Carabiner

Abstract

Carabiner (1),- with a C-shaped carabiner body (2) having a bearing end (5), a closing end (6) and a carabiner opening (7) which is limited by the bearing end (5) and the closing end (6),- with a bolt (3) which is pivotably mounted on the bearing end (5) between a closed position (SS) closing the carabiner opening (7) and an open position (OS) opening the carabiner opening (7) about a pivot axis (8),- with a spring device (4) for driving the bolt (3) by means of a spring force (9), characterized in that the carabiner (1) has a manually operable state setting device (10) for adjusting a carabiner state which is configured such that the carabiner (1) can be adjusted into a normal state (NZ) and into a loaded state (LZ),- that, in the set normal state (NZ), the bolt (3) can be pivoted from the closed position (SS) to the open position (OS) by means of a manually applied opening force (11) against the spring force (9), and, in the absence of an opening force (11), is driven by the spring force (9) and automatically pivots back from the open position (OS) to the closed position (SS), - that, in the set loading state (LZ), the bolt (3) can be pivoted from the closed position (SS) to the open position (OS) by means of the manually applied opening force (11) against the spring force (9), and, in the absence of an opening force (11), is held in the open position (OS) by the spring force (9).

Description

The present invention relates to a carabiner according to the preamble of claim 1. A carabiner of this type, which can also be called a snap hook, is known from US 2008 / 0005876A1 and has a C-shaped carabiner body with a bearing end, a closing end, and a carabiner opening defined by the bearing end and the firing end. The carabiner also has a bolt that is pivotably mounted at the bearing end between a closed position (closing the carabiner opening) and an open position (opening the carabiner opening) about a pivot axis. Furthermore, the carabiner is equipped with a spring mechanism for actuating the bolt by means of spring force. Such a carabiner can be opened by manually actuating the bolt, by pivoting the bolt from the closed position to the open position by means of a manually applied opening force against the spring force of the spring mechanism.When the latch is released, i.e., when the opening force is removed, the spring force drives the latch back from the open position to the closed position, so that the latch automatically pivots into the closed position and thus closes the carabiner. This automatic closing of the carabiner can also be described as a snap-lock mechanism. Accordingly, the latch that automatically snaps back into the closed position can also be called a gate. To prevent such a carabiner from opening unintentionally, the known carabiner is provided with a safety device that secures the latch in the closed position. In the known carabiner, this safety device is configured so that it can be operated with one hand and is therefore easy to use. While it is convenient for many applications for the carabiner to automatically snap back from the open to the closed position, it can be advantageous for other applications if the open carabiner remains in the open position. For example, for a carabiner used on a person to carry equipment or tools, it can be a significant advantage for loading and unloading if the carabiner can remain open for both operations. In mountaineering, for instance, a climber might carry a large number of belay devices and other equipment using a carabiner, also known as a gear carabiner, and it is considerably easier to load the carabiner if it remains open.Removing materials held in a carabiner with one hand is also easier if the locking mechanism can remain open. Such carabiners can also be used in workplace safety for carrying materials and tools on a person's body. For example, a chainsaw can be carried in a carabiner during tree care. For one-handed removal of the chainsaw, it is a significant advantage if the carabiner can remain open. Another carabiner of this type is known from DE 37 00 781 A1, the bolt of which can be adjusted from the closed position to a first open position by means of a manually applied opening force against a spring force, wherein, in the absence of an opening force, the bolt is automatically pivoted back from the first open position to the closed position by the spring force. Furthermore, the bolt can be adjusted beyond the first open position to a second open position by means of an increased opening force, in which the spring force is in an over-center position, so that, in the absence of an opening force, the bolt is held in the second open position by the spring force. US Patent 5,416,955 A discloses a carabiner in which the spring mechanism is configured such that when the bolt is swung open, a dead center position is overcome, so that when the open position is reached, the spring mechanism holds the bolt in the open position. To close the bolt, a release mechanism must be actuated, which drives the bolt out of the open position against the spring force. When the bolt is swung back, the dead center position is again overcome, so that the spring force then drives the bolt towards the closed position for the remaining travel distance. However, such a carabiner is unsuitable for applications where automatic closing after opening the carabiner is desired. US Patent 2011 / 0113604A1 discloses a carabiner equipped with an additional locking hook that secures the gate in the open position when the carabiner is open. The use of the locking hook is optional, making this carabiner suitable for applications where automatic closure is desired as well as those where it is undesired. However, on this particular carabiner, the locking hook cannot be operated, or can only be operated with extreme difficulty, using the same hand as the gate, requiring both hands to be free for optimal use. From WO 2021 / 245 399 A1 another carabiner is known which is equipped with a stirrup-like locking lever, with the help of which the bolt can be locked in the open position when the carabiner is open. Other carabiners are known from WO 95 / 19 505 A1 and from DE 296 10 293 U1. The present invention addresses the problem of showing a way to improve the usability of a carabiner of the type mentioned above, while also striving for ease of use. This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. The invention is based on the general concept of equipping the carabiner with a manually operated state-setting device, making it easy to manually switch the carabiner between a normal state and a charged state. In the normal state, the snap function is activated, so that when the carabiner is opened, the latch automatically swings back into the closed position. In the charged state, on the other hand, the snap function is deactivated, so that when the carabiner is opened, the latch remains in the open position. The state-setting device can be operated manually and allows for easy handling of the carabiner. This makes it easy to switch between the normal state and the charged state as needed, which significantly improves the usability of the carabiner. Specifically, the invention proposes that the carabiner has a manually operated state-setting device for adjusting the carabiner's state, configured such that the carabiner can be adjusted to a normal state and a loading state for loading and unloading. In the normal state, the bolt can be pivoted from the closed position to the open position by means of a manually applied opening force against the spring force, whereby, if no opening force is applied, the bolt is automatically pivoted back from the open position to the closed position by the spring force. In the loading state, the bolt can be pivoted from the closed position to the open position by means of a manually applied opening force against the spring force, whereby, if no opening force is applied, the bolt is held in the open position by the spring force.It is noteworthy that in the normal state the spring mechanism is used to drive the bolt from the open position to the closed position and thus to automatically close the carabiner, while in the loaded state it is used to hold the bolt in the open position. In the present context, a “configuration” is synonymous with a “design” and / or “setup”, so that the phrase “configured so that” is synonymous with the phrase “designed so that” and / or “set up so that”. According to an advantageous embodiment, the state-setting device can be configured so that it can be manually operated with one hand to set the normal state and the loaded state. This significantly simplifies the operation of the carabiner. The user is able to operate the carabiner with only one hand to switch between the normal state and the loaded state. Furthermore, the user can open and close the carabiner with one hand in the loaded state and load and unload it with one hand in the open state. According to an advantageous embodiment, the spring assembly can be supported on the bolt at a bolt support point formed on the bolt and on the carabiner body at a body support point formed on the carabiner body, and can also be configured to drive the bolt support point and the body support point away from each other. For example, the spring assembly can have an axial compression spring that is supported at one end at the bolt support point and at the other end at the body support point under preload, i.e., in a compressed state, so that the spring assembly pushes the two support points apart or drives them away from each other.Furthermore, the state-setting device can be configured to change the relative position between the bolt support point, the body support point, and the axis of rotation in order to adjust the carabiner state. Specifically, in the normal state, the axis of rotation lies on the same side of a support line passing through the bolt support point and the body support point in both the closed and open positions, while in the loaded state, the axis of rotation lies on opposite sides of this support line in both the closed and open positions. This ensures that, in the normal state, the axis of rotation lies on the same side of the aforementioned support line when opening and closing the bolt, preferably on the side facing the carabiner opening, so that the spring force of the filter device can generate a torque that drives the bolt into the closed position.In contrast, during loading, the axis of rotation is shifted from one side of the relevant support line to the other. This results in a dead center position during adjustment movements, where the axis of rotation lies precisely on the support line that runs through the bolt support point and the body support point. This creates an over-dead center position for the open position, in which the direction of action of the spring force is reversed. When opening the bolt, i.e., when pivoting the bolt from the closed position, the spring force opposes the opening movement. In the dead center position, the spring force is ineffective. Afterward, in the over-dead center position, the spring force drives the bolt in the opening direction, i.e., into the open position. This simple method allows the spring mechanism to be used to hold the bolt in the open position during loading. This eliminates the need for additional locking devices and the like, which significantly impair one-handed operation of the carabiner. According to an advantageous embodiment, the state-setting device for adjusting the axis of rotation can be configured such that, in the open position of the bolt in the normal state, the axis of rotation lies on one side of the support line passing through the bolt support point and the body support point, and in the loaded state, it lies on the other side of this support line. The axis of rotation is adjusted transversely to its direction of extension, i.e., radially. This makes it particularly easy to adjust the position of the axis of rotation from one side of the aforementioned support line to the other. According to an advantageous embodiment, the bolt can be pivotably mounted at the bearing end of the carabiner body by means of a bearing pin, the bearing pin defining the axis of rotation. For example, the bearing pin has a longitudinal center axis that runs coaxially to the axis of rotation. The state-setting device can then be configured to adjust the bearing pin transversely to the axis of rotation. Adjusting the bearing pin also adjusts the axis of rotation, making the desired change of state particularly easy to achieve. According to an advantageous embodiment, the bearing pin at the bearing end of the carabiner body can be adjustably arranged transversely to the axis of rotation in a guide formed at the bearing end, which may in particular be formed by an elongated hole. The condition setting device can then be configured to adjust the bearing pin within the guide. The guide provides a particularly high level of functional reliability for the condition setting device. According to an advantageous embodiment, the guide can have a first end stop, which corresponds to the normal state and against which the bearing journal rests in the normal state, and a second end stop opposite the first end stop, which corresponds to the charging state and against which the bearing journal rests in the charging state. This results in unambiguous positions for the bearing journal within the guide in both the normal and charging states, thus ensuring a high degree of operational reliability. According to an advantageous embodiment, the state-setting device can have a manually actuated adjusting pin, in particular a wedge-shaped one, which is inserted into the guide between the bearing journal and the second end stop to set the normal state, pressing the bearing journal against the first end stop, and which is inserted into the guide between the bearing journal and the first end stop to set the charging state, pressing the bearing journal against the second end stop. This ensures a high level of operational reliability for the state-setting device. In another embodiment, the bearing pin may have a threaded opening extending through it, perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, the positioning device may include a manually operated adjusting screw, rotatably mounted on the carabiner body and passing through the threaded opening, allowing the bearing pin to be adjusted along the screw by turning it. In this embodiment, the positioning device is extremely easy to operate. Moreover, the bearing pin is secured in the position set by the adjusting screw, thus preventing, in particular, unintentional adjustment of the adjusting screw and consequently of the bearing pin. In another embodiment, the bearing pin can be rigidly connected to an actuating rod extending transversely to the axis of rotation. The condition setting device has a manually operable eccentric lever that is pivotably mounted on the carabiner body about a pivot axis extending transversely to the axis of rotation and is coupled to the actuating rod. By pivoting the eccentric lever, the actuating rod can be adjusted in its longitudinal direction, with the actuating rod carrying the bearing pin along with it. Such eccentric levers are particularly easy to operate with one hand, enabling reliable one-handed operation of the condition setting device. In another embodiment, the state-setting device can be configured to adjust the body support point such that, in the open position of the bolt, the axis of rotation lies on one side of the support line passing through the bolt support point and the body support point in the normal state, and on the other side of this support line in the loaded state. By adjusting the body support point transversely to the axis of rotation, the relative position to the axis of rotation can also be changed, thereby indirectly altering the position of the axis of rotation with respect to the support line. In another embodiment, the state-setting device for adjusting the bolt support point can be configured such that, in the open position of the bolt in the normal state, the axis of rotation lies on one side of the support line passing through the bolt support point and the body support point, and in the loaded state, it lies on the other side of this support line. Adjusting the bolt support point transversely to the axis of rotation also changes the relative position of the axis of rotation with respect to the support line. In another embodiment, the state-setting device can also be configured so that the carabiner can be adjusted into a blocking state in which the bolt is locked in the closed position and cannot be pivoted into the open position. This gives the state-setting device an additional function, namely securing the bolt in the closed position. This eliminates the need for other, separate, and additional safety measures to secure the bolt in the closed position. According to an advantageous embodiment, a positive locking contour can be formed between the bolt and the closing end of the carabiner body. This contour is configured to be deactivated in the normal state and when loaded, allowing the bolt to pivot from the closed position to the open position. In the locked position, the positive locking contour is activated, securing the bolt in the closed position by positive locking. This results in particularly high reliability for securing the bolt in the closed position. Activating and deactivating the positive locking contour is especially easy to achieve by adjusting the axis of rotation to move the carabiner into the locked position, particularly by adjusting the pivot pin. The axis of rotation, and in particular the pivot pin, is fixed in position transversely to the axis of rotation with respect to the bolt, so that adjustment of the axis of rotation or the pivot pin is not required.The movement of the pivot pin leads to a corresponding adjustment of the bolt. Accordingly, an adjustment of the pivot axis or the pivot pin relative to the carabiner body results in a corresponding adjustment of the bolt relative to the bolt body. In particular, this allows the relative position between the bolt and the closing end of the carabiner body to be changed. With appropriate configuration, it is therefore easy to position the bolt in the locked state so that a positive engagement occurs between the bolt and the closing end. For example, an undercut contour can be formed at the bolt end, which the bolt engages behind when locked. Likewise, the bolt itself can have an undercut contour that engages behind the closing end when locked.In the normal state and in the charging state, the bolt is adjusted relative to the closing end to such an extent that this positive locking engagement between bolt and closing end is no longer possible. According to an advantageous embodiment, the spring assembly can comprise a helical compression spring and a spring pin. The helical compression spring can preferably be inserted into a spring receptacle formed on the bolt. The spring pin can be coupled to the helical compression spring, so that the helical compression spring drives the spring pin. The spring pin can also be supported against a support contour formed at the bearing end of the carabiner body. The support contour then forms the body support point. In this way, the carabiner presented here is extremely compact, since space within the bolt is used to house the spring assembly. According to another advantageous embodiment, the carabiner can have a locking sleeve on the bolt, which is adjustable between a locked and unlocked position when the bolt is in the firing position. In the locked position, the locking sleeve secures the bolt in the closed position. In the unlocked position, the locking sleeve unlocks the bolt, allowing it to be moved to the open position. Such a locking sleeve effectively prevents the carabiner from opening unintentionally. According to another embodiment, the carabiner can have a webbing clip on its body, configured for securing the carabiner to a belt, harness, or harness worn by the person using the carabiner. Securing the carabiner, for example, to a person's waist belt, positions and, in particular, fixes the carabiner in place, significantly simplifying the loading and unloading of the carabiner when loaded. The webbing clip can have a base plate and a screw plate. The base plate can be formed by a section of the carabiner body. The screw plate is a separate component from the carabiner body and can be screwed to the base plate. This allows a strap-shaped section of the belt, harness, or harness to be clamped between the screw plate and the base plate. Further important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the figures based on the drawings. It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Components of a higher-level unit, such as a device, apparatus, or arrangement, mentioned above and those to be mentioned below, which are designated separately, can form separate parts or components of this unit or be integral areas or sections of this unit, even if this is depicted differently in the drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein identical reference numerals refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components. Figure 1 shows, schematically, a side view of a carabiner in the closed state; Figure 2 shows a top view of the carabiner according to viewing direction II in Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a front view of the carabiner according to viewing direction III in Figure 1; Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the closed carabiner in a normal state according to section lines IV in Figure 3; Figure 5 shows an enlarged detail V from Figure 4; Figure 6 shows a sectional view as in Figure 4, but with the carabiner open in its normal state; Figure 7 shows an enlarged detail VII from Figure 6; Figure 8 shows a sectional view as in Figures 4 and 6 of the closed carabiner in a loaded state; Figure 9 shows an enlarged detail IX from Figure 8; Figure 10 shows a sectional view as in Figures 4, 6, and 8 of the open carabiner in a loaded state; Figure 11 shows an enlarged detail XI from Fig. 10 . As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 11, a carabiner 1 comprises a substantially C-shaped carabiner body 2, a latch 3, and a spring mechanism 4, concealed in Figures 1, 2 to 3 and visible in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 11. The carabiner body 2 has a bearing end 5, a closing end 6, and a carabiner opening 7. The carabiner opening 7 is bounded at one end by the bearing end 5 and at the other end by the closing end 6. The bolt 3 is adjustable at the bearing end 5 between a closed position SS, shown in Figures 1 to 5, 8 and 9, and an open position OS, shown in Figures 6, 7, 10 and 11. For this purpose, the bolt 3 is pivotably mounted at the bearing end 5 about a pivot axis 8.In the closed position SS, the bolt 3 closes the carabiner opening 7 and extends continuously from the bearing end 5 to the closing end 6. The carabiner 1 is then closed in a ring shape. In the closed position, the bolt 3 enables, in particular, the transmission of tensile force between the bearing end 5 and the closing end 6. In the open position OS, the bolt 3 releases the carabiner opening 7, allowing the carabiner 1 to be loaded and unloaded. The spring mechanism 4 serves to actuate the bolt 3 by means of a spring force 9, which is indicated by an arrow in Figures 1 and 4 to 11. The carabiner 1 is also equipped with a manually operated state-setting device 10, which is largely obscured in the views of Figs. 1, 2 to 3, but visible in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 11. This state-setting device 10 is configured to adjust the carabiner's state. Specifically, the state-setting device 10 is configured to adjust the carabiner 1 into a normal state NZ, shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7, and a loaded state LZ, shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 to 11. The normal state NZ is configured such that in the normal state NZ the bolt 3 is closed by means of a mechanism shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 10 and Fig.The manually applied opening force 11, indicated by an arrow, allows the bolt 3 to pivot from the closed position SS to the open position OS against the spring force 9. In the normal state, when the opening force 11 is absent, the bolt 3 is driven by the spring force 9 and automatically pivots back from the open position OS to the closed position SS. In contrast, the charging state LZ is configured such that the bolt 3 can be pivoted from the closed position SS to the open position OS by means of the opening force 11 against the spring force 9. In the charging state LZ, when the opening force 11 is absent, the bolt 3 is held in the open position OS by the spring force 9. For this purpose, the spring force 9 in the charging state LZ has a different orientation in the open position OS than in the normal state NZ and in the closed position SS. Figures 10 and 11 are shown.In Figure 11, where the bolt 3 is in the open position OS in the loaded state LZ, the spring force 9 is oriented to the right, i.e., in the opening direction of the bolt 3. In contrast, in the closed position SS of the bolt 3, as shown in Figures 1, 4, 5, 8, and 9, the spring force 9 is oriented to the left, i.e., in the closing direction of the bolt 3, both in the normal state NZ and in the loaded state LZ. Likewise, in the closed position SS of the bolt 3, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the spring force 9 is oriented to the left, i.e., also in the closing direction of the bolt 3. The loaded state LZ, in the open position OS of the bolt 3, allows for easy loading and unloading of the carbine 1. The state setting device 10 is configured here so that it can be operated manually with one hand, so that a person using the carabiner 1 can transfer the carabiner 1 from the normal state NZ to the loaded state LZ with one hand, and vice versa. As shown in the detailed views of Figs. 5, 7, 9, and 11, the spring assembly 4 is supported on the bolt 3 at a bolt support point 12 formed on the bolt 3, and on the carabiner body 2 at a body support point 13 formed on the carabiner body 2. The body support point 13 is located at the bearing end 5 of the carabiner body 2. The spring assembly 4 is configured to drive the bolt support point 12 and the body support point 13 away from each other. In Figs. 5, 7, 9, and 11, a support line 14 is also shown, which runs through the two support points 12 and 13, i.e., through the bolt support point 12 and the body support point 13. The support line 14 defines the direction of action of the spring force 9 between the bolt 3 and the carabiner body 2. The axis of rotation 8, about which the bolt 3 is pivotably mounted on the carabiner body 2, has a slant relative to this support line 14.With respect to the bolt support point 12 and the body support point 13, a relative position exists. The support line 14 separates two sides S from each other, namely a first side S1 and a second side S2. The first side S1 faces the carabiner opening 7. The second side S2 faces away from the carabiner opening 7. The state setting device 10 is configured here such that the relative position between the bolt support point 12, the body support point 13, and the pivot axis 8 can be changed using the state setting device 10. In the normal state NZ of Figs. 5 and 7, the pivot axis 8 is located on the same side S of the support line 14 in both the closed position SS according to Fig. 5 and the open position OS according to Fig. 7, here on the first side S1 of the support line 14, which faces the carabiner opening 7. In contrast, in the loaded state LZ of Figs. 9 and 11, the pivot axis 8 is located on different sides S of the support line 14 in both the closed position SS according to Fig. 9 and the open position OS according to Fig. 11. In the closed position SS, the axis of rotation 8 is located on the first side S1 of the support line 14. In contrast, in the open position OS according to Fig. 11, the axis of rotation 8 is located on the second side S2 of the support line 14.As long as the axis of rotation 8 is located on the first side S1 of the support line 14, the spring force 9 generates a torque D1 on the bolt 3, which drives the bolt 3 clockwise and is indicated by an arrow in Figs. 5, 7, and 9. If, on the other hand, the axis of rotation 8 is located on the second side S2 of the support line 14, the spring force 9 generates a counter-torque D2 on the bolt 3, which acts counterclockwise and is indicated by an arrow in Fig. 11. Accordingly, the spring force 9 felt on the bolt 3 is oriented to the left in Figs. 5, 7, and 9, while it is oriented to the right in Fig. 11. Accordingly, the spring force 9, as shown in Fig. 7, drives the bolt 3 from the open position OS of the bolt 3 and in the normal state NZ of the carabiner 1 from the open position OS to the closed position SS, so that the unloaded bolt 3 automatically pivots into the closed position SS. In contrast, in Fig.It can be seen that the spring force 9, in the open position OS of the bolt 3 and in the loaded state LZ of the carabiner 1, drives the bolt 3 into the open position OS, so that the unloaded bolt 3 remains in the open position OS. To close the carabiner 1, the person using it must manually drive the bolt 3, which is held in the open position OS, from the open position OS towards the closed position SS until the axis of rotation 8 has crossed the support line 14 and is located on the first side S1 of the support line 14. Subsequently, the direction of action of the spring force 9 reverses, so that from that point on, the spring force 9 drives the bolt 3 into the closed position SS. In the embodiment shown here, the state-setting device 10 is configured to allow adjustment of the axis of rotation 8 transversely to the direction of the axis of rotation 8. An adjustment direction of the axis of rotation 8, in which the axis of rotation 8 can be adjusted using the state-setting device 10, is indicated by a double arrow and labelled 15 in Figures 5, 7, 9, and 11. In the embodiments shown here, the bolt 3 is pivotably mounted at the bearing end 5 of the carabiner body 2 by means of a bearing pin 16. The bearing journal 16 has a longitudinal center axis 17 and defines the axis of rotation 8. The axis of rotation 8 coincides with the longitudinal center axis 17 of the bearing journal 16 and is perpendicular to the drawing plane in the sectional views of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11.The condition setting device 10 is configured here such that the bearing journal 16 can be adjusted in the adjustment direction 15 transversely to the axis of rotation 8 using the condition setting device 10. For this purpose, the bearing journal 16 can be adjustably arranged at the bearing end 5 in a guide 18 formed at the bearing end 5 transversely to the axis of rotation 8. The guide 18 is configured here as an elongated slot whose longitudinal direction defines the adjustment direction 15, i.e., it is oriented parallel to the adjustment direction 15. The condition setting device 10 is configured for adjusting the bearing journal 16 in the guide 18. In the example shown here, the guide 18 has a first end stop 19 and a second end stop 20, which is opposite the first end stop 19 in the adjustment direction 15. The first end stop 19 is assigned to the normal state NZ and is located at the lower end of the guide 18 in Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 9 and Fig. 11.The second end stop 20 is associated with the charging state LZ and is located at the upper end of the guide 18 in Figures 5, 7, 9, and 11. In the normal state NZ, the bearing journal 16 rests against the first end stop 19, as shown in Figures 5 and 7, placing the bearing journal 16 at the lower end of the guide 18. In the charging state LZ, however, the bearing journal 16 rests against the second end stop 20, as shown in Figures 9 and 11, so that the bearing journal 16 is then located at the upper end of the guide 18. According to the preferred embodiment shown here, the bearing pin 16 has a threaded opening 21 extending transversely to the axis of rotation 8 through the bearing pin 16. The condition setting device 10 is equipped with a manually operable adjusting screw 22, which is rotatably mounted on the carabiner body 2 and has a threaded rod 23 that penetrates the threaded opening 21. The threaded opening 21 has an internal thread (not specified in detail). The threaded rod 23 has an external thread (not specified in detail) that is configured complementary to the internal thread of the threaded opening 21, so that the threads mesh. By turning the adjusting screw 22 about a screw axis 24 extending transversely to the axis of rotation 8 and parallel to the adjustment direction 15, the bearing pin 16, which is secured in the guide 18 against rotation about the screw axis 24, is moved in the adjustment direction 15 along the adjusting screw 22.along the threaded rod 23. By turning the adjusting screw 22, the bearing pin 16 and thus the axis of rotation 8 are moved between the lower position at the first end stop 19 shown in Figs. 5 and 7, which produces the normal state NZ, and the upper position at the second end stop 20 shown in Figs. 9 and 11, which produces the charged state LZ. In the embodiment shown here, the spring assembly 4 comprises a helical compression spring 25 and a spring pin 26. The helical compression spring 25 is inserted into a spring receptacle 27 formed on the bolt 3. The spring pin 26 is coupled to the helical compression spring 25, in particular rigidly connected to it, so that the helical compression spring 25 drives the spring pin 26. The spring pin 26 is supported in a support contour 28 formed at the bearing end 5 of the carabiner body 2. The support contour 28 forms the body support point 13. The spring pin 26 is supported via the helical compression spring 25 at the bolt support point 12, which is formed here in the spring receptacle 27. In the example shown here, a locking sleeve 29 is also formed on the bolt 3. In the closed position SS of the bolt 3, the locking sleeve 29 is adjustable between a locking position shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 11 and an unlocked position not shown here. In the locked position, the locking sleeve 29 secures the bolt 3, which is in the closed position SS, so that the bolt 3 cannot be opened. In the unlocked position, the locking sleeve 29 unlocks the bolt 3 in the closed position SS, so that the bolt 3 can be opened. The locking sleeve 29 can be equipped with a preload spring 30, which drives or preloads the locking sleeve 29 in its locking position, as shown in the sectional views of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11.Furthermore, the locking sleeve 29 in its unlocked position can interact with a bayonet contour 31 formed on the bolt 3, by which the locking sleeve 29 is held on the bolt 3 in the unlocked position. The carabiner 1 presented here also has a webbing clip 32 formed on the carabiner body 2. The webbing clip 32 serves to secure the carabiner 1 to a belt, harness, or harness of a person using the carabiner 1. For this purpose, the webbing clip 32 has a base body 33 formed by a section of the carabiner body 2. The webbing clip 32 also has a screw plate 34, which is screwed to the base plate 3 by means of several screws 35, visible only in Fig. 3. A strap-shaped section of the belt, harness, or harness can be clamped between the base plate 33 and the screw plate 34. The webbing clip 32 is advantageously arranged opposite the carabiner opening 7.

Claims

Carabiner (1),- with a C-shaped carabiner body (2) having a bearing end (5), a closing end (6) and a carabiner opening (7) which is limited by the bearing end (5) and the closing end (6),- with a bolt (3) which is pivotably mounted on the bearing end (5) between a closed position (SS) closing the carabiner opening (7) and an open position (OS) opening the carabiner opening (7) about a pivot axis (8),- with a spring device (4) for driving the bolt (3) by means of a spring force (9), characterized in that the carabiner (1) has a manually operable state setting device (10) for adjusting a carabiner state which is configured such that the carabiner (1) can be adjusted into a normal state (NZ) and into a loaded state (LZ),- that, in the set normal state (NZ), the bolt (3) can be pivoted from the closed position (SS) to the open position (OS) by means of a manually applied opening force (11) against the spring force (9), and, in the absence of an opening force (11), is driven by the spring force (9) and automatically pivots back from the open position (OS) to the closed position (SS), - that, in the set loading state (LZ), the bolt (3) can be pivoted from the closed position (SS) to the open position (OS) by means of the manually applied opening force (11) against the spring force (9), and, in the absence of an opening force (11), is held in the open position (OS) by the spring force (9). Carabiner (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the state setting device (10) is configured so that it can be manually operated with one hand to set the normal state (NZ) and the charge state (LZ). Carabiner (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - the spring device (4) is supported on the bolt (3) at a bolt support point (12) formed on the bolt (3) and on the carabiner body (2) at a body support point (13) formed on the carabiner body (2) and is configured such that it drives the bolt support point (12) and the body support point (13) away from each other; - the state setting device (10) is configured such that, in order to adjust the carabiner state, it changes a relative position between the bolt support point (12), the body support point (13) and the axis of rotation (8) such that, in the normal state (NZ), the axis of rotation (8) is on the same side (S) of a support line (14) passing through the bolt support point (12) and the body support point (13) in the closed position (SS) and in the open position (OS). lies,while in the charging state (LZ) the axis of rotation (8) lies on different sides (S) of the support line (14) passing through the bolt support point (12) and the body support point (13) in the closed position (SS) and in the open position (OS). Carabiner (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the state setting device (10) for adjusting the axis of rotation (8) is configured such that the axis of rotation (8) in the open position (OS) in the normal state (NZ) is on one side (S1) of the support line (14) and in the loaded state (LZ) is on the other side (S2) of this support line (14). Carabiner (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the bolt (3) is pivotably mounted on the bearing end (5) of the carabiner body (2) by means of a bearing pin (16) which defines the axis of rotation (8), and that the condition setting device (10) is configured to adjust the bearing pin (16) transversely to the axis of rotation (8). Carabiner (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the bearing pin (16) is adjustably arranged at the bearing end (5) of the carabiner body (2) in a guide (18) formed at the bearing end (5) transversely to the axis of rotation (8), and that the condition setting device (10) is configured for adjusting the bearing pin (16) in the guide (18). Carabiner (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that: - the guide (18) has a first end stop (19) which is associated with the normal state (NZ) and against which the bearing pin (16) rests in the normal state (NZ), and a second end stop (20) opposite the first end stop (19) which is associated with the loaded state (LZ) and against which the bearing pin (16) rests in the loaded state (LZ); - the state setting device (10) has a manually operable adjusting pin which is inserted into the guide (18) between the bearing pin (16) and the second end stop (20) for setting the normal state (NZ), so that the adjusting pin presses the bearing pin (16) against the first end stop (19), and which is inserted into the guide (18) between the bearing pin (16) and the first end stop (19) for setting the loaded state (LZ), so that the adjusting pin presses the bearing pin (16) against the first end stop (19). (16) against the second end stop (20). Carabiner (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the bearing pin (16) has a threaded opening (21) transverse to the axis of rotation (8), and that the condition setting device (10) has a manually operable adjusting screw (22) which is rotatably held on the carabiner body (2) and penetrates the threaded opening (21), so that by turning the adjusting screw (22) the bearing pin (16) can be adjusted along the adjusting screw (22). Carabiner (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: - the bearing pin (16) is rigidly connected to an actuating rod extending transversely to the axis of rotation (8); - the condition setting device (10) has a manually actuated eccentric lever which is pivotably held on the carabiner body (2) and is coupled to the actuating rod, so that by pivoting the eccentric lever the actuating rod can be adjusted in its longitudinal direction, the actuating rod taking the bearing pin (16) with it. Carabiner (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the state setting device (10) for adjusting the body support point (13) is configured such that the axis of rotation (8) in the open position (OS) in the normal state (NZ) is on one side (S1) of the support line (14) and in the loaded state (LZ) is on the other side (S2) of this support line (14). Carabiner (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the state setting device (10) for adjusting the bolt support point (12) is configured such that the axis of rotation (8) in the open position (OS) in the normal state (NZ) is on one side (S1) of the support line (14) and in the loaded state (LZ) is on the other side (S2) of this support line (14). Carabiner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the state setting device (10) is also configured such that the carabiner (1) can be adjusted into a blocking state in which the latch (3) is blocked in the closed position (SS) and cannot be pivoted into the open position (OS). Carabiner (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that a positive locking contour is formed between the bolt (3) and the closing end (6) of the carabiner body (2), which is configured to be deactivated in the normal state (NZ) and in the loaded state (LZ), so that the bolt (3) can pivot from the closed position (SS) to the open position (OS), while it is activated in the locked state, so that the bolt (3) is secured in the closed position (SS) by positive locking. Carabiner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring assembly (4) has a helical compression spring (25) and a spring pin (26), that the helical compression spring (25) is inserted into a spring receptacle (27) formed on the bolt (3), that the spring pin (26) is coupled to the helical compression spring (25) and is supported on a support contour (28) formed on the bearing end (5) of the carabiner body (2). Carabiner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carabiner (1) has a locking sleeve (29) on the bolt (3) which, in the firing position (SS) of the bolt (3), is adjustable on the bolt (3) between a safety position, in which it secures the bolt (3) in the closed position (SS) so that it cannot be adjusted to the open position (OS), and an unlocking position, in which it unlocks the bolt (3) so that it can be adjusted to the open position (OS). Carabiner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carabiner (1) has a strap clamp (32) on the carabiner body (2) which is configured to secure the carabiner (1) to a strap or harness of a person using the carabiner (1).

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