Stacked battery, photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, providing a tandem solar cell, a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system. The tandem solar cell includes: a crystalline silicon sub-cell; and a perovskite sub-cell stacked on top of the crystalline silicon sub-cell, comprising a perovskite layer. The perovskite layer includes a plurality of overlapping portions and a plurality of non-overlapping portions. Along a first direction, the thickness of the overlapping portions is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portions. The overlapping and non-overlapping portions extend along a second direction, and are alternately arranged along a third direction. The first direction is the thickness direction of the tandem solar cell, and the second and third directions are perpendicular to the first direction and intersect the third direction. Along the thickness direction of the tandem solar cell, because the thickness of the overlapping portions in the perovskite layer is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portions, sunlight can be reflected and absorbed between the overlapping and non-overlapping portions, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to tandem cells, photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic systems. Background Technology

[0002] A perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is a type of solar cell in which a perovskite sub-cell is set on a crystalline silicon sub-cell.

[0003] Perovskite sub-cells can absorb high-energy short-wavelength photons such as blue and green light from sunlight and convert them into electrical energy, while allowing low-energy infrared light to pass through. Crystalline silicon sub-cells can absorb the transmitted low-energy infrared light and convert it into electrical energy.

[0004] The light absorption rate of existing perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells is relatively low. Therefore, how to improve the light absorption rate of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells has become an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a tandem solar cell, a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system that can improve the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, a tandem solar cell is provided, comprising: a crystalline silicon sub-cell; and a perovskite sub-cell stacked on top of the crystalline silicon sub-cell, comprising a perovskite layer, the perovskite layer comprising a plurality of overlapping portions and a plurality of non-overlapping portions, wherein along a first direction, the thickness of the overlapping portions is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portions, the overlapping portions and non-overlapping portions extend along a second direction, and the overlapping portions and non-overlapping portions are alternately arranged along a third direction, the first direction being the thickness direction of the tandem solar cell, the second direction and the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the second direction intersecting the third direction.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the width of the overlapping portion along the third direction is 500 μm-1500 μm.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, along the first direction, at least one edge of the orthogonal projection of the overlapping portion onto the surface where the crystalline silicon sub-cell and the perovskite sub-cell are in contact is serrated, and the edge is parallel to the second direction.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, along the first direction, one edge of the orthographic projection is serrated, the other edge opposite to the first edge is straight, and the one edge and the other edge are parallel to the second direction.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the thickness of the overlapping portion along the first direction is 1400nm-2000nm.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the thickness of the non-overlapping portion along the first direction is 700 nm to 1400 nm.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the surface of the overlapping portion away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell is irregular.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the surface has a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of concave points, and along the first direction, the height difference between any one of the protrusions and any one of the concave points is 50nm-400nm.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, multiple protrusions are located on the same straight line.

[0016] In a second aspect, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes the tandem cells provided in the first aspect and any embodiment thereof.

[0017] Thirdly, a photovoltaic system is provided, which includes the photovoltaic modules provided in the second aspect.

[0018] Based on the stacked battery provided by this utility model, along the thickness direction of the stacked battery, since the thickness of the overlapping part in the perovskite layer is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping part, when sunlight is incident on the non-overlapping part, part of the sunlight is absorbed, and the other part of the sunlight is reflected to the thicker overlapping part and re-absorbed by the overlapping part. This allows sunlight to be reflected and absorbed between the overlapping and non-overlapping parts, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the stacked battery. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a stacked battery provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 2 A top view of a stacked battery provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 3 A top view of yet another stacked battery provided in this application;

[0022] Figure 4 A top view of a stacked battery provided for this application;

[0023] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of another stacked battery provided in this application.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] Stacked cell-10, crystalline silicon sub-cell-101, perovskite sub-cell-102, perovskite layer-1021, overlapping part-10211, non-overlapping part-10212. Detailed Implementation

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this embodiment of the invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0027] Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of this utility model to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0028] It is understood that the term "embodiment" used throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the various embodiments throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It is understood that in the various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] It is understood that in this utility model, "when," "if," and "if" all refer to the corresponding processing that will be carried out under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a specific time, nor do they require a judgment action to be performed, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0030] It is understood that some optional features in the embodiments of this utility model can be implemented independently in certain scenarios without relying on other features, such as the current solution on which they are based, to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Alternatively, they can be combined with other features as needed in certain scenarios. Correspondingly, the device given in the embodiments of this utility model can also implement these features or functions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0031] In this utility model, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In the various embodiments and implementation methods of this utility model, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments and between the implementation methods of different embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. The technical features in different embodiments and between the implementation methods of different embodiments can be combined according to their inherent logical relationships to form new embodiments, implementation methods, implementation methods, or implementation approaches. The following embodiments of this utility model do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] A perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is a type of solar cell in which a perovskite sub-cell is set on a crystalline silicon sub-cell.

[0033] Perovskite sub-cells can absorb high-energy short-wavelength photons such as blue and green light from sunlight and convert them into electrical energy, while allowing low-energy infrared light to pass through. Crystalline silicon sub-cells can absorb the transmitted low-energy infrared light and convert it into electrical energy.

[0034] To fabricate perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells, the existing method involves first depositing an inorganic phase onto a substrate using an evaporation method, and then treating the deposited surface with an organic ammonium salt using a solution method to obtain a perovskite layer of uniform thickness. However, the light absorption rate of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells produced by the existing method is relatively low. Therefore, how to improve the light absorption rate of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0035] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides a stacked battery, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the tandem solar cell 10 includes: a crystalline silicon sub-cell 101; and a perovskite sub-cell 102 stacked on top of the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101, including a perovskite layer 1021. The perovskite layer 1021 includes a plurality of overlapping portions 10211 and a plurality of non-overlapping portions 10212. Along a first direction, the thickness of the overlapping portions 10211 is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portions 10212. The overlapping portions 10211 and non-overlapping portions 10212 extend along a second direction. The overlapping portions 10211 and non-overlapping portions 10212 are alternately arranged along a third direction. The first direction is the thickness direction of the tandem solar cell 10. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to the first direction and intersect the third direction.

[0036] Based on the stacked battery provided by this utility model, along the thickness direction of the stacked battery 10, since the thickness of the overlapping portion 10211 in the perovskite layer 1021 is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portion 10212, when sunlight is incident on the non-overlapping portion 10212, part of the sunlight is absorbed, and the other part of the sunlight is reflected to the thicker overlapping portion 10211, where it is reabsorbed. This allows sunlight to be reflected and absorbed between the overlapping portion 10211 and the non-overlapping portion 10212, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the stacked battery 10.

[0037] The angle between the second direction and the third direction can be a right angle, or an acute angle, or an obtuse angle. This utility model does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0038] The crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 can be a PERC cell, HJT cell, back contact cell, or TOPCon cell. Of course, the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 can also be other types of solar cells, and this utility model does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0039] The crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 is composed of a silicon substrate and a film layer disposed on the silicon substrate. For example, the silicon substrate is sequentially disposed with a tunneling oxide layer and a doped layer. Of course, the silicon substrate may also be disposed with other film layers, and this utility model does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0040] The silicon substrate can be polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or monocrystalline silicon, and this invention does not impose any specific restrictions on it.

[0041] The crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 can be connected to the perovskite sub-cell 102 via a transparent conductive oxide layer. This transparent conductive oxide layer is a transparent conductive layer that allows light and charge carriers to pass through it. For example, the transparent conductive oxide layer can be an indium tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, or a tungsten tin oxide layer. Of course, the transparent conductive oxide layer can also be a film layer made of other materials; this invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0042] A first electrode is also provided on the side of the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 away from the perovskite sub-cell 102. The first electrode can collect current and conduct it to an external circuit. The first electrode can be made of gold, silver, aluminum or copper. Of course, the first electrode can also be made of other conductive materials, and this utility model does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0043] The perovskite sub-cell 102 sequentially includes an electron transport layer in contact with a transparent conductive oxide layer, a perovskite layer 1021, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode.

[0044] The electron transport layer can selectively extract and transport electrons generated by the perovskite layer 1021, and block holes to prevent recombination at the interface. The electron transport layer can be a titanium dioxide layer or a tin dioxide layer; of course, the electron transport layer can also be a film layer made of other materials, and this invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0045] The hole transport layer can selectively extract and transport holes generated by the perovskite layer 1021, while blocking electrons. The hole transport layer can be a nickel oxide layer or a cuprous thiocyanate layer; of course, the hole transport layer can also be a film layer made of other materials, and this invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0046] The second electrode can collect current and conduct it to an external circuit. The polarity of the second electrode is different from that of the first electrode. The second electrode can be made of gold, silver, aluminum, or copper; of course, it can also be made of other conductive materials, and this invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0047] The perovskite layer 1021 in the perovskite sub-cell 102 can be prepared using inkjet printing technology. Specifically, an inorganic phase can be first deposited on the substrate by vapor deposition, and then an organic ammonium salt can be sprayed onto the surface of the substrate using inkjet printing technology. After subsequent curing and other processing steps, the perovskite layer 1021 can be obtained.

[0048] For example, the material for vapor deposition of the inorganic phase can be at least one of lead iodide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide or lead bromide. Of course, other materials can also be used to vapor deposit the inorganic phase, and this utility model does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0049] For example, the organic ammonium salt can be at least one of methylamine iodine, formamidinium iodine, or cesium iodine. Of course, the organic ammonium salt can also be other materials, and this utility model does not impose any specific limitations on it.

[0050] Inkjet printing is a technology that uses a printhead to spray tiny droplets of material onto the surface of an object, achieving material coverage. In the process of spraying organic ammonium salt droplets onto a substrate surface using inkjet printing, the printhead can be controlled to spray the organic ammonium salt droplets in an S-shaped path, creating an overlap between adjacent sprayed areas to ensure complete coating. Compared to non-overlapping areas, the overlapping areas are sprayed with organic ammonium salt twice, therefore the thickness of the overlapping areas is greater than that of the non-overlapping areas. After subsequent processing to obtain the perovskite layer 1021, the overlapping areas form the overlapping portion 10211, and the non-overlapping areas form the non-overlapping portion 10212.

[0051] The substrate includes the portion between the perovskite layer 1021 and the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 of the crystalline silicon sub-cell 102. This utility model will be explained and described in a unified manner here, and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0052] The perovskite layer 1021 is prepared by inkjet printing technology. The printhead does not directly contact the substrate surface, avoiding scratches or contamination that may occur in traditional coating processes. At the same time, the spraying, size and position of each organic ammonium salt droplet can be precisely controlled, and organic ammonium salt can be uniformly deposited on the substrate surface, reducing waste of organic ammonium salt and lowering the cost of the tandem battery 10.

[0053] Along the first direction, the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 is 700nm-1400nm. For example, the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 can be 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, or 1400nm. Of course, the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 can also have other values, and this invention does not impose specific limitations on this. In this way, by setting the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 within a suitable range, it is possible to avoid reducing the absorption and conversion efficiency of sunlight by the perovskite sub-cell 102 due to the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 being too small, and it is also possible to avoid increasing the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102 due to the thickness h1 of the non-overlapping portion 10212 being too large. Setting an appropriate thickness for the non-overlapping portion 10212 can increase the absorption and conversion efficiency of sunlight by the perovskite sub-cell 102 and reduce the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102.

[0054] Along the first direction, the thickness h2 of the overlapping portion 10211 is 1400nm-2000nm. The thickness h2 of the overlapping portion 10211 can be understood as the thickness of the overlapping portion 10211. For example, the thickness h2 of the overlapping portion 10211 can be 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 1800nm, 1900nm, or 2000nm. Of course, the thickness h2 of the overlapping portion 10211 can also have other values, and this utility model does not impose specific limitations on this. Thus, by setting the thickness h1 of the overlapping portion 10211 within a suitable range, it is possible to avoid a situation where the thickness h1 of the overlapping portion 10211 is too small, resulting in a low height of the overlapping portion 10211 protruding from the non-overlapping portion 10212, leading to fewer reflections of sunlight between the overlapping portion 10211 and the non-overlapping portion 10212, thereby reducing the absorption efficiency of sunlight by the perovskite sub-cell 102. Conversely, it is also possible to avoid a situation where the thickness h1 of the overlapping portion 10211 is too large, thereby increasing the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102. Setting a suitable thickness for the overlapping portion 10211 can increase the absorption and conversion efficiency of sunlight by the perovskite sub-cell 102 and reduce the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102.

[0055] Along a third direction, the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 is 500μm-1500μm. For example, the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 can be 500μm, 700μm, 900μm, 1100μm, 1300μm, or 1500μm. Of course, the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 can also have other values, and this utility model does not impose specific limitations on this. In this way, by setting the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 within a suitable range, the risk of voids appearing in the perovskite layer 1021 during the spraying process can be avoided due to the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 being too small, and the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102 can be avoided due to the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 being too large. Setting an appropriate width for the overlapping portion 10211 can improve the coverage integrity of the perovskite layer 1021 and reduce the cost of the perovskite sub-cell 102.

[0056] During the process of spraying organic ammonium salt droplets, the spraying times of two adjacent spraying areas are different. During the subsequent curing process, the diffusion time of organic ammonium salt droplets in the first sprayed area is longer, and the edge of the droplets is flat. In the second sprayed area, the diffusion time of organic ammonium salt droplets is shorter, and the edge of the droplets is serrated. The shape of the edge of the overlapping part 10211 can be controlled by controlling the duration between the spraying time and the curing time.

[0057] In some embodiments, along a first direction, at least one edge of the overlapping portion 10211, as projected onto the surface where the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 and the perovskite sub-cell 102 contact, is serrated, and this edge is parallel to a second direction. Thus, by setting at least one edge of the overlapping portion 10211 as a serrated edge, when sunlight is incident on a serrated portion of the edge of the overlapping portion 10211, a portion of the sunlight is absorbed, and another portion is reflected to an adjacent serrated portion, where it is reabsorbed. This allows sunlight to be reflected and absorbed multiple times between the serrated portions of the edge, thereby further increasing the light absorption rate of the tandem cell 10. Figures 2-4 As shown, one edge of the orthographic projection is serrated, and the other edge opposite to it is straight. Both edges are parallel to the second direction. Because the diffusion time of the organic ammonium salt droplets in the post-sprayed area is shorter, the non-overlapping portion 10212 adjacent to the first edge is formed first, while the non-overlapping portion 10212 not adjacent to the first edge is formed later. It should be noted that the curvature of the serrated edge in the orthographic projection can be arbitrary, and this invention does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0058] Within the same edge, the curvature of the serrated lines at different locations can be the same or different; this invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0059] When the two edges of an orthographic projection are serrated, the curvature range of the serrations on each edge can be the same or different. That is, the curvature of the serration on one edge can be larger, and the curvature of the serration on the other edge can be smaller.

[0060] When at least one edge of the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 10211 parallel to the second direction is serrated, the width d1 of the overlapping portion 10211 can be the maximum width of the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 10211 along the third direction, or it can be the minimum width of the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 10211 along the third direction, or it can be the average width of the orthographic projection of the overlapping portion 10211 along the third direction. This utility model does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0061] Organic ammonium salts are sprayed onto the substrate surface in the form of droplets. After the organic ammonium salt droplets fall, they spread outwards from the point of impact. Therefore, the liquid level of the organic ammonium salt droplets is relatively high at the point of impact, and relatively low around the point of impact. Figure 5 As shown, the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 is uneven. Thus, because the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 is uneven, when sunlight strikes a protruding part of the surface of the overlapping portion 10211, part of the sunlight is absorbed, and the other part is reflected to an adjacent protruding part, where it is reabsorbed by the overlapping portion 10211. This allows sunlight to be reflected and absorbed between the protruding parts of the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101, further increasing the light absorption rate of the tandem cell 10.

[0062] Because the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 is uneven, the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 has multiple protrusions and multiple concave points. A protrusion refers to the apex of the uneven structure, and a concave point refers to the depression between adjacent uneven structures. Along the first direction, the height difference h3 between any protrusion and any concave point is 50nm-400nm. For example, the height difference h3 between any protrusion and any concave point is 50nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, or 400nm. Of course, the height difference h3 can also have other values, and this utility model does not impose specific limitations on it. Thus, by setting the height difference h3 between any one of the protrusions and any one of the concave points within a suitable range, it is possible to avoid a situation where the height difference h3 is too small, resulting in an overly smooth surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101, leading to fewer reflections and absorptions of sunlight between the protrusions and thus a low light absorption rate of the tandem cell 10. Conversely, it is also possible to avoid a situation where the height difference h3 is too large, resulting in an overly rough surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101, which would increase the difficulty of fabricating a film layer on the surface of the overlapping portion 10211. Setting a suitable height difference h3 between any one of the protrusions and any one of the concave points can increase the light absorption rate of the tandem cell 10 and reduce the difficulty of fabricating a film layer on the surface of the overlapping portion 10211.

[0063] Multiple bumps can be evenly distributed on the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101; or, multiple bumps can be located on the same straight line. In this way, the regularity of the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell 101 can be improved, and the difficulty of fabricating a film layer on the surface of the overlapping portion 10211 can be reduced.

[0064] This utility model also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes the stacked battery 10 provided in the above embodiments.

[0065] Furthermore, photovoltaic modules may also include a metal frame, a backsheet, photovoltaic glass, and an encapsulating film. The encapsulating film can be filled between the front and back of the tandem cells 10, as well as between the photovoltaic glass and adjacent tandem cells 10. As a filler, it can be a transparent colloid with good light transmittance and aging resistance. For example, the encapsulating film can be EVA film or POE film, and the specific choice can be made according to the actual situation, without limitation.

[0066] Photovoltaic glass can be applied to the encapsulating film on the front side of the tandem solar cell 10. The photovoltaic glass can be ultra-clear glass, which has high light transmittance, high transparency, and superior physical, mechanical, and optical properties. For example, ultra-clear glass can achieve a light transmittance of over 93%, protecting the tandem solar cell 10 while minimizing impact on its efficiency. Simultaneously, the encapsulating film bonds the photovoltaic glass and the tandem solar cell 10 together, providing sealing, insulation, waterproofing, and moisture protection for the tandem solar cell 10.

[0067] The backsheet can be attached to the adhesive film on the back of the tandem solar cell 10. The backsheet provides protection and support for the tandem solar cell 10, and possesses reliable insulation, water resistance, and aging resistance. Multiple options are available for the backsheet, typically tempered glass, acrylic glass, aluminum alloy TPT composite adhesive film, etc., and the specific choice depends on the specific circumstances and is not limited here. The backsheet, tandem solar cell 10, adhesive film, and photovoltaic glass can be housed within a metal frame. The metal frame serves as the main external support structure for the entire photovoltaic module, providing stable support and installation for the photovoltaic module. For example, the photovoltaic module can be installed at the desired location using the metal frame.

[0068] This utility model provides a photovoltaic system, including the photovoltaic module provided in the above embodiment.

[0069] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic system can be applied in photovoltaic power plants, such as ground-mounted power plants, rooftop power plants, and floating power plants. It can also be applied to equipment or devices that utilize solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar streetlights, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it is understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to these; that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that require solar energy to generate electricity. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple photovoltaic modules; for example, multiple photovoltaic modules can form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, which can collect the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The collected current flows through the inverter and is converted into AC power required by the mains power grid before being connected to the mains power grid to achieve solar power supply.

[0070] Although the present invention has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by reviewing the accompanying drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims in carrying out the claimed invention. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce a good effect.

[0071] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary descriptions of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the present invention. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and modifications of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A stacked battery, characterized by comprising: The stacked battery includes: Crystalline silicon sub-cells; A perovskite sub-cell, stacked on top of the crystalline silicon sub-cell, includes a perovskite layer. The perovskite layer includes a plurality of overlapping portions and a plurality of non-overlapping portions. Along a first direction, the thickness of the overlapping portions is greater than the thickness of the non-overlapping portions. The overlapping portions and the non-overlapping portions extend along a second direction. The overlapping portions and the non-overlapping portions are alternately arranged along a third direction. The first direction is the thickness direction of the stacked cell. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to the first direction, and the second direction intersects the third direction.

2. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein, Along the third direction, the width of the overlapping portion is 500μm-1500μm.

3. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein, Along the first direction, at least one edge of the orthogonal projection of the overlapping portion onto the surface where the crystalline silicon sub-cell and the perovskite sub-cell are in the shape of teeth, and the edge is parallel to the second direction.

4. The stacked battery of claim 2, wherein, Along the first direction, one edge of the orthographic projection is serrated, and the other edge opposite to the first edge is straight, and the first edge and the other edge are parallel to the second direction.

5. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein, Along the first direction, the thickness of the overlapping portion is 1400nm-2000nm.

6. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein, Along the first direction, the thickness of the non-overlapping portion is 700nm-1400nm.

7. The stacked battery of any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The overlapping portion has an uneven surface away from the crystalline silicon sub-cell.

8. The stacked battery of claim 7, wherein, The surface has multiple protrusions and multiple concave points, and along the first direction, the height difference between any protrusion and any concave point is 50nm-400nm.

9. The stacked battery of claim 8, wherein, The multiple protrusions are located on the same straight line.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module includes the tandem battery as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. A photovoltaic system characterized by, The photovoltaic system includes the photovoltaic module as described in claim 10.

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