Support structure, load-bearing structure therewith, and method for forming and striking

Abstract

Disclosed is a support structure (2) for a formwork (20) for concreting structural elements of a building, comprising: - a formwork support beam (4) for supporting the formwork (20), - a base support (3) that can be positioned relative to the structure, - an intermediate adapter (5) through which the formwork support beam (4) is hinged to the base beam (3), - a diagonal brace (6) which supports the formwork support beam (4) and the base beam (3) approximately diagonally against each other, - a first pivot bearing (L1) between the intermediate adapter (5) and the base support (3), - a second pivot bearing (L2) between the formwork support beam (4) and the intermediate adapter (5), and - a support element (9) between the intermediate adapter (5) and another element of the support structure (2), wherein the diagonal strut (6) is pivotally mounted in a third pivot bearing (L3) or a fourth pivot bearing (L4) relative to the base support (3) or the formwork support support (4) and the support element (9) is adjustable or detachable in order to enable pivoting of the intermediate adapter (5) relative to the base support (3). In a load-bearing structure (1), at least two consecutive support structures (2) are connected to one another in a direction transverse to the load-bearing plane (E). Also described are methods for shuttering and striking a structural element of a building to be concreted using at least one support structure (2) that is braced relative to the building.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a support structure, a load-bearing structure, a method for formwork and a method for striking the formwork for concreting essentially horizontal structural elements of a building, preferably roadway slabs of bridges or other self-supporting structures, in particular in intermittent feed operation.

[0002] For the concreting of deck slabs for steel composite bridges, formwork carriages are used which carry the actual formwork and are guided so that they can be moved along a structure's edge and, if necessary, suspended, and are therefore movable. Such a formwork carriage has a load-bearing structure which, in turn, has several load-bearing or support structures in the form of cantilever consoles. Each of the support structures can bear loads in a support plane and is also referred to as a support plate. Several such support structures are arranged one after the other in a direction normal to the support plane and are connected to one another to form the load-bearing structure. For the individual support structure, a simple structure consists, for example, of a horizontal girder which is connected to a vertical steel waler via an adjusting unit and is supported diagonally via a length-adjustable heavy-duty prop.The height of the formwork element can be adjusted using an adjusting unit installed vertically, and the diagonal spindle is used to adjust the inclination of the formwork element for concreting.

[0003] In order to move the cantilever bracket to the next concreting section after the roadway slab has been poured, the formwork element must be released from the roadway slab. This process is also known as striking. To do this, both the diagonal heavy-duty spindle (inserting the spindle) and the vertical actuating unit (lowering) must be operated alternately several times to achieve a relative movement of the formwork element away from the concrete. Operating only the spindle or only the actuating unit will result in the formwork element jamming.

[0004] When the formwork carriage is in a new concreting section, the formwork element must be returned to its original position. This requires adjusting the element to the desired height and inclination using an adjusting unit and diagonal spindle. This requires measuring the position several times and readjusting it accordingly, as there is no end stop. The same problem also occurs with formwork for vertical or essentially vertical structures.

[0005] An object of the invention is to provide a support structure, a load-bearing structure with one or more support structures, a formwork method and a formwork removal method for concreting work, with which the formwork and the removal can be carried out more easily, quickly, precisely, safely and cost-effectively, without jamming and in particular without multiple adjustment of several adjusting elements on each support structure.

[0006] The object is achieved at least in partial aspects by a support structure having the features of claim 1, a load-bearing structure having the features of claim 14, a method for formwork having the features of claim 15 and a method for demolding having the features of claim 16.

[0007] One aspect of the invention is a support structure for a formwork for concreting structural elements of a building, preferably roadway slabs of bridges or other self-supporting structures, in particular in intermittent feed operation, the support structure comprising: - a formwork support beam for supporting the formwork or a section of the formwork, - a base support which can be positioned relative to the structure in a preferably fixable position, - an intermediate adapter, by means of which the formwork support beam is hinged to the base beam, preferably in an approximately perpendicular position to each other, - a diagonal brace which supports the formwork support beam and the base beam approximately diagonally against each other, - a first pivot bearing on which the intermediate adapter is pivotally mounted relative to the base support, - a second pivot bearing on which the formwork support beam is pivotally mounted relative to the intermediate adapter, and - a support element which supports the intermediate adapter against another element of the support structure, in particular the formwork support beam, the base beam or a platform beam, wherein the diagonal brace is pivotally mounted in a third pivot bearing relative to the base support and is pivotally mounted in a fourth pivot bearing relative to the formwork support beam, and wherein the support element is adjustable, in particular length-adjustable, or detachable in order to enable pivoting of the intermediate adapter relative to the base support.

[0008] This double-jointed connection of the formwork support beam to the base beam via the intermediate adapter, together with the diagonal brace, creates a coupled four-bar linkage. When the intermediate adapter pivots relative to the base beam at the first pivot joint, the formwork support beam moves with it, forcing the diagonal brace to pivot relative to the base beam as well. By appropriately selecting the bearing spacing and relative positions, it can be ensured that the formwork supported by the formwork support beam moves reliably away from the concreted structure section. This creates a support structure with which formwork erection and removal can be carried out more easily, quickly, precisely, safely, and cost-effectively, without jamming and without the need to repeatedly adjust multiple control elements on the support structure.

[0009] An approximately right-angled position between the base beam and the formwork support beam makes it easier to attach the diagonal brace. The angle between the base beam and the formwork support beam can certainly deviate from a right angle, as long as it is ensured that the diagonal brace can assume a position that ensures that the formwork support beam always moves away from the shuttering plane during striking, at least in the formwork system area. A deviation from the right angle of up to, for example, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees or more in both directions can be entirely acceptable under certain circumstances. If the angle between the base beam and the formwork support beam becomes too large, attachments to the base beam or the formwork support beam can ensure that the diagonal brace can be mounted in the desired position.

[0010] In embodiments, the third pivot bearing and the fourth pivot bearing are located further away from an intersection point of the longitudinal axes of the formwork support beam and the base beam than the intermediate adapter. More specifically, the third pivot bearing is located on the base beam further away from the intersection point of the longitudinal axes of the formwork support beam and the base beam than the first pivot bearing, and the fourth pivot bearing is located on the formwork support beam further away from the intersection point of the longitudinal axes of the formwork support beam and the base beam than the second pivot bearing.In other words, a longitudinal axis of the diagonal brace, at least in the area of the diagonal brace itself, i.e., between the third and fourth pivot bearings, always lies beyond a connecting line between the first and second pivot bearings on the intermediate adapter from the intersection point of the longitudinal axes of the formwork support beam and the base beam, and can thus support the load on the formwork support beam with a large lever arm. If the diagonal brace is also length-adjustable, the position of the formwork support beam and thus of the formwork resting on it can be precisely adjusted relative to a support point defined by the fourth pivot bearing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the diagonal brace is a length-adjustable heavy-duty prop or formwork prop, preferably with a spindle lifting mechanism for length adjustment. Heavy-duty props or construction props are proven and standardized components that are available in large numbers for the respective trades, are used routinely, and can therefore be handled reliably.

[0012] In embodiments, it is provided that the pivoting of the intermediate adapter relative to the base support comprises a shuttering position and a stripping position, wherein a support side of the formwork support support in the shuttering position defines a shuttering plane in a direction transverse to a load-bearing plane of the support structure, and wherein each point of a contact area on the support side of the formwork support support that is designed to bear against the formwork is spaced from the shuttering plane in a direction pointing away from the structural section to be concreted in every position between the shuttering position and the stripping position. This ensures that the formwork does not collide with the concreted structural section or existing structural sections during pivoting.Unless otherwise stated, the term "transverse" refers to an orientation that is preferably normal or right-angled, but can also deviate from this as long as the described function can be fulfilled. The direction transverse to the load-bearing plane can, for example, follow the course of a building edge to which the support element is attached. If several support structures are arranged one after the other, the formwork plane follows the support sides of the respective formwork support beams. If only one support structure is provided and the formwork can rest on both sides of a gap to be filled by concreting, the formwork plane can be defined as following a contact side of the formwork that rests on the formwork support beam.

[0013] In some embodiments, the support element comprises a length-adjustable strut or a stop element on the intermediate adapter and a removable or detachable lock. A length-adjustable strut enables fine adjustment of the formwork erection and striking positions and, ideally, smooth operation, particularly during release. A stop element can be formed, for example, by a contact surface determined by the geometry of the intermediate adapter, and the stop can be a bolt or wedge resting in recesses on the base girder or formwork support girder. In the formwork erection position, the stop element rests against the stop. If the stop is released, for example, the bolt or wedge is removed from the recess, the intermediate adapter is released and the formwork support girder can pivot away from the formwork erection position. Such a design enables particularly rapid release and thus striking.

[0014] The support element can have a variable-length support, in particular a heavy-duty support or formwork support or top link, which is mounted in a support bearing opposite the intermediate adapter and in a fifth pivot bearing opposite the other element, wherein the support bearing is designed as a pivot bearing. A heavy-duty support is particularly advantageous when the support element is subjected to compressive stress by the concreting load, especially when the concreting load is particularly high, such as when concreting horizontal building sections. A compressive load is to be expected in particular when the support element projects away from the formwork support beam from the intermediate adapter and rests on another element of the support structure (i.e., not the formwork support beam), such as the base beam or a platform beam.The other element of the support structure can be any element located on the opposite side of the formwork support beam with respect to the intermediate adapter. Heavy-duty props or construction props are proven and standardized components that are available in large numbers for the respective trades, are used routinely, and can therefore be handled reliably. Top links are also standard elements that are proven and easy to use for absorbing longitudinal loads, some of which are highly resilient and readily available.

[0015] Alternatively, the support element can have a threaded rod with a bearing eye, which is mounted in a support bearing on the intermediate adapter and with the bearing eye in a fifth pivot bearing on the other element, and an adjusting nut that is screwed onto the threaded rod, wherein the support bearing is designed as an axial guide for the threaded rod with a contact surface for the adjusting nut. Such a construction is advantageous when there is little installation space and / or when the support element is mainly subjected to tensile loads. Under tensile loads, the buckling load of the support element is not a predominant design criterion, so the use of a solid heavy-duty support is not necessary. It is particularly advantageous if the adjusting nut only rests on the contact surface and is free on the other side opposite the intermediate adapter.In this case, in a load-bearing structure with multiple support structures, as described in the next aspect of the invention, the support elements are decoupled in one direction. Therefore, not all support elements (spindles or adjusting nuts) need to be operated simultaneously during formwork installation. If, for example, three support structures (supporting disks) with three support elements (left, middle, right) designed in the manner described above are provided, it is sufficient to operate the left and right support elements to install the formwork. The middle support element does not block movement, even if it is not operated. Therefore, if support elements such as heavy-duty props or top links are used, the formwork installation process is blocked if not all support elements are operated. On the other hand, this ensures that all support structures are activated during formwork installation.

[0016] In embodiments, an adjustment mechanism is provided for adjusting the position of the formwork support beam relative to the base beam, particularly in the longitudinal direction of the base beam. The position of the formwork support beam relative to the structure can also be adjusted from a fixed position of the base beam.

[0017] The adjustment mechanism can comprise a displacement unit attached to or formed on the base support, wherein the displacement unit comprises a base element with a guide for guiding a pivot bearing unit in an adjustment direction that particularly coincides with a longitudinal direction of the base support, wherein the pivot bearing unit carries or partially forms the first pivot bearing, as well as an adjusting element that supports the pivot bearing unit relative to the base element and moves it in the adjustment direction upon actuation. The adjustment direction is to be understood as bidirectional. With such a mechanism, the position of the formwork support beam can be adjusted particularly precisely.

[0018] In embodiments, it is provided that the fifth pivot bearing has a bearing axis that is mounted in one or more aligned bores formed on the formwork support beam and carries the eye of the threaded rod, and wherein the intermediate adapter has one or more aligned recesses for receiving the bearing axis over the entire range of movement between the formwork setting position and the striking position. This can facilitate the assembly of the intermediate adapter and the fifth pivot bearing and enable the pivotability of the intermediate adapter relative to the formwork support beam when the bearing axis of the fifth pivot bearing intersects the contour of the intermediate adapter. The recess can have a first stop for attaching the bearing axis in the formwork setting position and / or a second stop for attaching the bearing axis in the striking position.The first and / or second stop can be used to limit the extent of a pivoting movement between the intermediate adapter and the formwork support beam and to precisely define the formwork position and / or the formwork stripping position.

[0019] In embodiments, the intermediate adapter has a support surface facing the formwork support beam, which is designed to insert and actuate a chiseling tool between the formwork support beam and the support surface to enable or assist in releasing the formwork from the formwork position. This can assist the formwork removal process if the formwork is still adhered to the concrete after curing.

[0020] In some embodiments, the base beam and the formwork support beam each comprise two beam profiles that are connected at a distance from one another and define a gap between them. This enables a particularly load-bearing and rigid design of the beams. At least part of the intermediate adapter and / or the diagonal brace and / or any adjustment mechanism can be arranged in the gap. This can also facilitate the connection of these components, since the respective pivot bearings can be implemented very simply, stably, and effectively using aligned holes in the respective beam profiles and a bolt.

[0021] In some embodiments, the base support runs essentially vertically and / or the formwork support runs essentially horizontally. This refers in each case to the position on the structure. A substantially horizontal formwork support is used for concreting essentially horizontal structural sections, such as the roadway sections of a bridge or cantilevered road. The term “essentially horizontal” encompasses an exactly horizontal run as well as any inclinations in the cantilever direction and gradients perpendicular to the load-bearing plane. In the case of essentially horizontal structural sections, the entire weight of the formwork and the formwork support rests on the support element and thus acts in the release direction. This can assist the release of the formwork from the concreted structural section during stripping or even enable an automatic process.A substantially vertical base beam is useful as a reference geometry for anchoring other elements such as a working platform or the diagonal brace (particularly in the case of a substantially horizontal formwork support beam) or a support rail or elements for bracing against existing structures of the building (such as a trough of a bridge).

[0022] A further aspect of the invention is a supporting structure with at least one, preferably at least two support structures according to one of the preceding claims, wherein successive support structures are connected to one another in a direction transverse to load-bearing planes of the support structures, wherein the connection of the support structures is realized by at least one, preferably several, of the following: - a formwork, in particular with a plurality of support elements extending in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes of the support structures beyond the formwork support beams of the support structures in order to support a formwork element, - a working platform, in particular a planking or beam elements supporting it, which extends in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes of the support structures over platform supports attached to the respective base supports of the support structures, - a support rail extending in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes of the support structures in order to be supported and axially guided in one or more suspension heads attached to the structure, wherein the support rail is fastened to rail connectors which are formed or attached to the respective support structures, preferably the base support or a basic element of an adjustment mechanism attached to the base support, for positioning the formwork support support in the longitudinal direction of the base support.

[0023] The supporting structure comprises one or more support structures connected to one another in a direction transverse to a load-bearing plane of each support structure. Spatially limited sections can be concreted using just one support structure. In particular, if there are already concreted structural sections on both sides of a section to be concreted, formwork can be placed on the already concreted structural sections and the area in between can be formed from the outside using just one support point. If several support structures are connected to one another in the manner described, longer and, in particular, free structural sections can also be formed with the supporting structure. The supporting structure can particularly advantageously have a suspension device. This can, for example, comprise a support rail that is connected to each individual support structure by means of rail connectors.The support rail, in turn, can be accommodated and guided in suspension heads that are attached to the structure at predetermined intervals along a building edge. This allows successive sections of the structure to be concreted in advance. After concreting and curing, one section is removed from the formwork, the supporting structure is moved further, and the next section is formed and concreted, etc.

[0024] Since the supporting structure has all the features and properties of the support structure of the first aspect of the invention, it also realizes its advantages in all basic and advanced embodiments.

[0025] A further aspect of the invention is a method for formwork of a substantially horizontal structural element of a building, preferably a roadway slab of a bridge or other self-supporting structure, to be concreted, by means of at least one support structure according to the above description, which is supported, in particular suspended, and preferably displaceable relative to the building, comprising the steps: - optionally positioning the support structure on the structure, preferably by moving it along a feed direction which is transverse to a load-bearing plane of the support structure; and - Positioning the formwork support beam in a shuttering position in which a concreting side of a formwork mounted on the formwork support beam corresponds to a surface of the structural element to be concreted, by actuating the support element in the lifting direction of the intermediate adapter and / or blocking the support element in the first pivoting position.

[0026] It is understood that at the moment of formwork installation, the structural section to be concreted is not yet physically present, but is defined only in its outer contours by the geometry of the formwork and any already completed, adjacent structural sections. For the purposes of the invention, the volume defined by the formwork, any existing structural edges of adjacent structural sections, and any exposed upper surface is to be understood as the structural section to be concreted.

[0027] A further aspect of the invention is a method for stripping a concrete, substantially horizontal structural element of a building, preferably a roadway slab of a bridge or another self-supporting structure, wherein the structural element is shuttered by means of at least one support structure according to the above description, which is supported, in particular suspended, and preferably displaceable relative to the building, wherein the formwork support beam of the support structure is in a shuttering position, comprising the steps: - Actuating the support element in a lowering direction of the intermediate adapter and / or releasing a blocking of the support element in order to bring the formwork support beam into a stripping position which is lower than the shuttering position; and - optionally removing the support structure from the concreted structural element, preferably by moving it along a feed direction which is transverse to a load-bearing plane of the support structure.

[0028] In both method aspects, the support structure can of course be one of several support structures of the load-bearing structure of the second aspect of the invention; the measures of the respective method steps are then to be carried out for each support structure, if necessary. Suitable devices can enable the measures to be carried out on each support structure to be linked to one another. For example, any locking devices provided on each support structure to block or release a pivoting movement can be connected to one another so that they can be operated jointly.

[0029] Since both methods make use of the support structure of the first aspect of the invention with all its features and properties, they also realize its advantages in all basic and advanced embodiments.

[0030] It is understood that all embodiments described above can be combined with one another, provided they do not necessarily and obviously exclude one another, and that such combinations are further embodiments of the invention.

[0031] The invention will now be described in detail using preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. They show: Fig. 1A shows a supporting structure with a support structure according to a basic embodiment of the invention; Fig. 1B shows a supporting structure with a support structure according to another basic embodiment of the invention; Fig. 1C shows a supporting structure with a support structure according to another basic embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 a section of a supporting structure with a support structure with an intermediate adapter and an adjustment mechanism with a linear displacement unit in a special variant of the basic embodiment of Fig. 1A in connection with a formwork in a perspective view; Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B a section of the supporting structure of Fig. 2 without formwork in a shuttering position and a stripping position of the intermediate adapter in a perspective view; Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B a section of the supporting structure of Fig. 2 without formwork in a shuttering position and a stripping position of the intermediate adapter in a side view; Fig. 5 the supporting structure of Fig. 2 with the formwork and further attachments in a side view; and Fig. 6 the supporting structure with several support structures according to Fig. 2 in a perspective view.

[0032] The representation in the figures serves solely to illustrate the invention and is to be understood as purely schematic.

[0033] A supporting structure 1 according to the invention serves to form a formwork (cf. 20 in Fig. 2) to support and support a structural section or element for concreting. In the present exemplary embodiment, the structural section is a flat structural element cantilevered from a building structure, such as a roadway element cantilevered from a steel box of a bridge, which runs essentially horizontally, including a small angle of inclination σ. However, other structures and structural sections are also conceivable in which the supporting structure 1 or support structure 2 according to the invention can be used to support a formwork. In particular, it is possible to adapt the supporting structure 1 or support structure 2 according to the invention to also support a formwork that runs essentially vertically, as will be explained later.

[0034] For the purpose of explanation, a coordinate system xyz is defined, where a direction x along a building edge (cf. 60 in Fig. 6) runs along which the structural element is to be concreted, a direction y is a horizontal direction pointing away from the building structure towards the side on which a structural section to be concreted is to be concreted, and z is a direction perpendicular to the directions x and y and pointing vertically upwards. The direction x along the building edge is generally assumed to be a horizontal direction, but it may also deviate slightly from the horizontal if, for example, the building edge runs along a road or bridge section with a gradient. Similarly, the direction z is assumed to be a vertical direction, but it may deviate slightly from the vertical in accordance with the deviation of the direction x from the horizontal.When the supporting structure 1 is displaced along the building edge 60 in order to concrete the structure in several building sections one after the other, the direction x is a direction of movement of the supporting structure 1.

[0035] The supporting structure 1 comprises a support structure 2. The supporting structure 1 can also comprise a plurality of support structures 2 that are connected to one another in the direction x in order to provide a plurality of support points for the formwork in the direction x. The support structure 2 comprises a base support 3, a formwork support support 4, an intermediate adapter 5 for connecting the formwork support support 4 to the base support 3, and a diagonal brace 6 for supporting the formwork support support 4 relative to the base support 3. Optionally, a platform support 7 for supporting a working platform (cf. 57 in Fig. 5) may be provided, which is connected to the base support 3 by means of a corner connector 8. The base support 3, the formwork support beam 4 and the diagonal brace 6 extend with their longitudinal directions B, C, D in a plane yz, which is also referred to as the load plane E.

[0036] In technical jargon, the support structure 2 is also called a support plate, which describes the load absorption and load transfer in one plane.

[0037] A base support longitudinal axis B of the base support 3 runs at least substantially in the direction of the vertical direction z. A formwork support beam longitudinal axis C of the formwork support beam 4 intersects the beam longitudinal axis B of the base support 3 at an intersection point S. The formwork support beam 4 points from the intersection point S substantially in the direction of the cantilever direction y. The formwork support beam longitudinal axis C forms a beam angle τ with the base support longitudinal axis B. The beam angle τ is 90° if the formwork support beam axis C runs exactly along the horizontal direction y. The beam angle τ can also deviate from 90° if the formwork support beam axis C has an inclination angle σ relative to the horizontal direction y. The inclination angle σ can point upwards or downwards, depending on whether the section of the structure to be concreted slopes counter to the horizontal direction y or with the horizontal direction y.

[0038] The intermediate adapter 5 is connected to the base support 3 by means of a first pivot bearing L1 and to the formwork support support 4 by means of a second pivot bearing L2. In other words, the intermediate adapter 5 is pivotally mounted in the first pivot bearing L1 relative to the base support 3, and the formwork support support 4 is pivotally mounted in the second pivot bearing L2 relative to the intermediate adapter 5. The intermediate adapter 5 thus forms a two-axis pivot joint between the base support 3 and the formwork support support 4. The diagonal strut 6 is connected to the base support 3 by means of a third pivot bearing L3 and to the formwork support support 4 by means of a fourth pivot bearing L4. In other words, the diagonal strut 6 is pivotally mounted in the third pivot bearing L3 relative to the base support 3 and in the fourth pivot bearing L4 relative to the formwork support support 4.

[0039] With the double-jointed intermediate adapter 5 and the double-jointed diagonal brace 6, these form a four-bar linkage with the base support 3 and the formwork support beam 4, which would be movable without further fixation. To fix this four-bar linkage, a support element 9 is provided, which supports the intermediate adapter 5 against another element of the support structure 2. For this purpose, Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. 1C shows three basic designs.

[0040] In a first basic embodiment according to Fig. 1A, the support element 9 supports the intermediate adapter 5 relative to the formwork support beam 4. The support element 9 is pivotally mounted in a fifth pivot bearing L5 relative to the formwork support beam 4 and mounted in a support bearing L6 relative to the intermediate adapter 5. Specifically, the support element 9 is formed by an eyebolt 12 with an adjusting nut 13, wherein an eyelet end of the eyebolt 12 with a notch 4a formed as a bore in the formwork support beam 4 and a joint axis forms the fifth pivot bearing L5, and a nut 13 screwed onto the threaded end of the eyebolt 12 with an optional axial guide 14 and a stop 15 on the intermediate adapter 5 forms the support bearing L6. In this case, the support element 9 is subjected to tensile load and fixes the four-bar linkage against downward pivoting.There is no need to secure against upward pivoting, as this is already prevented by the weight load due to the dead weight of the formwork support beam 4, the diagonal brace 6 and the intermediate adapter 5, a formwork arranged thereon and, at least before curing, a concreting load.

[0041] In a second basic embodiment according to Fig. 1B, the support element 9 supports the intermediate adapter 5 relative to the base support 3. The support element 9 is pivotally mounted in a fifth pivot bearing L5 relative to the base support 3 and mounted in a support bearing L6 relative to the intermediate adapter 5. Specifically, the support element 9 is formed by a length-adjustable heavy-duty support 16, wherein the support bearing L6 is also designed as a pivot bearing and a bearing eye at one end of the heavy-duty support 16 with a notch 3a in the base support 3, designed as a bore or several aligned bores, and a bearing axis forms the fifth pivot bearing L5, and a bearing eye at another end of the heavy-duty support 16 with one bore or several aligned bores in the intermediate adapter 4 and an articulated axis forms the support bearing L6.

[0042] In a third basic embodiment according to Fig. 1C, the support element 9 supports the intermediate adapter 5 relative to the platform support 7. The support element 9 is pivotally mounted in a fifth pivot bearing L5 relative to the platform support 7 and mounted in a support bearing L6 relative to the intermediate adapter 5. Specifically, the support element 9 is formed by a length-adjustable heavy-duty support 16', wherein the support bearing L6 is also designed as a pivot bearing and a bearing eye at one end of the heavy-duty support 16' with a notch 7a in the platform support designed as a bore or several aligned bores and a bearing axis forms the fifth pivot bearing L5, and a bearing eye at another end of the heavy-duty support 16' with one bore or several aligned bores of the intermediate adapter 4 and an articulated axis forms the support bearing L6.

[0043] The design of the support element 9 and the associated bearings L5, L6 is not limited to the examples shown. For example, the support element 9 in the second or third basic embodiment can also be formed by an eyebolt with an adjusting nut, as in the first basic embodiment, although a buckling load of the eyebolt, which is then subject to compressive stress, would have to be taken into account during design. In the first basic embodiment, a length-adjustable support, such as a heavy-duty support, can also be used if the space between the fifth pivot bearing L5 and the support bearing L6 is sufficient.

[0044] Furthermore, the basic embodiments differ essentially in the location of the support, namely the formwork support beam 4 on the one hand, the base beam 3 on the other hand and the optimal platform beam 7 on the other hand.

[0045] A load plane E of the support structure 2 is spanned by the horizontal direction y and the vertical direction z. The intermediate adapter 5, the formwork support beam 4, and the diagonal brace 6 are pivotable in the load plane E. The second pivot bearing L2 can describe a first pivot circle 10 relative to the first pivot bearing L1, and the fourth pivot bearing L4 can describe a second pivot circle 11 relative to the third pivot bearing L3.

[0046] To form the pivot bearings L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5, in the illustrated embodiments, notches 3a are formed on the base support 3, notches 4a on the formwork support 4, and optionally notches 7a on the platform support 7. The notches 3a, 4a, 7a can each be designed as a bore or several aligned bores formed along the respective longitudinal axes of the base support 3, formwork support 4, and optionally platform support 7. The notches 3a, 4a, 7a can also be designed in other ways, for example as notches or tabs. Notches do not have to be provided; instead, permanently attached or connected or movable and lockable bearing blocks can also be provided on the base support 3, formwork support 4, and optionally platform support 7.

[0047] However, the design of the notches 3a, 4a, 7a is advantageous because they enable simple and quick assembly with defined positions and uniform components. Especially when the notches 3a, 4a, 7a are designed as bores, they also allow the pivot bearings L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 to be mounted using these same notches 3a, 4a, 7a or bores or eyelets on the intermediate adapter 4, the diagonal strut 7, or the support element 9, and simple bolts 23 (see Fig. Fig. 2), if necessary secured by springs 24 or other securing elements.

[0048] In addition, by changing the notch 3a on the base support 3, a simple adjustment mechanism 17, in particular a height adjustment mechanism, for adjusting a position of the formwork support beam 4 in the longitudinal direction of the base support 3 can be realized. Fig. 1B, the intermediate adapter 5 and the diagonal brace 6 are one notch 3a lower than in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1C. For fine adjustment of the position of the formwork, for example, an additional element on the formwork support beam 4 can be used or the thickness of the formwork 20 itself can be varied.

[0049] The formwork 20 is located as in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, on a support side 4a of the formwork support beam 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork 20 has a plurality of formwork board supports 21 which rest on the formwork support beam 4 transversely to the formwork support beam longitudinal direction C and which in turn support a formwork board 22 or a plurality of formwork boards 22. The formwork board supports 21 usually do not rest loosely, but are secured by clamps or the like; likewise, the formwork boards 22 are usually firmly connected to the formwork board supports 21. However, this is entirely exemplary; the formwork 20 can also be constructed differently, for example as a monolithic block or as a (possibly thicker) formwork board 22 or several layers of formwork boards 22 or as a foam-filled box or the like. The structure of the formwork 20 does not limit the invention in any way.

[0050] The adjustment mechanism 17 may additionally, or as the sole adjustment feature, have a Fig. 2, which is attached to the base support 3 and enables continuous adjustment of the intermediate adapter 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the linear displacement unit 25 is attached by bolts 23, which rest in the notches 3a of the base support 3, designed as a bore or several aligned bores, and are secured by springs 24. The linear displacement unit 25 has a base body 26, a bearing block 27 movable relative to the base body, and an adjusting element 28. The base body 26 is designed as an assembled component with two cheeks 26a, an end plate 26b connecting the cheeks 26a, in which a guide 26c is formed in the form of an elongated hole, and a bearing block 26d protruding from the end plate 26b. The cheeks 26a each have bores for receiving bolts 23, which correspond to the notches 3a of the base support in order to attach the linear displacement unit 25 to the base support 3.The movable bearing block 27 is guided in the guide 26c and has devices for forming the first pivot bearing L1. Here, the pivot bearing L1 is formed by a bolt 23 as the bearing axis, bores in the bearing block 27, and a bore in the intermediate adapter 5. The adjusting element 28 here has two eye spindles 28a, 28a' with opposing thread directions and a tensioning shaft 28b in which the spindles run on both sides. A wind rod 28c runs through a diametrical bore in the tensioning shaft 28b to facilitate adjustment. Drives other than the wind rod 28c for the tensioning shaft 28b are also conceivable, such as a wrench size or a design of the tensioning shaft 28b itself with a hexagonal or other polygonal outer contour in cross-section.The eye of one of the eye spindles 28a, 28a' is mounted by means of a bolt 23 in a bore or aligned bores on the fixed bearing block 26d, the eye of the other of the eye spindles 28a, 28a' is mounted by means of a bolt 23 in a bore or aligned bores on the movable bearing block 27. The bearing axis of the eye spindle 28' mounted on the movable bearing block 27 runs parallel to the bearing axis of the first pivot bearing L1. In a . Fig. 4A, Fig. In the modification shown in Figure 4B, the bearing axis of the eye spindle 28' mounted on the movable bearing block 27 and the bearing axis of the first pivot bearing L1 can also coincide. By rotating the tensioning shaft 28b, the movable bearing block 27, and with it the first pivot bearing L1, and thus the position of the intermediate adapter 5 and ultimately the position of the formwork support beam 4 can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the base beam 3. The angular position of the formwork support beam 4 can then be adjusted by screwing in the diagonal strut 6, so that the position of the formwork 20 can be precisely adjusted to the desired contour of the structural section to be concreted. To implement adjustments beyond the range of motion of the linear displacement unit 25, the base body 26 (and the diagonal strut 6) can be fastened in other notches 3a of the base beam 3.

[0051] In the upper area of the linear displacement unit 26, a rail connector 29 is mounted, which is used for connection to a support rail (cf. 50 in Fig. 5). The support rail 50 extends over several support structures 2 in the direction x, i.e. a direction transverse to the load plane E. The support rail 50 can also be constructed from several interconnected or connectable segments, wherein one segment is assigned to each support structure 2. The rail connector 29 has a base element 29a in the form of a profile, here a rectangular profile, which is attached to the base body 26 of the linear displacement unit 25. The base element 29a can be firmly connected to the base body 26 of the linear displacement unit 25, for example, welded. One or more contact elements 29b, which protrude from the base element 29a, serve to support or position the support rail 50. The support rail 50 is firmly connected to the rail connector 29 by means of connecting screws 38 and corresponding nuts 39 (cf. Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B).

[0052] As in Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B, the base support 3 and the formwork support beam 4 are each designed as composite beams with two parallel support profiles 30, 30' and 31, 31', respectively, which are connected at a distance from one another to define an intermediate space in which the intermediate adapter 5 and, if applicable, the base body 26 of the linear displacement unit 25 as well as bearing eyes of the diagonal strut 6 are received, insofar as they run in the area of the base support and the formwork support beam 4. Bores 30a, 31a serve as the notches 3a and 4a, respectively. Furthermore, recesses 30b and 31b, respectively, are formed in the support profiles 30, 30', 31, 31', which can serve other fastening purposes. In modifications, it is also possible for the base support 3 and the formwork support 4 to each have a closed cross-section and to be supported by sections of the intermediate adapter 5, if necessary.the linear displacement unit 25 and then the ends of the diagonal strut 6 designed as bearing blocks. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the intermediate adapter 5 and / or the diagonal strut 6 are mounted in bearing units that protrude from the base support 3 and / or the formwork support beam 4 in the load-bearing plane E.

[0053] In this embodiment, the intermediate adapter 5 is designed as a welded part with two parallel cheeks 32, 32', several spacers 33, 34 between the cheeks 32, 32', and a stop plate 35 connecting the cheeks 32, 32' at one end. Bores in the cheeks 32, 32' serve to accommodate bolts 32 for forming the first and second pivot bearings L1, L2. In this embodiment, the eyebolt 12 with adjusting nut 13 is provided as the support element 9. The eyebolt end of the eyebolt 12, together with a bolt 23 as the bearing axis and a notch 4a of the formwork support beam 4, forms the fifth pivot bearing L5. The threaded end of the eyebolt 12 protrudes through a bore 35a in the stop plate 35 and is thereby guided axially. In other words, the bore 35a forms the axial guide 14.Beyond the stop plate 35, the nut 13 is screwed onto the threaded end of the eyebolt 12 and rests against a surface 35b of the stop plate 35, which thus forms a stop or the contact surface 15 for the adjusting nut 13, thereby forming the support bearing L6. The eyebolt 12 is thus subjected to tensile stress between the fifth pivot bearing L5 and the support bearing L6.

[0054] The bolt 23, which forms the bearing axis of the fifth pivot bearing L5, projects through a recess 32a formed in the cheeks 32, 32', preferably in the form of a curved elongated hole. The recess 32a has a first stop 32b and a second stop 32c, which limit the movement path of the bolt 32 and thus also define the pivoting range of the intermediate adapter 4. The first stop 32b is preferably designed such that the contact of the bolt 32 creates a shuttering position P1 (cf. Fig. 3A, Fig. 4A) of the support structure 2. (The formwork position P1 is defined by the fact that the support side 4b of the formwork support beam 4, which faces the formwork 20 and supports it, lies in a formwork plane 40. The formwork plane 40, in turn, is a plane in which an outer side of the formwork 20 must run so that an inner side of the formwork 20, or more precisely of the formwork board 22, defines the outer contour of the structural section to be concreted.) This avoids subsequent measurements and adjustments during formwork installation. In a modification, the first stop 32b can allow a range of motion that permits different, but then not structurally predetermined, formwork positions, which can increase versatility of use and enable the possibility of adaptation to different inclinations of the structural section to be concreted over the course of an elongated structure.In further modifications, it is also conceivable for an adjustable stop element (not shown in detail) to be provided on the intermediate adapter 5, which allows for a stop in various formwork positions. The second stop 32c serves to catch the support structure 2 during formwork removal and thus defines a formwork removal position P2 (see . Fig. 3B, Fig. 4B).

[0055] By turning the adjusting nut 13 in a first direction of rotation 36, the adjusting nut 13 is moved in the direction of the stop plate 35, taking the intermediate adapter 5 with it, thereby reducing the distance between the fifth pivot bearing L5 and the support bearing L6. As a result, the intermediate adapter 5, and thus in particular also the second pivot bearing L2, pivots away from the base support 3 or towards the component to be concreted. Since the diagonal strut 6 is coupled to the intermediate adapter 5 via the formwork support beam 4, it can and must inevitably follow the pivoting movement of the intermediate adapter 5, so that the fourth pivot bearing L4 also moves away from the base support 3 or towards the component to be concreted. Thus, the formwork support beam 4 also moves away from the base support 3 or towards the component to be concreted, at least in the area between the second pivot bearing L2 and the fourth pivot bearing L4. This movement therefore serves to secure or formwork.In this way, the formwork support beam 4 can be brought into the formwork position P1.

[0056] If the adjusting nut 13 is moved in a second direction of rotation 36', which is opposite to the first direction of rotation 36, the adjusting nut 13 is moved away from the stop plate 35. The intermediate adapter 5, which is preloaded by the formwork support beam 4 and the formwork 20, follows the adjusting nut 13, provided the formwork is not adhering to the concrete part. This increases the distance between the fifth pivot bearing L5 and the support bearing L6, and the intermediate adapter pivots about the first pivot bearing L1 toward the base beam 3 or away from the structural section to be concreted. The diagonal brace 6 follows this pivoting movement, and the formwork support beam 4 moves, at least in the area between the second pivot bearing L2 and the fourth pivot bearing L4, toward the base beam 3 or away from the structural component to be concreted. This movement therefore serves to release or strip the formwork. The formwork support beam 4 can thus be brought into the stripping position P2.In the stripping position P2 there is a free space 41 between the support side 4b of the formwork support beam 4 and the formwork plane 40.

[0057] Depending on the geometric conditions of the bearing spacing, it is conceivable that areas of the formwork support beam 4 outside the area between the second pivot bearing L2 and the fourth pivot bearing L4 execute a movement which, with regard to the approach to or distance from the structural section to be concreted, is opposite to the movement of the area between the second pivot bearing L2 and the fourth pivot bearing L4. This could lead to jamming with the structural section to be concreted or with existing structural sections. It is therefore advantageous to either ensure that the formwork 20 only rests against the structural section to be concreted or with existing structural sections in the area between the second pivot bearing L2 and the fourth pivot bearing L4, or that the formwork support beam moves in all areas with regard to the approach to or distance from the structural section to be concreted.Distance from the section of the structure to be concreted is moved in the same direction, so that the formwork system area is always reliably located below the formwork level 40.

[0058] The geometric relationships are now shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 4 described in more detail. The formwork support beam 4 is shown in the formwork position P1, in which the support side 4b of the formwork support beam 4 lies in the formwork plane 40. The base beam longitudinal axis B is assumed to be along the centers of the notches 3a of the base beam 3, and the formwork support beam longitudinal axis C is assumed to be along the centers of the notches 4a of the formwork support beam 4. The diagonal strut longitudinal axis D runs in the center of the cross-sections of the diagonal strut 6. A pivot bearing connecting line A connects the centers of the first pivot bearing L1 and the second pivot bearing L2; it can also be understood as the adapter pivot axis A.

[0059] As can be seen, the base support longitudinal axis B forms a diagonal angle δ with the diagonal strut longitudinal axis D and an adapter angle ϕ with the pivot bearing connection line A. Furthermore, the pivot bearing connection line A forms a formwork support beam angle ρ with the formwork support beam longitudinal axis C. A joint angle γ, which is defined between the base support longitudinal axis B and the formwork support beam longitudinal axis C, results from the relationship γ = 180° - ϕ - ρ. An inclination angle σ between the horizontal and the formwork support beam longitudinal axis C, which determines an inclination of the formwork and which is defined positively if the inclination decreases from the outside towards the intersection point S, and which is defined negatively if the inclination decreases outwards from the intersection point S, results from the relationship σ = 90° - ϕ - ρ. Here, φ is defined positively counterclockwise from the base support longitudinal axis B and ρ is defined positively from the pivot bearing connection line A.This means that if, for example, the formwork support beam 4 were positioned at a steeper angle relative to the base beam's longitudinal axis B, the formwork support beam angle ρ would be negative. If the support bearing L6 is now lowered (away from the formwork plane 40), the intermediate adapter 5 pivots, so that the adapter angle ϕ increases, and the diagonal brace 6 pivots in the same way, so that the diagonal angle δ also increases. Depending on the geometric conditions, in particular the distances between the pivot bearings L1 and L2, L2 and L4, L1 and L3, and the length of the diagonal brace 6, the formwork support beam angle ρ can increase or decrease, or remain the same.It is advantageous if the geometric conditions are designed in such a way that the formwork support beam angle ρ also increases, since then the support side of the formwork support beam 4 lies below the formwork plane 40 everywhere and over the entire pivoting range between the formwork setting position P1 and the striking position P2, and the formwork then moves and remains reliably away from the previously concreted structure section at all points. The pivoting behavior of the formwork support beam 4 will essentially depend on the relative positions of the bearings L1 to L6 to one another. Particularly controlled pivoting behavior as well as particularly stable bracing can be achieved if the pivot bearing connection line A runs at approximately 45° and the diagonal strut axis D runs approximately parallel to the pivot bearing connection line A, which connects the first pivot bearing L1 and the second pivot bearing L2.A deviation of + / - 15° is generally uncritical. The precise design for the specific application is determined by geometric calculations or tests, which are familiar to experts.

[0060] In Fig. 5 also shows further details of the supporting structure 1 and the individual support structure 2.

[0061] As already described, the support rail 50 is attached to the rail connector 29 by means of one or more connecting screws 38. The support rail 50 typically extends at right angles or at least transversely to the load-bearing plane E across all support structures 2 of the supporting structure 1 and serves to suspend the supporting structure 1 from the building. The support rail 50 can optionally be segmented, with each support structure 2 being assigned a segment.

[0062] In order to absorb a moment about the axis of the support rail 50, a lateral support 52 can be provided which is connected to the support structure 2. In this exemplary embodiment, the lateral support 52 has a support arm 53 which is articulated on the base support 3 and further braced via a strut 54. The strut 54 can be adjustable in length, for example via a spindle mechanism. One or more support fingers 55 are axially displaceably mounted on the support arm 53 and each carry a contact element, here in the form of a support roller 56. The support roller 56 rests against a wall of the building during operation and can remain on the wall of the building when the supporting structure 1 is displaced. The side support 52 is the subject of a subsequently published application DE 10 2023 111 852.8 (PA23015DE, PER086PDE) of the applicant, the disclosure content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0063] The already mentioned working platform 57 is formed by the platform support 7 of each or at least several support structures 2 of the supporting structure 1, a planking 58 which extends across the platform supports 7 transversely, in particular at right angles, to the load-bearing plane E and preferably approximately horizontally, and a railing 59 which extends on a side of the platform support 3 facing away from the base support 3 transversely to the load-bearing plane E, preferably approximately vertically.

[0064] In Fig. 6 shows a section at the intersection area of the base support 3 and the formwork support beam 4 of two support structures 2 of the supporting structure 1 on a building (building edge 60).

[0065] The intermediate adapter 5 is shown on the left support structure 2 in the figure, with the adjusting nut 13 of the support bearing L6 resting against a surface 35b of the intermediate adapter 5, which forms the contact surface 15. A screw attachment 61 is provided as a drive tool for moving the adjusting nut 13. The screw attachment 61 is positively adapted to a contour of the adjusting nut 13 and is designed for coupling to a screwing tool (impact wrench, drill driver, or the like).

[0066] As mentioned, the mounting rail 50, the Fig. 6 is not shown, held and guided in suspension heads that are attached to the structure along the building edge 60. The suspension heads are not shown in detail in the figure, but in the area of the support structure 2 on the right in the figure, a support arm 62 is shown, which is articulated to one of the suspension heads and braced via a strut 63. The strut 63 is preferably variable in length so that an angular position of the support arm can be adjusted. The support arm 63 is supported on a wall of the structure via a contact element 64 in the form of a support foot. Embodiments of the suspension head and the support arm 62 are the subject of the subsequently published applications DE 10 2023 111 853.6 (PA23012DE, PER085PDE), DE 10 2023 122 222.8 (PA23076DE, PER085PWO) and DE 10 2023 111 850.1 (PA23014DE, PER086DE) of the applicant, the disclosure content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0067] In the Fig. 2, Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. In Figure 6, the intermediate adapter 5, which in the specific embodiments is located in a gap between the two parallel support profiles 31, 31' of the formwork support beam 4, is shown in solid lines. This serves to clarify the structure of the intermediate adapter 5, but should not be interpreted as meaning that the intermediate adapter 5 is intended to be located outside the gap between the support profiles 31, 31', even if it appears so.

[0068] The present invention has been described above with reference to a supporting structure 1 for concreting a substantially horizontal structural section, such as a bridge or cantilevered road section (where the roadway gradient or lateral inclination are assumed to be slight and are encompassed by the substantially horizontal course within the meaning of this invention). However, the supporting structure 1 according to the invention can also be adapted for concreting structural sections with a pronounced slope or even a substantially vertical course. For this purpose, for example, each support structure 2 can simply be rotated by the required angle. The working platform 57, if present, should of course also then run substantially horizontally, so that the platform support 7 would be connected to the base support 3 at an angle other than a right angle or coincide with the base support 3.If, however, a substantially vertical extension of the base support 3 is required on the construction site, the base support 3 may need to be supplemented by a permanently attached auxiliary support (not shown in detail), on which the diagonal brace 6 can be mounted in a position relative to the intermediate adapter 5 in such a way that it enables the pivoting movement of the formwork support beam 4 provided in the sense described above. For the purposes of the invention, such an auxiliary support is to be understood as part of the base support 3.

[0069] Features described in the various embodiments can also be used in other embodiments, unless this is impossible for obvious technical or physical reasons. For example, a Fig. 1A to 1C shown offset in the notch 3a selected for the first pivot bearing L1 or the third pivot bearing L3 also as a coarse adjustment part of an adjustment mechanism 17 of the Fig. 2 ff., while the linear displacement units 25 shown there serve as a fine adjustment part of the adjustment mechanism 17.

[0070] Furthermore, it is understood that the invention is defined in various aspects by features of the independent claims. If additional features are described in the exemplary embodiments, these can also define a new subject matter of the invention individually or in any combination, provided that such a combination solves a problem apparent from the application documents. List of reference symbols 1 supporting structure 2 Support structure 3 base supports 3a rest 4 horizontal beams 4a rest 4b Support side 5 intermediate adapters 6 diagonal braces 7 stage supports 7a rest 8 corner connectors 9 Support element 10 Swivel circle 11 Swivel circle 12 Eyelet screw (column clamping eye) 13 Adjusting nut 14 Axial guide 15 contact surface 16, 16' support (heavy duty support) 17 Adjustment mechanism 18 Stroke direction (forming direction, feed direction) 19 Lowering direction (stripping direction, release direction) 20 formwork 21 formwork board supports 21a Investment page 22 formwork board 22a Concreting side 23 Bearing axis (bolt) 24 securing element (spring) 25 Linear displacement unit 26 basic bodies 26a cheek 26b Front plate 26c guide (long hole) 26d fixed bearing block 27 movable bearing block 28 Control element 28a, 28a' Eye spindles right-hand, left-hand 28b tension shaft 28c wind pole 29 rail connectors 29a Basic element (profile) 29b Investment element 30, 30' support profile 30a bore 30b recess 31, 31' support profile 31a bore 31b Recess 32, 32' cheek 32a recess 32b First attack 32c Second stop 33, 34 spacer (sheet metal) 35 stop plate 35a bore 35b Surface (contact surface) 36 Direction of rotation for locking (formwork) 36' direction of rotation for release (stripping) 38 Connecting screw 39 mother 40 Formwork level 41 open space 50 mounting rail 52 Side support 53 Support arm 54 Strut 55 supporting fingers 56 support roller 57 work platform 58 planking 59 railings 60 building edge 61 screw attachment 62 support arm 63 Strut 64 Investment element A Swivel bearing connection line (adapter swivel axis) B Base support longitudinal axis C Formwork support beam longitudinal axis D Diagonal strut axis E Load-bearing level L1 First pivot bearing L2 Second pivot bearing L3 Third pivot bearing L4 Fourth pivot bearing L5 Fifth pivot bearing L6 support bearing P1 Switching position P2 Stripping position S intersection point a Distance of the inner edge of the formwork between the shuttering and striking positions x, y, z coordinates γ joint angle δ diagonal angle ϕ adapter angle ρ horizontal beam angle σ angle of inclination (side tilt angle)

[0071] The above list is an integral part of the description. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2023 111 852.8

[0062] DE 10 2023 111 853.6

[0066] DE 10 2023 122 222.8

[0066] DE 10 2023 111 850.1

[0066]

Claims

[1] Support structure (2) for a formwork (20) for concreting structural elements of a building, preferably roadway slabs of bridges or other self-supporting structures, in particular in intermittent feed operation, the support structure comprising: - a formwork support beam (4) for supporting the formwork (20) or a section of the formwork (20), - a base support (3) which can be positioned relative to the structure in a preferably fixable position, - an intermediate adapter (5) through which the formwork support beam (4) is hinged to the base beam (3), preferably in an approximately perpendicular position to each other, - a diagonal brace (6) which supports the formwork support beam (4) and the base beam (3) approximately diagonally against each other, - a first pivot bearing (L1) on which the intermediate adapter (5) is pivotally mounted relative to the base support (3), - a second pivot bearing (L2), on which the formwork support beam (4) is pivotally mounted relative to the intermediate adapter (5), and - a support element (9) which supports the intermediate adapter (5) relative to another element of the support structure (2), in particular the formwork support beam (4), the base beam (3) or a platform beam (7), wherein the diagonal strut (6) is pivotally mounted in a third pivot bearing (L3) relative to the base support (3) and is pivotally mounted in a fourth pivot bearing (L4) relative to the formwork support beam (4), and wherein the support element (9) is adjustable, in particular length-adjustable, or detachable in order to enable pivoting of the intermediate adapter (5) relative to the base support (3). [2] Support structure (2) according to claim 1, wherein the third pivot bearing (L3) and the fourth pivot bearing (L4) are further away from an intersection point of longitudinal axes of the formwork support beam (4) and the base beam (3) than the intermediate adapter (5), and wherein the diagonal strut (6) is preferably adjustable in length. [3] Support structure (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diagonal strut (6) is a length-adjustable heavy-duty support or formwork support and preferably has a spindle lifting mechanism for length adjustment. [4] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pivoting of the intermediate adapter (5) relative to the base support (3) comprises a shuttering position (P1) and a stripping position (P2), wherein a support side of the formwork support beam (4) in the shuttering position (P1) defines a shuttering plane (40) in a direction transverse to a load-bearing plane (E) of the support structure (2), and wherein each point of a contact area on the support side of the formwork support beam (4) which is designed to bear against the formwork is spaced from the shuttering plane (40) in each position between the shuttering position (P1) and the stripping position (P2) in a direction pointing away from the structural section to be concreted. [5] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support element (9) comprises a length-adjustable strut or a stop element on the intermediate adapter (5) and a removable or releasable lock. [6] Support structure (2) according to claim 5, wherein the support element (9) has a length-variable support, in particular a heavy-duty support (19, 19') or formwork support or upper link, which is mounted in a support bearing (L6) opposite the intermediate adapter (5) and in a fifth pivot bearing (L5) opposite the other element, wherein the support bearing (L6) is designed as a pivot bearing. [7] Support structure (2) according to claim 5, wherein the support element (9) comprises a threaded rod (12) with a bearing eye, which is mounted in a support bearing (L6) on the intermediate adapter (5) and with the bearing eye in a fifth pivot bearing (L5) on the other element, and an adjusting nut (13) which is screwed onto the threaded rod (12), wherein the support bearing (L6) is designed as an axial guide for the threaded rod (12) with a contact surface (15) for the adjusting nut (13). [8] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an adjustment mechanism is provided for adjusting a position of the formwork support beam (4) relative to the base beam (3), in particular in the longitudinal direction of the base beam (3). [9] Support structure (2) according to claim 8, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises a displacement unit (25) attached to or formed on the base support (3), wherein the displacement unit (25) comprises a base element (26) with a guide (26a) for guiding a pivot bearing unit (28) in an adjustment direction which coincides in particular with a longitudinal direction of the base support (3), wherein the pivot bearing unit (28) carries or partially forms the first pivot bearing (L1), and an actuating element (27) which supports the pivot bearing unit (28) relative to the base element (26) and moves it in the adjustment direction when actuated. [10] Support structure (2) according to claim 7, wherein the fifth pivot bearing (L5) has a bearing axis (23) which is mounted in one or more aligned bores (31a) formed on the formwork support beam (4) and carries the eye of the threaded rod (12), and wherein the intermediate adapter (5) has one or more aligned recesses (32a) for receiving the bearing axis (23) in the entire range of movement between the formwork position (P1) and the formwork stripping position (P2), wherein the recess (32a) preferably has a first stop (32b) for stopping the bearing axis in the formwork position (P2) and / or a second stop (32c) for stopping the bearing axis (23) in the formwork stripping position (P1). [11] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate adapter (5) has a support surface (42) facing the formwork support beam (4) which is designed to introduce and actuate a chiseling tool between the formwork support beam (4) and the support surface (42) in order to enable or assist release from the formwork position (P1). [12] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base support (3) and the formwork support support (4) each have two support profiles (30, 30', 31, 31') which are connected at a distance from one another and define a gap between them, wherein preferably at least a part of the intermediate adapter (5) and / or the diagonal strut and / or an adjustment mechanism according to claim 8 or 9 is arranged in the gap. [13] Support structure (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base support (3) extends substantially vertically and / or the formwork support support (4) extends substantially horizontally. [14] Supporting structure (1) with at least two support structures (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein successive support structures (2) are connected to one another in a direction transverse to load-bearing planes (E) of the support structures (2), wherein the connection of the support structures (2) is realized by at least one, preferably several, of the following: - a formwork (20), in particular with a plurality of support elements (21) which extend in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes (E) of the support structures (2) beyond the formwork support beams (4) of the support structures (2) in order to support a formwork element (22), - a working platform (57), in particular a planking (58) or beam elements supporting the same, which extends in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes (E) of the support structures (2) over platform supports (7) attached to the respective base supports (3) of the support structures (2), - a support rail (50) extending in the direction transverse to the load-bearing planes (E) of the support structures (2) in order to be mounted and guided axially in one or more suspension heads attached to the structure, wherein the support rail (50) is fastened to rail connectors (29) which are formed or attached to the respective support structures (2), preferably the base support (3) or a base element (26) of an adjustment mechanism (17) attached to the base support (3), for positioning the formwork support support (4) in the longitudinal direction of the base support (3). [15] Method for formwork of a substantially horizontal structural element of a building, preferably a roadway slab of a bridge or other self-supporting structure, to be concreted, by means of at least one support structure (2) according to one of claims 1 to 13, which is supported, in particular suspended, and preferably displaceable relative to the building, comprising the steps: - optionally positioning the support structure (2) on the structure, preferably by moving it along a feed direction (x) which runs transversely to a load-bearing plane (E) of the support structure (2); and - Positioning the formwork support beam (4) in a formwork setting position (P1) in which a concreting side (51) of a formwork (20) mounted on the formwork support beam (4) corresponds to a surface of the building element to be concreted, by actuating the support element (9) in the lifting direction (18) of the intermediate adapter (5) and / or blocking the support element (9) in the first pivoting position. [16] Method for stripping the formwork of a concreted, substantially horizontal structural element of a building, preferably a roadway slab of a bridge or another self-supporting structure, wherein the structural element is shuttered by means of at least one support structure (2) according to one of claims 1 to 13, which is supported, in particular suspended, and preferably displaceable relative to the building, wherein the formwork support beam (4) of the support structure (2) is in a shuttering position (P1), comprising the steps: - actuating the support element (9) in a lowering direction of the intermediate adapter (5) and / or releasing a blocking of the support element (9) in order to bring the formwork support beam (4) into a dismantling position (P2) which is lower than the shuttering position (P1); and - optionally removing the support structure (2) from the concreted building element, preferably by moving it along a feed direction (x) which runs transversely to a load-bearing plane (E) of the support structure (2).

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