Device for arranging an elevator system and method for aligning the device

Abstract

Device (1) for arranging a lift system on a wall, comprising a lift mechanism (2) arranged on a frame element (3), fastening means (7) and support elements (8), wherein: - the frame element (3) comprises an imprint frame (3a) and a support frame (3b), wherein the imprint frame (3a) is supported on the wall (5) in a horizontal direction (x) via a carriage (4) and is movable in a vertical direction (y), and the lift mechanism (2) is connected to the imprint frame (3a) via the support frame (3b) and is movable in the horizontal direction (x) by actuating the frame element (3); - the fastening means (7) are each connected to the frame element (3) via a support element (8); and - the lift mechanism (2) is moved by actuating the support elements (8) designed as winches (8a, 8b) which are designed as suspension cables (7a, 8b).7b) the fastening means (7) are designed to be movable in a vertical direction (y), wherein a system (10) for adaptive load distribution is designed, wherein at least one winch (8b) is arranged as an auxiliary winch on the imprint frame (3a) of the frame element (3) and at least one winch (8a) is arranged as a main winch displaceably in the horizontal direction (x) relative to the support frame (3b) of the frame element (3) such that, when a center of gravity (13) of the device (1) is displaced, a constant force distribution between a main support cable (7a) connected to the at least one main winch and an auxiliary support cable (7b) connected to the at least one auxiliary winch can be set.

Description

The invention relates to a device for mounting a lift system on a wall, in particular a device for traversing a rotor blade of a wind turbine. The device comprises a lift mechanism, fastening elements, and support elements arranged on a frame element. The frame element is supported horizontally against the wall by a carriage. The fastening elements are each connected to the frame element via a support element. The lift mechanism can be moved vertically by actuating the support elements, which are designed as winches, for the fastening elements, which are designed as support cables. The invention also relates to a method for aligning the device for arranging an elevator system on a wall. Known from the prior art, free-hanging elevator systems, such as access systems for wind turbine rotor blades, feature a frame element consisting of a support frame with an integrated support frame for bracing the support frame and elevator system against a facade or tower. The support frame serves to adjust the distance between the elevator system, for example, as a work area on the rotor blade, and the facade or tower of the wind turbine. Walkable platforms, such as those enclosing the rotor blade, or maintenance chambers can be mounted on the support frame. To enable work on the rotor blade from the access system, the access system, and in particular the maintenance chamber, must be moved to the required distance between the work area on the rotor blade and a wall of the wind turbine tower, relative to the rotor blade.Using the access systems, various services, especially inspections, maintenance or repairs of rotor blades of wind turbines, can be carried out effectively and safely. Conventional imprint frames consist of longitudinal beams attached to the body of the elevator system. These longitudinal beams, usually parallel to each other, extend from the tower or facade at a specific angle. At the tower-side end of the longitudinal beams, they are connected by a crossbeam positioned essentially perpendicular to them and equipped with a carriage. This carriage not only supports the imprint frame or elevator system but also allows the elevator system to move along the tower or facade. Each longitudinal beam is formed from one or more profiles arranged in a row along its length and connected to one another. Furthermore, free-hanging lift systems are known from the prior art in which the longitudinal beams of the imprint frame or the support frame are made of telescopic profiles. For example, DE 10 2010 060 639 A1 discloses a work platform system for the complete access of wind turbine rotor blades. The work platform has a support structure and an adjustment mechanism. The support structure is suspended from a crane cable of a lifting crane and is movable vertically along the rotor blade. The work platform is supported by the adjustment mechanism on the wind turbine tower and its position at a horizontal distance from the tower can be adjusted by means of a guide boom. The adjustment mechanism, designed as a telescope with a hydraulic drive, allows the work platform to be positioned horizontally. Furthermore, devices or systems known from the prior art for accessing a rotor blade of wind turbines are pulled vertically upwards towards a free end of the wind turbine using steel cables and cable winches, or lowered from the free end to allow work on the entire rotor blade from the access system. The devices are suspended from at least two, and predominantly three, support cables, with each support cable additionally assigned a safety cable. The lifting mechanism of the device is moved vertically by engaging the rope-driven winches and the supporting ropes. The rope-driven winches are rigidly connected to the frame. During normal operation of the access system, the safety ropes are guided without force through locking elements, also known as safety catches, which are likewise rigidly connected to the frame and, in the event of a rope break, take over the load otherwise borne by the supporting rope. Access platforms suspended by two cables, where the cables are usually attached to the platform's frame, tend to sway as soon as the platform's center of gravity changes due to the movement of movable masses, such as people or elements attached to the platform. Access platforms with a two-point suspension and a large support frame to bridge a significant horizontal distance between the rotor blade and the tower, and the resulting large shifts in the platform's center of gravity, tend to tip over in a vertical plane. Consequently, access platforms with a two-point suspension are unsuitable for accessing particularly large wind turbines. Lifting systems suspended by three cables are more stable than those with two cables. Either all three cables can be attached to the support frame, or only two cables can be attached to the support frame of the lift mechanism and a third cable to the launching frame, particularly at the tower-side end of the launching frame. The horizontal movement and adjustment of the device, particularly the lifting mechanism relative to the tower, by means of the imprint frame, significantly alters the horizontal center of gravity of the entire device. Especially large shifts in the center of gravity occur in access systems that can bridge a large horizontal distance between the rotor blade and the tower. As the dimensions of wind turbines to be accessed are constantly increasing, ever greater distances between the rotor blade and the tower will need to be bridged by the access system in the future. Even with a three-cable access system, also known as a three-point suspension system, when accessing installations with a large horizontal distance to be bridged between the rotor blade and the tower, as well as when moving movable masses, a significant change or shift in the center of gravity of the device can occur, along with a distribution of mass among the support cables, resulting in significant load peaks on individual support cables. The support cables, their connections to the frame element, the winches assigned to each support cable, as well as the safety cables and the locking elements assigned to the safety cables, must each be designed for the most unfavorable center of gravity position and the associated uneven distribution of cable forces. Access systems with a 3-point suspension, where all three suspension cables are attached to the support frame of the lift mechanism and thus at close intervals, tend to exhibit a significant uneven distribution of cable forces due to horizontal shifts in the center of gravity, which occur particularly during the extension and retraction of the support frame. Access systems with a 3-point suspension, where two suspension cables are attached to the support frame of the lift mechanism and thus near the center of gravity, and one suspension cable is attached to the preferably tower-side end of the support frame, must be designed with an extremely stable support frame. For example, extending the support frame shifts the overall center of gravity of the access system horizontally towards the wind turbine tower, thereby increasing the load acting on the tower-side suspension with the suspension cable and the connection of the suspension cable to the support frame.The increasing load leads to greater bending stress on the support frame. Therefore, this design of access system, especially with a large support frame to bridge a large horizontal distance between the rotor blade and the tower, as required in modern and future wind turbines, is unsuitable. US Patent 8,490,749 B2 discloses a device for accessing the rotor blades of wind turbines. The device comprises a frame structure with guide and support elements that are movable along the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade. Parts of the frame structure form a rail or guide track along which a movable object can be guided. The device is securely supported by front and rear guide and support arrangements—preferably in the form of rollers or wheels adapted to the contour and stiffness of the rotor blade. The winch, designed as the main winch, is fixed to the frame element, so that it does not allow any horizontal displacement to adapt to a changing center of gravity. The invention DE 10 2016 121 273 A1 describes a rotor blade access system with a two-point suspension and an enclosed maintenance chamber, suspended from a support frame. This frame is laterally telescopic and extendable, allowing the system to adapt flexibly to different rotor blade sizes and contours. Lateral, balcony-like elements can be pulled out of the maintenance chamber to enlarge the working space for technicians and retracted again as needed. Additionally, a baffle system is provided that reduces the gaps between the platform and the rotor blade and can also be adjusted to the blade's path. The horizontal displacement of the cable winches and the adjustable feed roller are particularly advantageous. These allow for compensation of inclinations, rotation of the maintenance chamber, and closer access to the blade root.It is known that elevator systems suspended on two support cables, in which the support cables are attached to the support frame of the elevator device, tend to sway as soon as the center of gravity of the device changes due to the displacement of movable masses. KR 10 1 422 498 B1 discloses a maintenance platform with a central support frame and two telescopically extendable lateral outriggers. Lifting devices or winches for raising and stabilizing the platform are provided at the free ends of these outriggers. Both the auxiliary winch and the main winch are fixed at predetermined points on the frame. The main winch is immovably fixed to the free end of the outer rail element. The document thus does not disclose an arrangement in which a main winch could be moved horizontally relative to the support frame. Rather, all mounting elements and winches in D3 are fixed to the frame element and are not movable, so that adaptive load distribution by moving a main winch is not possible. The object of the invention is to provide and improve a device for arranging a lift system, in particular a device for traversing a rotor blade of a wind turbine. The device should enable optimal load distribution with minimal loads on the support cables, especially on a support cable attached to the launching frame, in order to specifically avoid the effect of a heavy load on the launching frame. It should be possible to design devices with a large launching frame, particularly for use on wind turbines with a very large horizontal distance between the rotor blade and the tower. Furthermore, the device should be designed to compensate for changes in the center of gravity, even by shifting movable masses, in order to prevent swaying or even tipping of the device when the center of gravity changes.The device should be simple in design and operation, as well as inexpensive to manufacture and use. Furthermore, the device should have a minimal weight. The problem is solved by the subject matter and the method with the features of the independent patent claims. Further developments are specified in the dependent patent claims. The problem is solved by a device according to the invention for arranging a lift system on a wall, in particular a device for traversing a rotor blade of a wind turbine. The device comprises a lift mechanism, fastening elements, and support elements arranged on a frame element. The frame element is supported on the wall in a first horizontal direction via a carriage. The fastening elements are each connected to the frame element via a support element. The lift mechanism is movable in a vertical direction by actuating the support elements, which are designed as winches, for the fastening elements, which are designed as support cables. The device according to the invention features a system for adaptive load distribution. At least one winch is fixedly attached to the frame element as an auxiliary winch, while at least one further winch is arranged on the frame element as a main winch and is displaceable in the first horizontal direction relative to the frame element. With the arrangement of the winches according to the invention, a constant force distribution between a main support cable connected to the at least one main winch and an auxiliary support cable connected to the at least one auxiliary winch can be set, particularly when the position of a center of gravity of the device changes or shifts. The first horizontal direction corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the device, in particular the frame element and the lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism, for example, refers to a maintenance chamber of the operating unit of a rotor blade of a wind turbine. Furthermore, the device can be inclined relative to the first horizontal direction. Varying the inclination of the device, and thus of the lifting mechanism or the maintenance chamber, relative to the first horizontal direction primarily serves to set, and especially to maintain, a horizontal position. According to the invention, the frame element comprises an imprinting frame and a support frame. The imprinting frame is, according to the invention, supported on the wall in the first horizontal direction via the chassis and is designed to be movable in a vertical direction. The lifting mechanism is connected to the imprinting frame via the support frame and is designed to be movable in the first horizontal direction by actuating the frame element. According to the invention, at least one cable winch is attached to the imprint frame as an auxiliary winch and at least one cable winch is arranged on the support frame as a main winch in the first horizontal direction slidable relative to the support frame. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the impression frame is formed from a crossbeam oriented in a second horizontal direction and two longitudinal beams spaced apart from each other by the crossbeam and aligned in the first horizontal direction. The support frame with the lifting mechanism is slidably mounted along the longitudinal beams in the first horizontal direction, which is orthogonal to the second horizontal direction. The at least one auxiliary winch is preferably attached to the crossbeam of the impression frame. The impression frame is preferably guided within the support frame, with at least two bearings for relative movement of the support frame to the impression frame in a horizontal direction being provided between the support frame and each longitudinal beam. Furthermore, drive units for moving the support frame relative to the impression frame are advantageously arranged on both sides of the support frame in the area of ​​the longitudinal beams of the impression frame. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in providing a sensor in the area where the auxiliary winch is attached to the imprint frame for determining a force acting on the auxiliary winch and the support cable. The sensor is preferably designed as a force sensor, in particular as a force measuring bolt. According to a further development of the invention, at least two main winches are provided, which are spaced apart from each other in the second horizontal direction. Each main winch is attached to the support frame in the area of ​​a longitudinal beam. This results in a system for adaptive load distribution with a three-point suspension, in particular a device for driving over a rotor blade of a wind turbine with a three-point suspension, in which two support cables are arranged on the support frame and one support cable is arranged at the end of the imprinting frame, particularly on the wall side. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each main winch is attached to a slide element which is slidably connected to the support frame in the first horizontal direction. The slide element is advantageously supported on the support frame by means of roller elements and / or sliding elements. According to a further development of the invention, the system for adaptive load distribution is designed with at least one drive unit for moving a slide element of a main winch in the first horizontal direction relative to the support frame, wherein each slide element is assigned a drive unit. The drive unit is preferably designed as a spindle drive with a spindle and a drive element. The spindle is oriented in the first horizontal direction, and the drive element is arranged on the support frame. The drive element is advantageously designed as an electric motor. A further advantage of the invention is that the main winch is connected to the slide element via a hinged connection. The hinged connection is preferably designed with a first element for movably connecting the main winch to the slide element about an axis of rotation oriented in the first horizontal direction, and with a second element for movably connecting the main winch to the slide element about an axis of rotation oriented in the second horizontal direction. The auxiliary winch can advantageously be connected to the frame element via a hinged connection. The hinged connection comprises a first element for movably connecting the auxiliary winch to the impression frame about a rotation axis oriented in the second horizontal direction, and a second element for movably connecting the auxiliary winch to the impression frame about a rotation axis oriented in the first horizontal direction. The problem is also solved by a method according to the invention for aligning a device for arranging a lift system on a wall in a horizontal position. In this method, at least one winch designed as a main winch is displaced in a first horizontal direction as the suspension point of a main support rope designed as a main support rope on a frame element to ensure a constant force distribution between the main support rope and an auxiliary support rope. During the horizontal position of the device, the device, together with the frame element and in particular the lifting means, remains in a horizontal orientation even if the position of a center of gravity changes. According to a further development of the invention, a sensor determines and thus monitors the load distribution between the at least one main winch and the auxiliary winch during operation and when the device is mounted on the wall. The force acting on the auxiliary winch, particularly in a vertical direction, is measured. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the position of the main winch as the suspension point of the main support cable in the first horizontal direction on the frame element is changed by moving a carriage element with the main winch arranged on the carriage element in a direction of movement aligned in the first horizontal direction. The carriage element is preferably moved by actuating a drive motor of a drive unit. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that, when an imprint frame of the frame element is inserted, the lifting mechanism is displaced in a horizontal direction of movement towards the wall, and a center of gravity of the device as well as a suspension point of the main winch on a support frame of the frame element are each displaced in a horizontal direction of movement opposite to the direction of movement of the lifting mechanism, relative to the lifting mechanism. In this process, the position of the center of gravity of the device and the suspension point of the main winch on the support frame are shifted towards the wall.When the imprint frame of the frame element is extended, the lifting mechanism is moved horizontally away from the wall, and the center of gravity of the device and the suspension point of the main winch on a support frame of the frame element are each displaced horizontally in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the lifting mechanism. This shifts the position of the device's center of gravity and the main winch's suspension point on the support frame away from the wall. According to a further development of the invention, the inclination of the lifting device about an axis extending in a second horizontal direction is set by individually controlling and adjusting the rotational speed of the auxiliary winch. The rotational speed of the auxiliary winch is adjusted by changing its rotational speed. The inclination of the device is specifically related to the first horizontal direction and involves a rotation of the device about the axis of rotation oriented in the second horizontal direction. Furthermore, the inclination of the elevator about an axis running in the first horizontal direction is advantageously set by individually controlling and adjusting the rotational speed of a main winch. The rotational speed of the main winch is adjusted by changing its rotational speed. Preferably, depending on the inclination of the elevator, the rotational speed of the corresponding main winch is increased until the device reaches a horizontal position. The device and method according to the invention have, in summary, further advantageous properties: - optimal load distribution with minimal loads on the support cables, in particular a support cable attached to the imprint frame, by decoupling the load distribution from the respective extent of the imprint frame, whereby the distribution of the load on the support cables is independent of the extension state of the imprint frame, so that a heavy load on the imprint frame is also avoided, - support cables arranged on the stable support frame of the lifting device essentially take over the entire load-bearing function, whereby the auxiliary cable arranged on the imprint frame, which is sensitive to loads, only takes over a minimal share of the load-bearing function and prevents instabilities of the device during the process of traversing it, - adaptive load distribution enables the manufacture and easy relocation of devices with a large imprint frame,Especially for use on wind turbines with a very large horizontal distance between the rotor blade and the tower, maximum stability is achieved by compensating for changes in the center of gravity due to the displacement of moving masses, thus preventing swaying or tipping of the device when the center of gravity changes, and also due to minimal load acting on the auxiliary cable and associated winch as well as the push-off frame, in particular the push-off frame, with minimal material usage and therefore minimal weight, resulting in easier transport with minimal transport costs. Further details, features, and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1: a device for arranging a lifting system with a lifting element mounted on a support frame, an imprinting frame with a carriage for supporting the device against a wall, and a system for adaptive load distribution in a side view; Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b: the device from Fig. 1 with the imprinting frame retracted and extended, as well as at different distances of the lifting element from the wall; Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b: the device from Fig. 1 with the imprinting frame at least partially extended, each during the tilting process in a vertically oriented plane while the center of gravity of the device changes; Fig. 4a: support frame and imprinting frame of the device from Fig.1 with the adaptive load distribution system in a side view, Fig. 4b and Fig. 4c: detailed views of the system in the area of ​​the support frame in a side view and a perspective view, as well as Fig. 4d: detailed view of the system in the area of ​​the impression frame in a perspective view and Fig. 4e: joint connection of the system in the area of ​​the impression frame with a sensor in a perspective view. Figure 1 shows a side view of a device 1 for arranging a lift system, in particular a drive system for a rotor blade of a wind turbine, comprising a frame element 3 and a system 10 for adaptive load distribution. The device 1 is further equipped with a lift mechanism 2 arranged on the support frame 3b of the frame element 3 and a carriage 4 arranged on the imprint frame 3a for supporting the device 1 against a wall 5. The lift mechanism 2 is depicted as a body or housing, for example, a maintenance chamber or cell of the drive system. The imprint frame 3a has a chassis 4, formed from various roller elements, at a first end oriented towards the wall 5. The imprint frame 3a thus enables the device 1 to be horizontally supported against the wall 5 via the roller elements. The wall 5, which is particularly tower-like, cylindrical, or conical in shape, is, for example, a component of a wind turbine tower. The device 1 can be supported against the wall 5 and moved along the wall 5, predominantly in the vertical direction y, via the roller elements, preferably designed as wheels, located at the wall-side end of the imprint frame 3a. The roller elements of the chassis 4 thus enable the device 1 to roll vertically along the tower-like wall 5. An arrangement of the roller elements in at least pairs increases the stability of the device 1 and prevents it from tipping about an axis oriented in the vertical direction y. The device 1 has mounting elements 8 on a top surface 6, in particular on the frame element 3, 3a, 3b, which are designed to receive fastening elements 7. Each fastening element 7 is associated with a mounting element 8. The device 1 is connected via at least two, specifically three, fastening elements 7a, 7b, designed as support cables, for example, to anchor points formed in the area (not shown) of the upper end of the rotor blade, the so-called airfoil root. The mounting elements 8 are advantageously designed as winches 8a, 8b, with each support cable 7a, 7b being connected to the device 1 via a winch 8a, 8b. If the winches 8a, 8b are configured as drum winches, the device 1 is raised vertically y to the base of the profile and lowered from the base by winding and unwinding the support cables 7a, 7b. If the winches are configured as through-running winches, the device 1 is moved by guiding the support cables 7a, 7b through them. The support cables 7a, 7b are connected to the wind turbine at their upper ends, for example, via cable thimbles. The device 1 is moved under its own power without external drive mechanisms, such as a crane. Each support cable 7a, 7b is assigned a safety cable, which, during normal operation of the device 1, runs without force through a locking device, securing device, or catch device attached to the device 1. If a support cable 7a, 7b is damaged, the safety cable assigned to that support cable 7a, 7b is locked within the securing device, so that the safety cable takes over the load-bearing function of the support cable 7a, 7b. Two fastening elements 7, designed as main support cables 7a, are each arranged on the support frame 3b of the device 1 via a main winch 8a. A significant portion of the weight of the device 1 is transmitted via the main support cables 7a and their respective main winches 8a. The two main winches are fixed to longitudinal beams of the support frame 3b. The longitudinal beams of the support frame 3b, like the longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a, are spaced apart in the horizontal direction x and in a horizontal plane, and are aligned parallel to each other. The horizontal plane is defined by the directions x and z, which are orthogonal to each other. The longitudinal beams are spaced apart from each other in the z direction. A fastening device 7, designed as an auxiliary support cable 7b, is attached to the tower-side end of the imprint frame 3a of the device 1 via an auxiliary winch 8b. Besides moving the device 1 in the vertical direction y, the auxiliary support cable 7b and the associated auxiliary winch 8b also serve to stabilize the device 1 and prevent it from rotating in a vertical plane spanned in the x and y directions. The proportion of the weight force of the device 1 to be transmitted via the auxiliary support rope 7b and the auxiliary winch 8b can be minimal. The device 1 can, for example, be configured with two main winches 8a, each with a rated load of 1,000 kg, and one auxiliary winch 8b with a rated load of 400 kg. The adaptive load distribution system 10 is designed such that the auxiliary winch 8b is always loaded within a range of 200 kg to 400 kg. The auxiliary winch 8b thus performs not only a stabilizing function but also a lifting function with a load of at least 200 kg. The lifting device 2 is connected to the impression frame 3a via the support frame 3b, the impression frame 3a being guided within the support frame 3b. The support frame 3b of the lifting device 2 accommodates longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a. The support frame 3b is guided along the longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a with minimized friction. Bearings are arranged between the support frame 3b and the longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a. These bearings are advantageously designed as rolling bearings and enable relative movement between the lifting mechanism 2 with the support frame 3b and the impression frame 3a, which rests against the wall 5 via the carriage 4, in a substantially horizontal direction x. The lifting mechanism 2 can thus be displaced with minimal friction, particularly in the horizontal direction x, and the distance a between the lifting mechanism 2, specifically between the surface of the lifting mechanism 2 facing the wall 5, and the wall 5 can be varied and adjusted. To move the lifting device 2, drive elements (not shown), for example gear drives, are arranged on the support frame 3b, each preferably also including an electric motor. The lifting device 2 is moved translationally in the direction of movement 9 along the longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a in the horizontal direction x by means of the drive elements. The winches 8a, serving as suspension points for the main support ropes 7a on the support frame 3b, are designed to be displaceable in the horizontal direction x in order to ensure, in particular, a constant force distribution between the main support ropes 7a and the auxiliary support rope 7b by moving the suspension points. Furthermore, by moving the suspension points, the tilt angle of the elevator mechanism 2 about a rotation axis oriented in the horizontal direction z can be compensated for or varied during the passage of the device 1.The horizontal displacement of the main winches 8a therefore ensures, on the one hand, that the main support ropes 7a bear the main load of the device 1 and that the auxiliary support rope 7b and thus the imprint frame 3a are each subjected to only a minimal load, and on the other hand, that the lifting means 2 always moves in a horizontally aligned manner and that tilting or tilting of the lifting means 2 in the vertical plane is prevented. The position of the winches 8a as suspension points of the main support ropes 7a in horizontal direction x, which is defined as the horizontal distance b between the suspension point of the winch 8a on the support frame 3b and the wall 5, is in a fixed ratio to the horizontal position of the imprint frame 3a, in particular of the lifting means 2, which is defined as the distance a between the lifting means 2, specifically between the surface of the lifting means 2 oriented towards the wall 5, and the wall 5. To enable the positions of the winches 8a, which serve as suspension points for the main support cables 7a, to be changed in the horizontal direction x on the support frame 3b, each winch 8a is mounted on a carriage element 11 oriented in the horizontal direction x and movable in the direction of movement 12. This carriage element 11 is supported on the support frame 3b, for example, by means of roller elements or sliding elements. The carriage elements 11 are preferably driven by belt drives, spindle drives, or rack and pinion drives. The winches 8a are movably attached to the carriage element 11 in such a way that the winch 8a is always aligned with the support cable 7a without torque. The winches 8a are therefore each rotatably coupled to a carriage element 11 about an axis of rotation extending in the horizontal directions x and z. The position of the main winches 8a as suspension points for the main support cables 7a in the horizontal direction x is always chosen such that the horizontal position of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 is formed in the area of ​​the main winches 8a at every deflection of the imprint frame 3a and thus at every distance a of the lifting means 2 from the wall 5, and therefore a significant portion of the weight force is transmitted via the main winches 8a and the main support cables 7a. The center of gravity 13 of the entire device 1 is always located in the horizontal direction x between the suspension point of the auxiliary winch 8b on the imprint frame 3a and the suspension points of the two main winches 8a, which also applies to the most unfavorable position of the variable masses as payload. Thus, the device 1 is stable in every configuration and cannot tilt about an axis extending in the z direction within the vertical plane defined by the directions x and y. The device 1 has a dead mass, also referred to as empty mass, and a mass due to a payload, such as persons or tools. Since the distribution of the empty mass of the device 1 is known for every operating condition, the center of gravity of the empty device 1 can be precisely calculated. The payload, however, can be located anywhere in the maintenance chamber and is therefore a spatially variable mass. The center of gravity 13, as the overall center of gravity of the device 1, is always located in the horizontal direction x, even when including the payload, between the suspension point of the auxiliary winch 8b on the imprint frame 3a and the suspension points of the two main winches 8a. The auxiliary winch 8b, attached to the tower-side end of the imprint frame 3a, is used to connect the auxiliary support cable 7b to the imprint frame 3a and is fixed to the imprint frame 3a at a predetermined position. This means that, compared to the main winches 8a, the auxiliary winch 8b is fixed to the imprint frame 3a and cannot be moved, particularly in the horizontal direction x. However, the auxiliary winch 8b is movably arranged on the imprint frame 3a in such a way that it is always aligned with the support cable 7b without any torque. Consequently, the auxiliary winch 8b is rotatably coupled to the imprint frame 3a about an axis of rotation extending in the horizontal directions x and z. In the area of ​​the suspension of the auxiliary winch 8b on the imprint frame 3a, a sensor 14, specifically a load sensor or force sensor, for example in the form of a force measuring bolt, is also provided for the continuous measurement of a force acting on the auxiliary winch 8b, especially acting in the vertical direction y. Figures 2a and 2b show the device 1 from Figure 1 with the impression frame 3a retracted, as shown in Figure 2a, and with the impression frame 3a extended, as shown in Figure 2b, thus exhibiting different distances a1, a2 of the lifting means 2 to the wall 5 and different distances b1, b2 of the suspensions of the main winches 8a to the wall 5, respectively. Identical elements of the device 1 are subsequently designated with the same reference numerals. The term "retracted impression frame 3a" refers to a state where the impression frame 3a has a small extension, particularly in the horizontal direction x, and the lifting means 2 is arranged closer to the wall 5 in the horizontal direction x at a distance a1 than when the impression frame 3a is extended. The distance a1 of the lifting means 2 to the wall 5 with the impression frame 3a retracted is therefore smaller than the distance a2 of the lifting means 2 to the wall 5 with the impression frame 3a extended. When the distance a, a1, a2 is changed, and thus the length or extension of the impression frame 3a varies, the distance b, b1, b2 of the main winch suspensions 8a to the wall 5 also changes. As can be seen from a comparison of Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, the distance b, b1, b2 also increases as the impression frame 3a extends. However, the distances b, b1, b2 change to a lesser extent than the distances a, a1, a2. The different changes in the distances a, a1, a2 compared to the distances b, b1, b2 are ensured by the suspension of the main winches 8a, which is movable in the horizontal direction x on the slide element 11, which is movable in the direction of movement 12. The sled elements 11 are specifically used to change the positions of the winches 8a as suspension points of the main support ropes 7a in the horizontal direction x on the support frame 3b. When the dimensions of the impression frame 3a are extended, shortened, or reduced, as shown in Fig. 2a, thereby shifting the lifting mechanism 2 in the direction of movement 9 towards the wall 5 and consequently decreasing the distance a1, the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 is displaced relative to the lifting mechanism 2 in the direction of movement 15. The direction of movement 15 of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 relative to the lifting mechanism 2 and the direction of movement 9 of the lifting mechanism 2 in the horizontal direction x are oriented in opposite directions to each other. While the position of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 also shifts towards the wall 5, the process of displacing the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 is slower than the process of decreasing the distance a1. In order to compensate for the shift in the position of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 and thus to continue to distribute the main load generated by the weight of the device 1 essentially onto the main support ropes 7a and to only minimally load the auxiliary support rope 7b and thus the imprint frame 3a, but also to avoid tilting or tipping of the device 1 in the vertically oriented plane spanned by the directions x and y, the suspension points of the main winches 8a on the support frame 3b are changed in the horizontal direction x with respect to the lifting means 2 in the direction of movement 12.The direction of movement 15 of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 and the direction of movement 12 of the slide elements 11 as suspension points of the main winches 8a on the support frame 3b in the horizontal direction x run in the same direction to each other, so that the position of the slide element 11 is also shifted towards the wall 5, but the process of shifting the slide element 11 towards the wall 5 is slower than the process of reducing the distance a1 and the slide element 11 is shifted with respect to the support frame 3b with the lifting means 2 in the direction of movement 12. Since, when the dimensions of the impression frame 3a are shortened or reduced, the slide element 11 with the entire device 1 is moved towards the wall 5, but the slide element 11 is simultaneously displaced in the direction of movement 12 relative to the support frame 3b with the lifting means 2 and thus against the direction of movement of the device 1 towards the wall 5, and since the movement of the entire device 1 is faster than the relative displacement of the slide element 11 towards the lifting means 2, the process of displacing the slide element 11 towards the wall 5 and thus reducing the distance b1 is slower than the process of reducing the distance a1. The ratio a1 / b1 decreases. The horizontal displacement of the main winches 8a held on the sled element 11 in relation to the support frame 3b with the lifting means 2 ensures that the main load generated mainly by the weight of the device 1 is predominantly distributed on the main support ropes 7a and that the auxiliary support rope 7b and thus the imprint frame 3a are subject to a minimal load. When the imprint frame 3a is extended or lengthened, as shown in Fig. 2b, thus displacing the lifting means 2 in the direction of movement 9 away from the wall 5 and consequently increasing the distance a2, the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 is again displaced with respect to the lifting means 2 in the direction of movement 15, which is oriented in the horizontal direction x opposite to the direction of movement 9 of the lifting means 2. Although the position of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 also shifts away from the wall 5, the process of displacing the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 is slower than the process of increasing the distance a2. Since the direction of movement 15 of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 and the direction of movement 12 of the slide elements 11 as suspension points of the main winches 8a on the support frame 3b are in the same direction to each other in the horizontal direction x, the position of the slide element 11 is also moved away from the wall 5, however, the process of moving the slide element 11 is slower than the process of increasing the distance a2 and the slide element 11 is moved with respect to the support frame 3b with the lifting means 2 in the direction of movement 12. Since, when the impression frame 3a is lengthened or its dimensions increased, the slide element 11, along with the entire device 1, is moved away from the wall 5, but simultaneously the slide element 11 is displaced in the direction of movement 12 relative to the support frame 3b by the lifting means 2, and thus in the opposite direction to the movement of the device 1 away from the wall 5, and since the movement of the entire device 1 is faster than the relative displacement of the slide element 11 to the lifting means 2, the process of displacing the slide element 11 away from the wall 5, and thus of increasing the distance b2, occurs more slowly than the process of increasing the distance a2. The ratio a2 / b2 increases. Depending on the center of gravity of the entire device 1, including the displacement of movable masses, a defined ratio a / b results in order to absorb the load emanating from the device 1 predominantly via the main support cables 7a and to only minimally load the auxiliary support cable 7b and thus the imprint frame 3a. Figures 3a and 3b show the device 1 from Figure 1 with the imprinting frame 3a at least partially extended, each during the process of tilting in a vertical plane spanned by the directions x and y about an axis running in the horizontal direction z, in particular also when the position of the center of gravity 13 of the device 1 changes. By moving the support cables 7a, 7b in the directions of movement 16, 17, the device 1 is primarily raised in the vertical direction y to the root of the rotor blade profile or lowered from the root of the profile in the opposite directions of movement. Furthermore, the inclination of the device 1, in particular of the lifting mechanism 2, can be controlled by the adaptive load distribution system 10. The inclination about the axis running in the horizontal direction z, also referred to as the transverse direction of the device 1, is adjusted by individually controlling or adapting the rotational speed of the auxiliary winch 8b. Thus, during the raising process and with constant rotational speeds of the main winches 8a, for example, the rotational speed of the auxiliary winch 8b is reduced in an arrangement of the device 1 according to Fig. 3a, or in an arrangement of the device 1 according to Fig.3b The rotational speed of the auxiliary winch 8b is increased until the device 1 has once again reached the horizontal position. The rotational speed of the auxiliary winch 8b is adjusted by changing the rotational speed, which determines the feed rate of the device 1 in the vertical direction y. Furthermore, the adaptive load distribution system 10 allows for the control of an inclination about an axis extending in the horizontal direction x, also referred to as the longitudinal direction of the device 1, by individually controlling or adjusting the rotational speed of one of the main winches 8a. Depending on the inclination of the device 1, the rotational speed of the corresponding main winch 8a is increased until the device 1 reaches a horizontal position. According to an advantageous embodiment of the device 1, the control unit, which automatically regulates the respective inclination of the device 1, is integrated within the device 1. As soon as a limit value of the inclination is reached or exceeded, the control unit adjusts the rotational speed of the corresponding winch 8a, 8b in order to restore the horizontal position of the device 1. The auxiliary winch 8b is equipped with a frequency converter, allowing the rotational speed to be variably controlled. The main winches 8a can each have a frequency converter. Figure 4a shows a side view of the frame element 3 with the support frame 3b and the impression frame 3a, as well as the system 10 for adaptive load distribution of the device 1 from Figure 1. The impression frame 3a is at least partially extended. The chassis 4 of the device 1, which is formed from various roller elements, is arranged at the first end of the impression frame 3a, while the impression frame 3a is guided in the support frame 3b at its second end, which is distal to the first end. The frame element 3 is extendable in the horizontal direction x. On the side oriented vertically upwards in the y direction, the frame element 3 has the mounting elements 8, designed as winches 8a, 8b, for receiving the fastening elements (not shown), which are designed as support cables. The two main winches 8a are arranged as suspension points for the main support cables and are slidably mounted in the horizontal direction x on the support frame 3b of the frame element 3, while the one auxiliary winch 8b is fixed in the area of ​​the first end of the impression frame 3a. The main winches 8a are each mounted on the support frame 3b via a slide element 11 that is movable in the direction of movement 12. The slide elements 11 are each moved by a drive unit 18 with a drive motor 20, in particular an electric motor. The drive unit 18, which is also shown in Figures 4b and 4c as detailed views of the system 10, in particular of the area of ​​the support frame 3b, in a side view and a perspective view, is designed with a spindle drive with a spindle 19, which is set into rotation about the longitudinal axis by the drive motor 20. The drive motor 20 is fixedly connected to the support frame 3b. The direction of rotation of the spindle 19 determines the direction of movement 12 of the slide element 11, whereby the slide elements 11 can be moved in a range of approximately 1.2 m along the longitudinal beams of the support frame 3b.The spindle drive, which features a high reduction ratio, allows the spindle 19 to be driven by a drive motor 20, specifically a DC electric motor with, for example, a 100:1 gear module. Due to the high overall gear ratio, the spindle 19 can be driven by very small and therefore lightweight electric motors. The slide elements 11, which can be moved between two end positions, are guided vertically y by roller elements 21 on the support frame 3b, while the lateral guidance of the slide elements 11 on the support frame 3b is ensured in a space-saving manner by sliding elements (not shown). Locking devices, such as wedges, are arranged on the support frame 3b in the area of ​​the end positions of the slide elements 11. In the event of failure of the spindle drive or other mechanical elements of the drive unit 18, these devices brake or stop and fix the slide element 11 in the respective end position. The main winches 8a are each mounted on the slide element 11 via a joint connection 22. A first element 22a of the joint connection 22 enables a rotational movement of the main winch 8a about a rotational axis oriented in the horizontal direction x, while a second element 22b of the joint connection 22 ensures a rotational movement of the main winch 8a about a rotational axis extending in the horizontal direction z. The auxiliary winch 8b, fixed in the region of the first end of the impression frame 3a, is, unlike the main winches 8a, immovably connected to the impression frame 3a at a predetermined position, as also shown in Fig. 4d as a detailed perspective view of the system 10, in particular of the area of ​​the impression frame 3a. The auxiliary winch 8b is arranged on a crossbeam of the impression frame 3a, which connects the longitudinal beams of the impression frame 3a oriented in the x direction and is arranged essentially orthogonally to the longitudinal beams and thus oriented in the z direction. The auxiliary winch 8b is preferably attached to the crossbeam centrally between the longitudinal beams. As shown in Fig. 4e, a detailed view A of the suspension of the auxiliary winch 8b, the auxiliary winch 8b is mounted on the impression frame 3a via a hinge connection 23. A first element 23a of the hinge connection 23 enables a rotational movement of the auxiliary winch 8b about an axis of rotation oriented in the horizontal direction z, while a second element 23b of the hinge connection 23 ensures a rotational movement of the auxiliary winch 8b about an axis of rotation extending in the horizontal direction x. The sensor 14, arranged in the area of ​​the suspension of the auxiliary winch 8b on the launching frame 3a, particularly in the area of ​​the articulated joint 23, and designed as a force sensor, for example in the form of a force measuring bolt for the continuous measurement of a force acting on the auxiliary winch 8b, specifically in the vertical direction y, serves to monitor the load distribution between the main winches 8a and the auxiliary winch 8b during operation and arrangement of the device 1 on the wind turbine. If the force acting on the auxiliary winch 8b in the vertical direction y is too low, the stability of the entire device 1 is at risk, while if the force acting on the auxiliary winch 8b in the vertical direction y is too high, an overload of the launching frame 3a and the auxiliary support cable 7b, including the auxiliary winch 8b, will occur. The sensor 14, and thus the measurement of the force acting in the vertical direction y, is advantageously coupled with the control of the device 1, so that, in particular when critical limit values ​​of various parameters are reached, certain operating commands are excluded in order to avoid dangerous situations. Reference symbol list 1 Device 2 Lifting Means 3 Frame Element 3a Imprint Frame 3b Support Frame Lifting Means 2 4 Trolley 5 Wall 6 Top of Cell 2 7 Fastening Means 7a Main Lifting Rope 7b Auxiliary Lifting Rope 8 Mounting Element 8a Main Winch 8b Auxiliary Winch 9 Direction of Movement Lifting Means 2 10 System 11 Carriage Element 12 Direction of Movement Carriage Element 11 13 Center of Gravity Device 1 14 Sensor 15 Direction of Movement Center of Gravity 13 16 Direction of Movement Main Rope 7a 17 Direction of Movement Auxiliary Rope 7b 18 Drive Unit System 10 19 Spindle Drive Unit 18 20 Drive Element 21 Roller Element Carriage Element 11 22 Articulated Connection Main Winch 8a 22a First Element Articulated Connection 22 22b Second Element Articulated Connection 22 23 Articulated Connection Auxiliary Winch 8b 23a First Element Articulated Connection 23 23b second element joint connection 23 a, a1, a2 distance wall 5 surface lift means 2 b, b1, b2 distance wall 5 suspension main winch 8a x, y, z direction

Claims

Device (1) for arranging a lift system on a wall, comprising a lift mechanism (2) arranged on a frame element (3), fastening means (7) and support elements (8), wherein: - the frame element (3) comprises an imprint frame (3a) and a support frame (3b), wherein the imprint frame (3a) is supported on the wall (5) in a horizontal direction (x) via a carriage (4) and is movable in a vertical direction (y), and the lift mechanism (2) is connected to the imprint frame (3a) via the support frame (3b) and is movable in the horizontal direction (x) by actuating the frame element (3); - the fastening means (7) are each connected to the frame element (3) via a support element (8); and - the lift mechanism (2) is moved by actuating the support elements (8) designed as winches (8a, 8b) which are designed as suspension cables (7a, 8b).7b) the fastening means (7) are designed to be movable in a vertical direction (y), wherein a system (10) for adaptive load distribution is designed, wherein at least one winch (8b) is arranged as an auxiliary winch on the imprint frame (3a) of the frame element (3) and at least one winch (8a) is arranged as a main winch displaceably in the horizontal direction (x) relative to the support frame (3b) of the frame element (3) such that, when a center of gravity (13) of the device (1) is displaced, a constant force distribution between a main support cable (7a) connected to the at least one main winch and an auxiliary support cable (7b) connected to the at least one auxiliary winch can be set. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the impression frame (3a) is formed from a crossbeam aligned in a second horizontal direction (z) and two longitudinal beams spaced apart from each other via the crossbeam and aligned in the first horizontal direction (x), wherein the support frame (3b) is slidably mounted with the lifting means (2) along the longitudinal beams in the first horizontal direction (x), which is orthogonal to the second horizontal direction (z). Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sensor (14) for determining a force acting on the auxiliary winch (8b) and on the support cable (7b) is arranged in the area of ​​a connection of the auxiliary winch (8b) to the imprint frame (3a). Device (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least two main winches (8a) are formed, which are spaced apart from each other in the second horizontal direction (z), wherein one main winch (8a) is attached to the support frame (3b) in the area of ​​a longitudinal beam. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each main winch (8a) is attached to a slide element (11), wherein the slide element (11) is slidably connected to the support frame (3b) along the first horizontal direction (x). Device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the system (10) is designed with at least one drive unit (18) for moving a slide element (11) of a main winch (8a) in the first horizontal direction (x) relative to the support frame (3b), wherein each slide element (11) is assigned a drive unit (18). Device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the drive unit (18) is designed as a spindle drive with a spindle (19) and a drive element (20), wherein the spindle (19) is aligned in the first horizontal direction (x) and the drive element (20) is arranged on the support frame (3b). Device (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the main winch (8a) is connected to the slide element (11) via a joint connection (22). Device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the articulated connection (22) is formed with a first element (22a) for movably connecting the main winch (8a) to the slide element (11) about an axis of rotation oriented in the first horizontal direction (x) and with a second element (22b) for movably connecting the main winch (8a) to the slide element (11) about an axis of rotation oriented in a second horizontal direction (z), which is orthogonal to the first horizontal direction (x). Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the auxiliary winch (8b) is connected to the frame element (3) via a hinge connection (23). Device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the articulated connection (23) is formed with a first element (23a) for movably connecting the auxiliary winch (8b) to the impression frame (3a) about an axis of rotation oriented in a second horizontal direction (z) and with a second element (23b) for movably connecting the auxiliary winch (8b) to the impression frame (3a) about an axis of rotation oriented in the first horizontal direction (x), which is orthogonal to the second horizontal direction (z). Method for aligning a device (1) for arranging a lift system on a wall (5) according to one of the preceding claims in a horizontal position, characterized in that at least one cable winch (8a) designed as a main winch is displaced as a suspension point of a support cable (7a) designed as a main support cable on a frame element (3) for a constant force distribution between the main support cable (7a) and an auxiliary support cable (7b) in a horizontal direction (x). Method according to claim 12, characterized in that during the operation and arrangement of the device (1) on the wall (5) a load distribution between the at least one main winch (8a) and the auxiliary winch (8b) is determined with a sensor (14), wherein the force acting on the auxiliary winch (8b) is measured. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the position of the main winch (8a) as the suspension point of the main support cable (7a) in the horizontal direction (x) on the frame element (3) is changed by moving a slide element (11) with the main winch (8a) arranged on the slide element (11) in a direction of movement (12) oriented in the horizontal direction (x). Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that when the impression frame (3a) of the frame element (3) is inserted, the lifting means (2) is moved in a horizontal direction of movement (9) towards the wall (5) and the center of gravity (13) of the device (1) and the suspension point of the main winch (8a) on a support frame (3b) of the frame element (3) are each displaced in a horizontal direction of movement (12, 15) opposite to the direction of movement (9) of the lifting means (2) with respect to the lifting means (2), wherein the position of the center of gravity (13) of the device (1) and the suspension point of the main winch (8a) on the support frame (3b) are moved towards the wall (5). Method according to claims 12 to 15, characterized in that when the imprint frame (3a) of the frame element (3) is extended, the lifting means (2) is moved away from the wall (5) in a horizontal direction of movement (9) and the center of gravity (13) of the device (1) and the suspension point of the main winch (8a) on a support frame (3b) of the frame element (3) are each displaced in a horizontal direction of movement (12, 15) opposite to the direction of movement (9) of the lifting means (2) with respect to the lifting means (2), wherein the position of the center of gravity (13) of the device (1) and the suspension point of the main winch (8a) on the support frame (3b) are moved away from the wall (5). Method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that an inclination of the lifting means (2) about an axis extending in a second horizontal direction (z) is set by individually controlling and adjusting a rotational speed of the auxiliary winch (8b), wherein the rotational speed of the auxiliary winch (8b) is adjusted by changing the rotational speed. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that an inclination of the lifting means (2) about an axis extending in the first horizontal direction (x) is set by individually controlling and adjusting a rotational speed of a main winch (8a), wherein the rotational speed of the main winch (8a) is adjusted by changing the rotational speed.

Images