Processing unit for monitoring a starter for an internal combustion engine

Abstract

A processing unit (101) for monitoring an electrically operated starter (105) configured to drive an internal combustion engine (103) during a starting process; wherein the processing unit (101) is configured to: - determine power information regarding the electrical power supplied to the starter (105) during a starting process of the internal combustion engine (103); - determine speed information regarding a speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) during the starting process; - determine, based on the power information and the speed information, at least one map point in a map (200) of the starter (105); wherein the map (200) shows a relationship between the electrical power of the starter (105) and the expected speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103); where the characteristic map (200) comprises a plurality of different areas (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257);wherein the different areas (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257) each extend over different speed ranges and / or power ranges; and- based on the position of the map point within the map (200) to carry out a diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter (105); wherein carrying out the diagnosis includes determining in which area (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257) the map point of the starting process falls.;

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a processing unit and a corresponding method for monitoring a starter for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle.

[0002] A vehicle with an internal combustion engine typically has a starter motor, which is used to crank the engine so that at least one intake and compression stroke can be performed and the engine can start. The starter motor typically includes an electric motor, in particular a DC motor, which is powered by electrical energy from the vehicle's electrical system (in particular a low-voltage system with a system voltage of 60V or less, typically 12V or 48V).

[0003] The driver of a vehicle can activate the ignition (e.g., via a start button). In response, the starter is prompted to drive the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to accelerate it to the starting speed, allowing the engine to start.

[0004] It can happen that the starter motor fails to accelerate a vehicle's internal combustion engine to the necessary starting speed, or that despite reaching the required starting speed, the starting process is unsuccessful. In other words, a starting attempt may fail, and the internal combustion engine cannot be started. This document addresses the technical task of precisely and efficiently testing the starter motor for an internal combustion engine, particularly to prevent starting difficulties.

[0005] The problem is solved by the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described, inter alia, in the dependent claims. It should be noted that additional features of a claim dependent on an independent claim, without the features of the independent claim itself or only in combination with a subset of the features of the independent claim, can constitute a separate invention independent of the combination of all features of the independent claim, which can be made the subject of an independent claim, a divisional application, or a subsequent application. This applies equally to technical teachings described in the description, which can constitute an invention independent of the features of the independent claims.

[0006] According to one aspect, a processing unit for monitoring an electrically driven starter is described. The processing unit may have one or more features of another processing unit described in this document. The starter is designed to drive an internal combustion engine during a starting process. For this purpose, the starter includes, for example, an electric motor, in particular a DC motor, to which electrical power can be supplied to generate torque for driving the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. For a starting process, a user can, via a user interface (e.g., via an ignition switch or a start button), cause electrical power to be supplied to the starter from an on-board electrical system, in particular from the electrical system of a vehicle. The internal combustion engine (in particular the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine) is then driven by the starter.After a certain period of time, the internal combustion engine's rotational speed may be high enough for it to start. Following a successful start, the engine is typically powered solely by the combustion process. Conversely, a start may fail, and the engine will not start. The processing unit may be configured to determine the cause of an unsuccessful start.

[0007] The processing unit is designed to determine power information relating to the electrical power supplied to the starter during an internal combustion engine start-up. This electrical power typically depends on the starter voltage applied to the starter and / or the starter current flowing into it. Specifically, the electrical power is the product of the starter voltage and the starter current. The power information can display the starter voltage during the start-up process, particularly at the beginning. The starter voltage applied to the starter can influence a specific torque / speed relationship of the starter (typically described by a corresponding characteristic curve). The value of the starter voltage can be measured by a voltage measuring unit.

[0008] The processing unit can be further configured to determine engine speed information related to the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine during the starting process. This information can display the engine speed, particularly the maximum speed, during the starting process. The engine speed can be determined via a speed measuring unit of the internal combustion engine.

[0009] Furthermore, the processing unit is configured to perform a diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter based on power and speed information. The starting process may have been successful (if the internal combustion engine started) or unsuccessful (if the internal combustion engine did not start). The processing unit can be configured to identify one or more indicators of the cause of an unsuccessful starting process. By considering the power information (especially the starter voltage) in combination with the speed information (especially the engine speed), a reliable and precise analysis of the condition of a starter, an internal combustion engine, and / or an electrical system with regard to a starting process can be obtained.

[0010] The processing unit can be configured to determine at least one characteristic map point in the starter's characteristic map based on power and speed information. This characteristic map can show a relationship between the starter's electrical power and the expected speed of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the characteristic map can show a relationship between the starter's torque or current and the speed of the internal combustion engine or the starter itself. The starter's characteristic map can be acquired beforehand through measurements and stored in a memory unit (e.g., a vehicle's memory unit). A starter's characteristic map typically depends on the internal combustion engine it drives.

[0011] The characteristic map can comprise multiple characteristic curves for multiple different starter voltages (i.e., for different starter voltage values). A characteristic curve can show the relationship between the torque generated by the starter or the current supplied to the starter and the engine speed caused or to be caused by the starter (typically for a correctly functioning starter). Based on the power information (especially the starter voltage value), a characteristic curve can be selected from the multiple curves. The engine speed information (especially the engine speed during the starting process) then yields a point on the selected characteristic curve. This point can correspond to the starting process point on the characteristic map.The diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter can then be carried out based on the position of the map point within the map. This enables a particularly efficient and precise diagnosis.

[0012] The starter's characteristic map can comprise or be subdivided into multiple different areas. These areas can each span different speed ranges and / or power ranges, or torque and / or current ranges, or starter voltage ranges. Performing diagnostics can include determining which area of ​​the characteristic map corresponds to the starting process point. The identified area can then provide information related to the starting process.

[0013] As explained above, the starter characteristic map can show the relationship between the torque or starter current on the one hand and the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine on the other. The characteristic map can be crossed by multiple characteristic curves for multiple different starter voltages. The regions can be bounded on the one hand by one or more transverse characteristic curves and on the other hand by one or more straight lines parallel to the torque / starter current axis for a constant rotational speed. The regions can therefore be at least partially trapezoidal. However, the characteristic curves can also have other shapes (e.g., convex curves), so that regions of arbitrary shape are possible.

[0014] Different starter voltage values ​​can be defined to determine the different operating ranges. A first starter voltage value can be set such that starter voltages below this value indicate insufficient electrical power for the starter during a starting process. Therefore, a successful start is typically not possible with a starting voltage below this first value.

[0015] A second starter voltage value can be configured such that starter voltages above this value indicate an overvoltage situation in the starter. A starter voltage above this second value can therefore damage and / or impair the starter.

[0016] Furthermore, a power interruption voltage value can be defined, where starter voltages below this value indicate a power interruption of the electrical power supply to the starter. A starter voltage below the power interruption voltage value can therefore indicate a problem with the starter's power supply. Typically, the first starter voltage is lower than the second starter voltage and higher than the power interruption voltage value.

[0017] Similarly, different speed thresholds can be defined. A minimum speed threshold can be defined such that speeds below this threshold indicate a power interruption of the starter. Furthermore, a first speed threshold can be set such that speeds below this threshold indicate a blockage of the starter. Additionally, a second speed threshold can be defined such that speeds above this threshold typically result in the combustion engine starting. This second speed threshold can represent a minimum speed required for a successful engine start.

[0018] The first speed threshold is typically higher than the minimum speed threshold and lower than the second speed threshold.

[0019] Different (non-overlapping) areas of the characteristic map can be defined by the characteristic curves of the different starter voltage values ​​and by the straight lines of the different speed threshold values.

[0020] The majority of ranges can, for example, include a first range for a starter voltage between the first and second starter voltage values, and a second range for an engine speed between the first and second speed thresholds. The first range can thus be bounded by the characteristic curve for the first starter voltage value and by the characteristic curve for the second starter voltage value. Furthermore, the first range can be bounded by the straight line representing the constant first speed threshold and by the straight line representing the constant second speed threshold. The first range can indicate that the starter was subjected to excessive counter-torque during the starting process or that the starter was unable to generate the required torque during the starting process.

[0021] Most ranges may include a second range for a starter voltage below the first starter voltage value and for a speed between the first and second speed thresholds. The second range may indicate that the starter voltage was insufficient for the starting process.

[0022] Most ranges may include a third range for a starter voltage above the power cutoff voltage value and for a speed below the first speed threshold. The third range may indicate that the starter was blocked during the starting process.

[0023] Most ranges may include a fourth range for a starter voltage below the first starter voltage value and for a speed above the second speed threshold. This fourth range may indicate that a future start is at risk due to insufficient electrical power supply to the starter.

[0024] Most ranges may include a fifth range for a starter voltage above the second starter voltage value. This fifth range may indicate that the starter voltage is too high and could impair and / or damage the starter.

[0025] Most ranges may include a sixth range for a starter voltage between the first and second starter voltage values, and for an engine speed above the second speed threshold. This sixth range can indicate that the starter, the internal combustion engine, and / or the electrical system supplying power to the starter are functioning correctly.

[0026] Most ranges may include a seventh range for a starter voltage below the power interruption voltage value and for a speed below the minimum speed threshold. The seventh range may indicate that a starter power interruption occurred during the starting process.

[0027] By defining different areas of the characteristic map, an efficient and precise diagnosis of a starting process can be carried out. This allows the cause of an unsuccessful starting process to be determined precisely.

[0028] The processing unit can thus be configured to determine, based on the power information, whether the starter voltage during the starting process was above or below the power interruption voltage value, and / or whether the starter voltage during the starting process was above or below the first starter voltage value, and / or whether the starter voltage during the starting process was above or below the second starter voltage value. Furthermore, the processing unit can be configured to determine, based on the speed information, whether the internal combustion engine speed during the starting process was above or below the minimum speed threshold, and / or whether the internal combustion engine speed during the starting process was above or below the first speed threshold, and / or whether the internal combustion engine speed during the starting process was above or below the second speed threshold.The diagnosis of a startup process can therefore be carried out efficiently through comparison operations.

[0029] Depending on the diagnosis, one or more measures can then be taken to increase the probability of a successful future start. In particular, diagnostic information can be output (e.g., to a vehicle's fault memory and / or via a vehicle's user interface). This output can indicate the range within which the map point of a start lies.

[0030] According to another aspect, a processing unit for monitoring an electrically driven starter, configured to power an internal combustion engine during a starting process, is described. The processing unit may have one or more features of another processing unit described in this document.

[0031] The processing unit is configured to determine power information regarding the electrical power supplied to the starter during a starting process of the internal combustion engine. This power information can indicate the amount of energy supplied to the starter during a starting process. Furthermore, the processing unit is configured to determine, based on a thermal model of the starter, cooling information regarding the thermal power dissipated by the starter between a starting process and a subsequent starting process. Based on the power information for a sequence of starting processes and the cooling information for that sequence, the processing unit can then determine energy information regarding the amount of energy accumulated in the starter at a specific point in time.In particular, it can be determined whether the starter has such a large amount of (thermal) energy at a given time that the starter could be damaged.

[0032] Depending on the energy information or the accumulated energy, the processing unit can then initiate a measure to protect the starter. Specifically, it can determine whether the accumulated energy at a given time is greater or less than a threshold value. If one or more different energy thresholds are reached or exceeded, one or more different measures can be initiated. For example, if a first energy threshold is reached or exceeded, a warning of an impending starter overload can be triggered. Furthermore, if a second (higher) energy threshold is reached or exceeded, a further start attempt can be prevented as a protective measure (e.g., until the accumulated energy falls below a certain threshold). This ensures the safe operation of the starter.

[0033] To determine the cumulative energy consumption, one can assume a (mean) positive energy input per unit of time when the starter is operating. Conversely, one can assume a (mean) negative energy output per unit of time when the starter is not operating. This allows the cumulative energy consumption in the starter at a specific point in time to be efficiently determined by measuring time. Specifically, the energy information can be directly derived from the time the starter was in operation and the time it was not in operation. This enables particularly efficient monitoring of the starter.

[0034] Another aspect describes a processing unit for monitoring an electrically driven starter designed to power an internal combustion engine during a starting process. This processing unit may have one or more features of the other processing units described in this document.

[0035] The processing unit is configured to determine a multitude of start durations and / or a multitude of idle durations for a multitude of successive start cycles of the internal combustion engine (e.g., for N=100, 1000, or more start cycles). The start duration can indicate the time spent on a single start cycle (until the internal combustion engine successfully starts or until the start cycle is aborted). Conversely, the idle duration can indicate the time between two consecutive (successful or unsuccessful) start cycles.

[0036] The processing unit can be further configured to perform a statistical analysis of the multitude of start durations and / or the multitude of idle durations. In particular, a statistical distribution of the start durations and / or the idle durations can be determined. Furthermore, an average start duration and / or an average idle duration can be determined.

[0037] Based on the statistical analysis, appropriate action can then be taken regarding the starter. For example, if the average start time is too high (exceeding a start time threshold), a message can be issued indicating that the starter, or the entire starting system consisting of the starter, combustion engine, and electrical system, should be serviced (to eliminate any malfunction and reduce the start time). Furthermore, if the average idle time is too short (below a idle time threshold), a message can be issued indicating that the starter should be replaced sooner (due to the exceptionally high stress on the starter).

[0038] According to another aspect, a road motor vehicle (in particular a passenger car or a truck or a bus or a motorcycle) is described that includes a processing unit described in this document.

[0039] According to another aspect, procedures are described that correspond to the processing units described in this document.

[0040] Another aspect described is a software (SW) program. The SW program can be configured to run on a processor (e.g., on a vehicle's control unit) and thereby execute one of the procedures described in this document.

[0041] Another aspect describes a storage medium. This storage medium can contain a software program configured to run on a processor and thereby execute one of the procedures described in this document.

[0042] It should be noted that the methods, devices, and systems described in this document can be used both alone and in combination with other methods, devices, and systems described in this document. Furthermore, any aspect of the methods, devices, and systems described in this document can be combined with one another in a variety of ways. In particular, the features of the claims can be combined with one another in a variety of ways.

[0043] The invention will now be described in more detail using exemplary embodiments. Fig. 1 an exemplary electrical system of a vehicle with a starter for an internal combustion engine; Fig. 2 exemplary key data of a starter; Fig. 3 an exemplary energy profile of a starter during a sequence of start attempts; Fig. 4a an exemplary statistical distribution of the start times of a starter; Fig. 4b an exemplary statistical distribution of the resting times of a starter between directly successive start attempts; and Fig. 5. A flowchart of an exemplary procedure for testing a starter.

[0044] As stated at the outset, this document deals with the reliable and efficient acquisition of status information regarding a vehicle's starting system. In this context, it shows Fig. 1. A block diagram of an exemplary low-voltage (LV) electrical system. 100 The vehicle electrical system 100 typically has a nominal voltage of 12V - 14V on, and is therefore often also called 12V or 14V The term "on-board electrical system" is used. Alternatively, the on-board electrical system can be... 100 e.g. an on-board voltage of 48V exhibit.

[0045] The vehicle electrical system 100 includes one or more electrical consumers 108 (e.g. an infotainment system, an air conditioning system, etc.) that are powered by electrical energy from the vehicle's electrical system 100 be supplied. The vehicle electrical system 100 One or more energy storage devices can be used to store electrical energy. 106 , 107 include. In the example shown, the vehicle electrical system includes 100 a lead-acid battery 106 , which can be used to support the vehicle's electrical system voltage and provide electrical power for a starter 105 an internal combustion engine 103 to provide the vehicle. As already explained at the beginning, the starter can 105 to be operated in order to power the internal combustion engine 103 to be mechanically driven during a starting process (the mechanical connection used for this purpose to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine) 103 is in Fig. (1 not shown). Furthermore, the vehicle electrical system includes 100 in the example shown, a recuperation energy storage system 107 (e.g. a lithium-ion battery) that is designed to cyclically absorb and release substantial amounts of electrical energy.

[0046] The vehicle electrical system 100 It also includes a generator. 104 , which is powered by the internal combustion engine 103 is driven to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy, with the electrical energy being used to operate one or more consumers 108 can be used and / or in energy storage systems 106 , 107 can be stored. During deceleration phases (e.g., when driving downhill), in which the generator 104 indirectly via the internal combustion engine 103 or is driven directly by the wheels of the vehicle, can be powered by the generator 104Electrical energy is recuperated to reduce the vehicle's energy consumption.

[0047] The vehicle electrical system 100 also includes a control unit 101 (also referred to in this document as the processing unit), which is set up to process one or more of the components of the vehicle electrical system 100 to control. In particular, the control unit can 101 be set up in response to a start signal 113 (which is generated, for example, by an ignition) the starter 105 to control the combustion engine 103 to drive during a starting process. During a starting process, the starter voltage can be measured by one or more suitable measuring units. 112 at the starter 105 , the starter current 111 into the starter 105 and / or the starter motor speed 105 be recorded (e.g. as a time course over the duration of the start process).

[0048] In case of starter failure 105 an internal combustion engine 103 In the case of an unsuccessful startup attempt, the cause of the error often cannot be identified. The starter is frequently not the culprit. 105 the actual cause of the combustion engine not starting 103 An unsuccessful start attempt can lead to a starter 105 It is replaced without authorization, yet the actual cause of the unsuccessful start attempt remains unresolved. Furthermore, a starter can 105Repeated unsuccessful start attempts or starting processes can overload and damage the starter. Overloading the starter can be detected and potentially prevented, for example, by monitoring its temperature with a dedicated temperature sensor. However, this involves increased effort. The measures described in this document may eliminate the need for a temperature sensor to monitor the starter temperature.

[0049] Fig. 2 shows exemplary key data 200 of a starter 105 In particular, it shows Fig. 2 exemplary relationships 230 between the torque M or the current I 111 of a starter 105 and the rotational speed n 210 of the starter 105 for different voltages 112 at the starter 105 Each of the lines sloping downwards to the right (especially straight lines) represents the torque / current - speed relationship.230 for a specific starter voltage 112 (i.e., for a specific vehicle electrical system voltage). As shown in the diagram. Fig. As can be seen from section 2, the torque or current decreases. 111 with increasing rotational speed 210 off. The connections 230 These are described in this document as characteristic curves for different starter voltages. 112 designated.

[0050] The voltage can increase at the beginning of a startup process. 112 at the starter 105 be recorded. From the voltage value 112 This results in a torque / current - speed characteristic curve. 230 Furthermore, the rotational speed can be adjusted. 210 The points that could be reached during the start-up process can be determined. Thus, a characteristic map point can be defined for a start-up process in which... Fig. 2 characteristic curve shown 200 can be determined from the position of the characteristic map point within the characteristic map. 200Information regarding the cause of a possible failed start can be obtained.

[0051] In the Fig. 2 characteristic curve shown 200 are different areas 241 until 247 defined: • A first area 241 lies between the torque / current - speed characteristic curve 230 for an initial starter voltage value 221 and the characteristic curve 230 for a second starter voltage value 222 Furthermore, the first area is located there. 241 between a first speed threshold 211 and a second speed threshold 212 The second speed threshold can be used in this context. 212 correspond to the speed at which a combustion engine typically starts. 103 This has been done. • A second area 242 lies below the torque / current - speed characteristic curve 230for the first starter voltage value 221 Furthermore, the second area is located 242 between the first speed threshold 211 and the second speed threshold 212 . • A third area 253 is at rotational speeds 210 below the first speed threshold 211 . • A fourth area 244 lies below the torque / current - speed characteristic curve 230 for the first starter voltage value 221 Furthermore, the second area is located 242 at speeds above the second speed threshold 212 . • A fifth area 245 is due to tensions 112 above the second starter voltage value 222 . • A sixth area 246 lies between the torque / current - speed characteristic curves 230 for the first starter voltage value 221and for the second starter voltage value 222 . • A seventh area 247 is at a starter voltage 112 near zero and at a rotational speed 210 close to zero.

[0052] Depending on the area in which the characteristic map point determined during a start-up process lies, different information regarding the start-up process can be determined: • First area 241 The starter voltage 112 was sufficient for a starting process and yet the required rotational speed could not be reached 210 The required speed for a successful start cannot be reached. This may be due to the starter... 105 was exposed to too great a counter-momentum or that the starter 105 due to a defect it was unable to build up the required torque. • Second area 242 The starter voltage 112The voltage was not high enough for a successful start. Therefore, there is a defect or insufficient power supply to the vehicle's electrical system. 100 before. • Third area 243 The rotational speed 210 was below the first speed threshold 211 (e.g. at 20% or less of the second speed threshold) 212 (may be located) and was therefore particularly low, although the starter voltage may be higher. 112 was sufficiently high. The starter 105 was therefore blocked (e.g. by a blockage of the combustion engine). 103 or the starter 105 himself). • Fourth area 244 The rotational speed 210 was high enough for a successful start, but the starter voltage 112 was relatively low. The ability to launch in a future launch is therefore at risk. • Fifth area 245 The starting voltage 112was above the second voltage value 222 and thus an overvoltage situation existed, which caused the starter 105 can be affected. • Sixth area 246 The startup process was successful without any particular issues. • Seventh area 247 The starter voltage 112 was so small that there was no interruption in the power supply to the starter. 105 It can be assumed.

[0053] By analyzing the position of a characteristic map point for a start process in a characteristic map 200 of the starter 105 This allows for efficient and precise obtaining of state information about the state of the starting system, i.e., the starter. 105 , of the vehicle electrical system 100 and / or the internal combustion engine 103 , will be determined.

[0054] This provides a way to prevent overloading a starter without the need for additional measuring technology and sensors. 105 to prevent and / or to determine the causes of a starter failure 105 based on a characteristic map 200 to analyze. A protective function can thus be provided to prevent overloading a starter. 105 to prevent this. Furthermore, an efficient and reliable procedure is provided to analyze the cause of an unsuccessful startup process.

[0055] Detailed analyses of the starter failures show that the starter 105 It can be damaged or destroyed as a result of starting problems. Therefore, starting problems can lead to a starter failure. 105 One reason for this is that a user is using the starter. 105 by operating the starter for too long 105 (also known as "organs") overloaded.

[0056] A lack of diagnostics during a starting process typically results in the cause of starting problems usually being the starter motor. 105 The cause of the error may be seen even though other causes are possible. The measures described in this document enable the precise identification of the causes of the error.

[0057] This allows a component protection layer to be provided in the software of a vehicle's digital engine electronics to prevent damage to or destruction of the starter. 105 to prevent this. Furthermore, diagnostics during a startup process can facilitate troubleshooting and prevent the unjustified replacement of a starter. 105 Statistical functions can improve the analysis of engine starts during vehicle operation, e.g., regarding the number of starts, the timing of starts, and / or unreported starting problems, etc.

[0058] A map can be used to diagnose starting processes. 200 of the starter 105 are divided into different areas, with a second (maximum permissible) starter voltage value 222 (to avoid an overvoltage situation), a first (minimum permissible) starting voltage value 221 (to enable starting capability), a first speed threshold 211 (also known as the blockage speed threshold, for detecting a blockage situation), and a second speed threshold 212 (which is a lower limit for starting capability with regard to the minimum required rotational speed) 210 for a necessary starting process of the internal combustion engine 103 can be defined (represents).

[0059] The start-up of the internal combustion engine 103 During a start-up process, the characteristic curve diagram can therefore be viewed 200 the DC motor of the starter 105be transmitted. During a start-up process, the rotational speed increases. 210 of the internal combustion engine 103 from 0 rpm (rounds per minute) to beyond the required starting capability limit 212 If starting problems occur, the location of a characteristic curve point of the starting process in the characteristic curve diagram can be used to determine the cause. 200 The potential problem can be identified. Depending on the diagnosis, one or more targeted measures for emergency running functions can be offered or implemented.

[0060] If the map point is in the first area 241 of the characteristic curve diagram 200 The starting capability limit was reached. 212 cannot be reached, even though the on-board voltage 112 was sufficiently high. This means that either there was too high a counter-torque and / or that the starter 105 This counter-moment could not be built up.

[0061] If the map point is in the second area 242 of the characteristic curve diagram 200 The starting capability limit could not be reached because the on-board voltage was too low. 112 was not high enough and therefore the required rotational speed was also not sufficient 210 could not be reached.

[0062] If the map point is in the third area 243 of the characteristic curve diagram 200 If the starter is blocked, a start attempt is not possible. 105 before.

[0063] If the map point is in the fourth area 244 of the characteristic curve diagram 200 The starting capability of the combustion engine is the key factor. 103 endangered, as the starter's power supply 105 is insufficient. If the map point is in the fifth area 245 of the characteristic curve diagram 200 If the characteristic curve point is in the seventh range, a start attempt under overvoltage was detected. 247of the characteristic curve diagram 200 There was a power interruption during the start attempt (since there was no voltage). 112 and no rotation 210 were present) or there were problems with the starter control. 105 .

[0064] A sixth area 246 describes a successful starting process, whereby, in a sub-area above the torque-speed characteristic curve 230 Designated IV, this tends to indicate an excessively high current. 111 into the starter 105 The torque flow indicates a tendency towards excessive counter-torque. On the other hand, in the sub-range below the torque-speed characteristic curve, the torque may be excessive. 230 The designation IV indicates a flawless start process.

[0065] Other possible diagnoses, which may be based on the location of the map point, are: the presence of a start attempt while the vehicle's ownership is protected; the presence of a start attempt due to low pressure in the fuel system; and / or the presence of a start attempt due to a fault in the combustion system of the internal combustion engine. 103 Based on the characteristic curve diagram 200 of the starter 105 This allows for a targeted diagnosis of where the error lay in a failed start procedure. In particular, the position of the starting point in the characteristic curve diagram can be used to determine the cause. 200 It must be determined which scenario prevails for a successful or failed startup process.

[0066] The diagnosis of a starting process can be divided into different time periods. After initiating the starting process, a specific time window can be waited before a map point of the starting process is determined (e.g., 100 ms or more). This allows unreliable measurements at the beginning of a starting process to be filtered out, thus increasing the robustness of the diagnosis. The map point can then be determined precisely, where the map point corresponds, for example, to the maximum engine speed reached during the starting process. Furthermore, the map point can be located on the torque / speed characteristic curve. 230 for the starter voltage 112 at the beginning of the startup process (possibly after the above time window has expired).

[0067] The starter diagnostics described in this document do not alter the actual starter cascade. In particular, no additional time is required that a starter would otherwise need to run. 105It must withstand starting problems. Therefore, the technological limitations of a starter can be reached. 105 fully utilized to ensure maximum availability of the launch system. The technological limit of the launcher 105 This lies in the maximum possible energy absorption of the starter. 105 , before the starter 105 overheated (and then typically a total failure of the starter). 105 (is).

[0068] As a protective function for a starter 105 Can an energy meter be provided that measures the energy input into the starter? 105 continuously monitored and, if a limit value of the energy input is exceeded, the starter is activated. 105 temporarily locks and / or overloads the starter 105 registered with an error memory entry.

[0069] Fig. Figure 3 shows an example of a time course. 310the (thermal) energy 300 of a starter 105 (i.e., the cumulative amount of energy or energy input of a starter) 105 For each starting process, the (electrical) energy supplied to the starter can be determined. 105 is supplied. This results from the starter voltage. 112 and the starter current 111 The energy supplied during a starting process can, if necessary, be based on the starter voltage. 112 and the characteristic curve 230 of the starter 105 for this starter voltage 112 can be determined. This allows for a measurement of the starter current. 111 This can be omitted. Furthermore, the duration of the start process is typically taken into account. A start process leads to an increasing portion. 311 of the temporal course 310 the (cumulative) energy 300 of the starter 105 .

[0070] On the other hand, the starter cools down after a start-up process. 105 , whereby the time course of the cooling depends on the thermal properties of the starter. 105 depend on it. The cooling of the starter. 105 can be achieved through a (pre-determined) thermal model of the starter 105 This can be described. Thus, a descending part results between two starting processes. 312 of the temporal course 310 the (cumulative) energy 300 of the starter 105 , whereby the starter 105 The amount of energy extracted depends on the time between two directly consecutive start processes.

[0071] The timeline 310 which is in a starter 105 stored (thermal) energy 300 This can therefore be based on the starter voltage. 112 and a thermal model of the starter 105for a sequence of (possibly unsuccessful) start attempts. It can then be determined at a specific point in time whether the (thermal) energy 300 of the starter 105 an energy threshold 301 , 302 reached or exceeded. Upon reaching an initial energy threshold. 301 For example, a warning message can be sent to a user of the launcher. 105 will be displayed, with the warning indicating that the starter is overloaded. 105 threatens. Furthermore, upon reaching a second energy threshold, 302 a lockout of the starter 105 This action is taken so that no further start process can be initiated. The blocking can, for example, be for a specific blocking period. Alternatively or additionally, the blocking can be in place until the energy is depleted. 300 of the starter 105 below a certain energy threshold (e.g. the first energy threshold) 301) has fallen. It can therefore provide a reliable protection function for a starter. 105 be provided.

[0072] The Fig. 4a and Fig. Section 4b shows exemplary statistical evaluations of start-up processes. Fig. Figure 4a shows a statistical distribution 402 the start times 400 of different starting processes. The probability is then calculated. 401 of different start times 400 displayed. In Fig. 4a is a continuous probability distribution 402 This is typically shown for different discrete ranges of start time durations. 400 the respective frequencies 401 determined from the distribution 402 The average start time duration can also be used. 403 from start processes.

[0073] The distribution 402 out of Fig. 4a can be determined using a moving window (e.g., based on the last N start processes, with N=1000). 100 or less). By observing a sliding window, a temporal development of the start times can be observed. 400 can be determined. In particular, the temporal development of the mean start time duration can be determined. 403 to be determined.

[0074] The average start time 403 can be compared to a time-duration threshold (700ms). If the average start time duration 403 If the time-duration threshold is reached or exceeded, a measure can be initiated to ensure the launch capability. For example, a notification can be sent to a user of the launcher. 105 A message will be displayed indicating that the boot system should be checked.

[0075] Fig. Figure 4b shows the (discrete) distribution 412 the rest period410 between two directly consecutive start processes. The distribution 412 This can be determined using a sliding window of the last N start processes. Furthermore, it can be determined based on the distribution. 412 a medium rest period 413 The distribution is determined between two directly consecutive start processes. 412 can be used to check if the starter 105 according to a guide for the starter 105 intended dimensioning with regard to a maximum number of start cycles per unit of time (e.g. per minute) and / or with regard to a maximum total number of start cycles over the lifetime of the starter 105 is used. This allows the probability of a starter failure to be determined. 105 relatively high or relatively low (depending on whether the average resting time 413relatively low or relatively high). Furthermore, based on the average resting time 413 to determine whether the probability of overloading the starter is high 105 relatively high or relatively low (depending on whether the average resting time 413 relatively low or relatively high).

[0076] Thus, a statistics function for a starter can be used. 105 The statistics function is provided. One of its aims is to assess the quality of starts based on the start time. 400 to evaluate the starts. Furthermore, the load on the starter can be assessed. 105 determined during the time between starts (e.g. based on the rest period) 410 between starts). From the quality of the start processes (via the distribution) 402 ) and the load on the starter 105 (about the distribution 412 ) can, for example, be optimized in the design of a starter 105and / or measures to reduce failures will be derived.

[0077] Using the described statistical functions, it is possible, for example in combination with the registration date of a vehicle and / or the mileage of the vehicle, to check how the start time duration changes. 400 developed over time during vehicle operation. Alternatively or additionally, the typical load on the starter can be determined, for example, in combination with the vehicle's registration date, mileage, and / or country code. 105 of the vehicle (e.g. based on the rest period) 410 between successive start processes).

[0078] The measures described in this document are particularly intended for the detection of problems with starters. 105 Designed for use with brushed DC motors, but can also be used with other types of starters. 105 be applied.

[0079] Fig. Figure 5 shows a flowchart of an example procedure. 500 for diagnosing a starting process and / or an electrically operated starter 105 The starter 105 is set up to have an internal combustion engine 103 to drive during a starting process. In particular, the starter can be used to drive the starter during a starting process. 105 This causes the rotational speed to increase. 210 the internal combustion engine 103 up to a second speed threshold 212 is brought, whereby the internal combustion engine 103 typically at rotational speeds 210 above the second speed threshold 212 is started, and then without support from the starter 105 can be operated solely due to the fuel combustion process.

[0080] The procedure 500 includes determining 501 of performance information relating to electrical power supplied to the starter 105during the starting process of the internal combustion engine 103 is supplied. The performance information can, in particular, be the starter voltage. 112 displaying the information required for the startup process at the starter 105 is pending. Furthermore, the procedure includes 500 the investigation 502 of speed information in relation to a speed 210 of the internal combustion engine 103 during the starting process. For example, the speed information can show the maximum speed reached. 210 Display during the startup process.

[0081] Furthermore, the procedure includes 500 the execution 503 a diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter 105Based on the power output information and the speed information, in particular, information regarding the cause of an unsuccessful or faulty starting process can be determined based on the power output information and the speed information.

[0082] The measures described in this document enable the provision of a protection function for a starter. 105 , to prevent overloading the starter 105 to prevent this. Furthermore, a precise analysis of the causes of an unsuccessful starting attempt can better detect defective vehicle components. In particular, a precise analysis allows for a targeted diagnosis of exactly where the fault lay during a starting attempt.

[0083] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. In particular, it should be noted that the description and the figures are intended only to illustrate the principle of the proposed methods, devices, and systems.

Claims

[1] Processing unit (101) for monitoring an electrically operated starter (105) configured to drive an internal combustion engine (103) during a starting process; wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - To determine performance information relating to electrical power supplied to the starter (105) during a starting process of the internal combustion engine (103); - To determine speed information relating to a speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) during the starting process; and - to perform a diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter (105) based on the performance information and the speed information. [2] Processing unit (101) according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - to determine at least one map point in a map (200) of the starter (105) based on the power information and on the speed information; wherein the map (200) shows a relationship between the electrical power of the starter (105) and the expected speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103); and - to perform the diagnosis of the starting process and / or the starter (105) based on the position of the map point within the map (200). [3] Processing unit (101) according to claim 2, wherein - the characteristic map (200) comprises a plurality of different areas (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257); - the different areas (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257) each extend over different speed ranges and / or power ranges; and - Performing the diagnosis includes determining in which range (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257) the map point of the starting process falls. [4] Processing unit (101) according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of areas comprises (241, 242, 423, 244, 245, 246, 257), - a first range (241) for a starter voltage (112) between a first starter voltage value (221) and a second starter voltage value (222) and for a speed (210) between a first speed threshold value (211) and a second speed threshold value (212); and / or a first range (241) indicating that the starter (105) was subjected to excessive counter-torque during the starting process or that the starter (105) was unable to provide the required torque during the starting process; and / or - a second range (242) for a starter voltage (112) below the first starter voltage value (221) and for a speed (210) between a first speed threshold (211) and a second speed threshold (212); and / or a second range (242) indicating that the starter voltage (112) was insufficient for the starting process; and / or - a third range (243) for a starter voltage (112) above a power interruption voltage value and for a speed (210) below the first speed threshold (211); and / or a third range (243) indicating that the starter (105) was blocked during the starting process; and / or - a fourth range (244) for a starter voltage (112) below the first starter voltage value (221) and for a speed (210) above the second speed threshold value (212); and / or a fourth range (244) indicating that a future starting operation is at risk due to an insufficient electrical power supply; and / or - a fifth range (245) for a starter voltage (112) above the second starter voltage value (222); and / or a fifth range (245) indicating that the starter voltage (112) is too high and could impair the starter (105); and / or - a sixth range (246) for a starter voltage (112) between the first starter voltage value (221) and the second starter voltage value (222) and for a speed (210) above the second speed threshold (212); and / or a sixth range (246) indicating that the starter (105), the internal combustion engine (103) and / or an on-board electrical system (100) for supplying electrical power to the starter (105) are functioning correctly; and / or - a seventh range (247) for a starter voltage (112) below the power interruption voltage value and for a speed (210) below a minimum speed threshold; and / or a seventh range (247) indicating that a power interruption of the starter (105) occurred during the starting process. [5] Processing unit (101) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein - the characteristic map (200) comprises a plurality of characteristic curves (230) for a plurality of different starter voltages (112); and - a characteristic curve (230) shows a relationship between a torque generated by the starter (105) or a current supplied to the starter (105) and a speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) to be caused by the starter (105). [6] Processing unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - to determine, based on the power information, whether a starter voltage (112) during the starting process was above or below a power interruption voltage value; wherein the power interruption voltage value is such that starter voltages (112) below the power interruption voltage value indicate a power interruption of the electrical power to the starter (105); and / or - to determine, based on the power information, whether the starter voltage (112) during the starting process was above or below a first starter voltage value (221); wherein the first starter voltage value (221) is such that starter voltages (112) below the first starter voltage value (221) indicate insufficient electrical power for the starter (105) during a starting process; and / or - to determine, based on the performance information, whether the starter voltage (112) during the starting process was above or below a second starter voltage value (222); wherein the second starter voltage value (222) is such that starter voltages (112) above the second starter voltage value (222) are an indication of an overvoltage situation of the starter (105). [7] Processing unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - to determine, based on the rotational speed information, whether the rotational speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) during the starting process was above or below a minimum rotational speed threshold; wherein the minimum rotational speed threshold is such that rotational speeds (210) below the minimum rotational speed threshold indicate an interruption of the starter's (105) power supply; and / or - to determine, based on the rotational speed information, whether the rotational speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) during the starting process was above or below a first rotational speed threshold (211); wherein the first rotational speed threshold (211) is such that rotational speeds (210) below the first rotational speed threshold (211) indicate a blockage of the starter (105); and / or - to determine, based on the speed information, whether the speed (210) of the internal combustion engine (103) was above or below a second speed threshold (212) during the starting process; wherein the second speed threshold (212) is such that speeds (210) above the second speed threshold (212) typically lead to a start of the internal combustion engine (103). [8] Processing unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the power information indicates a starter voltage (112) during the start-up process, especially at the beginning of the start-up process; and / or - the speed information indicates a speed (210), in particular a maximum speed, of the internal combustion engine during the starting process. [9] Processing unit (101) for monitoring an electrically operated starter (105) configured to drive an internal combustion engine (103) during a starting process; wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - To determine performance information relating to electrical power supplied to the starter (105) during a starting process of the internal combustion engine (103); - to determine cooling information regarding thermal power dissipated by the starter (105) between the start process and a subsequent start process, based on a thermal model of the starter (105); - to determine energy information relating to an amount of energy (300) accumulated in the starter (105) at a specific time, based on the power information and the cooling information for a sequence of start processes; and - depending on the energy information, to initiate a measure to protect the starter (105). [10] Processing unit (101) for monitoring an electrically operated starter (105) which is configured to drive an internal combustion engine (103) during a starting process; wherein the processing unit (101) is configured, - to determine a plurality of start durations (400) and / or a plurality of rest durations (410) for a plurality of successive start operations of the internal combustion engine (103); wherein a start duration (400) indicates the duration of a start operation; and wherein the rest duration (410) indicates the duration between two directly successive start operations; - to perform a statistical analysis of the multitude of start durations (400) and / or the multitude of rest durations (410); and - to initiate a measure regarding the starter (105) based on the statistical analysis.

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