Spacer fabric with a warp-knitted layer, composite material and cover

Abstract

According to one or more embodiments, a three-dimensional spacer fabric comprises a first knitted layer, a second knitted layer, and monofilament spacer threads extending between and connecting the first and second knitted layers. The first knitted layer comprises fringe stitches and inset stitches, which together form the first knitted layer, the second knitted layer comprising a knitted fabric formed by a mirror-image stitch configuration. The spacer fabric exhibits a compression deflection, measured according to ISO 3386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa. The spacer fabric can be attached to a cover material to form a cover.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REGISTRATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of the preliminary US application with serial number 63 / 167,216 dated March 29, 2021, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. TECHNICAL AREA

[0002] One or more embodiments relate to a spacer fabric with one or more warp-knitted layers, a composite material consisting of the spacer fabric and a cover formed from the spacer fabric. BACKGROUND

[0003] Spacer fabrics are versatile and can be used in many different applications. A spacer fabric is flexible and can therefore be easily bent. A spacer fabric can also be air-permeable. Furthermore, most spacer fabrics are durable.

[0004] Due to various advantageous properties of a spacer fabric, the spacer fabric can be used in various applications, including: furniture such as seats, mattresses and upholstered items; vehicle components such as air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned car seats, seat covers and covered panels such as door panels, consoles and headliners; and wearable items such as sports shoes and clothing.

[0005] Spacer fabrics can be used as composite materials. Advantageous composite materials comprise a spacer fabric sandwiched between a cover layer, which can be decorative and made of materials such as leather, vinyl, or textile, and a base layer, which can be rigid or flexible. SUMMARY

[0006] According to one or more embodiments, a three-dimensional spacer fabric is provided, comprising a first knitted layer, a second knitted layer, and monofilament spacer threads extending between and connecting the first and second knitted layers. In at least some embodiments, the first knitted layer comprises fringe stitches and inset stitches, which together form the first knitted layer, and the second knitted layer comprises a mesh fabric formed by a mirror-image mesh configuration. In at least some embodiments, the spacer fabric exhibits a compression force deflection, measured according to ISO 3386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa.

[0007] According to at least one other embodiment, a cover is provided comprising a cover layer with a top surface and a bottom surface, and a spacer fabric attached to the bottom surface of the leather cover. In at least one embodiment, the spacer fabric is a three-dimensional spacer fabric comprising a first knitted layer, a second knitted layer, and monofilament spacer threads extending between and connecting the first and second knitted layers. In at least some embodiments, the first knitted layer comprises fringe stitches and inset stitches, which together form the first knitted layer, and the second knitted layer comprises a knitted fabric exhibiting a compression force deflection, measured according to ISO 3386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa.

[0008] According to at least one other embodiment, a spacer fabric is provided comprising a first knitted layer, a second knitted layer, and spacer threads extending between and connecting the first and second knitted layers. The first knitted layer has a first thread formation and a second thread formation, the first thread formation being adjacent to the second thread formation. The first thread formation has alternating first and second row formations, the first row formation comprising a first plurality of rows, each of which is closed, and the second row formation comprising a second plurality of rows with at least one open row and at least one closed row.The second row formation has alternating third and fourth row formations, wherein the third row formation comprises a third plurality of rows with at least one open row and at least one closed row, and the fourth row formation comprises a fourth plurality of rows, each of which is closed. The first row formation is adjacent to the third row formation, and the second row formation is adjacent to the fourth row formation. List of characters Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a reference according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic, perspective view of a spacer network relating to Fig. 1. Fig. Figure 3 is an enlargement of a photograph of an embodiment of a first layer of the spacer fabric of Fig. 2. Fig.Figure 4 is an enlargement of a photograph of an embodiment of a second layer of the spacer fabric of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a Fig. Figure 4 shows a similar view and another embodiment of a second layer of the spacer fabric. Fig. 2. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a thread formation of the first layer of Fig. 3. Fig. 7A is a schematic view of an embodiment of a thread formation of the layer of Fig. 4. Fig. 7B is a schematic view of an embodiment of a thread formation of the layer of Fig. 5. Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic view of the thread formation, which comprises the first and second layers of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 connects. Fig. 9 is a Fig.Figure 4 shows a similar view and another embodiment of a second layer of the spacer fabric. Fig. 2. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a thread formation of the layer of Fig. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The following describes embodiments of the invention in detail. However, it should be noted that the embodiments described here are merely examples of the invention, which can also be embodied by various other embodiments. The figures are not necessarily to scale, and some parts may be enlarged or reduced to illustrate details of certain components. The specific details of the structure and function shown here are not to be considered limiting, but merely as a representative basis for the person skilled in the art who wishes to implement the invention.

[0010] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a representative cover layer 80 with a spacer fabric 10 according to the present invention. The cover layer 80 can be any composite material that can utilize the spacer layer 10 of the present invention and is shown here by way of example as a leather cover 80 for a vehicle seat, wherein a layer of leather 82 adheres to the spacer fabric 10. However, it should be clear that the composite material can also be a different composite material for a vehicle application or another application.

[0011] As schematically in Fig.As shown in Figure 2, the spacer layer 10 is a three-dimensional knitted fabric comprising a first knitted layer 12, a second knitted layer 14, and spacer threads 16 that extend between and connect the first and second knitted layers 12 and 14. The two knitted layers 12 and 14 have loops that extend in the longitudinal or machine direction as well as in the transverse or width direction. The spacer threads 16, which extend between and connect the first and second knitted layers 12 and 14, can be any suitable threads, such as monofilament threads.

[0012] The leather covering 80 shown has a layer of leather 82, but any other covering material such as imitation leather, a plastic such as vinyl, or textile layers can also be used. The covering layer of leather 82, i.e., the decorative layer, can be attached to the spacer fabric using any suitable technique such as sewing or gluing.

[0013] In a general embodiment, the first knitted layer 12 of the spacer layer 10 comprises a standard fringe stitch with a notation of 1-0, 0-1 and an inset stitch with a notation of 0-0, 3-3. These two stitches work together to help form a flexible knitted fabric, allowing a contour to be provided without significant creases when laminated onto leather or other materials. The first knitted layer 12 is generally the side of the spacer layer 10 that is laminated onto perforated leather or other covering material. In a general embodiment, the connecting spacer threads 16 are monofilament and comprise a four-row repeat with a stitch notation of 1-0, 2-1, 3-4, 2-3. This stitch helps to create a stable knitted connection that has good compression properties and prevents knitted overlap or uneven collapse under pressure.In at least one embodiment, the spacer fabric 10 exhibits a compression force deflection, measured according to ISO 3386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa, and in at least one other embodiment of 11 to 13 kPa. In a general embodiment, the second fabric layer 14 is a mesh face consisting of two pattern bars with mirror-image mesh formations. These two bars of mesh formations work together to help create a mesh that contributes to improved airflow properties and an advantageous degree of flexibility. In at least one embodiment, the spacer fabric 10 exhibits an air permeability, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of 3,800 to 4,800 l / dm². 2 xmin and in another embodiment from 4,000 to 4,400 l / dm³ 2xmin. In at least some embodiments, the spacer fabric 10 comprises a knit structure ideally suited for use in car seat applications, employing, for example, a perforated outer layer of leather or another material and the spacer fabric 10 as an inner layer laminated onto the perforated outer layer. The spacer fabric 10 can offer good airflow properties while simultaneously being supportive and flexible.

[0014] Enlarged views of an exemplary embodiment of the second knitted layer 14 are shown in Fig. 3 shown. From Fig. Figure 3 shows that the second knitted layer 14 has an open mesh structure. The open mesh structure of the second knitted layer 14 has a plurality of openings 54, which are defined by generally parallel rows of the knitted fabric 15 that intersect generally perpendicular rows of the knitted fabric 17 at intersections 19. In the embodiment of Fig.3. The openings 54 extend elongated in the production direction. The openings 54 can be of any suitable size, having, in at least one embodiment, independently a length of 4.7 to 16 mm (3 / 16 to 10 / 16 in) and a width of 0.80 to 3.18 mm (1 / 32 to 4 / 32 in). In at least one other embodiment, the openings 54 have, independently a length of 6.3 to 12.7 mm (4 / 16 to 8 / 16 in) and a width of 0.80 to 2.4 mm (1 / 32 to 3 / 32 in), and in at least one other embodiment, independently a length of 9.5 mm (3 / 8 in) and a width of 3.18 mm (2 / 16 in). Most or even all of the openings fall within the areas mentioned above, although it should be noted that some openings may also lie outside the areas mentioned above without thereby exceeding the scope of the invention.In at least one embodiment, the second knitted layer 14 has an open area of ​​30 to 75% based on the total area of ​​the second knitted layer, and in another embodiment, 40 to 60% based on the total area of ​​the second knitted layer. The mesh side helps to provide sufficient airflow (air permeability) and flexibility, which can help to prevent creasing when laminating onto leather or another covering material.

[0015] Enlarged views of an exemplary embodiment of the first knitted layer 12, 12' and 12" are shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 9 shown. How best in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig.As can be seen in Figure 9, the first knitted layer 12, 12' and 12'' also has an open mesh structure. The open mesh structure of the first knitted layer 12, 12' and 12'' has a plurality of openings 21, 21' and 21'', which are generally smaller than the plurality of openings 54 of the second knitted layer 14. Therefore, the first knitted layer 12 is generally smoother than the second knitted layer 14, at least in some embodiments. Thus, while the knitted layer 12'' has a substantially solid structure, its openings 21'' are smaller than the openings 21 and 21', making the structure even more solid.

[0016] The openings 21, 21' and 21" in the first knitted layer 12, 12' and 12" can be of any suitable size, having, in at least one embodiment, independently a length and width of 0.40 to 3.175 mm (1 / 64 to 1 / 8 inch), in at least another embodiment, independently a length and width of 0.40 to 0.16 mm (1 / 64 to 1 / 16 inch), and in a further embodiment, a length and width of 0.8 mm (1 / 32 inch). While most or even all of the openings 21, 21' and 21" fall within the aforementioned ranges, some of them may also lie outside these ranges without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. In at least one embodiment, the first knitted layer 12, 12' and 12" has an open area of ​​60 to 90% based on the total area of ​​the first knitted layer, and in another embodiment, 65 to 85% based on the total area of ​​the first knitted layer.The first layers of the knitted fabric have a generally flat side that is laminated onto the leather or other upholstery material. This flat, essentially non-knit side features the two stitch formations that make up the flat side and accepts the laminated leather. The two stitch formations help ensure flexibility, which can help prevent wrinkling when laminating onto leather or another upholstery material.

[0017] An exemplary mesh formation of the second knitted layer 14 is shown schematically in Fig. 6 shown. The mesh formation creates a knitted fabric as schematically shown in Fig.Figure 3 shows that in at least one embodiment, the second layer 14 has a first yarn formation 11 and a second yarn formation 13, wherein the first yarn formation 11 is a mirror image of the second yarn formation 13. In at least one embodiment, a twin-needle bar raschel knitting machine uses two pattern bars to create a stitch pattern with 12-24 rows for each stitch opening 54, and in another embodiment with 18 rows for each stitch opening 54. In the embodiments described here, the stitch formations are exact mirror images of each other. In at least one embodiment, the first and second yarn formations 11 and 13 comprise alternating first and second row patterns. In one embodiment, the stitch pattern repetition totals 30 rows, namely 15 & 15 (15 rows per opening).In one embodiment, the stitches comprise a repeating notation (3-4, 3-2) x 6, 3-4, 3-2, 2-1 (1-0, 1-2) x 6, 1-0, 1-2, 2-3 and (1-0, 1-2) x 6, 1-0, 1-2, 2-3, (3-4, 3-2) x 6, 3-4, 3-2, 2-1, but other similar stitch formations may also be used as long as they are two stitch formations that mirror each other and interact to create a stitch pattern.

[0018] Exemplary mesh formations of the first knitted layer 12 and 12' are shown schematically in Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B shown. In Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B are exemplary mesh formations of the first knitted layers 12 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 each shown schematically, with the first knitted layer 12 of Fig. 4 in Fig. 7A is shown and the first knitted layer 12' of Fig. 5 in Fig. 7B is shown.

[0019] In at least one embodiment, as in Fig.Figure 7A shows the first layer 12 a first thread formation 20 and a second thread formation 22, where the first thread formation is not a mirror image of the second thread formation 22.

[0020] In at least one embodiment, the first thread formation 20 comprises alternating first and second row patterns 26 and 28. In the following description, the rows are numbered sequentially, starting with the first row on the left side of the figure. In at least one embodiment, formations 20 and 22 comprise, as in Fig.Figure 7A shows the first row pattern 26 comprising a first plurality of rows 30, wherein the first row is an open stitch, the second row is an open stitch, and the third row is a closed stitch. At least in the embodiment shown, all rows in the first plurality of rows 30 are in the same row of needles. At least in this embodiment, the second row pattern 28 comprises three rows in the same row of needles, extending over two needles to the left of the first row pattern 26. In the embodiment shown, the second row pattern 28 comprises three rows, namely the fourth, fifth, and sixth rows. In this embodiment, the fourth row is an open stitch, the fifth row is a floating stitch, and the sixth row is an open stitch. In the embodiment shown, the first and second row patterns 26 and 28 then repeat in the same pattern as described above and in Fig.7A shows the first and second row patterns 26 and 28.

[0021] In at least one embodiment, as in formations 20 and 22 of Fig. Figure 7A shows the second thread formation 22 alternating third and fourth row patterns 40 and 42. In at least one embodiment, the third row formation 40 comprises a third plurality of rows 44, which include at least one floating row 46 and at least one open row 48, and the fourth row pattern 42 comprises a fourth plurality of rows 50 with two open rows and one closed row 50. In the embodiment of Fig.7A comprises the third plurality of rows 44, wherein the first row is an open stitch, the second row is a floating stitch, and the third row is an open stitch. In at least the embodiment shown, all rows in the third plurality of rows 44 are in the same row of needles. In at least this embodiment, the fourth row pattern 50 comprises three rows in the same row of needles, extending two needles to the right, i.e., in the opposite direction to the second plurality of rows 32, of the third row formation 40. In the embodiment shown, the fourth row pattern 50 comprises three rows, namely the fourth, fifth, and sixth rows. In this embodiment, the fourth row is an open stitch, the fifth row is an open stitch, and the sixth row is a closed stitch.In the embodiment shown, the third and fourth row patterns 40 and 42 are then repeated in the same pattern as those described above and in . Fig. 7A, third and fourth row patterns 40 and 42. In at least the embodiment of Fig. 7A Each set of the first and third row patterns 26 and 40 and the second and fourth row patterns 28 and 42 exhibits a row pattern with a closed row as in the first and fourth row patterns 26 and 42 and a row pattern with a floating row as in the second and fourth row patterns 28 and 40. Thus, each opposite row exhibits a floating row and a closed row in its plurality of rows, and each linearly adjacent row exhibits a closed row and a floating row in its plurality of rows.

[0022] In at least one embodiment, as in formations 20' and 22', the first knitted layer 12' comprises Fig. Figure 7B shows the first row pattern 26' comprising three rows, wherein the first row is an open stitch, the second row is a floating stitch, and the third row is an open stitch. In at least the embodiment shown, all rows in the first row pattern 26' are in the same needle row. In at least this embodiment, the second row pattern 28' comprises three rows in the same needle row, extending over two needles to the right of the first row pattern 26'. In the embodiment shown, the second row pattern 28' comprises three rows, namely the fourth, fifth, and sixth rows. In this embodiment, the fourth row is an open stitch, the fifth row is a floating stitch, and the sixth row is an open stitch. In the embodiment shown, the first and second row patterns 26' and 28' then repeat in the same pattern as described above and in Fig.7B shows the first and second row patterns 26' and 28'.

[0023] In at least one embodiment, as in formations 20' and 22' of Fig.Figure 7B shows the second thread formation 22' alternating third and fourth row patterns 40 and 42. In at least one embodiment, the third row formation 40' comprises three rows, wherein the first row is an open stitch, the second row is an open stitch, and the third row is a closed stitch. In at least the embodiment shown, all rows in the third plurality of rows 44' are in the same needle row. In at least this embodiment, the fourth row pattern 42' comprises three rows in the same needle row, extending one needle to the right, i.e., in the opposite direction to the second row pattern 28', of the third row pattern. In the embodiment shown, the fourth row pattern 42' comprises three rows, namely the fourth, fifth, and sixth rows. In this embodiment, the fourth row is an open stitch, the fifth row is an open stitch, and the sixth row is a closed stitch.In the embodiment shown, the third and fourth row patterns 40' and 42' are repeated in . Fig. 7B then in the same pattern as described above and in Fig. 7A shows the third and fourth row patterns 40 and 42.

[0024] An exemplary row formation of the spacer threads 16 is shown schematically in Fig.Figure 8 shows that in at least this embodiment, the connecting spacer threads 16 are monofilament and comprise a four-row repeat. In at least the embodiment shown, the connecting spacer threads 16 have a stitch notation of 1-0, 2-1, 3-4, 2-3. This stitch helps to create a stable knitted joint that exhibits good compression properties and prevents knitted overlap or uneven collapse under pressure. The spacer threads 16 provide a central joining area that allows a maintained thickness of approximately 10 mm and can be mechanically adjusted to provide other thicknesses.

[0025] An enlarged view of another exemplary embodiment of the first knitted layer 12" is shown in Fig. 9 shown. As in Fig.As shown in Figure 9, the first knitted layer 12" also has an open mesh structure, which is a more solid / smoother knitted structure than layers 12 and 12'. The open mesh structure of the first knitted layer 12" has a plurality of openings 21" that are generally smaller than the plurality of openings 54 of the second knitted layer 14. As a result, the first knitted layer 12" is, at least in certain embodiments, generally smoother than the second knitted layer 14.

[0026] In at least one embodiment, as in Fig. Figure 10 shows the first layer 12", a first thread formation 20", and a second thread formation 22", where the first thread formation 20" is not a mirror image of the second thread formation 22".

[0027] In at least one embodiment, the first yarn formation 20" has alternating first and second row patterns 26" and 28" with standard open fringe stitches. In the following description, sequential numbering is used for the rows, starting with the row on the left side of the figure. In at least one embodiment, as in formations 20" and 22", the first yarn formation 20" comprises alternating first and second row patterns 26" and 28" with standard open fringe stitches. Fig.Figure 10 shows the first row pattern 26", a first row, wherein the first row is an open stitch, and the second row pattern 28", a second row, which is an open stitch. In at least one embodiment, the open fringe stitches 26" and 28" alternate in one direction to provide a relatively low yarn torque during the knitting process. In at least the embodiment shown, the first yarn formation comprises an open fringe stitch with a repeating notation of 1-0, 0-1. In at least the embodiment shown, the rows in the first row pattern 26" are in the same needle row. In other embodiments, other fringe stitch formations may be used, as long as wrinkling during lamination onto leather or another covering material is prevented.

[0028] In at least one embodiment, as in the 20" and 22" formations of Fig.Figure 10 shows the second thread formation 22' alternating third and fourth row patterns 40" and 42" with insert stitches. In at least one embodiment, the insert stitches comprise rows formed in the alternately spaced needle rows, such as in the needle rows spaced 2-6 needle rows from adjacent needle rows, and in other embodiments, 3-5 needle rows from adjacent needle rows. In at least the embodiment shown, the third and fourth row formations 40" and 41" comprise a plurality of rows 40" and 44" extending over three needles. In other embodiments, the rows 40" and 44" may also extend over more or fewer than three needles. In at least the embodiment shown, the first thread formation comprises an insert stitch with a repeating notation of 0-0, 3-3.In at least one embodiment, other stitches can also be used as insert stitches, as long as wrinkling during lamination onto leather or another covering material is prevented.

[0029] In at least one embodiment, the spacer layer 10 has a thickness of 8-12 mm, in another embodiment of 8.5-11 mm and in a further embodiment of 10 mm.

[0030] The following Tables 1-3 specify properties of an embodiment of a spacer layer 10. TABLE 1 TEST CHARACTERISTIC UNITS TEST SPECIFICATION ONE FORM OF EXECUTION OTHER FORM FURTHER VERSION Weight Weight g / m 2 GMW3182 500-650 550-600 547,83 thickness thickness mm ISO 5084 8,0-12,0 8,5-11 10,22 Condensation Condensation mg GMW3235 0,4-0,65 0,45-0,6 0,52 Odor Odor N / A GMW3205 7-9- 7,5-8,5 8 Mold Mold N / A GMW3259 no mold no mold no mold Compression force deflection Compression force deflection kPa ISO3386-1 10-15 11,5-13,5 12,5 ISO / BMW air permeability D12 / 1S Air permeability mm / s ISO / BMW air permeability D12 / 1S 800-1.200 925-1.100 1.024,7 ISO / BMW air permeability BMW1 Air permeability mm / s ISO / BMW air permeability BMW1 3.000-5.500 3.500-5.000 4.289 Air permeability Air permeability 1 / dm 2 xmin DIN EN ISO 9237 1.400-2.000 1.500-1.750 1.638 TABLE 2 TEST CHARACTERISTIC UNITS TEST SPECIFICATION FIRST VERSION (MD) ADDITIONAL VERSION (MD) OTHER VERSION (MD) Breaking strength Breaking strength N GMW3010 150-300 175-255 193,3 Trapezial tear Tear resistance N GMW3326 50-150 75-125 102,37 Pants rip Tear resistance N ISO 13937-2 20-40 25-35 31,09 Linear expansion Linear expansion N GMW3010 12-18 13-17 15,2 Stretching Stretching & Rebound % GMW3211 20-40 25-35 31 Provision Stretching & Rebound % GMW3211 1-8 2-6 4 TABLE 3 TEST CHARACTERISTIC UNITS TEST SPECIFICATION FIRST VERSION (AMD) ADDITIONAL VERSION (AMD) OTHER VERSION (AMD) Breaking strength Breaking strength N GMW3010 170-325 200-250 215 Trapezial tear Tear resistance N GMW3326 30-50 37-45 41,3 Pants rip Tear resistance N ISO 13937-2 10-30 15-27 18-24 Linear expansion Linear expansion N GMW3010 12-18 13-17 14,6 Stretching Stretching & Rebound % 20-40 25-35 30 Provision Stretching & Rebound % GMW3211 1-8 1,5-6 3

[0031] Exemplary embodiments have been described above, but the invention is not limited to these. The description is to be understood as exemplary and not restrictive, and various modifications to the embodiments described here can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, features of different embodiments can be combined to form further embodiments of the invention. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 63 / 167216

[0001]

Claims

[1] Three-dimensional spacer fabric comprising: a first layer of fabric, a second knitted layer, and monofilament spacer threads that extend between the first and second layers of the knitted fabric and connect them together, wherein the first knitted layer consists of fringed stitches and inset stitches, which together form the first knitted layer, wherein the second knitted layer comprises a mesh fabric formed by a mirror-image mesh formation, and wherein the spacer fabric exhibits a compression force deflection, as measured by IS03386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa. [2] Spacer fabric according to claim 1, wherein the spacer fabric has an air permeability, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of 3,800 to 4,800 l / dm². 2 exhibits xmin. [3] Spacer fabric according to claim 1, wherein the fringe meshes comprise open fringe meshes. [4] Spacer fabric according to claim 3, wherein the open fringed meshes alternate in one direction. [5] Spacer fabric according to claim 4, wherein the inset stitches comprise rows formed in alternatingly spaced needle rows. [6] Spacer fabric according to claim 5, wherein alternately spaced needle rows are spaced 3-5 needle rows apart from adjacent needle rows. [7] Spacer fabric according to claim 3, wherein the open fringe stitches have a repeating notation of 1-0, 0-1 and the inset stitches have a repeating notation of 0-0, 3-3. [8] Spacer fabric according to claim 2, wherein the mesh fabric has spaced openings with a length of 4.7 to 16 mm and a width of 0.80 to 3.18 mm. [9] Spacer fabric according to claim 8, wherein the monofilament spacer threads have a four-row repetition. [10] Spacer fabric according to claim 9, wherein the monofilament spacer threads have a repeating stitch notation of 1-0, 2-1, 3-4, 2-3. [11] Reference, comprehensive: a reference layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a spacer fabric attached to the lower surface of the reference layer, the spacer fabric comprising: a three-dimensional spacer fabric that includes: a first layer of fabric, a second knitted layer, and monofilament spacer threads that extend between the first and second layers of the knitted fabric and connect them together, wherein the first knitted layer consists of fringed stitches and inset stitches, which together form the first knitted layer, and wherein the second knitted layer consists of a mesh fabric formed by a mirror-image mesh formation, wherein the spacer fabric exhibits a compression force deflection, as measured by IS03386-1, in the machine direction (MD) of 10 to 15 kPa. [12] Cover according to claim 11, wherein the cover layer consists of leather. [13] Reference according to claim 11, wherein the spacer fabric has an air permeability, measured according to DIN EN ISO 9237, of 3,800 to 4,800 l / dm². 2 has a minimum value. [14] Reference to claim 11, wherein the fringe stitches comprise open fringe stitches. [15] Reference according to claim 14, wherein the open fringe meshes alternate in one direction. [16] Reference according to claim 15, wherein the inset stitches comprise rows formed in alternatingly spaced needle rows. [17] Reference according to claim 16, wherein the alternately spaced rows of needles are spaced 3-5 rows apart from adjacent rows of needles. [18] Reference according to claim 17, wherein the open fringe stitches have a repeating notation of 1-0, 0-1 and the inset stitches have a repeating notation of 0-0, 3-3. [19] Reference according to claim 13, wherein the mesh fabric has spaced-apart openings with a length of 4.7 to 16 mm and a width of 0.80 to 3.18 mm. [20] Spacer fabric, comprising: a first layer of fabric, a second knitted layer, and Spacer threads that extend between the first and second layers of the knitted fabric and connect them together, wherein the first knitted layer has a first yarn pattern and a second yarn pattern, wherein the first yarn pattern is adjacent to the second yarn pattern, wherein the first thread pattern comprises alternating first and second row patterns, wherein the first row pattern comprises a closed row and the second row pattern comprises a floating row, wherein the second thread pattern comprises alternating third and fourth row patterns, wherein the third row pattern comprises a floating row and the fourth row pattern comprises a closed row, where the first row pattern is adjacent to the third row pattern and the second row pattern is adjacent to the fourth row pattern.