Filter element, and filter with it
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENGST FILTRATION GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2015-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing filter elements for pneumatic or hydraulic fluids suffer from uneven distribution of dirt, leading to increased pressure loss and reduced service life due to uneven contamination.
A filter element with a displacing separating element that divides the filter surface into pressurized and non-pressurized sections, allowing controlled distribution of dirt and even pressure loss by moving the separating element based on contamination levels, using a concave-convex structure for guided displacement.
Enhances the service life of the filter element by evenly distributing dirt, reducing pressure loss, and lowering energy costs through controlled surface utilization.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a filter element for separating solid particles from a fluid, in particular from a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid, according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a filter therein, according to claim 12.
[0002] German patent application DE 43 10 492 A1 discloses a filter for separating particles from a fluid, comprising a pot-shaped filter housing into which a filter element is inserted. The filter housing is closed by a filter head, with the filter element fixed between a housing base and the filter head. The filter head incorporates an inlet connection with an inlet channel and an outlet connection with an outlet channel. The inlet channel opens into an inlet chamber bounded by an outer surface of the filter element and the filter housing, from which the fluid to be filtered flows approximately radially into the filter element. The filter element extends along its vertical axis in a hollow cylindrical shape. It features a circumferential series of folds parallel to the vertical axis, with inner fold troughs and outer fold crests.
[0003] A disadvantage of this solution is the resulting uneven distribution of dirt accumulating on the filter element. This negatively affects pressure loss, energy efficiency, and the service life of the filter element.
[0004] In contrast, the invention aims to create a filter element with improved dirt / particle distribution. Furthermore, it aims to create a filter with a corresponding filter element.
[0005] The first problem is solved by a filter element with the features of claim 1, the second problem by a filter with the features of claim 12.
[0006] Advantageous further developments are described in the respective dependent patent claims.
[0007] A filter element for separating particles from a fluid, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid, has a filter sleeve extending around a longitudinal axis. Specifically, an outer side of the filter sleeve can be provided for applying a pressure medium flow rate to an inlet volume flow, and an inner side of the filter sleeve for discharging an outlet volume flow. Reverse application of pressure medium flow to the outer and inner sides of the filter sleeve is also possible. According to the invention, the filter element has a separating element on at least one of its sides that is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis. This separating element allows a first section or area of the filter sleeve, which can be subjected to the inlet volume flow, to be essentially fluidically separated from a second section or area of the filter sleeve on the same side.The term "equilaterality" here refers to the fact that both sections are located together on one of the two sides, i.e., either both on the inside or both on the outside.
[0008] The separating element allows the filter area available for filtration to be divided into a usable, because activated, section and a reserved, because unactivated, section. The reserved section is the aforementioned second section. Depending on the position of the separating element, the surface areas are divided accordingly, with only the first section being available for the current filtration process. The second section can be made available for filtration at a later time, particularly when the first section is sufficiently contaminated, by moving the separating element. In this way, a filter element is created where the distribution of particles or dirt can be better controlled and influenced by moving the separating element. This positively impacts the service life of the filter element.Furthermore, the contamination of the section available for filtration becomes more uniform. This leads to a more uniform pressure drop across the surface of the filter element, which protects it and reduces energy costs, especially pump power.
[0009] In a preferred further development, the separating element is movable depending on the degree of contamination of the first section.
[0010] In particular, the separating element is fixed up to a limit value for the degree of contamination in the first section and can be moved above this limit value. If the limit value is reached and exceeded, the separating element can be moved, providing additional filter area in the second section. However, this also reduces the (average) degree of contamination of the affected area, thus ending the movement of the separating element. The cycle begins anew when the limit value for the degree of contamination is reached again.
[0011] In order for the separating element to move during operation without operator intervention, virtually automatically, it is designed in such a way that it is movable depending on the pressure applied to the separating element and the first section.
[0012] Preferably, a pressure limit is associated with the limit value of the degree of contamination. If the contamination increases to the limit value of the degree of contamination, the corresponding pressure limit is reached at the first section, and thus at an effective surface of the separating element facing it, and the separating element begins to shift towards the second section. The shift continues until the pressure has dropped to a value at which the resulting pressure force on the separating element is no longer sufficient to cause the shift.
[0013] In other words, the separating element is movable depending on a pressure difference between an inside and outside of the first section, since the pressure difference (pressure loss) results from the contamination, among other things, and the pressure difference results in the pressure on the exposed side of the first section.
[0014] In a further development, the filter element has a support structure interspersed with through-holes, which is designed in a sleeve-like manner, at least in sections. The support structure is at least partially enclosed by the filter sleeve.
[0015] Preferably, it is completely enclosed. In the longitudinal direction, it can be completely enclosed by the filter sleeve or only partially.
[0016] In a first variant, the separating element is designed as a closed surface and is completely surrounded or encircled by the filter sleeve. In this way, it is positioned within the filter sleeve, specifically within a passage of the filter sleeve, and an inlet chamber is fluidically separated from a return chamber within the filter sleeve. This allows for the described controlled enlargement of the first section for the filter sleeve, which is fed from the inside.
[0017] In one variation, the separating element is ring-shaped and completely surrounds the filter sleeve. This allows for the fluidic separation of an outer, ring-shaped inlet chamber from an outer, ring-shaped return chamber. This variation is used when the filter element, or filter sleeve, is subjected to external pressure.
[0018] In the first variant with an internal, flat-sided separating element, the latter is preferably arranged to be slidably mounted on the support structure, in particular to be slidably guided.
[0019] In the other variant with a ring-shaped separating element that is arranged on the outside of the filter sleeve, this element is slidably, in particular slidably guided, on the outside of the filter sleeve.
[0020] In a further development, independent of the aforementioned variant, a concave-convex structure extending at least in the direction of the longitudinal axis is provided to guide the separating element, with which the separating element engages, in particular in a sliding manner. The structure serves to guide the movement of the separating element in a controlled manner.
[0021] The structure is designed to be either single-track or multi-track. The multi-track design is particularly suitable for preventing the separating element from tilting or becoming jammed.
[0022] In a preferred further development, the structure is a helical or threaded structure. The helical or threaded structure allows, for example, controlled influence on frictional forces between the friction partners (support structure and separating element or filter sleeve and separating element).
[0023] If the separating element is closed on the inside, it can, for example, be designed in a screw-like shape. In the other case, with a ring-shaped separating element, it can, for example, be designed in a nut-like shape.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the filter sleeve has a series of folds, the structure of which is formed on one outer surface of the filter sleeve. This applies in particular to the case of the outer, ring-shaped separating element. This element is then in slidable engagement with the structure. In a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned structure is then formed by the crests and flanks of the folds.
[0025] It goes without saying that as soon as the aforementioned structure, whether linear, helical or thread-like, is present, the engagement with a corresponding counter-structure on the separating element is given.
[0026] In further training, the structure extends with, that is, parallel to, the creases.
[0027] Alternatively, the structure could extend transversely to the fold crests. This is particularly the case if the folds extend in a ring-like fashion around the longitudinal axis. In this case, the fold crests forming the structure have variable heights and are essentially uniform with respect to each other. Furthermore, they exhibit an angular offset relative to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis, resulting in the aforementioned helical structure.
[0028] Regardless of the preceding designs and variants, the pleats of the filter sleeve can be configured with varying, and in particular periodically changing, pleat or comb heights. For example, it is conceivable that only every second or third pleat comb is high, while the remaining pleat combs are low. In this way, the flow characteristics and thus also the distribution of dirt and particles across the filter surface are improved and made more uniform. In the case of the inner, fully enclosed separating element, the concave-convex structure with which the fully enclosed separating element is in slidable engagement is formed on the inside of the supporting structure.
[0029] A filter for separating particles from a fluid, in particular from a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid, has a filter housing with an inlet channel and an outlet channel. A filter element is arranged in the filter housing, which is designed according to at least one of the aspects of the preceding description. According to the invention, the first section of the filter sleeve, which is subject to the inlet flow rate, is essentially fluidically separated from the second section of the filter sleeve on the same side, at least via the separating element of the filter element.
[0030] The advantages resulting from this design have already been discussed in the explanations of the filter element, so they will not be mentioned again here.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the filter sleeve is enclosed by the separating element in an annular manner, with the separating element, on the other hand, particularly radially on the outside, abutting an inner wall of the filter housing. In this way, an outer, particularly annular, inlet chamber is fluidically separated from an equilateral, particularly annular, return chamber within the filter housing. The inlet chamber is bounded, at least partially, by the first section, the separating element, and the inner wall.
[0032] To fix the separating element in position up to the specified limit value of the contamination level of the first section and to allow it to slide above this limit, a further development arranges the separating element in the filter housing with a fit matched to the limit value. This can be, for example, a transition or interference fit.
[0033] To inform an operator or control unit that the filter element needs to be replaced because the limit value of the degree of contamination has been reached and the filter surface reserve of the second section is exhausted, the filter has a [missing information - likely a specific marking or indicator] in a
[0034] Further training includes a position detection unit, via which the position of the separating element, in particular with reference to the longitudinal axis and / or to the filter sleeve, can be detected.
[0035] In a further development, the filter also features a position reporting unit, which allows the position to be reported to an operator or a control unit. In a simpler case, a sensor or, for example, a mechanical, externally visible pin can be provided for one or more of these tasks.
[0036] Six exemplary embodiments of a filter element according to the invention and one exemplary embodiment of a filter according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to six drawings. These show:
[0037] Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a filter element with linear folds,
[0038] Fig. 2 a second embodiment of a filter element with helical folds and a concave cylindrical shape,
[0039] Fig. 3 a third embodiment of a filter element with helical folds and a cylindrical shape,
[0040] Fig. 4 in a single figure a fourth and fifth embodiment of a filter element with ring-shaped, angular and wavy folds,
[0041] Fig. 5 a first embodiment of a filter in a cross-section with a sixth embodiment of a filter element having different pleat heights, and
[0042] Fig. 6 a detail of the filter according to Fig. 5.
[0043] According to Fig. 1 has a first embodiment of a filter element 1 It has an essentially cylindrical shape. It has a filter sleeve. 2 with a series of wrinkles 4 , of which in Fig. 1. Only two are described as examples. These extend around a longitudinal axis. 6 all around. The filter sleeve 2 It is completely enclosed and supported on the inside by a support structure interspersed with passageways. 8 supported. In this way, an inlet flow can be applied to the filter element from the outside. 1 and the wrinkles 4 flow towards them without pressing them in.
[0044] Every wrinkle 4 It exhibits an outer and an inner fold crest. From the perspective of the outer fold crests, the inner fold crests can also be described as fold troughs.
[0045] End sections of the filter sleeve 2 , and thus the wrinkles 4 , are on the one hand in a bottom cover without an opening 10 and on the other hand into a connection cover provided with an opening 12 Framed. The framing of the end sections into the lids 10 , 12 It is pressure-tight, for example glued or ultrasonically welded, so that at this point it is sealed from the outside. 14 towards the inside 16 of the filter element 1 , and conversely, no bypass flow can occur.
[0046] Furthermore, the filter element 1 one in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6movable, essentially ring-shaped separating element 18 , via which a first section can be acted upon by the inlet volume flow 20 the filter sleeve 2 from an equilateral surface, i.e., also on the outside 14 arranged, second section 22 the filter sleeve 2 is essentially fluidically separable. The actual fluidic separation of the two sections 20 , 22 This only occurs when the filter element is installed. 1 in a filter housing, such as Fig. 5 and Fig. Show 6.
[0047] Before we discuss the functionality of the filter element... 1 with the ring-shaped separating element arranged to be slidable on the outside therein 18 Before we delve into the details, the other exemplary embodiments will first be described according to the Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 explained. The functioning of the respective separating elements according to the invention presented therein is essentially the same for all embodiments and differs only in their either linear or helical movement upon displacement. Since only the embodiment according to Fig. 5 also when installed inside a filter housing 26 As shown, the explanation for the fifth and all other embodiments is based on the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
[0048] The exemplary embodiments of the filter elements differ only in their filter sleeve and their separating element. Components and parts that remain the same across the exemplary embodiments are therefore provided with consistent reference numerals and are referred to as follows: Fig. The sections described in point 1 are not explained in more detail.
[0049] In contrast to the first embodiment, a filter element 101 according to Fig. 2 a modified filter sleeve 102 and a modified, adapted separating element 118 The filter sleeve 102 is twisted compared to that of the first embodiment, resulting in an essentially helical deformation of folds. 104 This results in wrinkles. 104 the filter sleeve 102 not linear, as in Fig. 1, but extend along a screw or helical curve. As in the first embodiment, and in all others, the folds represent 104 This represents a concave-convex structure with which the separating element 118 is in a movable engagement. Unlike the first embodiment, however, this occurs due to the twisting of the folds. 104The displacement is not linear, but essentially like a mother's head. A striking feature of the second embodiment is that the filter sleeve... 102 On the outside, a concave constriction towards the longitudinal axis 6 This is due to the manufacturing process, in which a filter sleeve, similar to that of the first embodiment, is inserted into the bottom cover. 10 is inserted and welded, and then rotated around the longitudinal axis 6 The filter sleeve is twisted. For example, to fix this twist, ultrasonic welding can be used on the end section of the filter sleeve. 102 , which is the connection cover 12 adjacent to the supporting structure 8 This will happen. Subsequently, the connection cover will be... 12 , especially ultrasonically welded, and attached. This gives the filter sleeve a secure fit. 102 the in Fig. 2. Depicted, permanent, helical shape. Since the height of the crests of the (untorced) folds 104in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 2, relative to the longitudinal axis 6 Since the twisting is constant, the aforementioned concave, outer constriction of the filter sleeve results from this twisting. 102 It should be mentioned that on one inside side of the separating element 118 this corresponds to the concave-convex structure of the outside of the filter sleeve 102 It is adapted so that it engages and remains engaged regardless of its position. This adapted structure of the separating element must be... 118 which is due to the concave constriction of the filter sleeve 102 Resulting radius change with the displacement of the separating element 118 can compensate along the longitudinal axis.
[0050] The third embodiment according to Fig. 3 is similar to the one according to Fig. 2. However, a filter sleeve 202designed in such a way that, in the undistorted state, they have a height of the crests of the folds 204 exhibits a range from a minimum value at the respective end sections to a maximum value in the middle of the filter sleeve 202 grows.
[0051] The filter sleeve 202 In its undistorted state, the filter sleeve is therefore essentially radially bulging or convex (not shown). This bulging in the fold height compensates for the described twisting of the filter sleeve. 202 the concave constriction. As a result, the filter sleeve exhibits 202 It has an essentially cylindrical shape. This, in turn, facilitates the alignment of the inner surface of the separating element. 218 on the wrinkles 204 formed concave-convex structure with which it must interact.
[0052] Fig. Figure 4 shows two examples of a filter element. 301 and 401To reduce the number of drawings, both are included in the Fig. 4 shown and each through the longitudinal axis 6 Visually separated. Here too, the only difference lies in the design of the filter sleeve. 302 , or 402 and the separating element adapted to it 318 , or 418 The filter sleeve 302 It is shaped in such a way that it is essentially composed of several threads of rectangular folds. 304 , which extend in a helical shape. Accordingly, the separating element is 318 on this type of fold 304 It is adapted as a counterpart and essentially has a corresponding internal thread.
[0053] The same applies to the fourth training example of the filter element. 401 , in which the wrinkles 404They also extend in multiple threads, but instead of having a rectangular cross-section, they have a cross-section that is essentially sinusoidal or wave-shaped. The separating element is accordingly 418 adapted to it with a correspondingly "round" internal thread.
[0054] A fifth and final embodiment shows Fig. 5. Here is a filter 24 with a filter housing 26 shown in a cross-section, with the filter housing 26 a filter element 501 is used. The filter element 501 has a separating element 518 , which has a concave-convex structure on its radial inner surface, resembling a concave-convex structure on the outer surface of a filter sleeve 502 is adapted.
[0055] This shows in more detail Fig. 6 in an enlarged detail view. It is clearly visible that the folds 504 the filter sleeve 502 , relative to the longitudinal axis6 , exhibiting varying ridge heights. Thus, high folds alternate. 504 and low wrinkles 504 off. Here too, the crests of the folds form 504 again the concave-convex structure, with which the adapted concave-convex structure of the separating element 518 is in a displaceable engagement. Viewed from the radial outside, the last embodiment resembles the one according to Fig. 3, except for the fact that in the last embodiment different heights of the pleat combs are provided.
[0056] The following functional description applies, as already mentioned, to all exemplary embodiments of filter elements. 1 ; 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ; 501 and is carried out using the fifth embodiment with reference to the Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Only deviations between the individual embodiments will be addressed at the appropriate point.
[0057] Let us assume that the filter element 501 according to Fig. 3. From below, the airflow is directed at the outside. For better understanding, the filter housing is shown. 26 Sections are shown on the left and right in a sectional view.
[0058] At the beginning of the operation of the filter element 501 is the separating element 518 for example near the bottom cover 10 arranged, whereby the first section 20 , which is located between the bottom cover 10 and the separating element 518 extends, still small compared to the second section 22 is. Since the filter element 501 into the filter housing 26 with a between the separating element 518 and the filter housing 26The separating element is used in a trained transition fit. 518 only above a certain limit value of a value in the first section 20 applied pressure in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 to the second section 22 movable.
[0059] Over the entire operating life of the filter element 501 Only the first section will be 20 flowing towards it, since the second section 22 via the separating element 518 , the transition fit with the filter housing 26 and the correspondingly coordinated concave-convex shaped structures of the filter sleeve 502 and the separating element 518 , from the first section 20 is essentially fluidically separated.
[0060] With the commissioning of the first section 20During operation, the level of particle contamination also increases. If this level of contamination reaches a limit value, this corresponds to a limit value of one mentioned in the first section. 20 and on the side of the separating element facing this 518 The separating element begins to operate when this limit or pressure is exceeded. 518 then towards the second section 22 to shift like a mother's head. The shifting ends as soon as the pressure on the first section is released. 20 , or in the first section 20 , the separating element 518 and the inlet space limited by the filter housing 21 according to Fig. 3 is no longer sufficient for this.
[0061] This is justified by the fact that the release of unused, uncontaminated filter material in the first section 20 the pressure loss across the first section from the outside 514 to the inside 516, and thus the pressure in the inlet chamber 21 decreases. In this way, the pollution limit of the first section is reduced. 20 and the associated pressure limit is repeatedly reached, exceeded, and then, due to the displacement of the separating element and the resulting release of fresh filter area, falls below it again. In this way, the separating element migrates. 518 according to Fig. 3 slowly from the bottom lid 10 towards the connection cover 12 , until a remaining area of the second section 22 is no longer sufficient. Then the filter element must be replaced. 518 The filter element can be changed. An integrated signal generator, not shown in the figures, can then indicate a filter change. For example, a sensor can be integrated that signals, by the emergence of a pin, that the filter element needs to be changed.
[0062] Beyond the dividing element 518is from this, the filter housing 26 and the second 22 a backcourt 23 limited.
[0063] All embodiments have in common that the movable separating element 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 the pressure medium to be filtered more evenly around the respective filter element 1 ; 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ; 501 The filter media is distributed, thus optimizing the use of the filter material. This makes filtration more efficient. The respective separation element can perform either a linear, helical, or screw-like displacement movement via the concave-convex structure. The type of movement depends on the shape of the concave-convex structures.
[0064] A filter element for separating particles from a fluid, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid, is disclosed, comprising a filter sleeve extending around a longitudinal axis. A separating element, movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis, is provided, by means of which an inner or outer first section of the filter sleeve, subject to an inlet flow rate, can be essentially fluidically separated from a similarly oriented, i.e., also inner or outer, second section of the filter sleeve.
[0065] A filter for separating particles from a fluid, in particular from a hydraulic fluid, is further disclosed, comprising a filter housing with an inlet channel and an outlet channel, in which such a filter element is arranged, wherein at least via the separating element the first section of the filter sleeve that can be subjected to the inlet volume flow is essentially fluidically separated from the equilateral, second section of the filter sleeve. Reference symbol list 1; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501 filter element 2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502; Filter sleeve 4; 104; 204; 304; 404; 504; fold 6 Longitudinal axis 8 Support structure 10 bottom covers 12 connection covers 14; 514 outside 16; 516 inside 18; 118; 218; 318; 418; 518; Separating element 20 first section 21 Inlet area 22 second section 23 Backcourt 24 filters 26 filter housings QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
[0066] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature
[0067] DE 4310492 A1
[0002]
Claims
[1] Filter element for separating particles from a fluid, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic fluid, with a radiating axis ( 6 ) extending filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ), characterized by a direction in the longitudinal axis ( 6 ) movable separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ), via which a first section capable of being supplied with an inlet volume flow ( 20 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) of an equilateral, second section ( 22 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) is essentially fluidically separable or fluidically separated. [2] Filter element according to claim 1, which is designed such that the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) until a limit value of a pollution level of the first section is reached ( 20 ) is fixed and can be adjusted once the limit is exceeded. [3] Filter element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) is displaceable depending on a pressure applied to the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) and first section ( 20 ) is pending. [4] Filter element according to one of the preceding claims with a sleeve-like support structure permeated by through-holes ( 8 ), which are from the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402; 502 ) encompassed. [5] Filter element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating element is designed as a closed surface and is surrounded by the filter sleeve, so that an inlet space is fluidically separated from a return space within the filter sleeve, or wherein the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) ring-shaped and the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) is enclosed by it, so that an outer, ring-shaped inlet space ( 21 ) from an outer ring-shaped rear space ( 23 ) fluidically separable, in particular fluidically separated. [6] Filter element according to claims 4 and 5, wherein the flat closed separating element is slidable on the inside of the support structure, or wherein the ring-shaped separating element ( 18 ;118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) on the outside of the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) is movable. [7] Filter element according to one of the preceding claims having a dimension extending at least in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( 6 ) extending concave-convex structure ( 4 ; 104 ; 204 ; 304 ; 404 ; 504 ), with which the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) is undergoing a movable procedure. [8] Filter element according to claim 7, wherein the structure ( 104 ; 204 ; 304 ; 404 ; 504 ) is a helical structure or a threaded structure. [9] Filter element according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the filter sleeve is a series of folds ( 4 ; 104 ; 204 ; 304 ;404 ; 504 ) has, of which on an outside ( 14 ; 514 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) the structure is formed. [10] Filter element according to claim 9, wherein the structure has crests of folds ( 4 ; 104 ; 204 ; 304 ; 404 ; 504 ) extends, or wherein the folds extend in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis and the structure extends transversely to the crests of the folds. [11] Filter element according to claims 4, 5 and 7, wherein the concave-convex structure with which the planar closed separating element is in slidable engagement is formed on the inside of the support structure. [12] Filter for separating particles from a fluid, in particular from a hydraulic fluid, comprising a filter housing having an inlet channel and an outlet channel (26 ), in which a filter element ( 1 ; 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ; 501 ) is arranged, which is designed according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least via the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) the first section that can be subjected to the inlet volume flow ( 20 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) from the equilateral, second section ( 22 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502 ) is essentially fluidically separated. [13] Filter according to claim 12, wherein the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) the filter sleeve ( 2 : 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ;502 ) on the one hand surrounds in a ring shape and on the other hand attaches to an inner wall of the filter housing ( 26 borders. [14] Filter according to claim 13, wherein the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) up to a limit value of a pollution level of the first section ( 20 ) is fixed and movable above the limit value, and wherein the separating element ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ; 418 ; 518 ) with a fit in the filter housing that is tailored to the limit value ( 26 ) is arranged. [15] Filter according to one of claims 12 to 14 comprising a position detection unit by which the position of the separating element can be detected.