Dishwasher for operation in different low-voltage networks

Abstract

Dishwasher for operation in various on-site low-voltage networks, comprising: several electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1), a processor unit (307); a power controller (300), and a network input terminal (301) with several conductors for connecting the power controller (300) to the conductors of the on-site low-voltage network, which are supplied with a single-phase or multi-phase network voltage depending on the type of on-site low-voltage network; wherein the power controller (300) comprises: means (303, 307) for detecting the type of low-voltage network based on the single-phase or multi-phase network voltage of the on-site low-voltage network supplied to the power controller (300); and a switching unit (302, 304) for electrically connecting the conductors (L1, L2, L3, N) of the mains input terminal (301) with groups of consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) depending on the detected type of the on-site low-voltage network, wherein each group comprises at least one consumer element or several consumer elements connected in parallel to each other, and at least one switch (S1, S2, ..., T1, T2, ...) for controlling the power supply to the consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) of the respective group, wherein the switching unit (302, 304) comprises further switches to short-circuit individual conductors of the network input terminal (301), and the processor unit (307) is adapted to switch the switches depending on the detected type of low-voltage network to short-circuit individual conductors of the network input terminal (301) to each other.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA OF INVENTION The invention relates to a dishwasher designed for commercial use, in particular a (basket) pass-through dishwasher that can be operated in different low-voltage networks. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Dishwashers designed for commercial use, hereinafter also referred to as commercial dishwashers, are characterized, without restriction to the general public, by the fact that they are structurally designed for almost continuous operation, which places particularly high demands on pumps and power electrical components such as relays and contactors, which should function for millions of cycles without failure. Furthermore, commercial dishwashers are designed to clean dishes as quickly and hygienically as possible while using as little water and energy as possible. A wash cycle in a commercial dishwasher therefore typically lasts very short (usually only a few minutes) and requires only small amounts of fresh water (typically just a few liters). The water used for washing the dishes is heated electrically in a wash water tank and a boiler within the dishwasher by means of heating elements. Tubular heating elements are often used for this purpose. Since the tubular heating element can essentially be considered a resistor R that converts electrical energy into heat, the power P of the tubular heating element can be easily calculated as follows: where U is the electrical mains voltage of the low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected and R is the resistance of the tubular heating element. The current I through the tubular heating element, which must be appropriately protected by a fuse, can be calculated using this formula. The power output of the tubular heating element changes quadratically, and the current changes linearly with the voltage, if the resistance of the heating element remains constant. The following exemplary table, which makes no claim to be exhaustive, illustrates that there are many different mains voltages and fuse ratings for building-side mains connections worldwide: Table 1 Table 1 Germany400 V230 V16 A, 25 A, 32 A Switzerland 400 V 230 V 10 A, 16 A Great Britain 415 V 240 V 13 A, 16 A, 20 A, 32 A, 64 A Industrial networksEurope230 V. / .32 A, 50 A, 64 A Australia415 V240 V15A, 20A, 32A Japan200 V200 V20 A, 30 A Nets on ships 440 V / 20 A Philippines380 V220 V16 A, 32 A In addition, depending on the country, the low-voltage networks with three phases are designed as a delta network (three phases without a neutral conductor) or a star network (three phases with a neutral conductor). To ensure that the dishwasher can be operated on the respective low-voltage network and achieves optimal washing performance despite different network connections, dishwashers are conventionally fitted with different heating elements and pumps adapted to the network type, voltage, and fuse rating for different networks. Often, several heating elements are combined within the dishwasher. The different heating elements and pumps, in combination with different network types, voltages, and fuse ratings, result in a modified configuration of the entire electrical system. This high variance in heating elements, pumps, and their combinations, as well as the different power electrical circuits for the various low-voltage networks, results in a high variance in dishwashers. The inventory of heating elements and other power electronic components is extensive, the ordering and spare parts management for the machines is complicated and therefore prone to errors, and the maintenance of the dishwashers is correspondingly costly. Commercial dishwashers typically use very little water per wash cycle, but often have high energy consumption, especially in standby mode. Without making any general assumptions, it can be assumed that the wash water tank of a commercial rack-type dishwasher holds approximately 15 to 45 liters of water, and that 2.0 to 5.0 liters of fresh water are heated in the boiler per wash cycle. The tank water is circulated to clean the dishes. At the end of the wash cycle, the dishes are rinsed with hot fresh water from the boiler. The low water consumption is achieved by largely reusing the tank water for cleaning the dishes. The tank water is regenerated by the fresh water that is added from the boiler at the end of a wash cycle. Due to the very short wash cycles, the fresh water in the boiler must be heated from tap water temperature (approx. 10°C) very quickly (e.g., less than 2 minutes).The water in the boiler (5°C–25°C) is heated to approximately 80–85°C. This heating is done electrically via one or more heating elements with a power output of up to 12 kW. Simultaneously, the wash water tank is heated to maintain the dishwasher's tank temperature at approximately 62°C. Washing cold dishes, in particular, consumes a significant amount of energy from the tank. In a commercial pass-through dishwasher, the tank heating element typically has a power output of up to 5 kW. Traditionally, the water temperature in the boiler and the wash water tank is kept as constant as possible at the desired temperatures, which means that the heating elements of the boiler and the wash water tank are also subjected to power during periods when no wash cycle is active (standby mode) and accordingly increase the energy consumption of the dishwasher. EP 2 336 837 A1 describes a household appliance that can be operated in both normal and demonstration modes. The appliance's power supply circuitry can be connected either to the mains power supply or, alternatively, to a power supply unit. A detection device within the appliance recognizes whether it is connected to the mains power supply or the power supply unit. If the appliance is connected to the mains power supply, its control logic enables normal operation. If the appliance is connected to the power supply unit, the control logic enables demonstration operation. US 5 904 163 A describes a dishwasher that, similar to EP 2 336 837 A1, has a demonstration mode in addition to its normal wash mode, which can be selected via a special user input. In demonstration mode, components of the dishwasher are operated differently than in the normal wash mode. EP 1 603 223 A1 addresses the challenge of providing a variable-speed electric motor that maintains a constant speed even when using a commercial mains frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. This is achieved by switching the connection states of the electric motor windings without a separate drive device, thus reducing manufacturing costs, electrical vibration noise, and power consumption, while maintaining a constant motor speed across different commercial frequencies. JP H10-156 084 A shows a washing machine that can automatically adjust to a voltage difference from a power source. The washing machine detects the voltage of a power source using a voltage sensing circuit. When the detected voltage is 220 V, a control circuit switches on a first triac to apply 220 V to a common terminal and a second input tap. When the detected voltage is 127 V, it switches on a second triac to apply 127 V to the common terminal and a first input tap. Since the transformed output voltage is always 100 V, 100 V is always applied to a washing circuit, regardless of the voltage of the power source, without any switching operation taking place. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is to improve a dishwasher so that it can be operated in different low-voltage networks with as little modification as possible. This object is achieved by the subject matter of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. A further object of the invention is to provide a dishwasher that can be operated in an energy-saving manner. It is also desirable that, even when operating in an energy-saving mode, the dishwasher should be able to complete a cleaning cycle in the shortest possible time and ensure hygienic cleaning of the dishes. According to the invention, a (commercial) dishwasher is disclosed that automatically detects the building's low-voltage network to which it is connected and, based on this detection, optimally distributes the available power from the building's low-voltage network (optionally taking a safety reserve into account) to the individual electrical components of the dishwasher. For this purpose, a power controller can be provided in the dishwasher to manage the distribution of power from the low-voltage network. For example, the power controller can include a switching unit that connects the individual phases of the low-voltage network to the electrical components, depending on the detected low-voltage network.In addition, the consumer elements can be dynamically switched on and off, for example depending on the electrical consumer elements of the dishwasher required in the respective process step of the washing cycle. Another aspect of the disclosure, which can optionally be combined with the invention, relates to the energy-saving operation of a (commercial) dishwasher. According to this aspect, the dishwasher monitors the water temperatures in a tank or boiler during standby mode and ensures that a certain, preferably low, temperature is not undercut. This temperature is selected such that, in the event of a wash cycle starting (i.e., the wash operation is initiated and a wash cycle is completed), the water can be supplied at the desired (target) temperature, at the desired time, and optionally (depending on the embodiment) also in the desired quantity, in order to enable hygienic washing operation. For example, the fresh water temperature for rinsing the dishes in the boiler and / or the wash water temperature in the dishwasher's tank can be monitored in this way.Depending on the measured temperature, the dishwasher activates and deactivates the heating of the boiler and / or tank. Compared to conventional dishwashers, which maintain the water temperature in the boiler and / or tank at the desired target temperatures even in standby mode, the water temperature in this model is reduced to a minimum during standby. This significantly reduces the dishwasher's energy consumption in standby mode while simultaneously ensuring hygienic cleaning of the dishes. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a dishwasher, in particular a pass-through dishwasher, is proposed for operation in different voltage networks. The dishwasher comprises several electrical load elements, a power controller, and a mains input terminal with multiple conductors for connecting the power controller to the conductors of the building's low-voltage network, with one or more phases, in particular three phases. The power controller is able to detect the type of low-voltage network based on the single- or multi-phase mains voltage supplied to the power controller. Furthermore, the power controller includes a switching unit that electrically connects the conductors of the mains input terminal to groups of load elements depending on the detected type of low-voltage network.Each group comprises at least one consumer element or several consumer elements connected in parallel, and at least one switch to control the power supply to the consumer elements of the respective group. In exemplary embodiments, the switching unit can be designed as a single-stage, two-stage or multi-stage unit. In another exemplary embodiment, a separate switch is provided for each electrical load element of each group. Furthermore, the power controller can be designed as a power electronics board (PCB). It is also possible for the dishwasher's mains input terminal to form part of the power controller. The mains input terminal and / or the connections of all the dishwasher's load elements can, for example, be designed as a detachable connector, in particular as a plug. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dishwasher for detecting the power grid comprises a measuring unit for determining the number of phases of the power grid; and a processor unit for detecting the type of power grid based on the determined number of phases. The measuring unit can, for example, be designed to determine the relative (phase) position of the phases and / or the mains voltage of the low-voltage network. The processor unit can, for example, be adapted to recognize the type of voltage network based on the determined number of phases, the relative phase position, and / or the mains voltage. Which parameters are required to recognize the type of low-voltage network depends, among other things, on the low-voltage networks in which the dishwasher is to be used and what differences exist between these low-voltage networks with regard to voltage, number of phases, and relative phase position. In another exemplary embodiment, the processor unit is able to switch the switches of the switching unit and the groups of electrical load elements in such a way that the total current supplied to the electrical load elements does not exceed the fuse rating of the low-voltage network, optionally taking into account a safety margin. The power supply to each load element in at least one of the groups of electrical load elements can be individually controlled by the processor unit using a switch. Furthermore, it is possible that the processor unit uses the switches of the groups of electrical consumer elements to switch the power supply to the electrical consumer elements depending on the respective process step of a dishwasher wash cycle. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the processor unit of the dishwasher is adapted to read the protection of the low-voltage network from a memory of the line controller or the dishwasher or a coding circuit manually coded according to the protection. In another exemplary embodiment, the power controller includes a memory that stores configuration information. This configuration information can, for example, specify how the processor unit, depending on the detected (type of) low-voltage network and its protection, must instruct the controller unit to switch the switches of the switching unit and the individual groups of electrical loads so that the power of the low-voltage network is distributed to the electrical loads of the dishwasher in such a way that the total current does not exceed the protection of the low-voltage network, optionally taking into account a safety margin. Additionally, the configuration information in the memory can also contain the resistance values ​​of the individual electrical components of the dishwasher. Furthermore, the processor unit can read the configuration information for the respective detected low-voltage network and its protection from the memory and use this information to switch the switches of the control unit. Optionally, the processor unit can read the voltage of the low-voltage network from a memory of the line controller or the dishwasher, for example, if this voltage can or must be entered by the user. According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the switching unit is capable of connecting each phase of the mains voltage to a group of electrical loads. In practice, this connection can be configured as follows: If the detected low-voltage network is only a single-phase network, all loads are controlled by this single phase. In a delta network with three phases, the three phases are connected to a respective group (or groups) of electrical loads. In a three-phase low-voltage network with a neutral conductor, the three phases and the neutral conductor are connected to a respective group (or groups) of electrical loads. To enable a connection corresponding to the number of phases (and optionally also the voltage) of the detected (type of) low-voltage network, the power controller can, for example, include switches to connect each phase of the network voltage to a group of electrical loads. The switches can also be configured as short-circuit switches or bridges to short-circuit the conductors of the dishwasher's mains input terminal according to the detected low-voltage network, thus supplying the individual phases to the loads via the individual (possibly short-circuited) conductors. In one embodiment of the invention, the processor unit is able to switch these switches, depending on the detected type of low-voltage network, to short-circuit individual conductors of the mains input terminal and / or connect them to the groups of loads. The switches do not necessarily have to be provided in the dishwasher as part of the power controller; alternatively, corresponding switches or bridges can also be manually switched or set, e.g., during the installation of the dishwasher, according to the existing low-voltage network. In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the power controller for the consumer elements comprises several power regulators. These can, for example, be implemented as pulse width modulators. The power regulators serve to reduce the (electrical) power supplied to the consumer elements. Each power regulator supplies the reduced power to one electrical consumer element (or optionally several). In another embodiment, the dishwasher can also include a control unit that communicates with the power controller's processor unit via a data bus. The processor unit receives control signals from the control unit for the dishwasher's electrical components and controls the power supply to the respective components accordingly. In another implementation, the control unit's functionality can also be implemented within the power controller's processor unit itself. If the power controller and the control unit are implemented on different printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is advantageous to provide corresponding connectors on the PCBs to allow them to be coupled via a data cable, thus enabling communication between the control unit and the processor unit (power controller). Another embodiment relates to a pass-through dishwasher comprising a boiler with a boiler heater for heating fresh water and a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the fresh water in the boiler. The boiler provides fresh water for rinsing the items being washed during a wash cycle. The pass-through dishwasher also has a power controller for detecting the low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected, and a temperature control unit for continuously monitoring the fresh water temperature in the boiler using the temperature sensor while the dishwasher is in standby mode. The temperature control unit also regulates the power supply to the boiler heater during standby mode, ensuring that the water temperature in the boiler does not fall below a predetermined minimum temperature.The respective specified minimum boiler temperature is calculated based on the power output of the detected low-voltage network so that, in a rinsing cycle, the fresh water for rinsing is provided by the boiler in the desired quantity, at the desired temperature, and at the desired time in the rinsing cycle to enable hygienic rinsing operation. In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature control unit corresponds, for example, to the control unit or the processor unit of the power controller of the dishwasher described above. In another embodiment, the pass-through dishwasher also includes a wash water tank with a tank heater for heating the wash water and a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the wash water in the tank, as well as a circulation pump for circulating the wash water in the tank during the wash cycle to clean the items being washed. In standby mode, the temperature control unit continuously monitors the wash water temperature in the tank using the temperature sensor and controls the power supply to the tank heater in standby mode so that the wash water temperature in the tank does not fall below a predetermined minimum tank temperature, which depends on the power output of the detected low-voltage network. Optionally, the respective minimum tank temperature can be selected depending on the power of the detected low-voltage network so that the rinse water is provided from the water tank at the desired temperature and at the desired time during the rinse cycle. In one embodiment, the temperature control unit can, for example, prioritize the boiler heater over the tank heater in terms of power supply to ensure that, during a wash cycle, the fresh water for rinsing is supplied by the boiler in the desired quantity, at the desired temperature, and at the desired time in the wash cycle, thus ensuring hygienic operation. In such a case, it may happen that not enough residual power is available to prevent the rinse water temperature from falling below the predetermined tank temperature. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to prioritize the tank heater over the boiler heater in terms of power supply to ensure that, during a wash cycle, the rinse water from the rinse water tank is available at the desired temperature and at the desired time in the wash cycle for rinsing the items being washed, thus ensuring hygienic operation. The specified minimum temperature of the boiler or water tank can depend on various factors / parameters. For example, the specified minimum temperature of the boiler or water tank can (additionally) depend on at least one of the following parameters: the maximum power that can be supplied to the boiler or tank heater from the detected low-voltage network, the respective quantities of water from the boiler or water tank required in a flushing cycle, the desired temperatures of the respective quantities of water from the boiler or water tank required in the flushing cycle, and the point in the flushing cycle at which the respective quantities of water from the boiler or water tank should be available at the respective desired temperatures. Lowering the standby temperatures in the dishwasher's tank and / or boiler, as described above, saves energy because the tank and boiler do not need to be constantly heated to the target temperatures. This minimizes heat loss into the dishwasher's surroundings. Another embodiment relates to a method for saving energy in a pass-through dishwasher. According to this method, the low-voltage network to which the pass-through dishwasher is connected is detected, and the fresh water temperature in the dishwasher's boiler is continuously monitored while the dishwasher is in standby mode. The boiler is equipped with a boiler heater for heating the fresh water. According to the method, the power supply to the boiler heater is controlled during the standby mode of the pass-through dishwasher so that the fresh water temperature in the boiler does not fall below a predetermined minimum boiler temperature.The respective minimum boiler temperature is selected based on the power output of the detected low-voltage network so that, in a rinsing cycle, the fresh water is supplied by the boiler in the desired quantity, at the desired temperature and at the desired time in the rinsing cycle, in order to enable hygienic rinsing operation. In a further embodiment, the method can also include continuous monitoring of the wash water temperature in a wash water tank of the pass-through dishwasher, wherein it is further assumed that the wash water tank includes a tank heater for heating the wash water. The power supply to the tank heater is controlled during the standby operation of the pass-through dishwasher such that the wash water temperature in the wash water tank does not fall below a predetermined minimum tank temperature, the predetermined minimum tank temperature depending on the power output of the detected low-voltage network. As already shown, the respective minimum tank temperature can optionally be selected depending on the power of the detected low-voltage network so that the rinse water is provided from the water tank at the desired temperature and at the desired time during the rinse cycle. According to further embodiments of the method, it is possible to prioritize the boiler heating system over the tank heating system in terms of power supply. This ensures that, during a rinsing cycle, the boiler provides the required quantity of fresh water for rinsing at the desired temperature and time, thus guaranteeing hygienic rinsing operations. Alternatively, the tank heating system can also be prioritized over the boiler heating system in terms of power supply. This ensures that, during a rinsing cycle, the rinse water from the rinse water tank is provided at the desired temperature and time for rinsing the items being washed, thus guaranteeing hygienic rinsing operations. Another embodiment relates to a computer-readable medium that stores commands which, when executed by a processor unit of a pass-through dishwasher, cause the pass-through dishwasher to perform the steps of the method for saving energy in a pass-through dishwasher according to one of the various described embodiments. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention is described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the figures. Corresponding elements and details in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals. Fig. 1 shows a commercial pass-through dishwasher according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 shows a functional diagram of the pass-through dishwasher according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a power controller according to an embodiment of the invention, which controls the supply of power from the low-voltage network to a boiler heater, a tank heater, and the circulation pump of a dishwasher, Fig. 4 shows an exemplary connection of the individual electrical consumer elements in Fig. 3 in a star network, Fig. 5 shows an exemplary connection of the individual electrical consumer elements in Fig. 3 in an AC network, and Fig. 6 shows the exemplary connection of the individual electrical consumer elements in Fig.3 in a triangular network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the invention relates to the design of a dishwasher, particularly for commercial use, which can be operated in different low-voltage networks. Advantageously, the dishwasher is designed such that, despite the possibility of operating it in different low-voltage networks, ideally no differences in the dishwasher's construction are required, especially with regard to the (number of) installed heating elements, pumps, and power electronic components such as the power controller. According to this aspect of the invention, the dishwasher is able to independently detect the building's low-voltage network to which it is connected and, based on this detection, optimally distribute the available power from the building's low-voltage network (optionally including a safety reserve) to the individual electrical components of the dishwasher. This makes it possible to effectively utilize the maximum power of the detected low-voltage network. To ensure this distribution of the power supplied by the building's low-voltage network, the dishwasher includes a power controller that regulates the distribution of power from the low-voltage network. The power controller can include a switching unit that connects the individual phases of the low-voltage network to the electrical components, depending on the detected low-voltage network.The switching unit can be designed as a single-stage or multi-stage unit, as will be explained in more detail below. The electrical components considered according to the invention are not necessarily all electrical components of the dishwasher, but only those that can consume significant power. For example, these are electrical components that cause a current flow in the three-digit mA range or more, such as the circulation pump or heating element, or their heating coils for the boiler or wash water tank. Electrical components that consume only a small amount of current, e.g., in the two-digit mA range or less, do not need to be considered, but can be taken into account, for example, as a general rule (e.g., by a power reserve). Electrical components that carry very little current include, for example, solenoid valves for supplying fresh water or pumps for the detergent, the power consumption of the power controller itself or the control electronics, etc. The power controller can be implemented as a power electronic circuit board (PCB). In one embodiment, the power controller is semiconductor-based and mounted on a power electronic circuit board; that is, it primarily comprises power semiconductor components such as power diodes, thyristors, triacs, power MOSFETs, and / or IGTB components capable of switching the required currents and voltages occurring in a low-voltage network. Compared to the use of contactors, the use of power semiconductors in the power controller multiplies the number of switching cycles, significantly improving its service life. To detect the building's low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected, the dishwasher, according to one embodiment, includes a measuring unit and a processor unit. The measuring unit determines, for example, the number of phases in the building's low-voltage network and, optionally, their (relative) phase angle to each other and / or the voltage of the building's low-voltage network. Based on the information obtained about the building's low-voltage network, the processor unit then determines the type of low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected and configures the switching unit of the power controller so that the individual phases of the detected low-voltage network are supplied with power to the corresponding electrical loads. Optionally, the individual conductors of the mains connection can be additionally protected by a fuse. Furthermore, it is possible to configure certain aspects of the building's low-voltage network manually, for example, during the dishwasher's installation. For instance, the voltage of the low-voltage network and / or its on-site protection could also be configured manually. Depending on the low-voltage networks in which the dishwasher is to be operated, individual parameters of the low-voltage network can also be permanently configured / preset. The configuration information can, for example, be stored in a data memory of the dishwasher's power controller, which the processor unit can access for reading and, optionally, also for writing. In one embodiment of the invention, the power supply to each electrical load element can be individually controlled by the processor unit via a switch. Advantageously, each phase of the building's low-voltage network is connected to a group consisting of several electrical load elements, whereby the individual load elements can be supplied with power individually by means of their respective switches. Advantageously, this also ensures that the total current supplied to the electrical load elements, depending on the respective process step of the cleaning cycle, does not exceed the fuse rating of the low-voltage network, optionally including a safety margin. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electrical components of a pass-through dishwasher according to the invention, which are supplied with power from the building's low-voltage network by the power controller, comprise the heating elements of the radiators for the wash water tank and the boiler, as well as a circulation pump for circulating the wash water in the wash water tank. The circulation pump motor can also be controlled by a frequency converter. Optionally, further electrical components can be provided in the pass-through dishwasher, which can also be supplied with power by the power controller. These can include, for example, solenoid valves, dosing pumps for the detergent, a pump for supplying fresh water from the boiler, and / or a pump for draining wash water. These components typically consume very little power compared to the heating elements of the boiler or the wash water tank and the circulation pump.Therefore, it is possible that these low-power components of the dishwasher are already factored in with a safety margin and thus do not need to be explicitly considered by the power controller when distributing power from the detected low-voltage network. Of course, it is also possible to include low-power components in the distribution of the low-voltage network's connected load; however, this primarily increases the complexity of the power distribution. The invention is described in the following paragraphs primarily with regard to a dishwasher designed for commercial use, in particular a (basket) pass-through dishwasher. However, the principles of the invention are not limited to use in such a pass-through dishwasher. A pass-through dishwasher according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows a functionally illustrative diagram of the pass-through dishwasher according to Fig. 1. The exemplary pass-through dishwasher comprises a wash chamber in its upper area, which is formed on the one hand by the rear wall and the wash water tank of the pass-through dishwasher and on the other hand by the hood of the pass-through dishwasher, which, in this example, can be pivoted upwards to open. The wash chamber serves to hold the items to be cleaned. The dishes are cleaned by circulating the wash water in the wash water tank, which is located in the lower part of the wash chamber, as shown in Fig. 2. The wash water tank has a heating element to heat the wash water and typically holds approximately 15 to 45 liters of wash water. To clean the dishes, the dishwasher includes a rotatable spray arm, which is rotatably positioned in the lower part of the wash chamber, below the dishes to be cleaned. Additionally or alternatively, a spray arm can also be provided above the dishes, as shown by way of example in Fig. 2. The wash water is pumped into the spray arm (or arms) by means of the circulation pump and cleans the dishes. Furthermore, after the circulation phase of the wash cycle, the spray arm can be used to rinse the dishes with heated, clean water supplied from the boiler, thus simultaneously adding fresh water to the wash water in the tank.Alternatively, a separate rinse arm can be provided for this purpose. Appropriate pumps (motors) for supplying the rinse water or fresh water via the rinse arm (or rinse arm, if present), supplying the cleaning agent, and removing contaminated rinse water are also provided, but are only indicated in Fig. 2. The lower section of the pass-through dishwasher houses the control electronics (control unit) and the power controller, which will be discussed in more detail below, as well as the previously mentioned circulation pump and the boiler. The boiler's capacity can, for example, correspond to the amount of fresh water required for rinsing. However, it is also possible for the boiler to hold more fresh water than is needed for washing. In this way, the amount of fresh water for rinsing can be adjusted to higher or lower values ​​depending on the items being washed. Other conventional components of the pass-through dishwasher, such as the fresh water supply and drain, the heating elements for the wash water tank and the boiler, a frequency converter for controlling the pumps, or the connection to the building's low-voltage power supply, are not shown.The control unit and the power controller can be implemented on different printed circuit boards (PCBs) and connected to each other via a data cable. However, it is also possible to integrate the control unit and the power controller into a single printed circuit board (PCB). Without limiting generality, it can be assumed, by way of example, that a wash cycle of the pass-through dishwasher lasts only a few minutes, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes, and requires only a few liters of fresh water (e.g., 2 to 5 liters per wash cycle). In one embodiment, the individual process steps of the wash cycle of the pass-through dishwasher include, for example, the so-called circulation time (circulation phase), in which the dishwasher's circulation pump cleans the items by circulating the cleaning solution in the wash water tank, and a final rinse phase, in which the cleaned items are rinsed with fresh water. Optionally, further phases, such as a draining pause, can be provided between the circulation time and the final rinse phase. A further draining pause and / or drying phase, in which the items are dried, can also be provided after the final rinse phase before the wash cycle ends.However, the invention is not limited by these exemplary processes in a rinsing cycle. The dishwasher according to the invention is fundamentally designed to enable the hygienic cleaning of the items being washed. This means that, at least in one process step of the washing cycle, the water must have a temperature that ensures hygienic cleaning. Based on the exemplary washing cycle of a pass-through dishwasher described above, either the items must be rinsed with 2 to 5 liters of fresh water and / or cleaned by circulation at correspondingly high temperatures. For rinsing, the fresh water should therefore have a temperature of 60 °C to 90 °C, advantageously 80 °C to 85 °C. In an exemplary example, the fresh water is heated to 85 °C for rinsing.If the dishwashing process is intended to ensure hygienic cleaning of the dishes, the dishes are cleaned for a certain period of time with wash water at a temperature between 55 °C and 70 °C, preferably between 60 °C and 65 °C. In an exemplary example, the dishes are to be washed with wash water at a temperature of 62 °C during the circulation phase. A hygienic washing result can be influenced not only by the temperature but also by the duration of the wash cycle and the rinse cycle, by the temperatures of the wash water during the circulation phase and the fresh water during the rinse cycle, as well as by the detergent chemicals used. With particularly long wash cycles or when using special detergent chemicals, the temperatures of the wash water and fresh water may deviate from the typical temperatures listed above, and in particular may be lower. Without limiting the generality, it can be assumed by way of example that the electric heating elements (or, where applicable, their individually controllable heating coils) of the boiler and the wash water tank, as well as the circulation pump, represent the main power consumers in the dishwasher. These electrical components typically have a power consumption in the kW range, while other electrical consumers, such as electrically operated dosing pumps and solenoid valves, the power controller, the control electronics, electrical operating elements, or a display, etc., only require currents in the single-digit or double-digit mA range and thus contribute only negligibly to energy consumption. Accordingly, the following exemplary embodiments will focus primarily on the electric heating elements (or, where applicable, their individually controllable heating coils)., where applicable, the individually controllable heating coils) of the boiler and the rinse water tank, as well as the circulation pump of the pass-through dishwasher, are referred to, while the other electrical consumer elements do not need to be taken into account separately in the power distribution by the power controller or are taken into account by including a general power reserve in the distribution of power by the power controller. The water in the boiler or the wash water tank is heated electrically via heating elements. For example, a tubular heating element can be used. In one embodiment, a heating element has several heating coils (e.g., 2, 3, or 4), which can have different or identical heating conductors. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a three-coil heating element is used for the boiler and / or wash water tank, which covers the entire global mains voltage range. In an alternative embodiment, the heating element for the boiler and / or wash water tank can also be designed as a four-coil element. A heating element, for example, can have a total heating output of up to 18 kW, although higher or lower outputs are also possible. In one example implementation, the individual heating coils of the heating element can be controlled individually by the power controller. Each coil can have a different resistance and therefore delivers a different power output at the same mains voltage. If the heating coils can be switched individually, a variety of heating outputs can be set by the power controller. Depending on the available mains power at the customer's site and the operating state of the machine (standby mode or washing operation, but also different phases in the washing cycle), the power controller can activate different heating circuits. The system also takes into account how the switching unit distributes the groups of loads across the individual phases of the mains connection. This makes it possible to install only a very small number of different heating elements in the pass-through dishwashers, ideally only a single type of heating element, which significantly reduces the number of machine variants, i.e. by up to 80%, through the grid-independent worldwide (or at least in the desired target countries) usability of the power electronics and the controlled heating elements. Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, it is possible to connect the heating elements to the power controller using plugs (and optionally cables). Plugging the heating elements onto the power controller simplifies and speeds up the assembly process compared to screwing them to the contactors. The power controller can optionally also distribute the electrical power between the boiler and the rinse water tank, or between the boiler heating elements, via half-wave control. This allows for very precise adjustment of the heating power in the rinse water tank and boiler, enabling exact temperature control in both. Alternatively, the individual consumer elements can also be controlled using pulse-width modulation to regulate their power consumption. The control unit of the pass-through dishwasher can, for example, transmit information via a bus to the power controller specifying which heating element is switched on and how the power is distributed between the individual heating elements (half-wave control). The software of the processor unit, e.g., a microcontroller, of the power controller then takes over the control of the power semiconductors and ensures, for example, that they switch at the zero crossing of the voltage and that switching between different heating elements is as flicker-free as possible. Fig. 3 shows a power controller according to an embodiment of the invention, which controls the supply of power from the low-voltage network to a boiler heating element with four heating coils, a wash tank heater with one heating coil, and a circulation pump. The power supply to the circulation pump UP can optionally be interrupted by a safety relay 305, for example, to prevent the pump from circulating the wash water when the dishwasher hood / door is opened. The dishwasher's power controller 300 has a mains input terminal 301, which is designed as a connector and is connected to the building's mains supply. In the example shown, the mains input terminal 301 is designed as a 4-pin connector, and accordingly, four conductors are supplied to the configuration switching unit 302. The conductors are designated L1, L2, L3, and N, where N is the neutral conductor and up to three phases of the low-voltage network are connected to conductors L1, L2, and L3.However, it is also possible to additionally provide a PE (Protective Earth) conductor and to design the mains input terminal 301 accordingly as a five-pin plug. A measuring device 303 is connected to conductors L1, L2, L3, and N upstream of the configuration switching unit 302, as shown in Fig. 3. The measuring device 303 measures whether a phase of the building's low-voltage network is present on each of the three conductors L1, L2, L3, and, if so, the phase difference between the individual conductors. Furthermore, the measuring device 303 can also detect the voltage present on the respective conductors L1, L2, L3. Based on these measurements, the processor unit 307 can determine which type of low-voltage network has been connected to the network input terminal. The processor unit 307 can thus distinguish between single-phase and three-phase low-voltage networks, detect the voltage of the low-voltage network, and, based on the phase differences, determine whether it is a three-phase star network (with neutral conductor) or a delta network (without neutral conductor). When installing the dishwasher in a single-phase low-voltage network, the single phase of the network connection 301 can only be connected to one of the conductors L1, L2, L3 (e.g., conductor L1). In this case, the measuring device 303 recognizes the single-phase on-site low-voltage network because only one of the conductors (e.g., L1) carries an AC voltage. If the processor unit 307 recognizes a single-phase low-voltage network based on the measurement results of the measuring device 303, it instructs the configuration switching unit 302 to connect all groups of load elements to the single phase. If the dishwasher is connected to a three-phase low-voltage network, it can be a star network (L1, L2, L3, and N connected) or a delta network (L1, L2, and L3 connected). The measuring unit compares the phase angles of the star voltages UL1-N, UL2-N, and UL3-N. If the neutral conductor is not connected, it runs synchronously with one of the phases L1, L2, or L3 via a circuit in the measuring unit 303. Based on the phase angle, the measuring unit 303 calculates whether it is a delta or star network. In another embodiment, the configuration switching unit 302 can also be implemented "manually." Instead of processor-controlled configuration switches, (short-circuit) terminals are used manually during the dishwasher installation to achieve the necessary wiring of conductors L1, L2, L3, and N, depending on the network type. In a single-phase power network, conductors L1, L2, and L3 are short-circuited using short-circuit terminals or jumpers, so that the same phase is present on all three conductors of the network connection. In this case, the processor unit 307 can recognize that it is a single-phase power network based on the measurement results of the measuring device 303, i.e., based on the absence of a phase difference (phase difference = 0). For a star network, no short-circuit terminals or bridges are required, so that the measuring device 303 can detect the network type as described above. For a delta network, however, the conductors L1, L2, L3, and N must be connected using short-circuit terminals or bridges so that the (groups of) load elements are connected to the phases as shown in Fig. 6, i.e., the neutral conductor (not present on site) is not used. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable that the plug of the connecting cable already correctly transmits the individual phases to the mains connection terminal of the dishwasher. If short-circuit jumpers are installed during the dishwasher installation (or a correspondingly configured plug is used), it should be noted that the measuring device 303 can only be connected to the individual conductors L1, L2, L3, and N after these jumpers have been installed. Accordingly, the jumpers must be taken into account by the measuring device 303 when determining the network type. In the example shown in Fig. 3, if a star network is detected (and thus a neutral conductor is present), the processor unit 307 causes the configuration switching unit 302 to switch the configuration switches 312 so that they connect switches T1-T6 of the switching unit 304 to the neutral conductor N. If a delta network is detected (and thus no neutral conductor is present), the processor unit 307 causes the configuration switching unit 302 to switch the configuration switches 312 so that they connect switches T1, T2, T4, T5 and T6 of the switching unit 304 to conductor L3 and T3 to L2. Furthermore, the processor unit 307 instructs the configuration switching unit 302 to connect the conductors L1, L2, L3 and N (star network) or conductors L1, L2 and L3 (delta network) to the electrical consumer elements, i.e. in the exemplary embodiment to the heating coils of the radiators and the circulation pump. Fig. 4 shows an exemplary wiring configuration of the electrical load elements, i.e., the four coils (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, and B1.4) of the boiler heating element, the coil (T1.1) of the wash tank heating element, and the circulation pump in Fig. 3, in a star network. Fig. 5 shows an exemplary wiring configuration of the electrical load elements, i.e., the four coils (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, and B1.4) of the boiler heating element, the coil (T1.1) of the wash tank heating element, and the circulation pump in Fig. 3, in an AC network. Fig. 6 shows the wiring configuration in a delta network. Switches T1 to T6 represent the individual switches of the switching unit 304 in Fig. 3. The wiring configuration of the S1-S4 configuration switches of the configuration switching unit 302, corresponding to each detected low-voltage network, can, for example, be stored at the factory in a memory device 308 of the power controller (e.g., a ROM, EEPROM, or another readable and optionally writable non-volatile memory). Depending on the detected low-voltage network, the processor unit 307 can then read the corresponding configuration information for the S1-S4 configuration switches from the memory device 308 and cause the configuration switching unit 302 to switch the S1-S4 configuration switches accordingly. As shown in Fig. 3, the conductors L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N (if present on site) are connected to the electrical load elements such that each of the conductors L1, L2, and L3 and the neutral conductor N (if present on site) is connected to a group of several load elements. Each load element can also be switched via a switch of the switching unit 304, whereby the respective switch of the load element can be opened and closed by the processor unit 307. This allows the processor unit 307 to individually control the current flow through the individual consumer elements. This enables the processor unit 307 to precisely control the power supply to the consumer elements, adapting it to the individual process steps of a cleaning cycle, while simultaneously ensuring that the power consumed by the consumer elements does not exceed the maximum power supplied by the detected low-voltage network (optionally less a power reserve). The table below shows, by way of example, how the load elements of the tank heater, boiler heater, and circulation pump are switched when the boiler is prioritized and there is a corresponding heating demand, for various networks. Other combinations are also conceivable. The following power ratings for the individual heating elements and the circulation pump are assumed at a voltage of 230 Vrms. The tank heater has one coil (load element) T1.1 = 2.5 kW. The boiler heater has four coils (load elements) B1.1 to B1.4, with the individual power ratings B1.1 = 3 kW, B1.2 = 1.8 kW, B1.3 = 3 kW, and B1.4 = 3 kW. The circulation pump (load element) UP has a power rating of 1.5 kW. Table 2 Three-phase star network, 400 V, 16 AUP, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4B1.1, B1.3, B1.4 Three-phase star network, 400V, 32 AUP, B1.1, B1.2, B1.3,B1.4, T1.1B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4,T1.1 Single-phase AC voltage, 230 V, 32 AUP, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4 Here again, it is possible to store the respective switch positions of the switches of switching unit 304 in the power controller's memory unit at the factory, for the respective available power in the various types of low-voltage networks and for the different process steps in the purging cycle. Depending on the detected low-voltage network and the respective process step in the purging cycle, the processor unit 307 can again read the corresponding switching information for switches T1-T6 of switching unit 304 from the memory unit 308 and cause switching unit 304 to switch switches T1-T6 accordingly. The available power in different types of low-voltage networks depends on the number of phases, the network voltage, and the network's protection rating, i.e., the maximum current flow per phase. The phase protection rating can be specified, for example, by a coding circuit during the dishwasher's installation. Alternatively, the user can program the protection rating, which is then stored in the dishwasher's memory. The 307 processor unit can read the coding circuit or the phase protection rating from the memory to determine the maximum power (per phase) of the detected low-voltage network.Based on the power determined in this way (per phase), the processor unit 307 can read the corresponding switch positions of the switching unit 304 for the respective process steps of the rinsing cycle from the storage unit 308 and cause the switching unit 304 to open or close the switches of the switching unit 304 accordingly. It is also possible for the mains voltage to be specified by a coding circuit during the dishwasher's installation, or alternatively, programmed by the dishwasher user and stored in the memory unit. In this case, it is not necessary for the measuring device 303 to determine the mains voltage of the building's low-voltage network; instead, the value can be read from the coding circuit or the memory unit 308 by the processor unit 307. In another embodiment, it is possible to dispense entirely with the measuring device 303. In this case, the type of low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected, as well as its mains voltage and fuse rating, are set by means of one or more coding circuits and read out by the processor unit 307 in order to switch the configuration switching unit 302 and switching unit 304 according to the coded information. Alternatively, instead of the coding circuit(s), the information can be programmed by the user of the dishwasher and stored in the memory unit of the power controller. The processor unit 307 can then read out this information and control the configuration switching unit 302 and switching unit 304 accordingly. The exemplary power controller 300 shown in Fig. 3, according to one embodiment of the invention, is equipped with a two-stage switching arrangement. The first stage corresponds to the configuration switching unit 302, which connects the lines L1, L2, L3, and N of the mains connection to the electrical loads depending on the detected low-voltage network. The second stage corresponds to the switching unit 304 and allows the power supply to the individual loads to be controlled by means of its switches T1-T6. In another embodiment, it is provided that these two stages are implemented in a single switch arrangement.Instead of the configuration switching unit 302 and switching unit 304, the power controller 300 includes a switching matrix with switches that allow each electrical consumer element to be connected to one of the conductors L1, L2 and L3 and the neutral conductor (star network and single-phase AC network) or to two of the conductors L1, L2 and L3 (delta network), depending on the detected low-voltage network (and its available power) and depending on the process step of the purging cycle. The configuration of the power controller, and in particular the way in which the configuration switching unit 302 and the switching unit 304 are switched by the processor unit 307, depends, as explained, on both the number and individual power ratings of the consumer elements considered, as well as on the low-voltage network to which the dishwasher is connected (network type, voltage, and fuse rating). Of course, the invention is not limited to the number of consumer elements shown in Fig. 3, in particular to a 4-coil boiler heater and a 1-coil tank heater. The boiler heater and tank heater can also have more or fewer heating coils (and thus consumer elements).This can lead to the situation where the power controller 300 cannot be implemented on a single power electronics board (PCB), but rather several power controllers, which in turn can control different groups of load elements, are used in a cascaded configuration. For this purpose, the individual phases of the low-voltage network can be connected to the network connection terminal 301 of the parallel-connected power controllers 300. In the case of cascading multiple power controllers, the control electronics (control unit) can be implemented on a separate electronic circuit board (PCB) and transmit the necessary control information for controlling the configuration switching units 302 and the switching unit 304 to the power controllers, or rather their processor units 307, via a data bus. The power controllers are connected to the control unit accordingly via data cables (see data bus connection 306). Another aspect, as already mentioned, concerns the energy-saving operation of a (commercial) dishwasher, as described, for example, in relation to Figures 1, 2 to 3. In standby mode, the dishwasher monitors the temperature of the water required for a wash cycle, which is supplied by a tank or boiler, and ensures that the water temperature does not fall below a certain preset temperature. This temperature is selected so that when a wash cycle starts (i.e., the washing operation is initiated), the water is available at the desired (target) temperature, at the desired time, and optionally (depending on the implementation) in the desired quantity, to ensure hygienic washing.For example, this allows monitoring of the fresh water temperature for rinsing the dishes in the boiler and / or the wash water temperature in the dishwasher's tank. Based on the measured temperature, the dishwasher activates and deactivates the heating element of the boiler and / or wash water tank. Commercial dishwashers typically have short wash cycles of just a few minutes. For example, hygienic cleaning of the dishes is ensured by rinsing them with hot water from the boiler at the end of a wash cycle. Due to these very short cycles, the fresh water in the boiler must be heated from ambient temperature (approx. 5°C - 25°C) to the desired temperature of approximately 85°C in a correspondingly short time. Therefore, conventional dishwashers maintain the water temperature in the boiler at a constant level, even in standby mode, at 85°C. Similarly, in conventional dishwashers, the water temperature in the wash chamber is kept at the desired temperature, e.g., approximately 62°C, to allow the wash cycle to start and finish with minimal delay. According to one embodiment of the dishwasher, it is possible to lower the temperatures of at least the fresh water in the boiler and optionally also the rinse water in the tank during the standby time of the dishwasher, without falling below certain minimum temperatures. Considering the minimum temperature required for the fresh water supply, it is chosen so that, in the event of a wash cycle starting, the cycle can be initiated immediately and completed within the desired time, while still ensuring hygienic cleaning through a final rinse with sufficiently heated water (e.g., 85 °C). The temperature is set so that the boiler can provide the required quantity of fresh water at the desired temperature at the beginning of the final rinse phase of the wash cycle (or at least for a sufficient duration within the final rinse phase).For example, assuming a rinsing cycle of 2 minutes and further assuming that the rinsing including the drip-drying period takes 16 seconds and 2 liters of hot fresh water are required, the specified temperature, which should not be undercut, is chosen so that the boiler heats the amount of water in the boiler to the desired temperature of 85 °C within 104 seconds. Depending on the selected boiler volume, residual water may remain in the boiler after the fresh water for the rinse cycle has been drawn. This means that the minimum required temperature for the fresh water can be higher with a smaller boiler volume than with a larger one. However, for safety reasons (e.g., to prevent overheating or burnout of the boiler heating element), it can still be advisable to choose a boiler volume larger than the amount (volume) of fresh water required for the rinse cycle. This ensures, for example, that the heating elements remain submerged in the residual water at all times. Accordingly, the boiler volume can be selected so that the amount of residual water in the boiler after rinsing remains constant (e.g., 4.5 liters), regardless of the selected rinse volume. The minimum target temperature for fresh water depends, among other things, on the power that can be supplied to the heating element during the available time (i.e., 104 seconds in the previous example). This power can also depend on the maximum capacity of the low-voltage network (i.e., voltage, number of phases, and their protection). Naturally, the boiler's capacity and the amount of residual water remaining in the boiler, the power of the boiler heating element (or its coils), the required amount of water, and the time available to heat the fresh water also influence the minimum target temperature (as explained). For a dishwasher as described in relation to Figures 1, 2 to 3, the table below shows, for a selection of different low-voltage network capacities, the minimum temperature of the fresh water in standby mode that should be maintained to ensure that 2 or 3 liters of fresh water are available at 85 °C for the final rinse phase, which begins 104 seconds after the cycle starts. Table 3 below assumes that a residual amount of 4.5 liters of water always remains in the boiler after the final rinse. Accordingly, after refilling the boiler, there are 6.5 liters and 7.5 liters of fresh water in the boiler, which must be heated and subsequently must not fall below the minimum temperatures shown in Table 3. Three-phase star network 400 V16 A5460 Three-phase star network 400 V 25 A 5055 Three-phase star network 400 V32 A4349 Single-phase AC voltage 230 V 32 A6770 As mentioned, it is also possible to optionally ensure that the dishwasher's wash water maintains a specific temperature, e.g., 62°C, for a certain period during the cycle. This can be achieved, for example, by pre-setting a minimum wash water temperature that should not be undercut during standby mode. This allows the wash cycle to start immediately while still ensuring that the wash water is available at the desired temperature at the desired point during the cycle. Returning to the example above, let's assume the cycle lasts 104 seconds. Accordingly, the minimum wash water temperature that should not be undercut during standby mode can be selected so that the wash water maintains a specific temperature, e.g., 62°C, for at least a certain period of the cycle, e.g., 15, 30, or 45 seconds.Similar to what is illustrated in Table 3, this allows the respective minimum rinse water temperatures that should not be undercut in standby mode to be determined for different low-voltage networks (and optionally for different rinse water quantities). The fresh water is often supplied at a temperature below the specified minimum temperature for fresh water in the boiler. With a low power supply, it can happen that the temperatures required by the user for washing dishes are not always reached at the desired time if the next wash cycle is started immediately after the previous one has finished. In such a case, the dishwasher can extend the wash cycle or one or more process steps in which a desired temperature is reached until the required temperatures are achieved. When determining the respective minimum temperatures that the fresh water in the boiler and the rinse water in the wash tank should not fall below, one embodiment takes the following dependencies into account: - Mains voltage and fuse rating at the installation site (at the customer's premises), - The current temperatures and the desired target temperatures in the boiler and rinse water tank, - Energy consumption of other components such as pump motors and heat pumps, - Times when the water at the desired target temperatures should be available in the wash cycle, i.e., the wash times and wash program (wash cycle), - Rinse water quantity or rinse tank contents, - Residual water quantity remaining in the boiler after rinsing, - Dishwasher configuration by the user, - Compliance with EMC standards, e.g., mains flicker. The energy management and temperature control of the dishwasher can be handled either by the processor unit 307 of the power controller 300 or by the dishwasher's control unit. If the control unit is used, it transmits the necessary control information via data bus to the power controller, or rather its processor unit 307, which then controls the switching unit 304. Figure 3 shows a bus connection 306, which enables communication between the processor unit 307 and the control unit (see Figures 1 and 2). As discussed in connection with Table 2, for a given low-voltage network, there can be different combinations of operating parameters for the dishwasher's components during the individual phases of the wash cycle (e.g., circulation phase and rinse phase) without exceeding the maximum power supplied by the low-voltage network (possibly less a safety margin). If hygienic washing is to be achieved by rinsing with clean water, it is advisable to prioritize the boiler heating over the tank heating in terms of power supply. This ensures that the boiler provides the required quantity of fresh water for rinsing at the desired temperature and time within the wash cycle. However, if hygienic rinsing is to be achieved through a sufficiently high rinse water temperature, then it makes sense to prioritize the tank heater over the boiler heater in terms of power supply. This ensures that, during a rinsing cycle, the rinse water from the tank is available at the desired temperature and at the desired time for rinsing the items.

Claims

Dishwasher for operation in various on-site low-voltage networks, comprising: several electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1), a processor unit (307); a power controller (300), and a network input terminal (301) with several conductors for connecting the power controller (300) to the conductors of the on-site low-voltage network, which are supplied with a single-phase or multi-phase network voltage depending on the type of on-site low-voltage network; wherein the power controller (300) comprises: means (303, 307) for detecting the type of low-voltage network based on the single-phase or multi-phase network voltage of the on-site low-voltage network supplied to the power controller (300); and a switching unit (302, 304) for electrically connecting the conductors (L1, L2, L3, N) of the mains input terminal (301) with groups of consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) depending on the detected type of the on-site low-voltage network, wherein each group comprises at least one consumer element or several consumer elements connected in parallel to each other, and at least one switch (S1, S2, ..., T1, T2, ...) for controlling the power supply to the consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) of the respective group, wherein the switching unit (302, 304) comprises further switches to short-circuit individual conductors of the network input terminal (301), and the processor unit (307) is adapted to switch the switches depending on the detected type of low-voltage network to short-circuit individual conductors of the network input terminal (301) to each other. Dishwasher according to claim 1, wherein the means for detecting the voltage network comprise: a measuring unit (303) for determining the number of phases of the voltage network; and wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted for detecting the type of voltage network based on the determined number of phases. Dishwasher according to claim 2, wherein the measuring unit (303) is adapted to determine the relative position of the phases and / or the mains voltage of the low-voltage network, and the processor unit (307) is adapted to recognize the type of low-voltage network based on the determined number of phases, and based on the relative phase position and / or the mains voltage. Dishwasher according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to switch the switches (S1, S2, ..., T1, T2, ...) of the groups of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) such that the total current supplied to the electrical consumer elements does not exceed the fuse rating of the low-voltage network, wherein the power supply to each consumer element in at least one of the groups of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) can be individually controlled by the processor unit (307) with a switch (T1, T2, ...). Dishwasher according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the processor unit (307) is designed to switch the at least one switch (T1, T2, ...) of a respective group of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) such that the total current supplied to the electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) does not exceed the protection of the low-voltage network taking into account a safety reserve, wherein the power supply to each consumer element in a group of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) can be individually controlled by the processor unit (307) with a switch (T1, T2, ...). Dishwasher according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to switch the power supply to the electrical consumer elements depending on the process step of the respective washing cycle of the dishwasher by means of the switches (T1, T2, ...) of the groups of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1). Dishwasher according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to read the protection of the low voltage network from a memory (308) of the line controller (300) or the dishwasher, or from a coding circuit manually coded according to the protection. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the power controller (300) comprises a memory (308) which stores configuration information that specifies how the processor unit (307), depending on the detected type of low-voltage network and its protection, must cause the switching unit (302, 304) to switch the switches (S1, S2, ..., T1, T2, ...) of the individual groups of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) so that the power of the low-voltage network is distributed to the electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) of the dishwasher in such a way that the total current does not exceed the protection of the low-voltage network. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the power controller (300) comprises a memory (308) which stores configuration information that specifies how the processor unit (307) is to switch the at least one switch (T1, T2, ..., T6) of a respective group of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) depending on the detected type of the building's low-voltage network and its protection, so that the power of the building's low-voltage network is distributed to the electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) of the dishwasher in such a way that the total current does not exceed the protection of the building's low-voltage network, taking into account a safety reserve. Dishwasher according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the memory (308) stores the resistance values ​​of the individual electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) of the dishwasher. Dishwasher according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to read configuration information from the memory (308) for the respective detected low-voltage network and its protection and to switch the switches (S1, S2, ...) of the switching unit (302, 304) on the basis of the read configuration information. Dishwasher according to claim 11, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to read the voltage of the low-voltage network from a memory (308) of the line controller (300) or the dishwasher. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the switching unit (302, 304) is adapted to connect each phase of the mains voltage to a group of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1) in a switchable manner. Dishwasher according to claim 13, wherein the switching unit (302, 304) has switches (S1, S2, ...) for connecting each phase of the mains voltage to a group of electrical consumer elements (B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, T1.1). Dishwasher according to claim 14, wherein the processor unit (307) is adapted to switch the switches (S1, S2, ...) depending on the detected type of low-voltage network, in order to electrically connect the conductors of the network input terminal to groups of consumer elements depending on the detected type of low-voltage network. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the power controller (300) for the consumer elements comprises several power controllers to reduce the power to be supplied to the consumer elements, wherein each power controller is adapted to supply the reduced power to one or more of the electrical consumer elements. Dishwasher according to claim 16, wherein the power controller is designed as a pulse width modulator. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the dishwasher further comprises a control unit which communicates with the processor unit (307) of the power controller (300) via a data bus (306), and the processor unit (307) is adapted to receive control signals from the control unit for the electrical consumer elements of the dishwasher and to control the supply of power to the respective consumer elements according to the control signals. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the mains input terminal (301) and / or the respective connections of the consumer elements of the dishwasher are designed as a detachable connecting element. Dishwasher according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the power controller (300) has the mains input terminal (301) and the mains input terminal (301) is designed as a connector.

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