MEASURING SYSTEM AND MEASURING METHOD

Abstract

The invention relates to a handheld device for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The invention further relates to a protection factor evaluation system for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising a handheld device with an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit, as well as an evaluation unit with a second control unit. The invention also relates to a method for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising the steps of emitting radiation from an LED of a handheld device, detecting reflected radiation from a photodiode of the handheld device, transmitting data of the reflected radiation to an evaluation unit, and evaluating the protection factor within an evaluation wavelength range.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a handheld device for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The invention further relates to a protection factor evaluation system for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising a handheld device with an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit, as well as an evaluation unit with a second control unit. The invention also relates to a method for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant, comprising the steps of emitting radiation from an LED of a handheld device, detecting reflected radiation from a photodiode of the handheld device, transmitting data of the reflected radiation to an evaluation unit, and evaluating the protection factor within an evaluation wavelength range. State of the art

[0002] The methods currently approved by the authorities of the European Union (EU) and the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for determining the SPF (Sun Protect Factor) are all harmful to the test subjects, as they cause erythema, i.e., a light-induced inflammatory reaction of the skin (COLI PA -15 European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association: Colipa SPF Test Method 94 / 289, 1994; ISO Standards 24442, 24443, 24444). Therefore, both the FDA and the EU have repeatedly emphasized that future research activities must focus on new methods for characterizing the protective effect of sunscreens in order to avoid long-term adverse effects on test subjects (European Commission, 20 Standardisation Mandate Assigned To CEN Concerning Methods For Testing Efficacy Of Sunscreen Products, M / 389 EN, Brussels, 12 July 2006).

[0003] This invention aims to accomplish this task. The existing methods are defined in various sources: Procedures defined in standards and regulations: a. ISO 24444 defines a method for the in vivo determination of SPF. The method is based on the induction of erythema on the skin of test subjects using UVB radiation. Therefore, the method is harmful to the test subjects. b. ISO 24443 defines an in vitro method for determining the UVA protection factor (UVAPF). The sunscreen is applied to a plastic plate so that its transmission spectrum can be measured. Due to uncontrollable variations in the procedure, the transmission spectrum is scaled to match the result of the erythema test according to ISO 24444 and is therefore dependent on how the test was performed. The plastic plate used, with its roughened surface, is an unrealistic skin model. c. ISO 24442 defines an in vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined by means of the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin. This method also results in a change in the subject's skin. Patented processes:

[0004] DE 198 28 497 A1 describes a method, similar to ISO 24444, in which erythema is induced in test subjects by UV irradiation of the skin. However, unlike ISO 24444, this erythema is detected by reflection spectroscopy. Therefore, this method is also harmful. The optical effect (protection) of the sunscreen is not determined by direct optical measurements, but rather via a biological reaction of the body.

[0005] German patent DE 10 2004 020 644 A1 describes a method for quantitatively measuring the generation of radicals in vivo by UV exposure using electron spin resonance (ESR). Here, too, the optical effect of the sunscreen is only indirectly detected. Furthermore, ESR measurement is technically complex and requires relatively large, stationary devices (tabletop units). These devices are also sensitive to interference from high-frequency radiation or rapid, temporary magnetic field changes, such as those caused by electrical switching operations.

[0006] To determine the label SPF of topically applied sunscreens in vivo, test methods such as ISO 24444, the FDA guideline, or the Australian standard are used worldwide. All of these methods are based on inducing an erythemal skin reaction by irradiating the skin with UV light. This is necessary to determine the minimum erythemal dose of untreated (MEDu) and product-treated skin (MEDp). Reliable in vitro methods, in which human skin is replaced by synthetic substrate carriers, are not available for SPF determination.

[0007] Monochromatic devices, which use conventional xenon lamps, are well-known and therefore expensive to purchase and operate. Built-in monochromators measure different wavelengths sequentially, which is disadvantageous when the test subjects are moving. Polychromatic devices also use xenon lamps. The in vivo measurement is weighted using filters to match the in vivo UVA PF. Multi-LED devices for testing institutes represent another option, but these are significantly larger and more expensive due to their spectroscopic detection capabilities.

[0008] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a handheld device for determining the sun protection factor of a skin protectant that is simple and easy to use, provides high-quality analysis results, and is cost-effective to manufacture and operate. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for determining the sun protection factor of a skin protectant that provides high-quality analysis results and is simultaneously quick and easy to perform. It is also an object of the invention to provide a sun protection factor evaluation system for investigating the sun protection factor of sunscreens that provides high-quality analysis results and is cost-effective to manufacture and operate.

[0009] The problem is solved by means of the handheld protection factor evaluation device for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0010] The protective factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention for determining a protective factor of a skin protectant comprises an LED, a photodiode and a first control unit.

[0011] A protective factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention is a device that is easy and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods. The protective factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention has such dimensions and mass that a user can carry, hold, and operate it with both hands. Preferably, the protective factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention has such dimensions and mass that a user can carry, hold, and operate it with one hand.

[0012] A protective factor within the meaning of this invention is a protective factor of a skin protectant, for example, for protection against radiation, such as solar radiation. Furthermore, a protective factor within the meaning of this invention also includes the skin's own protection, with and / or without treatment with a skin protectant.

[0013] The protection factor evaluation handheld device is designed to introduce electromagnetic radiation into a measuring body, preferably human skin, using an LED. The radiation source is an LED. Furthermore, the protection factor evaluation handheld device is designed to detect remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation using a photodiode. The protection factor evaluation handheld device is controlled by the first control unit, which also processes the radiation detected by the photodiode. The detection window and resolution of the detection unit are set by the first control unit, which also stores and processes (e.g., amplifies) the detected signals.

[0014] The handheld protection factor (PPF) evaluation device according to the invention comprises only the components for generating and detecting radiation and controlling it. An evaluation unit is not integrated into the handheld device. The dimensions of the handheld device according to the invention are limited by this advantageous design, making it compact and small enough that a user can carry, hold, and operate it with both hands, preferably with one hand, without any additional aids. The mass of the handheld device is a maximum of 2000 g, preferably a maximum of 1000 g, and particularly preferably a maximum of 500 g. The handheld device is therefore suitable for convenient transport and allows the user to perform multiple determinations of the PPF of a skin protectant, even over extended periods.

[0015] In a further development of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device includes an operating unit, wherein the operating unit is suitable for triggering the emission of radiation from the LED. The operating unit is connected to the first control unit and, in the simplest case, is a switch with which the radiation emitted by the LED is activated or deactivated. Alternatively or additionally, the operating unit is suitable for changing further parameters of the radiation emitted by the LED, e.g., its intensity, the irradiation wavelength, and the irradiation duration. Also alternatively or additionally, the operating unit is suitable for changing the control parameters of the photodiode, e.g., the detection wavelength, the spectral resolution, and the sensitivity.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the invention, the handheld protection factor evaluation device includes an output device. This output device, which is preferably connected to the first control unit, indicates whether the LED is emitting radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the radiation emitted by the LED and the photodiode can be displayed. Furthermore, the determined protection factor of a skin protectant can be displayed.

[0017] In a further embodiment of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device comprises a first communication unit, wherein the first communication unit is capable of communicating with an external evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is advantageously arranged at a spatial distance from the protection factor evaluation handheld device. By means of the first communication unit, which is connected to the first control unit, the data of the remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation detected by the photodiode can be sent to the evaluation unit, and data can be received from the external evaluation unit. The protection factor of a protective device can be determined by means of the evaluation unit.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the invention, the LED is coupled to a first optical fiber. The electromagnetic radiation generated by the LED can be introduced into a measuring element by means of the first optical fiber. In a further embodiment of the invention, the photodiode is coupled to a second optical fiber. The absorbed, remitted, and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation can be introduced into the photodiode by means of the second optical fiber. In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second optical fiber is coupled to an inlet or outlet. The outlet is coupled to the first optical fiber, and the inlet to the second optical fiber.

[0019] The problem is further solved by the protection factor evaluation system according to the invention for determining a protection factor. Advantageous embodiments are also set out in the dependent claims.

[0020] The inventive protection factor evaluation system for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant comprises a handheld device with an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The handheld device is easy and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods. The handheld device is capable of introducing electromagnetic radiation into a measuring body, preferably human skin, by means of the LED located within it. Furthermore, the handheld device is capable of detecting the remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation by means of the photodiode located within it.The protection factor evaluation handheld device can be controlled by means of the first control unit, which is also located in the first protection factor evaluation handheld device. Furthermore, the radiation detected by the photodiode can be processed by the first control unit. The detection window and the resolution of the detection unit are set by the first control unit, and the detected signals are stored and processed (e.g., amplified).

[0021] Furthermore, the protection factor evaluation system comprises an evaluation unit and a second control unit. The evaluation unit is used to evaluate the protection factor of a protective agent. The second control unit is used to control the evaluation unit.

[0022] In a further development of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has a first communication unit and / or the evaluation unit has a second communication unit, wherein the first and the second communication unit are suitable to communicate with each other.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the protective factor evaluation handheld device comprises a first communication unit, wherein the first communication unit is capable of communicating with an external evaluation unit. By means of the first communication unit, which is connected to the first control unit, data from the protective factor evaluation handheld device can be transmitted to the evaluation unit via the second communication unit. Furthermore, data from the evaluation unit can be transmitted to the protective factor evaluation handheld device via the second and first communication units. The connection between the first and second communication units is wired and / or preferably wireless.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and second communication units are suitable for wireless communication. The wireless connection between the first and second communication units enables flexible positioning of the protection factor evaluation handheld device and the evaluation unit independently of each other.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second communication unit are capable of communicating with each other via a public network. In a further embodiment of the invention, the public network is a mobile network, a WLAN, an NFC network, and / or a Bluetooth connection. The first and second communication units therefore utilize existing networks with established interfaces.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, the LED is suitable for emitting light with a wavelength in the UVA range (irradiation wavelength 320 nm to 400 nm). The emission of the radiation preferably takes place in vivo on human skin according to ISO 24442. ISO 24442 defines an in vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined by means of the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin.

[0027] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is a mobile device, preferably a smartphone. The mobile device can also be a notebook computer, tablet, or similar device, and allows for flexible, independent positioning of the protection factor evaluation handheld device and the evaluation unit. The mobile device or smartphone has a suitable application for determining the protection factor of a protective agent.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the invention, the protective factor evaluation handheld device is a protective factor evaluation handheld device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7. The protective factor evaluation handheld device is a device that is easy and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods. The protective factor evaluation handheld device has such dimensions and such a low mass that a user can operate the protective factor evaluation handheld device with one hand.

[0029] The problem is also solved by means of the inventive method for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0030] The inventive method for determining the sun protection factor of a skin protectant comprises four process steps: In the first process step, radiation is emitted from an LED of a handheld sun protection factor evaluation device. The LED generates electromagnetic radiation with an irradiation wavelength between the blue spectral range (from approximately 400 nm to 500 nm wavelength) and the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm).

[0031] The wavelength ranges are defined as follows: - < 320 nm (UVB) with < 0.1% of the total UV intensity, - 320 nm to 340 nm (UVA II) 8% to 20% of the total UVA intensity - 340 nm to 400 nm (UVA I) 80% to 92% of the total UVA intensity - 400 nm to 500 nm, blue light

[0032] In the second step of the process, remitted radiation from a photodiode of a handheld protection factor evaluation device is detected. The ratio of the intensities of the remitted radiation to the radiation coupled into the measuring body is a measure of the protective capability of the shielding agent. Like the irradiation wavelength, the detection wavelength preferably encompasses a wavelength range, wherein the wavelength range of the detection wavelength preferably lies within the range of the irradiation wavelength or encompasses the entire range of the irradiation wavelength.

[0033] In the third step of the process, data from the emitted radiation is transmitted to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is, for example, a computer and includes a suitable computer program. In the fourth step, the protection factor is evaluated within an evaluation wavelength range. The evaluation wavelength is the wavelength for which the protection factor is determined. The evaluation wavelength differs from the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength. Like the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength, the evaluation wavelength is preferably a wavelength range, wherein the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength includes at least the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength.

[0034] The sun protection factor (SPF) is a scientific measure that indicates how much lower the risk of skin damage is when using a sunscreen. This factor focuses on the time it takes for UVB rays to penetrate a sunscreen and cause the skin to redden (minimal erythema, MED), compared to the time it takes without sunscreen. The dose of solar radiation required to cause skin reddening is divided by the dose required to cause reddening without sunscreen. This calculation is based on the application of 2 milligrams of sunscreen per square centimeter of skin surface. Currently, the SPF of sunscreens is determined via in vivo irradiation using a sun simulator (ISO 24444:2010 "Cosmetics - Sun protection test methods - In vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF)"), which represents the current state of the art.The current testing of protective agents is based on the fact that test subjects are irradiated before and after the application of protective agents.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is arranged outside the handheld device used to evaluate the protection factor. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is a computer or a mobile phone. The computer or mobile phone is preferably arranged remotely from the handheld device used to evaluate the protection factor and includes a suitable computer program for determining a protection factor. The evaluation unit itself can therefore be a commercially available computer or mobile phone, e.g., a smartphone. In this embodiment, the handheld device used to evaluate the protection factor therefore does not have its own fully functional evaluation unit.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the emitted radiation comprises an irradiation wavelength between 280 nm and 2000 nm, preferably 280 to 800 nm, and particularly preferably the range of 280 to 500 nm. Within the scope of this document, the LED is a technical device for generating electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, an LED is not an optical element for guiding, deflecting, or changing the intensity and / or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. Thus, a radiation source is not, for example, a light guide, grating, prism, or filter. The LED generates electromagnetic radiation with an irradiation wavelength between the blue spectral range (from approximately 400 nm to 500 nm wavelength) and the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm).

[0037] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the protection factor of the protective agent is evaluated from the in vivo remitted radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit enough UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately determine the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. A transmission spectrum is determined in vitro based on the UV transmittance of protective films. The substrates onto which the protective films are applied only approximate the inhomogeneous surface structure of human skin, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheets with a rough surface according to ISO 24443. The transmission spectrum data includes intensity versus wavelength in a preferably digital format.

[0038] In a further embodiment of the invention, the transmission spectrum data for determining the protection factor are read from a database of the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit has a database on which data from different transmission spectra can be stored, or is connected to such a database.

[0039] In a further embodiment of the invention, the transmission spectrum data are in silico data. This means that the transmission spectrum data are neither determined in vivo on a test subject nor in vitro according to ISO 24443, but rather estimated or determined computationally. If the properties of the filter substances of a sunscreen are known, the transmission can be calculated and simulated. Based on the simulated transmission, the sun protection factor (SPF) and all parameters that characterize the SPF can be calculated.

[0040] In a further development of the invention, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength. The evaluation of the protection factor of the protective agent is performed from the in vivo reflected radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit enough UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately determine the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. The approach used in this publication employs the in vivo evaluation of the absolute UVA absorption spectrum, as measured in vivo, combined with a calculated in silico transmission spectrum to determine the protection factor of the protective agent for a user.The evaluation and hybridization of an in vivo remission spectrum with an in silico transmission spectrum is performed to obtain a complete UV spectrum, allowing the protection factors to be calculated according to the formulas of the applicable standard (ISO 24443). For this purpose, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength, which preferably covers the range from 280 nm to 500 nm.

[0041] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or, more preferably, the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In a further development, the evaluation wavelength comprises a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm, and preferably from 400 nm to 450 nm. Preferably, the wavelength range of blue light, which borders the UVA range (up to 400 nm), is evaluated. To determine the protective capacity of the protective agent in the UVB wavelength range (< 320 nm), this wavelength range can also be evaluated optionally.

[0042] In a further development of the invention, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength. The evaluation of the protection factor of the protective agent is performed from the in vivo reflected radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit enough UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately determine the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. The approach used in this publication employs the in vivo evaluation of the absolute UVA absorption spectrum, as measured in vivo, combined with a calculated in silico transmission spectrum to determine the protection factor of the protective agent for a user.The evaluation and hybridization of an in vivo remission spectrum with an in silico transmission spectrum is performed to obtain a complete UV spectrum, allowing the protection factors to be calculated according to the formulas of the applicable standard (ISO 24443). For this purpose, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength, which preferably covers the range from 280 nm to 500 nm.

[0043] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or, more preferably, the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In a further embodiment, the evaluation wavelength comprises a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm, and preferably from 400 nm to 450 nm. Preferably, the wavelength range of blue light, which borders the UVA range (up to 400 nm), is evaluated. To determine the protective capacity of the protective agent in the UVB wavelength range (< 320 nm), this wavelength range can also be evaluated optionally.

[0044] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the protective capacity of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a separate process from the evaluation of the protective capacity of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range of 280 nm to 400 nm. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit enough UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately determine the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280–320 nm) using a different technique. For this purpose, the in vivo remission spectrum in the wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm is recorded, and the wavelength range of 280 nm to 320 nm and the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm are determined using an in silico transmission spectrum.

[0045] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the protective effect of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out using a different method than the evaluation of the protective effect of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range of 280 nm to 400 nm. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit enough UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately determine the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280–320 nm) using a different technique. For this purpose, the in vivo remission spectrum in the wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm is recorded, and the wavelength range of 280 nm to 320 nm and the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm are determined using an in silico transmission spectrum.

[0046] In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. The wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength are preferably the same, within a wavelength range of at most 320 nm to 400 nm. The wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength comprises at most a range of 280 nm to 500 nm.

[0047] In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength in the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. The wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength are preferably equal within a wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm, wherein the wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength are smaller than the aforementioned wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm. In the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength (maximum 280 nm to 500 nm), the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is then smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength.

[0048] In a further development of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, and particularly preferably less than 25 nm. Therefore, only one radiation source is required for emitting electromagnetic radiation, which has a narrow wavelength range for the irradiation wavelength. Similarly, a detector capable of detecting a narrow wavelength range is required to record the reflected spectrum. The radiation source and detector can therefore be designed to be cost-effective in both manufacture and operation.

[0049] In a further embodiment of the invention, the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength comprises only light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 450 nm. For in vivo measurement, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is specifically coupled into the measuring body.

[0050] In a further development of the invention, the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength includes only light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm. In particular, the wavelength range of UVA and UVB is irradiated. This wavelength range poses the greatest risk to human skin; therefore, determining the protective capacity of a protective agent is especially important.

[0051] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths outside the 400 nm to 500 nm range. In particular, the UVA and UVB wavelength range is evaluated. This wavelength range represents the greatest risk to human skin; therefore, determining the protective efficacy of a sunscreen is especially important.

[0052] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths λ with λ < 400 nm. For the purpose of capturing an in vivo measurement, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is particularly evaluated.

[0053] In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths λ with 320 nm < λ < 400 nm. For in vivo measurement to determine the protective efficacy of the protective agent, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is evaluated in particular. This wavelength range can also be optionally evaluated to determine the protective efficacy of the protective agent in the UVB wavelength range (< 320 nm).

[0054] In another embodiment, radiation is emitted from a single radiation source, the emitted radiation of which comprises light in a wavelength range between 280 nm and 500 nm. For the purposes of this document, a radiation source is a technical device for generating electromagnetic radiation. A radiation source is therefore not an optical element for guiding, deflecting, or changing the intensity and / or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. Thus, a radiation source is not, for example, a light guide, grating, prism, or filter. The radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range within the blue spectral region (from approximately 400 nm to 500 nm) and the ultraviolet range (280 nm to 400 nm).In a further embodiment of the invention, the emitted radiation of one radiation source comprises only a sub-range of the wavelength range between 280 nm and 500 nm, in a preferred embodiment the wavelength range of the radiation emitted by one radiation source is less than 50 nm wide, and in a particularly preferred embodiment the one radiation source is a single LED.

[0055] In a further development of the invention, the individual radiation sources are controllable. This enables targeted control of the radiation source and targeted adaptation of the overall spectrum to different applications. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the intensity of the radiation source, the radiation dose is achieved, either in the form of an individual dose (e.g., 0.1 MED) or an adjustable limit value. This minimizes the radiation dose for a test subject.

[0056] In a further aspect of the invention, the radiation source is controlled by a radiation source controller and / or a control unit. The radiation source controller and / or the control unit selectively controls the radiation source and enables targeted adjustment of the spectrum generated by the radiation source, e.g., by controlling the wavelength range and the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the radiation source.

[0057] In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength, exposure time, and / or intensity of the individual radiation sources are controlled by the radiation source. This enables targeted control of the radiation source for in vivo measurements on the one hand and in vitro measurements on the other. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the intensity of the radiation source and the exposure time of the measuring element, a radiation dose is selected, either in the form of an individual dose (e.g., 0.1 MED) or an adjustable limit value. This minimizes the radiation dose for a subject.

[0058] In another aspect of the invention, the transmission spectrum is adjusted using the detected remitted radiation. The adjustment is carried out such that a hybrid transmission spectrum T is obtained. hyb The determination is based on: Thyb(λ)=Tin silico(λ)∗Tin vivo〚(λ〛LED)Tin silico〚(λ〛LED) with T in vivoas transmission spectrum determined from the spectrum of detected remitted radiation and T as determined by in vivo measurement in silico the calculated transmission spectrum

[0059] In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation is emitted in vivo on human skin according to ISO 24442. ISO 24442 defines an in vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined by means of the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin.

[0060] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the protective capacity of the sunscreen is evaluated from two measurements. The protective capacity of the sunscreen is determined by measuring the time required for UVB rays to penetrate the sunscreen and cause the skin to redden (minimal erythema, MED) in a second measurement, compared to the time this takes without a sunscreen. A first measurement measures the dose of solar radiation required to cause skin reddening, which is then divided by the dose required to cause reddening without a sunscreen.

[0061] In a further development of the invention, a first measurement is taken before the protective agent is applied to the measuring body. This first measurement records the time at which minimal erythema (MED) appears on the untreated skin of the subject.

[0062] In a further aspect of the invention, a second measurement is taken after the application of the protective agent to the measuring body. This second measurement records the time at which minimal erythema (MED) appears on the skin of the subject treated with the protective agent.

[0063] In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation source generates polychromatic radiation, which is emitted unfiltered onto the measuring object. The radiation source generates radiation in a maximum wavelength range of 280 nm to 500 nm (UVB to blue light). Within this wavelength range, the generated polychromatic radiation is not altered by optical elements (filters, monochromators) from the point of generation until it strikes the measuring object. This results in maximum intensity of the generated radiation, maximum intensity of the reflected and transmitted radiation, and consequently a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0064] In a further development of the invention, the spectroscopic measurement is carried out exclusively in vivo. In a first measurement, the remission spectrum and / or the remission value of human skin without protective agents is recorded, and in a second measurement, the remission spectrum and / or the remission value of human skin with protective agents is recorded.

[0065] Exemplary embodiments of the inventive method for determining a protection factor and the inventive protection factor evaluation system are shown schematically simplified in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.

[0066] They show: Fig. 1: Protection factor evaluation system, evaluation unit located outside the mobile device Fig. 2: Protection factor evaluation handheld device with a first control unit Fig. 3: Protection factor evaluation handheld device with a first control unit and an operating unit Fig. 4: Protection factor evaluation handheld device with a first control unit, an operating unit and an output device Fig. 5: Protection factor evaluation handheld device with a first control unit, an operating unit, an output device and a second control unit Fig. 6: Protection factor evaluation system, evaluation unit and first control unit arranged in a single unit within the mobile device Fig. 7: Method for performing an in vivo measurement to evaluate a sun protection factor with reference and calibration measurement Fig. 8: Method for performing an in vivo measurement including an in vitro spectrum to evaluate a sun protection factor

[0067] Fig. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention. The protection factor evaluation system 1 includes the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 (see Figure 1). Fig. 2) which is positioned directly on the measuring body 3 for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant. The measuring body 3 is, for example, the skin of a test subject. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 has a first communication unit COM1, which is connected to a second communication unit COM2 of a mobile device 6. The connection is established via Bluetooth; other connection options include an internet connection.

[0068] The mobile device 6 has a first control unit 2.1 that controls the method 400 for determining a protection factor. The first control unit 2.1 is connected to the communication unit COM1. In this embodiment, the evaluation unit 10 is arranged externally at a distance from the smartphone 6 and the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30. In this embodiment, the evaluation unit 10 is a fixed desktop computer; however, the evaluation unit 10 can also be a mobile device, e.g., also a smartphone, tablet, or similar device, and has a suitable app for determining the protection factor of a protective device.

[0069] Fig. Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 according to the invention for performing an in vivo measurement. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 comprises the radiation source assembly 12. The radiation source assembly 12 comprises an LED 12.1 and optical elements that are designed and / or suitable for conditioning and / or redirecting the radiation generated by the LED 12.1, e.g., light guides, filters, monochromators, mirrors, and / or other optical elements.

[0070] Light emitted by the beam source device 12, with an irradiation wavelength between 280 nm and 2000 nm, is introduced into the measuring body 3 via the probe head 5 by means of an optical fiber 4.1. Preferably, the irradiation wavelength is in the range of 280 nm to 800 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 280 nm to 500 nm. In this and all subsequent embodiments, the irradiation wavelength is in the range of 280 nm to 500 nm (UVA to blue light). The light reflected from the measuring body 3 passes through a further optical fiber 4.2 into the detector unit 13. The detector unit 13 comprises a monochromator, filter, photomultiplier, spectrometer, and / or a photodiode. In this and all subsequent embodiments, the detector unit 13 comprises a photodiode as detector 13.1.

[0071] Detector unit 13 and beam source unit 12 are connected to a first control unit 2.1, which in turn is connected via a further data line to the first communication unit COM1. The first control unit 2.1 is typically a computer chip with a suitable computer program stored in memory. The first communication unit COM1 is connected via a second communication unit COM2 (not shown) to an externally arranged evaluation unit 10, with the first communication unit COM1 and the second communication unit COM2 communicating with each other. All of the aforementioned components of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 are arranged in a housing G, which protects the components from contamination.

[0072] One variant of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shows Fig. 3. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see. Fig. 2) The first control unit 2.1 is connected to an operating unit 14. Using the operating unit 14, a user of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 can control the first control unit 2.1 and thus operate the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30, e.g., generate or switch off the radiation, select the irradiation wavelength range of the radiation source 12.1, and control the intensity of the radiation generated by the radiation source 12.1.

[0073] Fig. Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see Figure 4). Fig. 3) Additionally, the first control unit 2.1 is connected to the operating unit 14 and an output device 11. In this embodiment, the output device 11 is located in the handheld protection factor evaluation unit 30. The output device 11 can indicate whether the LED 12.1 is emitting radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the radiation emitted by the LED 12.1 and the photodiode 13.1 can be displayed. Furthermore, the determined protection factor of a skin protectant can be displayed.

[0074] A preferred embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shows Fig. 5. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see. Fig. 4), in addition, the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 has a second control unit 2.2 which is connected to the first control unit 2.1.

[0075] Fig. Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention. The protection factor evaluation system 1 has, like the first embodiment shown (see Figure 6), a protection factor evaluation system 1. Fig. 1) the protection factor evaluation handset 30. The protection factor evaluation handset 30 has a first communication unit COM1, which is connected to a second communication unit COM2 of the mobile device 6. The mobile device 6 has a first control unit 2.1, which controls the method 400 for determining a protection factor. The first control unit 2.1 is connected to the communication unit COM1. In this embodiment, the evaluation unit 10 is arranged in the smartphone 6 in a single unit with the first control unit 2.1.

[0076] Fig. Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the method 100 of an in vivo measurement for recording the remission spectrum using the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention from the preceding embodiments (see Figure 7). Fig. 1 to Fig. 5) The procedure is carried out in vivo according to ISO 24442 or 24444. The procedure 100 of a measurement requires the recording of a remission spectrum of the untreated measuring body 3 and of the measuring body 3 treated with protective agent, wherein the measuring body 3 is the skin of a subject 3 in all in vivo measurements.

[0077] For this purpose, the sun protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 is positioned so that the measuring head 5 is applied to the untreated skin of the subject 3, i.e., the measuring head 5 touches the skin of the subject 3. The sunscreen being tested is not applied to the skin of the subject 3. A location on the inside of the forearm or the back of the subject 3 is usually selected. The first measurement 110 is then performed by the first control unit 2.1 activating the LED 12.1 such that the light emitted by the LED 12.1 (see diagram) is measured. Fig. 4) generated light is guided through the light guide 4.1 onto the skin of the subject 3.

[0078] The generated electromagnetic radiation has an irradiation wavelength range with a FWHM of up to 20 nm, with the generated electromagnetic radiation lying in the wavelength range of 330 nm to 350 nm. The wavelength range of the detection wavelength, in which the photodiode 13.1 detects the emitted radiation by means of the optical fiber 4.2, also has a range of, for example, 20 nm in the range of 330 nm to 350 nm. Furthermore, the range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, and particularly preferably less than 25 nm.

[0079] For some applications, FWHM can be as low as 30 nm, with the generated electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm. For other applications, FWHM can be as low as 100 nm or more and / or reduced by filters if necessary, with the generated electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 2000 nm.

[0080] The light generated by LED 12.1 is shone unfiltered onto the measuring body 3 to ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio (S / R). Specifically, the light generated by LED 12.1 is polychromatic with an intensity maximum at a wavelength of 340 nm in the UVA range. Alternatively, an LED generating light with an intensity maximum of 365 nm in the UVA range can be used. The irradiation is applied at an intensity that does not cause acute skin damage, which is below the simple MED (Medical Exclusion Limit), below the MZB (Maximum Permissible Exposure Limit), or significantly below the levels caused by sunlight. The light reflected from the skin of the subject 3 is guided by the light guide 4.2 to photodiode 13.1 of the detector unit 13, detected by photodiode 13.1, and converted into measured values. These measured values ​​are then sent to and stored in the first control unit 2.1.

[0081] The control unit 2.1 then queries at 120 whether the second measurement of the skin of subject 3 treated with protective agent has already been carried out. If this is not the case, the output device 11 connected to the first control unit 2.1 indicates this. To carry out the second measurement 110 with applied protective agent, the protective agent is applied to the skin of subject 3 130, e.g. according to ISO 24442 or 24444 in the amount of 2.0 mg / cm². 2on the skin surface to be tested. The application 130 of the protective agent and the subsequent second measurement 110 are carried out at the same location on the sample 3, in particular on the same area of ​​the skin of a test subject 3, to ensure the reproducibility of the first and second measurements 110. Also to ensure reproducibility, the first control unit 2.1 controls the LED 12.1 such that the light generated by the LED 12.1 is directed through the light guide 4.1 onto the skin of the test subject 3, with the intensity and / or exposure time of the first and second measurements 110 being coordinated.

[0082] The light reflected from the skin of subject 3 is also detected by the photodiode 13.1 of the detector unit 13 and converted into measured values. The measured values ​​are sent to the first control unit 2.1 and stored there.

[0083] If query 120 indicates that the second measurement 110 has already been performed, an evaluation 140 of the protective agent is carried out. For this purpose, the evaluation unit 10 executes a program to calculate the tin vivo reflection spectrum according to equation 1: Tinvivo=1SPFin vivo=RR0 with T in vivo as a function of wavelength λ, SPF in vivo The protection factor is determined by in vivo method 100, where R0 is the reflected intensity of the untreated skin of subject 3 as a function of wavelength λ, and R is the reflected intensity of the skin of subject 3 treated with protective agent as a function of wavelength λ. The method 100 described here requires a time of a few seconds to several tens of seconds.

[0084] Alternatively to the one in Fig. As shown in Figure 6 with a single LED, this method can also be carried out in the same way with a multi-LED radiation source.

[0085] Fig. Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the method 400 according to the invention for determining a protection factor of a skin protectant. An in vivo reflectance measurement 100 (see Figure 8) is performed. Fig. 7) combined with the data of a transmission spectrum 200. According to the invention, the values ​​of the transmission spectrum 200 are calculated (in silico).

[0086] If the quantities and properties of the UV filter substances in a protective coating are known, the UV transmission can be calculated, taking into account the film's irregularity and photodegradation. Based on the simulated UV transmission, the protective capacity of the coating and all parameters characterizing UVA and / or UVB protection can be calculated in silico.

[0087] The in silico determination of transmission spectrum data is carried out, for example, in a laboratory according to ISO 24443. A plot density of 2.0 g / cm² is assumed. 2Protective agent. In this embodiment, the emitted radiation lies in the wavelength range of 280 nm to 500 nm (UVB to blue light). In further embodiments, the irradiation wavelength range can lie in the wavelength range between 280 nm and 2000 nm, and preferably between 280 nm and 800 nm.

[0088] The evaluated wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 450 nm. In this exemplary embodiment, the evaluation wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises 400 nm to 500 nm.

[0089] The data from the in silico transmission spectrum are stored in a database and can be retrieved from the database at any time. To determine the protection factor of a skin protectant, the in silico transmission spectrum is loaded into the evaluation unit 10 200, which is connected to the database via an internet connection.

[0090] The results of the evaluations of the in vivo remission spectrum 140 and the in silico transmission spectrum are combined and evaluated using the evaluation unit 10 300. For this purpose, the hybrid transmission spectrum T is first measured. hyb , calculated, where the in silico transmission spectrum T in silico by means of the reflection spectrum T in vivo It is scaled: Thyb(λ)=Tin silico(λ)∗Tin vivo(λLED)Tin silico(λLED)

[0091] The protective capacity of the protective agent for the spectral range from UVA (320nm) to the HEV spectral range (450nm) SF is then given by equation 4 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum): SF=∫320450S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫320450S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ

[0092] The protective capacity of the protective agent in the spectral range of blue light (400nm to 500nm) is determined according to equation 5 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum) SF(400nm−500nm)=∫400500S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫400500S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ

[0093] The protective capacity of the protective agent from 400nm to 450nm SF (400nm-450nm) is determined according to equation 6 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum): SF(400nm−450nm)=∫400450S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫400450S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ

[0094] The protective capacity of the protective agent for the spectral range of UVA (320-400nm) UVA-SF is then calculated according to equation 4 (here E = PPD(λ) is the PPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum or UVA source for PPD-test.): UVA−SF=∫320400S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫320400S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ

[0095] The protective capacity of the protective agent for the spectral range from UVB to UVA (280-400nm) UV-SF is then calculated according to equation 4. UV−SF=∫290400S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫290400S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ

[0096] In all equations for SF or UVA-SR, a correction function F(SF) = SF_corr or F(UVA-SF) = UVA-PF_corr is optionally used, which describes, for example, differences depending on skin type. A correction function makes values ​​for different skin types comparable and provides a corrected SF value. korr or UVA-PF korr out of.

[0097] F can be, for example, a linear factor (i.e., F(SF) = SF * C) or an exponential function (i.e., F(SF) = SF). C ). C can depend, for example, on skin type or the ITA° value. As shown in Eq. 4, the formulas in Equations 2 to 8 can be written as follows: SFcorr=F(SF)=F(∫320450S(λ)E(λ)dλ∫320450S(λ)E(λ)Thybdλ)

[0098] Since the in vivo value is measured without photodegradation, photodegradation should be appropriately taken into account. This can be done by ensuring that T _in silico with (T in silico_irr (λ) and is calculated without photodegradation, and a spectral quotient is calculated from it. SRPD(λ)=Tin silico_irr(λ)Tin silico(λλ).

[0099] This will then Thyb_irr(λ)=Thyb(λ)∗SRPD(λ) calculated.

[0100] The calibration of the method can be carried out, for example, using suitable reference methods such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy. REFERENCE MARK LIST 1 Protection Factor Evaluation System 2.1 First control unit 2.2 Second control unit 3 measuring bodies 4.1, 4.2 Optical fiber / fiber bundle 5 measuring head 5.1 Outlet 5.2 Admission 6 Mobile device / Smartphone 10 evaluation units 11 Output device 12 Beam source setup 12.1 Beam source / LED 13 Detection unit 13.1 Detector / Photodiode 14 Control unit 30 Protection Factor Evaluation Handheld Device 100 Performing a reflection measurement 110 Performing a calibration measurement 120 queries 130 Applying a protective agent 140 evaluation 200 Read transmission spectrum 300 Determination of the protection factor 400 methods for determining the protection factor of a skin protectant COM1 First communication unit COM2 Second communication unit QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 198 28 497 A1

[0004] DE 10 2004 020 644 A1

[0005] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] COLI PA -15 European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association: Colipa SPF Test Method 94 / 289, 1994

[0002] ISO-Standards 24442, 24443, 24444

[0002] European Commission, 20 Standardisation Mandate Assigned To CEN Concerning Methods For Testing Efficacy Of Sunscreen Products, M / 389 EN, Brüssels, 12 July 2006

[0002] 24444:2010 „Cosmetics - Sun protection test methods - In vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF)

[0034]

Claims

[1] Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product with • an LED (12.1) • a photodiode (13.1) and • a first control unit (2). [2] A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 1, characterized by that the protection factor evaluation handset (30) has an operating unit (14), wherein the operating unit (14) is suitable for triggering the emission of radiation from the LED (12.1). [3] Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the protection factor evaluation handset (30) has an output device (11). [4] Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the protection factor evaluation handset (30) has a first communication unit (COM1), wherein the first communication unit (COM1) is suitable for communicating with an external evaluation unit (10). [5] Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the LED (12.1) is coupled to a first light guide (4.1). [6] Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the photodiode (13.1) is coupled to a second light guide (4.2). [7] A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by that the first and / or second optical fiber (4.1, 4.2) is coupled to an inlet (5.2) or outlet (5.1). [8] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protectant with • a protection factor evaluation handset (30) with - an LED (12.1), - a photodiode (13.1) and - a first control unit (2.1) • an evaluation unit (10) with - a second control unit (2.2). [9] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 8, characterized by that the protection factor evaluation handset (30) has a first communication unit (COM1) and / or the evaluation unit (10) has a second communication unit (COM2), wherein the first (COM1) and the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for communicating with one another. [10] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 9, characterized bythat the first (COM1) and the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for wireless communication with each other. [11] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by that the first (COM1) and / or the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for communicating with each other via a public network. [12] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 11, characterized by that the public network is a cellular, WLAN, NFC and / or Bluetooth network. [13] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 8 to 12, characterized by that the LED (12.1) is suitable for emitting light with a wavelength in the UVA range. [14] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 8 to 13, characterized by that the evaluation unit (10) is a mobile device and preferably a smartphone. [15] Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 8 to 14, characterized by that the protection factor evaluation handset (30) is a protection factor evaluation handset according to one or more of claims 1 to 7. [16] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising the steps of: • Emitting (110) radiation from an LED (12.1) of a protection factor evaluation handset (30), • Detecting remitted radiation from a photodiode (13.1) of a protection factor evaluation handset (30), • Transferring data of the remitted radiation to an evaluation unit (10), • Evaluation (140) of the protection factor in an evaluation wavelength range. [17] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 16, characterized by that the evaluation unit (10) is arranged outside the protection factor evaluation handset (30). [18] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 17, characterized by that the evaluation unit (10) is a computer or a mobile radio device. [19] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 16 to 18, characterized by that the emitted radiation covers an irradiation wavelength range between 280 nm and 2000 nm, preferably 280 nm to 800 nm, particularly preferably the range from 280 nm to 500 nm. [20] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 19, characterized by that the evaluation wavelength range is different from the irradiation wavelength range. [21] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 16 to 20, characterized by that the protection factor of the protective agent is evaluated from the remitted radiation and a transmission spectrum. [22] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 21, characterized by that the data of the transmission spectrum for determining the protection factor are read (200) from a database of the evaluation unit (10). [23] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 22, characterized by that the transmission spectrum data used to determine the protection factor are in silico data. [24] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum covers the evaluation wavelength range. [25] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation wavelength covers the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 450 nm. [26] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a separate procedure from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm. [27] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a different procedure from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm. [28] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. [29] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength in the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. [30] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100nm, preferably less than 50nm and particularly preferably less than 25nm. [31] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength only includes light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400nm to 450nm. [32] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength only includes light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400nm to 500nm. [33] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400nm to 500nm. [34] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths λ with λ < 400nm. [35] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths λ with 320nm < λ < 400nm. [36] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the emission of radiation occurs from a single beam source (12.1), wherein the irradiation wavelength of the one beam source (12.1) comprises light in a wavelength range between 280nm and 500nm. [37] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the individual beam sources (12.1) can be controlled. [38] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the control of the beam source (12.1) is carried out by a beam source control (12.1) and / or a control unit (2.1). [39] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that by controlling the beam source (12.1) the wavelength, the exposure time and / or the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the individual beam sources (12.1) is controlled. [40] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the transmission spectrum is adjusted using the detected remitted radiation. [41] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the emission (110) of the radiation occurs in vivo onto the human skin. [42] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the evaluation (300) of the protective ability of the protective device is carried out from two measurements. [43] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that a first measurement is carried out before the protective agent is applied to the measuring body (3). [44] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that a second measurement is carried out after the application (130) of the protective agent to the measuring body (3). [45] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the beam source (12.1) generates polychromatic radiation, wherein the generated polychromatic radiation is radiated unfiltered onto the measuring body (3). [46] Method (400) for determining a protection factor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the spectroscopic measurement (100) is carried out exclusively in vivo. [47] Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that if the measurement results of the reference measurement deviate from the calibration measurement above a threshold value, a message is issued. [48] ​​Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiation is only emitted from the measuring head (5) if the measurement results of the reference measurement deviate from the calibration measurement below a threshold value.

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