Structure with a load-bearing first structure section and a second structure section supported on this via a structure bearing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MAGEBA SERVICES & TECH AG
- Filing Date
- 2020-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a structure comprising a load-bearing first structural element and a second structural element supported on the first via a structural bearing. In particular, the present invention relates to such a structure in which the structural bearing comprises a lower bearing plate fixedly connected to the first structural element, an upper bearing plate fixedly connected to the second structural element, and a sliding element arranged between the lower and upper bearing plates, which transmits a vertical force from the upper bearing plate to the lower bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate has at least three degrees of freedom relative to the lower bearing plate, in that it can perform – each within a limited range – tilting movements (“rotations”) about two horizontal axes and a translational movement in at least one horizontal direction.
[0002] For structures where one structural element is supported on another by means of a bearing, there are regular application-specific requirements concerning the defined movement of the two structural elements relative to each other, specifically regarding the degrees of freedom relevant for movement of the two structural elements relative to each other in the area of the respective bearing. In a typical application (e.g., B In the case of various bridges, the supported structural element must be able to tilt relative to the supporting structural element about two horizontal axes and also be able to be displaced in at least one horizontal direction. Typically, spherical bearings with a sliding plate (see, for example, DE 296 13 031 U1) or elastomeric cup bearings with a sliding plate are used in this case.
[0003] Such technology has proven itself for standard applications. However, in the case of various specialized applications, it does not meet all practically relevant requirements. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a structure of the type described above with enhanced suitability for specific applications.
[0004] This problem is solved according to the invention in that, in the structure described above, the lower bearing plate has a concave cylindrical lower sliding surface with a horizontal first axis and a first radius of curvature, and the upper bearing plate has a concave cylindrical upper sliding surface with a horizontal second axis and a second radius of curvature, wherein the first axis and the second axis are skew to each other, the sliding body has a convex cylindrical lower counter surface, over which it is in planar sliding contact with the lower bearing plate, and a convex cylindrical upper counter surface, over which it is in planar sliding contact with the upper bearing plate, and the sliding body is displaceable parallel to the first axis relative to the lower bearing plate and / or parallel to the second axis relative to the upper bearing plate.The present invention thus fundamentally departs from the principle implemented in spherical bearings, according to which the tilting movements with respect to the two horizontal axes are represented in the same (spherical) sliding surface, by providing different (cylindrical) sliding surfaces for representing the two said tilting movements. In at least one of the two cylindrical sliding surfaces, the horizontal displacement movement of the sliding body with respect to the respective bearing plate is additionally represented.
[0005] Moving away from a single spherical sliding surface by implementing two differently oriented cylindrical sliding surfaces offers several substantial advantages. Firstly, this approach allows for a wide range of control over the bearing's properties with respect to the two tilting movements, particularly through different geometric characteristics (radius of curvature and / or size of the respective cylindrical sliding contact surface) and / or different material pairings. Consequently, the base area of the structural bearing used in the invention is not limited to a more or less square shape, but can be largely adapted to the geometric characteristics of the structural components or to other aspects of the installation situation.The possibility of different geometric relationships, as described above, can have a particularly advantageous effect on the pressure distribution. In this context, for especially narrow designs – perpendicular to the relevant cylinder axis – a very small radius of curvature is particularly advantageous, as this reduces the eccentricities disclosed in DIN EN 1337-7:2004 Spherical and cylindrical bearings with PTFE and thus counteracts the described wear. Specifically, it is particularly advantageous if the dimensions of the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate are larger parallel to the axis associated with the smaller radius of curvature than perpendicular to it.
[0006] Furthermore, compared to a spherical bearing, the manufacturing of the individual components of the structural bearing and their assembly can be significantly simplified. This is because, in the case of the present invention, the comparatively complex manufacturing of spherical surfaces is not required. When using a sliding plate (typically made of an elastoplastic sliding material such as PTFE or UHMWPE) to represent the concave sliding surface of a spherical bearing, these surfaces must even be undercut to form a circumferentially recessed pocket for receiving the sliding plate. Likewise, in the case of the present invention, the assembly of the sliding plate is considerably less complex than when the structural bearing is designed as a spherical bearing.
[0007] The present invention is particularly advantageous in cases where space is extremely limited for the structural bearing. By representing the two sliding contact surfaces as cylindrical surfaces, their proportions—length (along the respective axis) and width (perpendicular to the axis)—can be optimally adapted to the specific installation situation. While approaches have been considered for spherical bearings to "trim" the sliding contact surface to make the bearing suitable for certain installation situations (see EP 2 989 253 B1), this resulted in an extremely complex overall design of the structural bearing, with correspondingly detrimental consequences for its practical suitability.
[0008] The particularly advantageous properties of the structural bearing used in the present invention—especially with regard to the possibilities of adapting the bearing to application-specific requirements within a wide range—make it very suitable for replacing worn structural bearings in existing structures requiring renovation. A prime application of the present invention in this respect is the renovation of bridges where the superstructure (second structural component) is supported on the abutment (first structural component) via roller bearings.Because the structural bearing used in the invention can, with the dimensions of the originally used roller bearing to be replaced, even have an increased load-bearing capacity compared to the latter, with the additional possibility of a tilting movement about a second axis, which reduces the risk of constraints and / or excessively high pressures and contributes to a particularly long service life - and thus high economic efficiency.
[0009] According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the sliding body is displaceable both parallel to the first axis relative to the lower bearing plate and parallel to the second axis relative to the upper bearing plate. In this embodiment, both a tilting movement (rotation about the respective axis) and a displacement movement (translation parallel to the respective axis) are possible in both cylindrical sliding contact surfaces, resulting in a total of four lines of freedom.
[0010] Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized by the fact that the first radius and the second radius differ from each other. Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second radius can be larger than the first radius, and particularly preferably at least twice as large as the latter. Such an embodiment proves to be particularly advantageous for the application of the invention already mentioned above, namely the refurbishment of an existing bridge structure previously equipped with roller bearings. The installation is preferably such that the first axis is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, the second axis transverse to it, and the sliding element is displaceable at least parallel to the first axis relative to the lower bearing plate.
[0011] According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the sliding body is constructed in multiple parts, comprising a first sliding body part having the lower mating surface and a second sliding body part having the upper mating surface and rotatable about a vertical axis relative to the first. Particularly preferably, the first sliding body part and the second sliding body part bear against each other over a surface area via associated planar rotary-sliding surfaces perpendicular to the vertical axis. It is advantageous if the first sliding body part and / or the second sliding body part have a sliding layer (for example, made of PTFE or UHMWPE) forming the respective rotary-sliding surface.The division of the sliding body into two sliding body parts that can be rotated relative to each other around the vertical axis provides a further, third rotational degree of freedom for the support realized by the building bearing, so that - depending on whether one or two translational degrees of freedom are realized - a support with a total of four or even five degrees of freedom results.
[0012] With a view to particularly favorable operating characteristics of the structural bearing used according to the invention, a separate sliding layer (for example, made of PTFE or UHMWPE) is provided for each of the two cylindrical sliding contact zones. This sliding layer forms one of the two respective sliding surfaces and is received in a corresponding pocket-like recess of the supporting component. In this sense, the lower bearing plate can, in particular, have a lower bearing plate base and a lower sliding layer forming the lower sliding surface, and / or the upper bearing plate can have an upper bearing plate base and an upper sliding layer forming the upper sliding surface. Similarly, the sliding body can have a lower counter-sliding layer forming the lower mating surface and / or an upper counter-sliding layer forming the upper mating surface.From the perspective of both assembly and operation, a combination is particularly advantageous such that in the area of the lower sliding contact zone the lower bearing plate has a lower bearing plate base and a lower sliding layer forming the lower sliding surface, pressed into a pocket-shaped recess of the lower bearing plate base, whereas in the area of the upper sliding contact zone an upper counter-sliding layer forming the upper counter-surface is received in a pocket-shaped recess of the sliding body.
[0013] Within the scope of the present invention, various configurations are possible for the structural connection of the bearing plates to the associated structural component. Specifically, anchor elements can be attached (directly) to the lower bearing plate and / or to the upper bearing plate in the associated structural component. A configuration can also be advantageous in which the lower bearing plate is fixedly mounted to a lower base plate to which lower anchor elements, anchored in the first structural component, are attached, and / or the upper bearing plate is fixedly mounted to an upper base plate to which upper anchor elements, anchored in the second structural component, are attached. Combinations are also conceivable in which different forms of connection to the respective associated structural component are implemented for the lower bearing plate on the one hand and the upper bearing plate on the other.
[0014] The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to three preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Fig. 1 in a partially schematic representation the relevant section of a first embodiment of the invention in the form of a bridge structure, Fig. 2 that in the exemplary embodiment according Fig. 1. Building bearings used, in perspective view from above, Fig. 3 a vertical section through the bridge bearing in the longitudinal direction Fig. 2, Fig. 4. a vertical section through the bridge bearing perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bridge according to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, Fig. 5 one according to the Fig. 4. Vertical section through the bridge bearing, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bridge, according to a second preferred embodiment modified from the first embodiment and Fig. 6 a vertical section through the building bearing used according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0015] Fig. Figure 1 illustrates the implementation of the invention using a structure designed as a bridge. Accordingly, a load-bearing first structural element exists. 1 in the form of an abutment W , on which a building stockpile 2 a - as a superstructure Ü completed - second part of the building 3 supported. To compensate for thermal length changes of the superstructure. Ü (Double arrow) A ) to compensate, there is a difference between the superstructure Ü and the abutment W in the usual and well-known manner of an expansion joint D, which by means of an expansion joint bridging device - which is not of further interest here and is therefore only schematically indicated V is bridged.
[0016] The construction site 2 (see also the Fig. 2 to Fig. 4) includes a lower bearing plate 4 , which is connected to the abutment W over a (in the abutment) W anchored lower anchor elements 5 (showing) lower anchor plate 6 is permanently connected, an upper bearing plate 7 , which has an upper anchor plate 8 with the superstructure Ü is fixedly connected, and one between the lower bearing plate 4 and the upper bearing plate 7 arranged, vertical force from the upper bearing plate 7 into the lower bearing plate 4 transferring sliding body 9 The lower bearing plate 4It has a concave cylindrical lower sliding surface. 10 with itself horizontally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bridge (double arrow) B ) extending first axis X1 in contrast, the upper bearing plate 7 a concave cylindrical upper sliding surface 11 with itself horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the bridge B extending second axis X2 up. The first axis X1 and the second axis X2 They therefore run at an angle to each other, with the first axis X1 is higher than the second axis X2 The cylindrical lower sliding surface 10 is with a first radius of curvature R1 and the cylindrical upper sliding surface 11 is with a second radius of curvature R2 executed, whereby the second radius of curvature R2 here is (significantly) larger than the first radius of curvature R1 , namely about 5 times as large.
[0017] The one between the lower bearing plate 4 and the upper bearing plate 7 absorbed sliding body 9 indicates - for flat application via a lower sliding contact zone 12 on the lower bearing plate 4 - one with the first radius of curvature R1 executed convex cylindrical lower counter surface 13 and - for surface application via an upper sliding contact zone 14 on the upper bearing plate 7 - one with the second radius of curvature R2 executed convex cylindrical upper counter surface 15 up. According to the orientation of the two bearing plates 4 , 7 executed cylindrical sliding surfaces 10 , 11 are also the axes of the sliding body 9 executed cylindrical counter surfaces 13 , 15 oblique to each other. The lower sliding surface 10 is located on a lower sliding layer16 formed, which is designed as a pocket-shaped receptacle 17 the lower bearing plate base 18 pressed-in PTFE plate 19 is executed. In the area of the upper sliding contact zone 14 The situation is reversed; here is the upper opposite surface. 15 on an upper counter-sliding layer 20 formed, which is designed as a pocket-shaped receptacle 21 of the sliding body 9 inserted - and possibly fixed or held down there by means of plastic screws S - PTFE plate 22 has been executed.
[0018] In addition to the two cylindrical sliding contact zones 12 , 14 provided, mutually orthogonal tilting movements about the first axis X1 or the second axis X2 is the upper bearing plate 7 regarding the lower bearing plate 4 both in the longitudinal direction of the bridge Bas well as being horizontally displaceable across it. For this purpose, the upper sliding contact zone is located in this area. 14 the sliding body 9 and the upper bearing plate 7 parallel to the second axis X2 movable relative to each other (double arrow) C ); and similarly, in the area of the lower sliding contact zone 12 the sliding body 9 and the lower bearing plate 4 parallel to the first axis X1 They are movable relative to each other. Therefore, the building support, according to the Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 over four degrees of freedom, namely two rotational and two translational.
[0019] In the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are located on the side of the lower bearing plate 4 attached tabs 27 to see which of the (interchangeable) mountings of the lower bearing plate 4 on the lower anchor plate 6 serve. The nuts 28the screw connections serving the relevant fastening 29 are in protective cases 30 recorded. The upper bearing plate 7 is connected to the upper anchor plate 8 also (interchangeable) via screw connections 31 connected, which is also why it's attached to the upper bearing plate 7 corresponding strips 32 are appropriate (see above). Fig. 2 and Fig. 4) Furthermore, in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 more transport locks 33 with each pair attached to the upper bearing plate 7 and the lower anchor plate 6 arranged tabs 34 , 35 recognizable. The screws acting between them. 36 will be after the assembly of the building support structure 2 removed.
[0020] For example, the upper anchor plate closes 8 to an existing structure with embedded anchor bolts. The upper anchor plate is designed for this purpose.8 injection channels 37 as well as recesses 38 for bolts 39 Finally, sliding plates are also indicated in the various figures of the drawing. 45 , 46 , which are connected to the respective sliding layer explained above 16 or 20 interact with each other in a low-friction sliding manner and with the relevant part of the building bearing 2 (i.e. the sliding body 9 or the upper bearing plate 7 ) are bonded over their entire surface. (Alternative methods for fixing the sliding plates) 45 , 46 Examples include circumferential welds, screws or rivets, possibly in conjunction with the insertion of the relevant sliding plate. 45 , 46 in an associated recess.)
[0021] In a variation of the one in the Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 shown, above explained building site 2 This indicates that Fig. 5 constructed building camps 2' two on the upper bearing plate 7' executed guide elements 24 on, which are in the form of two from the upper bearing plate 7' downward-projecting, the lower bearing plate 4' laterally encircling guide rails 25 are executed. At this construction site 2' This results in a translational movement of the two bearing plates. 4' and 7' with respect to each other in the transverse direction to the longitudinal direction of the bridge B , i.e. parallel to the first axis X1 Direction of movement was prevented. The building's storage area 2' It therefore has three degrees of freedom: two rotational and one translational. Regarding the displacement of the upper bearing plate... 7' regarding the sliding body 9' parallel to the second axis X2 (and in the longitudinal direction of the bridge) B ) act between the respective guide rail25 and the associated edge of the lower bearing plate 4' two pairs of sliding pads each 26 , for example, from a steel / PTFE pairing.
[0022] Furthermore, the building's storage area corresponds to 2' after Fig. 5 according to the one Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, so that reference is made to the above explanations.
[0023] The in Fig. 6. Schematically illustrated embodiment of the building support 2" differs from the one explained above according to the Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 primarily because the sliding body is located here 9" It is made up of several parts. It includes the lower opposite surface. 13 having first sliding body part 40 and one the upper opposite surface 15 having the second sliding body part 41 The two sliding body parts 40 , 41 are around a vertical axis X3rotatable relative to each other. The lower, first sliding body part has this feature. 40 via a pivot 42 , which into a corresponding recording of the upper, second sliding body part 41 protrudes into it.
[0024] The first sliding body part 40 and the second sliding body part 41 lie above assigned, to the vertical axis X3 Vertical, planar rotary-sliding surfaces abut each other. The first sliding body part 40 has a sliding layer forming the relevant rotary sliding surface 43 on, which is formed by a corresponding pocket-shaped receptacle of the first sliding body part. 40 inserted PTFE plate 44 is formed. The building camp 2" after Fig. 6 indicates the mobility of the upper bearing plate 7" regarding the lower bearing plate 4"As far as we're concerned, there are a total of five degrees of freedom, namely three rotational and two translational. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature
[0000] DE 29613031 U1
[0002] EP 2989253 B1
[0007] Cited non-patent literature
[0000] DIN EN 1337-7:2004
[0005]
Claims
[1] A structure comprising a load-bearing first structural part (1) and a second structural part (3) supported thereon via a structural bearing (2; 2'; 2"), wherein the structural bearing (2; 2'; 2") comprises a lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") fixedly connected to the first structural part (1), an upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") fixedly connected to the second structural part (3), and a sliding body (9; 9'; 9") arranged between the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"), transmitting vertical force from the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") to the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4"), having the following features: - the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") has a concave cylindrical lower sliding surface (10) with a horizontal first axis (X1) and a first radius of curvature (R1); - the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") has a concave cylindrical upper sliding surface (11) with a horizontal second axis (X2) and a second radius of curvature (R2); - the first axis (X1) and the second axis (X2) are skew relative to each other; - the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") has a convex cylindrical lower counter-surface (13), via which it is in sliding contact with the lower sliding surface (10) of the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4"), and a convex cylindrical upper counter-surface (15), via which it is in sliding contact with the upper sliding surface (11) of the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"); - the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") is displaceable parallel to the first axis (X1) relative to the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and / or parallel to the second axis (X2) relative to the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"). [2] Structure according to claim 1, characterized bythat the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") is displaceable both parallel to the first axis (X1) relative to the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and parallel to the second axis (X2) relative to the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"). [3] Structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by that the first radius of curvature (R1) and the second radius of curvature (R2) differ from each other. [4] Structure according to claim 3, characterized by that the dimensions of the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") are larger parallel to the axis associated with the smaller radius of curvature than transverse to this. [5] Structure according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized by that the second radius (R2) is larger than the first radius (R1), preferably at least twice as large, particularly preferably at least four times as large. [6] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized bythat the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") is constructed in several parts such that it comprises a first sliding body part (40) having the lower counter surface (13) and a second sliding body part (41) which is rotatable about a vertical axis (X3) relative to the first sliding body part and has the upper counter surface (15). [7] Structure according to claim 6, characterized by that the first sliding body part (40) and the second sliding body part (41) lie flat against one another via associated flat rotary sliding surfaces perpendicular to the vertical axis (X3). [8] Structure according to claim 7, characterized by that the first sliding body part (40) and / or the second sliding body part (41) have a sliding layer (43) forming the relevant rotary sliding surface. [9] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized bythat the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") has a lower bearing plate base (18) and a lower sliding layer (16) forming the lower sliding surface (10) and / or the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") has an upper bearing plate base and an upper sliding layer forming the upper sliding surface (11). [10] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") has a lower counter-sliding layer forming the lower counter-surface (13) and / or an upper counter-sliding layer (20) forming the upper counter-surface (15). [11] Structure according to claims 9 and 10, characterized byin that in the region of the lower sliding contact zone (12) the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") has a lower bearing plate base (18) and a lower sliding layer (16) forming the lower sliding surface (10) and pressed into a pocket-shaped receptacle (17) of the lower bearing plate base (18), whereas in the region of the upper sliding contact zone (14) an upper counter-sliding layer (20) forming the upper counter-surface (15) is received in a pocket-shaped receptacle (21) of the sliding body (9; 9'; 9"). [12] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by that the friction coefficient of the sliding contact of the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") with the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") deviates from the friction coefficient of the sliding contact of the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") with the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"). [13] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized bythat anchor elements anchored in the associated structural part (1, 3) are attached to the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and / or to the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7"). [14] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") is mounted in a positionally fixed manner on a lower anchor plate (6) to which lower anchor elements (5) anchored in the first structural part (1) are attached, and / or the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") is mounted in a positionally fixed manner on an upper anchor plate (8) to which upper anchor elements anchored in the second structural part (3) are attached. [15] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that guide elements (24) projecting downwards and at least partially laterally overlapping the lower bearing plate (4') are provided on the upper bearing plate (7'). [16] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized bythat stops are provided on the lower bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") and / or the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") to limit the displacement path of the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") with respect to the respective bearing plate (4; 4'; 4") or (7; 7'; 7") parallel to the first or second axis (X1; X2). [17] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by that the extension of the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7") in the direction of the second axis (X2) is substantially smaller than in the horizontal direction perpendicular thereto. [18] Structure according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by that it is a bridge structure in which the first structural part (1) is formed by an abutment (W) and the second structural part (3) is formed by a superstructure (Ü), wherein the second axis (X2) is oriented in the bridge longitudinal direction (B) and the sliding body (9; 9'; 9") is displaceable at least parallel to the second axis (X2) relative to the upper bearing plate (7; 7'; 7").