims 1-11.

13. A power distribution system, characterized in that, It includes the power distribution cabinet, energy storage device and multiple load branches as described in claim 12.

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