Blockchain sharding systems and zero-knowledge proof systems

Abstract

The implementation modes are directed to a blockchain system that includes a global state and a set of blocks, wherein each block represents a collection of state transformation records, wherein each state transformation record describes a state transformation performed on the global state, wherein the preceding blocks referenced by any given block contain state transformation records that describe state transformations performed on the global state prior to the evaluation of the given block, and wherein at least one state transformation record is a zero-knowledge transformation record that encodes a zero-knowledge state transformation description, wherein the zero-knowledge transformation record comprises at least the following elements: paths that identify the locations of elements in a subset of discrete data,a revised data subset, and a transition proof implemented as a non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, wherein said transition proof demonstrates that the transition from the discrete data subset to the revised data subset follows the established rules of the blockchain system.