Braking method using a universal self-centering system
The universal self-centering system addresses the inefficiency of component repositioning in braking systems by using a dynamic chain mechanism to transfer torque continuously, ensuring smooth and wear-free operation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DEGTJAREW ALEXANDER
- Filing Date
- 2016-08-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
The invention relates to brakes that are activated by backpedaling on a pedal and their transmission devices. Devices disclosed in DE 37 31 490 A1, DE 43 29 441 A1 and US 3 874 253 A use one-way clutches or freewheels, in which a load transfer occurs for locking upon engagement. A method of braking when the pedals are rotated in the opposite direction is known, for example from SU 1 189 724 A. When the pedals are turned in the opposite direction, a driven star 5 with a leading cone 4 rotates counterclockwise. The leading cone 4, with the side surfaces of profile grooves, presses the side surfaces of gear shafts 8, which rotate about their axes, against the side surfaces of the windows of a shell 7 (Fig. 2). This creates a frictional force between them and forms a braking torque on the side surfaces of the gear shafts. A drawback of this method is the need to reposition the bushing components to ensure their interaction. An objective of the invention is to achieve braking without repositioning the components. Disclosure of the invention The stated objective is achieved by a braking method using a universal self-centering system according to claim 1. The universal self-centering system has an outer base and a medial base located in the same plane, with the outer base encompassing the medial base. Three or more rotatable stars are mounted on each base. The stars are connected by a chain. Transfer gears are mounted on an axis with the stars of the outer base, transmitting a torque to a gear of a delivery shaft. In the method, a braking torque is applied by backpedaling a pedal, and the direction of movement of a driven star is changed, thereby changing the direction of movement of the bases of the universal self-centering system.A torque is transferred to a delivery shaft at the expense of the displacement of a chain when the axes of the foundations of the universal self-centered system do not meet. A universal self-centered system is known from the printed materials 2013 154 311 A , RU 2013 153 163 A , RU 2013 152 649 A , RU 2013 148 896 A , RU 2013 145 988 A , RU 2013 198 74 RU 2013 2014 253 A , RU 2013 144 445 A , RU 2013 144 444 A , RU 2013 142 690 A , RU 2013 142 203 A , DE 210 2010 , 19 , 19 36 OF 10 2013 019 628 A1 , OF 10 2013 019 627 A1 , OF 10 2013 019 593 A1 , OF 10 2013 019 592 A1 , OF 10 2013 019 404 DE 2013 , 2013 402 A1 , DE 10 2012 018 132 A1 , DE 10 2012 018 131 A1 , DE 10 2012 017 180 A1 , DE 10 2012 016 380 A1 , DE 10 10 2012 1 4 DE 2012 013 308 A1 , DE 10 2012 012 586 A1 , DE 10 2012 002 076 A1 , DE 10 2012 001 232 A1 und DE 10 2012 000 316 A1 . The universal self-centering system has an outer and a medial foundation, both lying in the same plane. The outer foundation encloses the medial foundation. Three or more rotatable rollers, stars, or discs are mounted on each foundation. The number of rollers, discs, or stars on each foundation is identical. Each roller, disc, or star can be exchanged for two rollers, discs, or stars to utilize a point of tension on a rope, belt, or chain between the rollers, discs, or stars. The effect of the tensioning force on the point of tension on the rope, chain, or belt between the rollers, discs, or stars does not affect the properties of the universal self-centering system when located on a foundation. The method of tensioning the belt, rope, or chain is known from RU 2013 147 711 A.The static properties of the universal self-centering system were used in the cited publications. In the present invention, one of the dynamic properties of the universal self-centering system is used: the joint rotation of the interconnected medial and outer foundations is possible even if the axes of rotation of the foundations do not coincide. This means that the medial and outer foundations can rotate with respect to their respective non-coincident axes of rotation when a torque is applied to one of the foundations. In the following description, stars with a chain will be used. To simplify the following proofs, a universal self-centered system, depicted in Fig. 10, is used. The radius of the stars is set to zero. The axes of the medial foundation 1 and the outer foundation 2 have been offset by a quantity of 20. Fig. 10 has then been transformed into the schematic shown in Fig. 11. In Fig. 11, the universal self-centered system is shown rotated to various angles, while the length of the chain remains constant. This means that there are no contradictions in realizing a rotation of the universal self-centered system. The displacement of the chain occurs at a constant speed. This is facilitated by the fact that the stars of the outer foundation 2 can only rotate at a constant speed, since gears are mounted on them that transmit the rotation to a drive shaft.The change in the length of the points of the chain between the stars of the outer foundation 2 and the stars of the medial foundation 1 is compensated for by a cyclic change in the rotational speed of the stars 3, 4, 5 of the medial foundation 1. The diagrams of the speed v2 of the chain and the velocities of the stars 3, 4, 5 are shown in Fig. 12. Figures 11 and 12 are used to prove the precession of stars 3, 4, and 5. The initial position of the universal self-centered system is shown in Figure 11 at a rotation angle of 0°. For the rotation of the universal self-centered system at the position 0° - 60°, the following condition must be met: v5 < v4 < v3. Here, v5 is the velocity of star 5, v4 is the velocity of star 4, and v3 is the velocity of star 3. The lengths of the chain between stars 3-4 and 4-5 will increase. The length of the chain between stars 5-3 will decrease. Similarly, at the point 60° - 120°, the condition v4 < v5 < v3 must be fulfilled. At the point 120° - 180°, the condition v3 < v5 < v4 must be fulfilled. At the point 180° - 240°, the condition v3 < v4 < v5 must be fulfilled. At the point 240° - 300°, the condition v3 < v5 < v4 must be fulfilled. At the point 300° - 360°, the condition v5 < v3 < v4 must be fulfilled. These conditions can be met using cycloids. Figure 12 shows diagrams of the changing velocities of stars 3, 4, and 5. Each star has a cycloid. The cycloids 3a, 4a, and 5a of stars 3, 4, and 5 are offset from each other by an angle of 120°. At the points 0°, 120°, 240°, and 360°, the inequality signs change for the stars located in the upper part of the cycloids. For example, upon passing the point 0°, the inequality v3 < v4 changes to the inequality v3 > v4. The velocities of the stars located in the upper part of the cycloid are equal to each other. The vectors a, b, and c are directed along the tangents to stars 3, 4, and 5 and ensure the change in velocities according to the diagram in Figure 12. The sum of the vectors a, b, c is not equal to zero if the axes of foundations 1 and 2 do not coincide. The speed of the chain is denoted by v2. The lowest speed of the stars is denoted by v1. Stars 6 and 7 in Fig. 3 are equivalent to star 21 in Fig. 10. Stars 8 and 9 in Fig. 3 are equivalent to star 22 in Fig. 10. Stars 10 and 11 in Fig. 3 are equivalent to star 23 in Fig. 10. Brief description of the characters Fig. 1 shows a device for implementing a braking method according to one embodiment. Fig. 2 shows a rear view of the device for implementing the braking method. Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the device with an offset of the axis of a medial foundation relative to the axis of an outer foundation. Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of a spring for tensioning stars. Fig. 5 shows a front view of the device where the axes of the outer and medial foundations meet. Fig. 6 shows a rear view of the device where the axes of the outer and medial foundations meet. Fig. 7 shows a diagram for the expected estimation of the magnitude of the chain offset when the axes of the medial and outer foundations do not coincide. Fig. 8 shows a side view of the device for implementing the braking method.Figure 9 shows the arrangement of the stars and the chain when the axes of the foundations meet. Figure 10 shows a universal self-centered system used to prove the possibility of joint rotation of the foundations when their axes do not coincide. Figure 11 shows diagrams of the universal self-centered system rotating through various angles. Figure 12 shows diagrams of the velocities of the stars and the chain. Embodiments of the invention In the example of a specific embodiment of a device that explains the method, a universal self-centering system is used, comprising a medial base 1 and an outer base 2. Stars 3, 4, 5 are rotatably mounted on the medial base 1. Six rotatable stars 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 are mounted on the outer base 2, their axes secured in bearings 18. On an axis with stars 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, transmission gears 12 are mounted, which transmit a torque to a gear on the output shaft 13. Tensioning stars 20, which are spring-loaded by spring 19, are mounted between pairs of stars 6-7, 8-9, 10-11. The tensioning stars 20 do not affect the properties of the universal self-centering system. They act on points of the chain 15 between the stars 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, in this case the outer foundation 2. An input shaft 17 is connected to the outer foundation 2 and shares its axis. The medial foundation 1 has a shaft 16 whose axis, in the absence of a transverse load on this shaft 16, coincides with the axis of rotation of the outer foundation 2 and the input shaft 17. When the axes of the medial and outer supports 1, 2 meet, as shown in Fig. 9, and a torque is applied to one of the supports, both supports 1, 2 rotate at the same angular velocity. All stars and the chain 15 remain stationary. The output shaft 13 rotates together with the supports 1, 2. The torque on the output shaft 13 is proportional only to the frictional forces in the bearings. When the axis of shaft 16 of the medial foundation 1 is displaced relative to the axes of the outer foundation 2 and the output shaft 13, a forced displacement of the chain 15 occurs along its perimeter, and correspondingly, a rotation of the stars 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20 occurs. During this process, torque is transferred from the transfer gears 12 to the output shaft 13. The torque can be applied to the input shaft 17, which is connected to the outer foundation 2, or to shaft 16 of the medial foundation 1. The magnitude of the displacement of the chain 15 and the rotation angle of the gears for one revolution of the outer foundation 2 will be proportional to the magnitude of the displacement of the axis of shaft 16 relative to the axis of the input shaft 17 of the outer foundation 2. The expected displacement of chain 15 for one revolution can be estimated using the diagram in Fig. 7. When the outer base 2 rotates 120 degrees, star 6 and star 3 will occupy the positions of stars 10 and 5. Section 21 of chain 15, with a length of 231.92, will then occupy the position of section 14 of chain 15 and increase its length to 434.53. For one full revolution, chain 15 will be displaced by (434.53 - 231.92) * 3 = 607.83. With a diameter of 100 for stars 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, these will rotate by 607.83 / 3.14 * 100 = 1.936 revolutions for one revolution of the outer base 2. With a transfer ratio of 0.5 between the transfer gears 12 and the gear of the output shaft 13, for one revolution of the input shaft 17 the output shaft 13 will also rotate by one revolution, and by 100 when the axis of the shaft 16 is offset.The diameter of the outer foundation 2 is expected to be 1000. The device for implementing the process can include a universal self-centering system with a closed belt or chain. Rollers, discs, or stars can be rotatably mounted on the bases. When the direction of rotation of bearings 1 and 2 changes, a torque in the opposite direction acts on the output shaft 13, generating a braking torque. In this braking method, there are no mutually rubbing rotating components. The toothed engagement of all components is continuous, not reversible. The universal self-centering system functions as an overrunning clutch. The torque from the output shaft 13 is not transmitted to bearings 1 and 2. The torque transfer from the input shaft 17 to the output shaft 13 is continuous, with a base velocity of zero. Reference symbol list 1 Medial foundation 2 Outer foundation 3, 4, 5 Star on medial foundation 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Star on outer foundation 12 Transfer gear 13 Output shaft 14 Chain section 15 Chain 16 Shaft of medial foundation 17 Input shaft 18 Bearing 19 Spring 20 Tensioning star 21, 22, 23 Star on outer foundation v1 smallest speed of the stars v2 speed of the chain v3 speed of star 3 v4 speed of star 4 v5 speed of star 5
Claims
Method of braking using a universal self-centering system comprising an outer base (2) and a medial base (1) lying in one plane, wherein the outer base (2) surrounds the medial base (1), wherein three or more rotatable rollers, discs or stars (6-11) are attached to the outer base (2) and rotatable rollers, discs or stars (3-5) are attached to the medial base (1), wherein the rollers, discs or stars (3-11) on the outer base (2) and the medial base (1) are connected by a belt or chain (15) and on an axis with the rollers, discs or stars (6-11) of the outer base (2).Foundation (2) transfer gears (12) are attached which transmit a torque to a gear of a delivery shaft (13), wherein tension rollers, discs or stars (20) are accommodated between pairs of the stars (6-7, 8-9, 10-11) of the outer foundation (2), which are spring-loaded by a spring (19) and act on points of the belt or chain (15) between the pairs of rollers, discs or stars (6-7, 8-9, 10-11), wherein a shaft (16) is connected to the medial foundation (1), and an input shaft (17) is connected to the outer foundation (2).is connected, wherein in the method a braking torque is received by a backpedaling on a pedal and a direction of movement of a driven star connected to the input shaft (17) or the shaft (16) is changed in order to apply a torque to a driven one of the foundations (1 or 2), characterized in that a direction of movement of one of the driven foundations (1 or 2) is changed, and in the universal self-centering system the torque is transferred to the output shaft (13), compensated by a displacement of the belt or chain (15) when axes of the foundations (1, 2) do not meet.