light

Abstract

Luminaire (L1),• wherein this luminaire (L1) is hereinafter referred to as the first luminaire (L1) and• wherein the first luminaire (L1) comprises means for establishing a luminaire network (L1, L2, L3) using this first luminaire (L1),• wherein these means of the first luminaire (L1) include at least i. a first brightness sensor and ii. a first light source (1) and iii. at least one first interface (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6, LSS, LSE, LSW, LSN) and iv. comprising a first control circuit (LC, LC1, LC2, LC3) and • wherein it is configured for operation in a lighting network (L1, L2, L3) with at least two lights (L1, L2), • characterized in that it is configured to be synchronized with at least one second light (L2) connected by at least one data connection, • wherein this second light (L2) has the features of the first light (L2), and • that at least the first brightness sensor,i. the part of the first luminaire (L1) is and ii. which is directly illuminated by the first light source (1) of this first luminaire (L1) even without reflection from the object to be illuminated and iii. the first brightness sensor is configured to detect the irradiation in a specific area of ​​a common irradiation surface (10) of the first luminaire (L1) and the second luminaire (L2), and • that, firstly, the first control circuit is configured i. to determine a first control signal from the first signal of the first brightness sensor and ii. then to transmit the first control signal to said second luminaire (L2), and • that the first luminaire (L1) is configured to receive a first control signal from the second luminaire (L2) or • that, secondly, i. the first control circuit is configured to transmit the first signal of the first brightness sensor to said second luminaire (L2) and ii. the first luminaire (L1) is configured toa first signal from the first brightness sensor of the second luminaire (L2), andiii. the first luminaire (L1) is configured to derive a second control signal from the first signal of the first brightness sensor of the second luminaire (L2), and• that the first luminaire (L1) is configured to control the first control signal or the second control signal to control at least one first light source of this first luminaire, and,• that the first luminaire (L1) is configured,• in the presence of a common irradiation area,• in the case of amplitude modulation of the first light source of the first luminaire (L1) and• in the case of amplitude modulation of the second light source of the second luminaire (L2),• to be able to illuminate the area of ​​the common irradiation area (10) substantially uniformly over time, except for a control error and system noise, in conjunction with the second luminaire (L2), and• wherein the first luminaire is configured to,that the first control circuit detects or detects and transmits the said first or second control signal or a related quantity as a sensor signal and • wherein the first luminaire (L1) is designed to be positioned so that the second light source of the second luminaire (L2) does not shine essentially directly into the first brightness sensor of the first luminaire (L1).

Description

Public street lighting consumes a great deal of energy. This energy consumption should be kept as low as possible. To this end, it makes sense to switch on the lights only when illumination of a specific area is necessary. Various technologies for this purpose are already known. These technologies, for example, use ultrasonic sensors to detect when a person is within range of the light. In this case, the light is switched on and remains in this state for at least a certain period of time, even after the person has left the area. However, this approach has the problem that the person must always move from the illuminated area to an unlit area before entering the detection range of the next light's sensor.Although these sensitivity cones of the different lights overlap, the illumination of the area towards which the person is walking is not guaranteed. Patent application AT 509 035 A1 discloses a lighting network in which several luminaires are connected via radio technology based on radio, Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular networks, infrared, and other unspecified methods, or via wired connections. The luminaires exchange data from their sensors and, based on this received and self-generated data, control the luminous intensity using light scenarios, also known as light profiles. A similar lighting network is described in US patent application 2011 / 0 115 384 A1, which is self-organizing. US patent application 2011 / 0 115 384 A1 describes a lighting network based on a wireless radio network formed using radio-frequency ultrasound or infrared signals. The distance between the received signals is inferred from their location.US 2011 / 0 115 384 A1 specifies two methods in section

[0067] for generating the "indicators" from the signals and explains what is meant by "distance." According to this document, the "indicator" should represent the relative distance between the luminaire and any adjacent luminaire and be calculated from the gain and / or amplitude of a signal received from that adjacent luminaire. US 2011 / 0 115 384 A1 proposes the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) method, i.e., measuring the strength of the received signal. The second method proposed is time-of-flight measurement. Both methods aim to measure the actual distance between two luminaires. However, since the pair of luminaires under consideration does not exist in isolation, such a precision measurement is not arbitrarily simple.Distance measurement based on the RSSI method also requires a direct line of sight or long-wavelength, and therefore large, antennas to avoid measurement errors caused by shadowing. The method is therefore suitable in undisturbed environments with few, linear lighting network topologies, but fails in noisy environments and with complex topologies and shadowing of the radio links. The use of a counter that is incremented between luminaires is known from WO 2010 / 124 315 A1 (page 6, lines 18 to 26 of WO 2010 / 124 315 A1). The counter is initialized to 0 in a luminaire when a relevant object is near that luminaire. Since the counter is incremented from luminaire to luminaire during transmission, this counter represents the distance in luminaires. All lighting networks based on the aforementioned state of the art have in common that they do not use the light sources as sensor elements and therefore do not disclose a solution for using the light sources for sensor technology in a way that is insensitive to daylight and glare. For example, a measurement method using light sources, specifically LEDs, is known from DE 100 24 156 A1, DE 198 39 730 C1, WO 2013 / 083 346 A1, and EP 2 602 635 A1. This measurement method is also known as Halios® technology. Here, a preferably modulated optical transmitter and an antiphase modulated compensation transmitter are directed into a detector in such a way that a DC signal results in the detector. The controller for the compensation transmitter then evaluates the detector signal in such a way that the DC signal is suppressed, and the remaining residual signal, typically containing primarily the modulation signal, is amplified very strongly after being down-converted to 0 Hz. This provides a control signal that represents a measured value and regulates the amplitude of an antiphase compensation transmission signal, which is used to control the compensation transmitter.The aforementioned Halios® publications belong to a series of further patent disclosures dealing with the Halios® principle. If this Halios® principle is to be applied to a lighting network as described in the aforementioned prior art publications, the problem arises that the transmitters and compensation transmitters in such a network cannot be located in different luminaires, i.e., unlike in the prior art, not in a single device. How such a distributed Halios® system can be implemented is not known from the prior art. Another problem that arises when distributing such a system across at least two luminaires is the necessary basic coupling of the measurement signals from the two luminaires in order to obtain a control signal in the Halios® controller even with weak signals. This problem also needs to be solved when distributing the system across two luminaires.The prior art Halios® document WO2012 / 013757A1 describes the problem of this basic coupling for a non-distributed system in a single device. The defined transmission of the basic coupling from a compensation transmitter to the transmitter, i.e., from a second light (the compensation light) to a first light (the transmitter light), is not possible because the locations of the lights are unpredictable at the time of manufacture. This problem remains unresolved in the prior art. However, prior art does exist for using Halios® systems to classify an object (registered object) within the detection range of the Halios® system. Examples include patent DE 10 2013 002 304 B3 and application EP 2 679 982 A1. For example, a Halios®-based gesture recognition device is known from DE 103 00 224 A1. Therefore, if the aforementioned problems are solved, these methods can also be applied to a Halios® system distributed across a lighting network, which in turn enables the measurement of movement directions, etc., without a camera system. This is particularly useful when applying the techniques described in patent DE 10 2013 002 304 B3. As already described, such Halios® control algorithms are known from WO 2013 / 083 346 A1 and EP 2 602 635 A1. A problem to be solved by the invention, arising from these and similar prior art technologies, is that the transmitters and compensation transmitters are not located in different luminaires. In a technology designed to solve this problem, a transmission signal must be generated by the light source in a first luminaire, and a compensation signal must be generated by a second light source in a second luminaire. For the compensation to function, the amplitude-modulated signals of the light source in the first luminaire and the light source in the second luminaire must be synchronized. The solution to this synchronization problem may then differentiate the technology according to the invention from the prior art.Various applications of Halios® technology are known, which could be made possible through this distributed measurement for use in a lighting network. A particular advantage of prior art Halios® systems is that measurements taken with these systems are robust against glare from sunlight and, for example, vehicle headlights. Measurements of properties such as road conditions can therefore also be performed in daylight using prior art Halios® systems. The overarching goal is thus to make the light sources of the luminaires in a lighting network usable as a Halios® system. It would therefore be a significant inventive step to achieve the basic coupling between a second luminaire and a first luminaire not via a defined optical transmission path between these luminaires, as is known in the prior art, but in a different way. A solution to the aforementioned problems from the prior art regarding the distribution of a Halios® system across multiple luminaires thus enables the transfer of the methods disclosed therein and, consequently, the application of methods for detecting a direction of movement and / or a speed of movement and / or a speed of movement. It is known from the prior art that the use of infrared emitters is particularly advantageous because they do not produce disturbing, visually visible spectral ranges. This is especially beneficial when applying the techniques described in patent DE 10 2013 002 304 B3. A lighting network is known from US patent 2008 / 0265799A1. A lighting network with a programmable processor is known from US patent 2010 / 0201267A1. German patent application DE 10 2011 081 097 A1 discloses a method for controlling and regulating a lighting system. The lighting system described in DE 10 2011 081 097 A1 comprises a main lighting group and at least one secondary lighting group for an interior space. The method described in DE 10 2011 081 097 A1 includes the steps of detecting the brightness at the location of the main lighting group, determining the main ambient light component for the main lighting group, determining the secondary ambient light component for a secondary lighting group based on the main ambient light component, and determining a secondary control value for at least one secondary lighting group based on the secondary ambient light component and a setpoint for that secondary lighting group. Object of the invention It is therefore an object of the invention to provide the light sources of the luminaires for use in a distributed Halios® system and solutions for the problems mentioned above. This object is achieved with a luminaire network of claim 1. Description of the invention The invention is explained with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 9. First, a typical lighting network from the prior art is described, which is to be made Halios® capable. Fig. 1 shows an example schematic drawing of three luminaires (L1, L2, L3). Each luminaire has a light source (1, 2, 3) and at least one lighting controller (LC1, LC2, LC3). Each luminaire is further structured into one or more lighting sensors (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6). In the example drawing, the first luminaire (L1) is assigned the first sensor (LS1) and the second sensor (LS2), the second luminaire (L2) the third sensor (LS3) and the fourth sensor (LS4), and the third luminaire (L3) the fifth sensor (LS5) and the sixth sensor (LS6). The respective luminaire controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) is able to send signals with the assigned light source (1, 2, 3) which can be received by the luminaire sensors (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) of the other luminaires (L1, L2, L3).The second light (L2) is thus able to receive signals from the first light source (1) via the transmission path (13) between the first light source (1) and the third light sensor (LS3), which are initiated by the first light controller (LC1). The same applies to the transmission paths [(LC1)-(LS2)-(14)-(2)-(LC2)]; [(LC2)-(LS4)-(16)-(3)-(LC3)]; [(LC3)-(LS5)-(15)-(2)-(LC2)]. The first luminaire (L1) therefore has the first light sensor (LS1) and the second light sensor (LS2). These accordingly establish the connection to the adjacent second luminaire (L2) and the zeroth luminaire (L0), which is not shown. The connection to the second luminaire (L2) is established via the path (14) between the second light source (2) and the second sensor (LS2), whereby the second sensor (LS2) receives the signals from the second light source (2) of the second luminaire (L2) via this path (14). Conversely, the light source sensor (LS3) receives the signals from the first light source (1) of the first luminaire L1 via the path (13) between the first light source (1) and the third sensor (LS3). The connection between the second luminaire (L2) and the third luminaire (L3) is similar.Via the path (15) between the second light source (2) and the fifth sensor (LS5), the fifth sensor (LS5) receives the signal from the second light source (2). Via the path (16) between the third light source (3) and the fourth sensor (LS4), the fourth sensor (LS4) receives the signal from the third light source (3). The sixth sensor (LS6) receives the signal from the light source of the fourth light (L4), which is not shown and would be the next one to the right in the chain. The first sensor (LS1) receives the signal from the light source of the zeroth light (L0), which would be located to the left and is not shown, via the path (12) between the first sensor (LS1) and the zeroth light (L0). The first light source (1) of the first luminaire (L1) is controlled by the first lighting controller (LC1), the second light source (2) of the second luminaire (L2) is controlled by the second lighting controller (LC2), and the third light source (3) of the third luminaire (L3) is controlled by the third lighting controller (LC3). Each luminaire is assigned a person detector (PD). For the first luminaire (L1), this is the first person detector (PD1), for the second luminaire (L2), the second person detector (PD2), and for the third luminaire (L3), the third person detector (PD3). As an example, people (4, 5, and 6) are sketched under each luminaire. These are detected by the respective detector (PD1), (PD2), or (PD3). Such person detectors can be, for example, light barriers, infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, radar and laser-based sensor systems, optical sensors, cameras, position detectors, inductive and capacitive sensors, etc.These sensors are typically evaluated by the respective controller (LC1, LC2, LC3). For example, an image processing system could classify objects based on size, movement, speed, and shape. Classification as, for instance, human or animal, car or truck, bicycle or motorcycle is useful. The classification should be assigned with a precision of at least 50%, ideally 70%, or even better, 80%. Technically, a recognition rate of 95% or higher is ideal. The sensor could also actually be a sensor cluster or sensor system, such as a combination of a camera with an inductive loop for detecting vehicles, etc. Additional information obtained via the network can be usefully utilized in this context. Accelerometers or geophones can detect vibrations emanating from objects, thus facilitating truck detection. If the lights are capable of bidirectional data exchange, it is particularly advantageous to share data about potentially jointly detected objects. This allows multiple lights, forming a cluster within a network, to classify detected objects, with each light then having access to a larger amount of data about the object, thereby refining the classification. The exchanged data can include current, past, and predicted data, as well as raw data, classifications, and other derived or otherwise obtained data. The sensors preferably detect not only the presence of an object or person, but also the direction of movement, speed, and, if applicable, acceleration. The individuals are located within their respective light cones (7, 8, 9). For better understanding, it is assumed that the sensitivity cone of the person detectors (PD1, PD2, PD3) is identical to the light fields (7, 8, 9). The light fields overlap (10, 11). If a person is located within a cone, the respective light signals to the adjacent light that a person is present in its cone (7, 8, 9). The light transmits a value V to the following light. This value V is then reduced by, for example, 1 by the following light. If no person is located within the cone of the following light, this already reduced value is transmitted to the next subsequent light, again reduced by 1. In this way, the value V is continuously passed along the chain of lights until it reaches 0. Other counting methods are conceivable. The initial value R of V is network-specific and can be chosen arbitrarily. It determines the number of network nodes in series that are switched on when a person is located at a node. The actual distance between the network nodes is irrelevant for these calculations. What matters is how many network node hops are required from one node to the next to reach the node where a person is located. Figure 1 also shows loudspeakers (S1, S2, S3) to symbolize that each luminaire can optionally transmit signals to the person located beneath it. For example, the first signaling unit (S1) can transmit information to the first person (4), the second signaling unit (S2) to the second person (5), and the third signaling unit (S3) to the third person (6). Such information can be fed into the lighting network at a luminaire and distributed. Figure 2 shows, in tabular form, an example of how the lamps are switched on or off depending on the initial value of the V. The first row shows the numbering of the lamps from L1 to L13. The number can, of course, represent other values; therefore, the numbers used here are examples. A person P is located at each lamp L2 and lamp L11, and their name is entered in the second row. The third row shows the respective V-code (code V) assigned to each lamp. Where person P is located, the V-code 2 is entered in the third row. The adjacent lamps have the V-code 1, and the next-but-one lamps have the V-code 0. In the third row, 0 is defined as switching the lamp off. 0 is the lowest possible V-code in this example. Of course, other V-code symbols are conceivable, for example, C, B, A, where A would be equivalent to 0, B to 1, and C to 2.Alternatively, any freely selectable symbol strings such as "zero", "one", "two", etc., can be used. The only important thing is the functional bijective assignment to the values ​​described above. This also applies analogously to the following sections. The fourth line shows the lamp state for the value R=3 to be charged first. Here, R represents the maximum distance between the switch-on threshold and the person, expressed as the number of network nodes. This is the value to be charged first when a person is located near the light. This value defines the number of additional lights to be switched on. It is therefore also possible to define further radii R that trigger switching on or off. For example, if the radius R=3 is chosen (as shown in line 5), the states are still identical, but the effect in terms of switched-on lights differs in line 6 in that the fourth light L4, the ninth light L9, and the thirteenth light L13 are now additionally switched on. If R is increased to 4, the fifth light L5 and the eighth light L8 are also additionally switched on. In this state, only the sixth light L6 and the seventh light L7 remain switched off. In this way, the size of the lighting field can be varied as desired and no longer depends on the physical parameters of the individual light, but only on the fact that the lights can actually exchange information with each other.This information can be transmitted by modulating the respective light source (1, 2, 3), for example, by switching the light source (1, 2, 3) on and off. It is important that an optical connection is established either directly by direct illumination of the respective light sensor (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) of the other light source, or indirectly by reflection and subsequent illumination of the respective light sensor of the other light source. Fig. 3 shows an exemplary chain of such lights. In this example, it begins with light L(-m), meaning: From light L0, there are m further nodes with lights, each connected to the preceding light by a connection (42, 43). Thus, light L(-m) is connected to light L(-1) by an undefined chain of length. Light L(-1) is connected to light L0 by an optical connection (43). Light L0 is connected to light L1 by an optical connection (44). Light L1 is connected to light L2 by an optical connection (45). Light L2 is connected to light L3 by an optical connection (46). Light L3 is connected to light L(n) by an undefined chain of this type (47), where n now symbolizes the number of lights counted to the right from light L0. However, such a linear chain does not usually correspond to reality.Rather, as shown in Fig. 4, complex network topologies can exist, connecting various lights to each other via multiple paths. This network need not be planar, as lights can be located in tunnels and on bridges, allowing chains of lights to cross without interfering with each other. Fig. 4 shows a chain of 12 lights, starting with a first light (L1) and ending with a twelfth light (L12). In this arbitrary example, the network topology initially starts linearly. For simplicity, all connections are assumed to be bidirectional, which is particularly advantageous in all cases. The first light (L1) is optically connected to the second light (L2) via the first connection (48). The second light (L2) is optically connected to the third light (L3) via a second connection (49). The third light (L3) is optically connected to the fourth light (L4) via a third connection (50). The fourth light (L4) is optically connected to the sixth light (L6) via a fourth connection (52). The sixth light (L6) is optically connected to the seventh light (L7) via a fifth connection (53). The seventh light (L7) is optically connected to the eighth light (L8) via a sixth connection (54). The eighth light (L8) is optically connected to the ninth light (L9) via a seventh connection (57). The ninth light (L9) is optically connected to the twelfth light (L12) via an eighth connection (63). The twelfth light (L12) is optically connected to the eleventh light (L11) via a ninth connection (65). The eleventh light (L11) is optically connected to the tenth light (L10) via a tenth connection (61). The tenth light (L10) is optically connected to the fifth light (L5) via an eleventh connection (60). Furthermore, there are also cross-connections within this network. For example, in addition to the third optical connection (50), the third light (L3) is also optically connected to the fifth light (L5) via a twelfth connection (51). The fifth light (L5) is additionally optically connected to the eighth light (L8) via a thirteenth connection (55) and optically connected to the ninth light (L9) via a fourteenth connection (58). The tenth luminaire (L10) is additionally optically connected to the eighth luminaire (L8) via a fifteenth connection (56), to the ninth luminaire (L9) via a sixteenth connection (59), and to the twelfth luminaire (L12) via a seventeenth connection (64). The eleventh luminaire (L11) is additionally connected to the ninth luminaire (L9) via an eighteenth connection (62). The possibility of multiple connections thus results in more complex topologies. This is, of course, only one example of a possible topology. In particular, the luminaires can have more than two interfaces, or even just one, at their endpoints. This more complex topology in the example leads to the situation that the eighth light (L8) not only switches on the fifth light (L5), but also the tenth light (L10). This means that the node distance between the tenth light (L10) and the eighth light (L8) is not 2, as it would be if the path went via the fifth light (L5), but only 1, since the direct path also exists. Such configurations can typically occur in squares, but also when, for example, streets are laid out in a square. So, for instance, the chain third light (L3), fourth light (L4), sixth light (L6), seventh light (L7), eighth light (L8), fifth light (L5) could symbolize a street that curves around a city block.Therefore, when distance is mentioned in the context of this invention, it only means how many lights (network nodes) one must jump by to get from an xth node (L(x)) to a yth node (L(y)). Figure 5 illustrates the relationship already shown in Figure 2. A person is located at the third light (L3). The neighboring lights, the second light (L2) and the fourth light (L4), receive a V-code that is reduced by 1 compared to the original value. The fifth light (L5) also receives a reduced V-code, as does the first light (L1). It is conceivable that the person detector not only detects people but also the direction in which they are moving. In this case, it would then be possible to signal the direction in which the person is moving and, for example, to reduce or increase the decrement factor, which we previously assumed to be 1, depending on the direction in the chain of lights. For this to work, however, the light must know not only the direction of movement of the object but also its relationship to the orientation of the light chain.However, this can be determined, for example, by the arrangement of the light sensors and their direction-dependent sensitivities. This dependency can also depend on other detected or known properties of an object located within the vicinity of the luminaire or the adjacent luminaire cluster. For example, the direction of movement or acceleration of a detected object, the detected class, or a property of a detected object transmitted via the network. For the sake of simplicity, we have assumed a numerical V-code in the preceding explanations. However, this is not strictly necessary. The reduction or increase described here, when using any unique symbol strings as V-codes, can also involve modifying the V-code according to a predefined sequence of symbol combinations in a forward or reverse direction, which is equivalent to the aforementioned reduction or increase. The words "reduced" or "increased" in claim 10 should be understood in this sense, where "amount" can be understood as the step size within the agreed-upon symbol combination sequence. A particularly simple example arises when the numbers used so far for V-codes 1, 2, and 3 are replaced, for example, by the character strings {"e", "i", "n", "s"}, {"z", "w", "e", "i"}, {"d", "r", "e", "i"}.The symbol strings do not necessarily all have to be the same length if the data protocol used for the optical connection allows variable lengths. Furthermore, a symbol string can, in principle, consist of only one symbol, which can also be a number or digit. For dimming or reducing the brightness in a linear chain of lights, taking into account the direction of movement, two different V-codes can be passed to the next light. For example, it makes sense to switch off the light behind the person more quickly than in the area where they are moving. This is shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 shows various states that the respective system of each controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) assumes to determine what action to take. Each controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) is initially in an idle state (66). Through a trigger, which can be triggered by a timer, for example, the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) switches from the idle state (66) to the person detection state (67) by means of the first transition (75). In this person detection state (67), the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) uses the assigned person detector (PD1, PD2, PD3) to check whether a person (P, 4, 5, 6) is located within the respective area (7, 8, 9) of this person detector (PD1, PD2, PD3). Subsequently, the corresponding controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) determines an initial V-code for this system. This is referred to below as the "current V-code". The controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) then switches to the North communication state (68) via the second transition (76). This second transition (76) typically occurs when the North communication state (67) has been fully processed. Here, the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) uses the northern interface LSN (see Fig. 9) to check whether a signal is being received from the north side of the respective luminaire (L1, L2, L3). The northern interface LSN can correspond to one of the previously discussed interfaces (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) or be an additional interface. If the determined V-code is higher than the current V-code, this new V-code is adopted as the current V-code. Once the North communication state (68) has been fully completed, i.e., it has been determined whether a person is located in the North, the third transition (77) to the West communication state (69) takes place. Here, the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) uses the western interface LSW (see Fig. 9) to check whether a signal is being sent from the west side of the respective luminaire (L1, L2, L3). The western interface LSW can correspond to one of the previously discussed interfaces (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) or it can be an additional interface. If the determined V-code is higher than the current V-code, this new V-code is adopted as the current V-code. Once the West communication state (69) has been fully completed, i.e., it has been determined whether a person is located in the West, the fourth transition (78) to the South communication state (70) takes place. Here, the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) checks, via the southern interface LSS (see Fig. 9), whether a signal is being received from the south side of the respective luminaire (L1, L2, L3). The southern interface LSS can again correspond to one of the previously discussed interfaces (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) or it can be an additional interface. If the determined V-code is higher than the current V-code, this new V-code is adopted as the current V-code. Once the South communication state (70) has been fully completed, i.e., it has been determined whether a person is located in the South, the fifth transition (79) to the East communication state (71) takes place. Here, the controller (LC1, LC2, LC3) checks, via the eastern interface LSE (see Fig. 9), whether a signal is being received from the east side of the respective luminaire (L1, L2, L3). The LSE interface can again correspond to one of the previously discussed interfaces (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6) or it can be an additional interface. If the determined V-code is higher than the current V-code, this new V-code is adopted as the current V-code. Once the East communication state (71) has been fully processed, i.e., it has been determined whether a person is located in the East, the sixth transition (80) to the evaluation state (72) takes place. In evaluation state (72), the current V-code is evaluated and the value for the lighting is determined according to predefined rules. Once this has occurred, the seventh transition (81) to the takeover state (73) takes place, and the lighting is adjusted according to the determined value based on the current V-code. Simultaneously, the V-code to be transmitted to the nearest other network nodes (luminaires) is determined. This is the transmitted V-code. In the takeover state (73), this is adopted from the current V-code. This transmission of the transferred V-code to the other luminaires occurs continuously, regardless of the system's state. The seventh transition (82) then takes place from the takeover state (73) back to the idle state (66). The system then remains in this state until the next trigger time. Several problems still need to be solved. Firstly, the light should not flicker. Therefore, the modulations must not be in the visible frequency range. It is also conceivable that, instead of the light source (1, 2, 3), an IR interface, for example an IR diode, could be used for signaling independent of the light source's switching state. It is also conceivable to switch the light source (1, 2, 3) from perceptible to imperceptible instead of from on to off. This could be achieved, for example, by having the light source (L1, L2, L3) have both visible light sources (1, 2, 3), which emit light in the optical wavelength range, and, in parallel, light sources that are imperceptible to humans. By switching between these, the impression of a switch-off can be conveyed to the human without interrupting the optical data connection. This switching can be implemented as modulation in the broadest sense. It is also conceivable to dim or otherwise modulate the light source instead of switching it off completely. Thus, a light source in the luminaire can, at least temporarily, serve as a transmitter for a data connection between that luminaire and a neighboring luminaire. More complex modulation methods such as phase modulation and frequency modulation are also possible here. The application of spread-spectrum techniques may be appropriate if specific EMC requirements must be met. Finally, the optical frequency bands should be divided in such a way that the entire system can operate without interference. Figure 8 shows an arbitrary, exemplary, simple frequency distribution scheme with which the light sources (L1, L2, L3) can be modulated. The x-axis represents the modulation frequency, while the y-axis is labeled "au" (arbitrary units), which is intended to represent the relative amplitude only as a rough example. The amplitudes themselves can be freely chosen to suit the specific purpose. It is important that the technical modulation frequencies are higher than the limit of human vision. This limit is marked in the scheme with a dashed line and the letters "VR". In this example, a frequency band is provided with a center frequency f0, a minimum frequency fmin, and a maximum frequency fmax, which are intended for sensor applications. Furthermore, example frequency binders are provided for communication with various exemplary channels (C1) to (C6). These different channels can serve various purposes. Of particular importance, however, is the connection between the individual luminaires. When a luminaire is started, it first checks, for example, which of the communication bands are already occupied. This is conveniently done by a random number generator, which, by randomly monitoring the different bands for a certain minimum period, ensures whether transmission is already occurring. The luminaire avoids using bands that are already occupied, if possible. The individual bands are marked here as examples (C1), (C2), (C3), (C4), (C5), (C6). There may be more or fewer bands, and their frequency does not necessarily have to be above the sensor frequency bands; however, they must definitely be above the visibility limit (VR). These bands are labeled together with fcom. Furthermore, it is advisable to synchronize the network for synchronization purposes. For this, it is particularly useful to set the frequency fsync, for example, far above all other bands. This is a single frequency whose sole purpose is to align all systems to a common system clock. The system clock that is available first is given priority. This typically results in a grain-like granularity within a network, meaning that two areas with different synchronization frequencies or phases can overlap. If a light fixture detects this, it will, for example, select the fsync frequency that is lower than its own. As a result, the subnetwork with the lowest synchronization frequency always prevails.Initially, each luminaire randomly selects its own initial synchronization frequency and then seeks the lowest adjacent synchronization frequency. For phase, the system selects the phase that requires the smallest absolute phase shift, and if the required phase shift is negative, it selects the one that is chosen. It is important to note that only odd fractions of 2π are permitted as phase shifts. This prevents 180° phase shifts. Essentially, this ensures that all systems always synchronize to the lowest frequency and the lowest phase. Of course, completely different frequency schemes are conceivable that serve the same purpose. Figure 9 shows the block diagram of an exemplary controller / lighting system. In particular, the interfaces already discussed (LSN, LSS, LSW, LSE), which detect the data transmissions from the other light sources (1, 2, 3), are shown. This data transmission can occur via amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or a switching of the carrier wavelength, i.e., a color change (e.g., IR <-> visible). Other modulation methods from the prior art (e.g., phase modulation, spread-spectrum techniques, etc.) are conceivable. The person detector is designated PD here. The light source (41) is connected to the LED driver stage (35) via a power supply line (41). This LED driver stage (35) is modulated by an encoder stage (33) via a data line. The LED driver stage (35) is connected to a power supply (40) via a power supply line (38). The core of the controller (LC, 26) is a computer or finite state machine, hereinafter referred to as the controller core (27). This controls, for example, the encoder (33). The light sensors (LSS), (LSW), (LSN), (LSE) for detecting the radiation from the light sources of the other luminaires are connected to a demultiplexer (25) via their respective lines (18), (32), (34), (37). Depending on the system state, this is switched by the controller core (27) via a line (28). This decoder delivers the signal via an amplifier (30) to a decoder (24).This decoder decodes the received V-codes and also evaluates the person detector (PD). It is connected to the PD via line (36). The decoder is controlled by the controller core (27) via line (23). An output interface (21) is controlled via a line (22) by the controller core (27). In this example, this drives a loudspeaker (19) as an example actuator via line (20). Other actuators are conceivable (motors, projections, valves, etc.). For example, the output of sound signals, music, voice messages, light signals, projected image information or symbols, or warning signals is possible. The type of output, its timing, intensity, and duration can depend on the received information. In addition to object sensors, other environmental factors such as temperature, visibility, humidity, wind speed, precipitation sensor, brightness or sun position, ice or snow, smoke, fire, etc. can also be recorded. Furthermore, the controller core can communicate with other optional computer systems or a data network via the optional interface (IF), receiving information from and transmitting it (especially sensor and classification data). This interface can be, for example, wireless, wired, or an optical fiber connection. It is of course possible for the lighting network to receive commands via this interface (IF), or for a luminaire that is part of this lighting network to be influenced in its perceived luminosity, perceptible beam angle, luminous color, or the spectral composition of the emitted radiation by a command via this interface (IF). It is also conceivable to actuate an actuator or output a signal or information. In this case, it's possible that the control isn't of the individual luminaire through whose interface the command is transmitted, but rather of a luminaire or group of luminaires within the lighting network. For this to work, however, the luminaire or group must have a unique address within the network. Possible effects of such control include influencing the perceived brightness, beam angle, color temperature, or spectral composition of the emitted radiation of a luminaire or group of luminaires within this network through a command sent via this IF interface. Of course, depending on the intended use case, it is very practical and conceivable to implement parts of this controller (LC) wholly or partially through a combination of computer hardware and software and a certain amount of specialized hardware. Therefore, the system described here is only an example. Finally, it should be mentioned that such a lighting network can also be used as a sensor. 23. This can be described using a lighting network with two lights: The lights, connected by a data connection, for example as described above, are synchronized so that an internal time base in each of the two lights operates synchronously within an acceptable accuracy. A brightness sensor, integrated into the first luminaire, is directly illuminated by the first light source of this luminaire, even without reflection from the object being illuminated, to ensure basic coupling. The first light source is amplitude-modulated, for example, with a predefined signal S generated within the first luminaire. The brightness sensor detects the irradiance within a specific area of ​​the common illumination surface of both luminaires, as well as the signal from the first light source. A control signal is then derived from this signal. Its current value is then transmitted to the second luminaire. Alternatively, the current value of the sensor signal can be transmitted to the second luminaire instead of the value of the control signal, and the control signal value can then be generated within the second luminaire.Using this transmitted or determined control signal value, the luminaire of the second luminaire (second light source) is again controlled in amplitude with the aid of the aforementioned predefined signal S, which is now generated in the second luminaire synchronously with the signal in the first luminaire. This control ensures that, despite amplitude modulation of the first luminaire's luminaire and the resulting amplitude modulation of the second luminaire's luminaire, the area of ​​the common irradiation surface is illuminated essentially uniformly over time, except for a control error and system noise. The amplitude fluctuations of the second luminaire can have a negative sign if the average value of the luminaire's amplitude is greater than these fluctuations. The aforementioned control signal value, or a related quantity, represents the actual sensor signal.It is important that the second light source of the second light does not shine directly into the brightness sensor of the first light.

Claims

Luminaire (L1),• wherein this luminaire (L1) is hereinafter referred to as the first luminaire (L1) and• wherein the first luminaire (L1) comprises means for establishing a luminaire network (L1, L2, L3) using this first luminaire (L1),• wherein these means of the first luminaire (L1) include at least i. a first brightness sensor and ii. a first light source (1) and iii. at least one first interface (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5, LS6, LSS, LSE, LSW, LSN) and iv. comprising a first control circuit (LC, LC1, LC2, LC3) and • wherein it is configured for operation in a lighting network (L1, L2, L3) with at least two lights (L1, L2), • characterized in that it is configured to be synchronized with at least one second light (L2) connected by at least one data connection, • wherein this second light (L2) has the features of the first light (L2), and • that at least the first brightness sensor,i. the part of the first luminaire (L1) is and ii. which is directly illuminated by the first light source (1) of this first luminaire (L1) even without reflection from the object to be illuminated and iii. the first brightness sensor is configured to detect the irradiation in a specific area of ​​a common irradiation surface (10) of the first luminaire (L1) and the second luminaire (L2), and • that, firstly, the first control circuit is configured i. to determine a first control signal from the first signal of the first brightness sensor and ii. then to transmit the first control signal to said second luminaire (L2), and • that the first luminaire (L1) is configured to receive a first control signal from the second luminaire (L2) or • that, secondly, i. the first control circuit is configured to transmit the first signal of the first brightness sensor to said second luminaire (L2) and ii. the first luminaire (L1) is configured toa first signal from the first brightness sensor of the second luminaire (L2), andiii. the first luminaire (L1) is configured to derive a second control signal from the first signal of the first brightness sensor of the second luminaire (L2), and• that the first luminaire (L1) is configured to control the first control signal or the second control signal to control at least one first light source of this first luminaire, and,• that the first luminaire (L1) is configured,• in the presence of a common irradiation area,• in the case of amplitude modulation of the first light source of the first luminaire (L1) and• in the case of amplitude modulation of the second light source of the second luminaire (L2),• to be able to illuminate the area of ​​the common irradiation area (10) substantially uniformly over time, except for a control error and system noise, in conjunction with the second luminaire (L2), and• wherein the first luminaire is configured to,that the first control circuit detects or detects and transmits the said first or second control signal or a related quantity as a sensor signal and • wherein the first luminaire (L1) is designed to be positioned so that the second light source of the second luminaire (L2) does not shine essentially directly into the first brightness sensor of the first luminaire (L1). Luminaire (L1) according to claim 1 characterized in that at least one of said data connections is bidirectional. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it has at least one sensor or a sensor cluster consisting of several sensors or a sensor system. Luminaire (L1) according to claim 3 characterized in that at least one sensor or sensor cluster or sensor system is a person sensor and / or a sensor for the detection of vehicles and / or a sensor for the detection of objects that do not fall into the two aforementioned classes of vehicles and persons. Luminaire (L1) according to claim 3 or 4 characterized in that at least one sensor or sensor cluster or sensor system is a light barrier, an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a radar-based sensor system, a laser-based sensor system, an optical sensor or sensor system, a camera with or without an image recognition system, a position detector, an inductive and / or capacitive sensor, a geophone, an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a visibility sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a precipitation sensor, a smoke detector, a fire detector, an ice and / or snow detector, a brightness sensor, or a sun position sensor. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that at least one sensor or sensor cluster or sensor system can detect a direction of movement and / or a speed of movement and / or a speed of movement. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one sensor or sensor cluster or sensor system or the luminaire as a total system or several luminaires as a total system can perform a classification of an object (registered object) in its detection range or in their detection ranges. Luminaire according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one sensor or sensor system or sensor cluster, or the luminaire as a complete system, or several luminaires as a complete system, is provided for detecting a human being as such with a probability greater than 50%, 70%, 80%, or 95%, and / or detecting a motor vehicle with a probability greater than 50%, 70%, 80%, or 95%, and / or detecting a truck with a probability greater than 50%, 70%, 80%, or 95%, and / or detecting an animal or other moving object of disturbance with a probability greater than 50%, 70%, 80%, or 95%. Luminaire (L1) according to claim 8 characterized in that additional information obtained via the network is used for detection. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that it can send data to at least one adjacent luminaire and / or can receive data from this adjacent luminaire. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 10, but at least according to claim 4 and claim 6, characterized in that: • the luminaire is assigned a value (current V-code) which depends on the current V-code of at least one neighboring luminaire; and • the luminaire is logically connected to said neighboring luminaire at least temporarily via at least one data transmission link; and • a transmitted V-code is transmitted from said neighboring luminaire to the luminaire via this data transmission link, which depends on the current V-code of the neighboring luminaire.• where the neighborhood is characterized solely by the existing direct data connection from the neighboring luminaire to the luminaire and • the current V-code may depend on the transmitted V-code of at least one neighboring luminaire, • where the luminous intensity of the luminaire's light source, perceptible to a human, may depend on this current V-code, at least temporarily, due to the luminaire's system structure, and • that the transmitted V-code received by the luminaire is reduced compared to the current V-code of the neighboring luminaire or is reduced after reception by the control system (LC, LC1, LC2,LC3) of the luminaire itself is reduced. • that the amount by which the V-code is reduced or increased depends i. on the direction of movement of at least one detected object and / or ii. on the acceleration of at least one detected object and / or iii. on the detected class of at least one detected object according to one or more of claims 7 or 8 and / or iv. on at least one other property of at least one detected object detected by a luminaire cluster or the luminaire or transmitted via the network. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 11 characterized in that the light source is switched or modulated between a wavelength visible and invisible to at least one human being. Luminaire (L1) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has at least: i. a further actuator in addition to the light source; ii. and / or can output sound signals and / or speech and / or music; iii. and / or can output light signals; iv. and / or can output projected image information or symbols; v. and / or can output warning signals.

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