Mounting frame for attaching objects in a vehicle

Abstract

Mounting frame (40) for fastening objects in a vehicle (100), comprising a frame (41) formed from a profile, which is fastened to the vehicle (100) via a fastening device (1) of the mounting frame (40), a fastening plate (42) which is connected to the frame (41) at least at its edge portion, and at least one mounting receptacle which is fastened to the fastening plate (42) by means of fastening means and is designed to receive objects to be transported, wherein the fastening plate (42) has correspondingly arranged fastening receptacles (422) for fastening the at least one mounting receptacle, wherein the fastening device (1) further comprises at least one mounting rail (20) which is fastened to a vehicle structure, with at least one groove (21) arranged along at least a partial area of the mounting rail (20), a guide element (24) which is arranged in the groove (21) of the mounting rail (20) and whose cross-section is designed such that the guide element (24) is movable in the longitudinal direction of the mounting rail (20) within the groove (21), but immovable perpendicular to any transverse direction of the mounting rail (20), and a fastening element (10) with at least one fastening section (11) and one mounting section (12), wherein the at least one fastening section (11) is designed to be connected to the frame (41) and the mounting section (12) is fastened to the guide element (24) by means of at least one fastening means, and wherein a defined angle is further provided between the at least one fastening section (11) and the one mounting section (12).

Description

The invention relates to a mounting frame for fastening objects in a vehicle and to a vehicle having a mounting frame according to the invention.In the context of the application, a mounting frame is understood to mean a device to which various objects can be fastened by means of further auxiliary means in the form of holders which can be mounted on the mounting frame. It thereby offers the possibility of flexibly fixing the holders on the frame and accommodating different auxiliary means as required via uniform fastening systems. In this way, a flexible fastening system can be provided by a mounting frame.From document US 5 193 700 A a monthly possibility for the transport of articles is known, in which depressions are arranged in a base plate, which depressions extend linearly and into which retaining elements can be inserted and freely placed, which then secure the article to be transported on the base plate. Document DE 10 2015 101 529 A1 discloses a multi-shell side wall of a transport container, wherein openings are provided in an inner wall. Behind the openings, a specially designed guide device is designed to prevent corrosive bulk material in the area of the cavity between the inner wall and the outer wall. Document U.S. Pat. No. 6,789,714 B1 discloses a fastening system, in particular for tools, having fastening structures to which individual objects can be attached.In particular, manual operations require vehicles with a vehicle superstructure, by means of which they can transport a wide variety of objects in a flexible, secure manner and with the maximum possible use of space. The objects to be transported extend from simple tools or tool cases, more particularly tools which are less frequently required, to raw materials and semi-finished products of a wide variety of shapes, stability, weights and materials. For this purpose, in particular vehicles with total weights of up to 7.5 t are used. In order to be able to store the load in the vehicle in the best possible manner, the vehicle superstructure must provide as many storage and fastening possibilities as possible. The interior fitting should be adaptable as flexibly as possible to the corresponding requirements of the different transport goods. For transporting the transported goods per se, such as tools, cleaning agents, raw materials or semi-finished products, in particular also mounting mounts, such as special holders or mounting plates matched to specific tools, to which the corresponding transported goods can then be fastened, are used in order to ensure as stable a securing of the transported goods as possible, that is to say of the load.According to the prior art, such mounting mounts are usually made via specific fastening devices on the vehicle or on the vehicle structure. In the context of the application, stability-imparting elements of the vehicle are referred to as vehicle structure. Such elements are to be understood as meaning, in addition to the vehicle frame, in particular struts in the body of the vehicle structure, in particular in the part of the body delimiting the cargo space. These elements of the vehicle structure are capable of absorbing force and thus represent the stable framework of the vehicle. However, this has the disadvantage that flexibility cannot usually be ensured, so that, in the case of different materials to be transported, there is a more or less complicated conversion.In addition to the practical aspect, two further aspects must be taken into account in this case. On the one hand, in particular, the specifications and guidelines with respect to charge protection that are necessary for road approval of a vehicle should also be taken into account. These prescribe that, in the event of a crash with accelerations of up to 20 G, the load fastened in the vehicle superstructure must not be released from its fastening to the vehicle in order to minimize risks, in particular for persons located in the vehicle. This means that a fastening system must ensure that the transported goods loaded in the vehicle do not become detached from their fastening even in the case of large accelerations and can move freely in the vehicle. In direct fastening systems in which the force is introduced directly into the vehicle structure, for example by simply screwing mounting mounts (transport mounts) onto the vehicle structure, the problem usually arises here that the forces which occur, for example, even in the event of a lighter accident, lead rapidly to deformation and damage to the vehicle structure on account of the direct introduction of force. This requires either complicated and expensive repair measures, or the vehicle becomes total damage directly.Furthermore, in addition to the purely safety aspect, the aspect of quality assurance is also to be considered, since it is the own interest of an operation to be able to deliver the objects to be transported by the operator in an undamaged state to the customer. In this case, inadequate charge protection by movable, in particular freely movable, parts represents a high risk for damage of any type which is to be avoided.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for transporting objects in a vehicle, with the aid of which device both the flexibility during transport can be improved and the specifications and guidelines applicable for charge transport can be complied with, wherein furthermore in the event of an accident the damage which has occurred should be kept as low as possible. It is likewise an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle having a device according to the invention.This object is achieved by the subject matter of claims 1 and 8. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are contained in the dependent claims.The mounting frame according to the invention for fastening objects in a vehicle has a frame formed from a profile, which is fastened to the vehicle via a fastening device. Profile is understood to mean a defined cross section which extends constantly over the entire frame. Common profiles have an L-shape, H-shape, T-shape or a U-shape or a planar cross section. Further profiles have a more complex cross-sectional geometry with cavities. Hollow profiles or profiles without a fully closed cross section, in particular angle profiles, are preferably used for the frame. Such profiles are easy to produce by different production methods and allow a stable and yet light frame. Furthermore, the mounting frame has a fastening plate which is connected to the frame at least at its edge section. Furthermore, at least one mounting receptacle is provided, which is fastened on the fastening plate by means of fastening means and is designed to receive objects to be transported. According to the invention, the fastening plate has fastening receptacles arranged accordingly for fastening the at least one mounting receptacle. Fastening receptacles are understood to be, for example, threads which are used for fastening the mounting receptacle to the fastening plate by means of the fastening means, for example in the form of screws. The fastening can likewise be effected by screws in combination with nuts, wherein only one cutout is provided in the fastening plate as a fastening receptacle.Within the scope of the invention, a mounting receptacle or transport holder is understood to mean a device which makes it possible to fasten certain objects to it, in particular for transport. These are understood to mean, in particular, mounting devices which are explicitly provided for receiving and securely fastening specific tools or objects. They are therefore usually designed in a tool-specific or specific manner on the object to be fastened. Such mounting devices can be obtained, for example, from manufacturers of tools who offer them for safe storage of their tools. Likewise, a perforated plate is to be understood, for example, as a mounting receptacle, on which tools can be mounted by means of corresponding mounting devices. Perforated metal sheets offer the advantage that the arrangement of the tools and other objects to be fastened can be freely divided, thereby providing the flexibility of the arrangement.The mounting receptacle is therefore preferably designed as a perforated plate and / or mounting device.By means of the mounting frame according to the invention, a flexible possibility for attaching objects can thus be provided, since the mounting receptacles can be arranged as desired. The mounting frame additionally has the advantage over conventional possibilities that the energy which can be absorbed by the mounting frame to a large extent due to strong accelerations on the fastened object, for example in the case of an accident, and thus damage to the vehicle structure and also surrounding objects can be avoided. In the case of large accelerations, for example in the event of an accident, the kinetic energy of the fastened objects is passed on to the fastening plate and the frame via the mounting devices which usually absorb no force or only little force. These are capable of dissipating energy by deformation, so that the energy introduced into the vehicle structure via the fastening device is at least partially dissipated and does not result in damage to the vehicle structure, in particular the vehicle body. A secure fastening possibility can thus be ensured.Preferably, the frame and / or the fastening plate is made of aluminum. Aluminum is an easy, easily processable raw material which has sufficient strength. In addition, aluminum has favorable deformation properties.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mounting receptacle completely fills a surface on the fastening plate defined by the frame. In this way, the stability of the mounting frame can be further improved, since the mounting receptacle thus reinforces the fastening plate within the frame.Preferably, the frame further comprises at least one strut, wherein in particular the fastening plate is connected to the at least one strut. The stability of the frame is improved by the bracing, wherein the area defined by the frame is also divided into smaller sections. The divided sections in this case correspond in particular preferably to the size of the mounting receptacles to be mounted there, so that they fill the divided sections as completely as possible.According to the invention, the fastening device has at least one mounting rail which is fastened to a vehicle structure, wherein the mounting rail has at least one groove arranged along at least one partial region of the mounting rail. Furthermore, the fastening device has a guide element which is arranged in the groove of the mounting rail and the cross section of which is designed such that the guide element is itself arranged movably in the longitudinal direction of the mounting rail within the groove, but immovably perpendicular to each transverse direction of the mounting rail. Smaller movements in the transverse direction of the mounting rail are negligible because of play between the groove and the guide element. The longitudinal direction of the mounting rail is defined by the orientation of the groove. Furthermore, the fastening element has at least one fastening section and one mounting section, wherein the mounting section is fastened to the guide element by means of at least one fastening means, such as a screw or the like, and the fastening section is designed to be connected to the frame. Furthermore, a defined angle, in particular a 90 degree angle, is provided between the mounting portion and the at least one fastening portion.As stated above, the guide element is movable within the groove on its own. This is to be understood to mean that the guide element is displaceable in the groove without the fastening element. However, by fastening the fastening element to the guide element, the guide element is braced against the groove and pressed against it. As a result, the friction between the guide element and the groove is greatly increased, so that during normal operation of the vehicle, that is to say outside an accident, no movement of the guide element in the groove can take place. This results in a rigid system.By means of the fastening device formed in this way, it is accordingly possible to provide and transport the mounting frame. A simple change in position of the fastening element can take place via the guide element in the groove of the mounting rail, wherein the position on the mounting rail can be freely selected. By means of such a fastening device, in the event of an accident, different stages of energy absorption can be ensured, wherein only the fastening element itself is deformed in the event of low energy acting. This can be replaced simply and favorably, so that the functionality of the fastening device can be easily restored overall.Furthermore, an embodiment of the invention is preferred in which a securing node consisting of an upper node section and a lower node section is located between the at least one fastening section and the mounting section of the fastening element, wherein the upper node section is connected to the at least one fastening section or the mounting section and the lower node section is connected to the corresponding other section. Furthermore, a rivet is provided which extends through both the upper node section and the lower node section. The phrase "connected" is understood here to mean that the corresponding node section is connected in an inextricable manner to the corresponding fastening section or mounting section. This can be achieved, for example, via a cohesive connection or preferably implemented in such a way that the node section is produced integrally with the corresponding mounting section or fastening section, for example, by a bending step. By means of such a securing node, the force which can be absorbed by the fastening element can be increased further and thus a further element can be created which can absorb force in the event of an accident. In such an embodiment, the rivet would first be destroyed before an appreciable deformation of the fastening element takes place. Preferably, in such a securing node, the upper and lower node sections are arranged parallel to one another.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fastening element further comprises at least one guide portion which is arranged within the groove in the mounting rail and is designed to prevent a movement of the fastening element in the transverse direction to the mounting rail. By such a guide portion, another member for securing the fastening device can be provided, which prevents the fastening member from coming off the mounting rail. It is thus to be understood as a securing means for fastening to the mounting rail in addition to the fastening of the fastening element to the mounting rail by means of at least one fastening means on the guide element. Preferably, the guide section is arranged behind the guide element in the groove in the direction of travel, so that in the event of a force in the event of a frontal accident, the guide section presses against the guide element in the direction of travel and the energy thus applied can be dissipated by the high friction between the mounting rail and the fastening element.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mounting rail has at least one threading opening in the groove, which is formed in such a way that the guide element and / or a guide section arranged on the fastening element can be introduced into the groove through said insertion openings. The flexibility of the system can be further increased by such threading openings, since individual fastening elements can also be disassembled or assembled in the middle of the mounting rail without having to thread the corresponding guide element or fastening element into the groove via the end face of the mounting rail.The vehicle according to the invention has at least one mounting frame according to the invention.In the following, advantageous aspects and embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail with reference to the enclosed figures. They show: FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the invention FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the invention in the mounted state FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the invention in a vehicle 100 FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of a fastening device 1 of an embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the inventionFIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a first embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the invention, wherein the illustration of a fastening device of the mounting frame 40 has been omitted. The mounting frame 40 comprises a rectangular frame 41 having a strut 411 extending between two opposite sides of the frame 41 and stabilizing the frame 41. The frame 41 and the strut 41 have a profile with cavities which ensures the stability of the frame 41 but has a lower weight than a frame with a completely filled cross section. In order to protect the corners of the frame 41 from mechanical action and also provide shock protection for persons, a corner guard 46 is provided at each corner.A fixing plate 42 is fixed to the frame 41 via the edge portion of the fixing plate 42. For this purpose, screw holes 421 are provided in the fastening plate 42 in order to screw them firmly to the frame 41. Furthermore, the mounting frame 40 has two mounting receptacles in the form of a perforated plate 43 and a mounting device 44. In this case, the two mounting receptacles completely fill the space on the fastening plate 42 provided by the frame 41 and the strut 411, and thus stabilize the mounting frame 40 due to their rigidity.In addition to the embodiment shown, embodiments are also conceivable in which the fastening plate 42 and the frame 41 are embodied in one piece and thus the frame 41 together with the fastening plate 42 are produced, for example, by bending and deep-drawing methods.FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the mounting frame 40 according to the invention, wherein two braces 411, which are perpendicular to one another, are provided in the frame 41. The frame 41 thus divides the fastening plate 42 (see FIG. 1 ) into four sections, wherein a mounting receptacle in the form of a perforated plate 43 or a mounting device 44 is provided in each section.The mounting devices 44 are configured to secure certain tools and other objects configured therefor to them. Such mounting devices 44 are offered by tool manufacturers, for example, or are correspondingly adapted to common tools. On the perforated plate 43, on the other hand, different holders for various objects can be fastened.For the rest, reference is made to that described with reference to FIG. 1.FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the mounting frame 40 with a frame 41 and six perforated plates 43 which are provided in sections divided for this purpose by braces 411. A tool holder 45 is fastened to the perforated plates 43 and is designed to receive different tools.The frame 41 is arranged on a side wall of a vehicle 100 by a fastening device 1, which delimits a loading surface 2. The fastening device has a plurality of fastening elements 10, which are arranged on mounting rails 20. The mounting rails 20 are disposed on a vehicle structure of the vehicle 100.The fastening device 1 will be discussed in more detail with reference to FIG. 4. This shows a detailed view of the fastening device 1 shown in FIG. 3, the mounting rail 20 is designed with a C-shaped cross section and has two rail wings 22, which form a groove 21 between them. In the embodiment shown, the groove 21 is identical over the entire length of the mounting rail 20 and does not have any locks or the like, so that fastening elements 10 can be flexibly fastened over the entire length of the mounting rail 20. Inserted into the groove 21 is a guide element which, taken alone, i.e. without a fastening element 10 fastened thereto, is displaceable in the groove 21 along the longitudinal axis of the mounting rail 20, which is oriented in the direction of travel. However, the guide member 24 is not movable in the groove 21 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mounting rail 20, and the guide member has a flat side and a higher side, so that the flat side can be inserted into the groove 21, and by rotating the guide member in the groove 21 by 90 degrees, the guide member is held in the C-shaped groove 21 and can no longer be removed from the groove 21 perpendicular to its extending direction.Furthermore, the fastening device 1 has a fastening element 10, which in turn is formed from a mounting section 12 and a fastening section 11. The fastening section 11 is provided with corresponding fastening recesses in order to allow the mounting frame 40 to be fastened to the fastening element 10. The fastening element 10 is fastened to the guide element on the mounting portion 12, which is located in the groove 21 in the mounted state, for which purpose fastening recesses in the mounting portion 12 and receptacles, for example in the form of threaded holes, are provided in the guide element for corresponding fastening means accordingly.Furthermore, a guide section is provided on the fastening element 10, which guide section is likewise inserted into the groove 21 in a similar manner to the guide element.Between the fastening portion 11 and the mounting portion 12 of the fastening element 1, a securing node 13 is provided, which is fixed by means of a rivet 14.In the embodiment shown, the attachment portion 11 and the mounting portion 12 enclose a 90 degree angle.The fastening element 10 is fastened to the guide element and thus to the mounting rail 20 via fastening means 19 in the form of screws. The frame 41 is likewise provided on the fastening section 11 of the fastening element 10 via fastening means 19 in the form of screws. By connecting the fastening element 10 to the mounting rail 20, the guide element is pressed from the inside against the rail wings 22 of the groove 21 and the mounting portion 12 is pressed from the outside against the rail wings 22 and is thus mutually braced, so that the fastening element 10 is fixed to the mounting rail 20. The rail wings 22 and the mounting section 12 are shaped such that they rest against one another on a surface that is as wide as possible, in order to increase the friction prevailing between the two components and to make a movement of the fastening element 10 in the mounting rail 20 more difficult. Furthermore, stability of the fastening device 10 is improved in this way. In the embodiment shown, the mounting portion 12 of the fastening element 10 and the rail wings 12 are formed as a flat planar surface. The height of the mounting section 12 corresponds to the height of the mounting rail 20 in order to allow a bearing surface that is as large as possible. The contact surface on the mounting rail 20 between the fastening element 10 and the mounting rail 20 is referred to as a pressing section.It should be noted that other fastening means 19 than screws can also be used for fastening the fastening element 10 to the mounting rail or an object of installation to the fastening element 10. Nevertheless, the use of corresponding screws, which are standardized in particular in DIN, is preferred, since these can be obtained in a favorable manner and have a high availability. In addition, screws can be easily loosened and reused, so that the flexibility of the fastening device 1 as a whole is ensured.The highest loads for a mounting frame 40 and its fastening device 1 in vehicles 100 occur in the event of frontal accidents. In this case, an acceleration acts on the cargo items in the direction of travel, as a result of which the mounting frame 40 must be designed, in particular with regard to such a load and corresponding force effect, in such a way that cargo items or the mounting frame 40 generally do not leave the fastening. Therefore, when a fastening device 1 for road traffic is suitable and allowed, a corresponding load is simulated. For this purpose, a force is simulated which acts on the fastening device 1 at a maximum angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal direction of travel in the direction of travel. In such simulations, the fastening device 1 must withstand accelerations on the installation object fastened to the fastening device 1 of up to 20 G.The fastening device 1 according to the invention has different elements for absorbing energy and thus serves as a type of multi-stage energy buffer in which the kinetic energy of the furniture objects released by the load of an accident can be absorbed and dissipated as far as possible without causing great structural damage to the entire fastening system and without the mounting frame 40 coming loose from the fastening element 10.First, the frame 41 and the fixing plate 42 of the mounting frame 40 can receive power and also transmit the power to the fixing device 10. A moment thus acts on the fastening section 11, which leads to an increase (or, depending on the orientation, a decrease) in the angle between the mounting section 12 and the fastening section 11. However, before a greater deformation of the fastening element 10 occurs, the securing node 13 absorbs energy by destroying it. As a result of the destruction of the securing node 14 and the deformation of the fastening device 10, kinetic energy of the charge which is transmitted to the fastening element 10 can be dissipated. If the fastening element 10 is in the completely extended state, the fastening element 10 is pulled along the groove 21 by means of the guide element 24 arranged in the mounting rail 20. Due to the high friction between fastening element 10 and mounting rail 20, energy can still be dissipated before a force is introduced into mounting rail 20, which would possibly lead to a deformation of mounting rail 20 and thus of the vehicle structure. Thus, a total of four locations are provided at which the kinetic energy of the charge can be dissipated before structural damage occurs to the vehicle.The different components of the fastening device 1 and the different fastenings between fastening element 10 and mounting rail 20 or frame 41 can be designed in such a way that a controlled failure of the individual components occurs one after the other and thus the energy can be dissipated in a controlled manner. For example, it is preferable for components that are easy and inexpensive to replace to first fail before possibly greater and more expensive structural damage arises. The fastening device 1 is preferably designed accordingly in such a way that the fastening element 10 is initially intentionally slid within the groove 21. Subsequently, a deformation of the fastening element 10 takes place, which is associated with a destruction of the rivet 14 of the securing node 13. If there is then still energy in the system which cannot be absorbed any further by the measures so far, this is absorbed by a deformation of the frame 41 or of the fastening plate 42 so that a deformation of the mounting rail 20 and thus damage to the vehicle structure only has to take place if the energy could not be absorbed by the other components of the mounting frame 40. In this case, the fastenings on the fastening element 10 must be designed such that neither the frame 41 is detached from the fastening element 10, nor does the fastening element 10 itself detach from the mounting rail 20.LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS1 Fastening system 2 Load surface 3 Wheel house 10 Fastening element 11 Fastening portion 12 Mounting portion 13 Securing node 14 Rivet 16 Fastening recess 19 Fastening means 20 Mounting rail 40 Mounting frame 41 Frame 411 Strut 42 Fastening plate 421 Screw hole 422 Fastening receivers 43 Perforated plate 44 Mounting device 45 Tool holder 46 Corner guard 100 Vehicle

Claims

Mounting frame (40) for fastening objects in a vehicle (100), comprising a frame (41) formed from a profile, which frame is fastened to the vehicle (100) via a fastening device (1) of the mounting frame (40), a fastening plate (42), which is connected to the frame (41) at least at its edge section, and at least one mounting receptacle, which is fastened to the fastening plate (42) by means of fastening means and is designed to receive objects to be transported, wherein the fastening plate (42) has fastening receptacles (422) arranged accordingly for fastening the at least one mounting receptacle, wherein the fastening device (1) furthermore comprises at least one mounting rail (20), which is fastened to a vehicle structure, having at least one groove (21) arranged along at least one partial region of the mounting rail (20), a guide element (24), which is arranged in the groove (21) of the mounting rail (20) and the cross section of which is designed such that the guide element (24) is arranged movably in the longitudinal direction of the mounting rail (20) within the groove (21) but immovably perpendicular to each transverse direction of the mounting rail (20), and a fastening element (10) having at least one fastening section (11) and one mounting section (12), wherein the at least one fastening section (11) is designed to be connected to the frame (41) and the mounting section (12) is fastened to the guide element (24) by means of at least one fastening means, and wherein a defined angle is furthermore provided between the at least one fastening section (11) and the one mounting section (12).Mounting frame (40) according to the preceding claim, wherein the frame (41) and / or the fastening plate (42) are made of aluminium.The mounting frame (40) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (41) and the fixing plate (42) are formed as one component.Mounting frame (40) according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein the fastening plate (42) is connected to the frame (41) by means of fastening means, in particular screws.The mounting frame (40) of any preceding claim, wherein the mounting receptacle fully fills a surface on the mounting plate (42) defined by the frame (41).Mounting frame (40) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (41) further comprises at least one strut (411), wherein in particular the fastening plate (42) is connected to the strut (411).Mounting frame (40) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting receptacle is designed as a perforated plate (43) or mounting device (44).Vehicle (100) comprising at least one mounting frame (40) according to one of the preceding claims.

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