DEVICE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUID MATERIALS

Abstract

Device (100) for use in a shipping container (2) for the selective transport of solid cargo and liquid bulk cargo, comprising: a first side frame (104) extending longitudinally in the shipping container (2) and rigidly connected thereto; a second side frame (106) extending longitudinally in the shipping container (2) and rigidly connected thereto; a front frame (108) arranged between the first side frame (104) and the second side frame (106); a collapsible liquid container (200) arranged operatively substantially between the first side frame (104) and the second side frame (106), comprising: a liquid-impermeable outer lining (210); a liquid-impermeable inner layer (220) arranged within the outer lining (210); and a liquid line (500) in liquid communication with the inner layer (220);a rear frame (110) which is detachably attached to the first and second side frames (104, 106) opposite the front frame (108); and at least one deflector plate (300, 302) which is functionally arranged such that it is positioned between the first side frame (104) and the second side frame (106) and on the collapsible fluid container (200), the collapsible fluid container (200) being adapted such that it is at least partially detachably pinned within the frames (104, 106, 108, 110) via the at least one deflector plate (300, 302); characterized in that the liquid line (500) comprises: an elongated pipe section (550) with a first end (560) and a second end (562), wherein the first end (560) is arranged within the inner layer (220) and the second end (562) extends through the inner layer (220) and is attached to it;and a bend (552) extending from the first end (560).

Description

SPECIALIZATION

[0001] This disclosure relates generally to a method and a device for transporting liquid materials, in particular liquid bulk goods, by vehicles, and in particular to a method and a device for transporting such materials in a transport container that can also be used for transporting conventional dry materials or other non-liquid cargo. More specifically, this disclosure relates to collapsible tanks for freight containers or shipping containers that make it possible to convert a container mounted on a transport vehicle, e.g., a truck trailer, a sea container, a railway wagon or container, etc., so that it can selectively transport either solid or liquid goods. BACKGROUND

[0002] Previously used containers, especially cleaned and inspected ones, that allow access to the interior between uses so that a person can enter and clean the inside. Such containers typically have a manhole at the top through which a person can enter to clean and inspect the container. Therefore, the container must be tall enough, and the manhole must be large enough to allow access and cleaning. Increasing the size of a container raises its center of gravity, making it less stable than desired.

[0003] Furthermore, transporting liquids in containers attached to a vehicle, rather than in rigid containers that are an integral part of the vehicle, can lead to instability problems related to liquid sloshing. In extreme cases, this sloshing can cause problems with vehicle control. Current transport systems cannot solve these problems.

[0004] A variety of collapsible tanks of different types are designed for the transport of liquid cargo, e.g., the collapsible tanks disclosed in US patents 6,015,055 (Bonerb et al.), 6,065,265 (Stenekes), 6,131,756 (Bonerb et al.), 6,216,900 (Bonerb et al.), 6,299,437, 8,132,686 (Bonerb et al.), and 10,137,809 (Postek et al.). While the foldable containers described in these patents have been successful to varying degrees and offer some advantages over previously used liquid transfer containers, there remains a need for containers specifically suited for transporting liquids, including but not limited to liquid food / beverage products and liquid chemicals, where the containers are inexpensive, extremely clean, eliminate the need for cleaning between loads, are lighter than previously known containers, and thus enable the transport of higher payloads.These containers are made from recyclable materials, have a low carbon footprint, a low center of gravity, reduce or eliminate the effects of liquid sloshing during transport, improve driver safety, and make driving easier and safer. They also allow for faster conversion between liquid and dry cargo carriers. This disclosure addresses the improvement of these properties of containers for transporting liquids.

[0005] As described above, containers for transporting liquids, particularly those convertible between liquid and dry cargo transport, have a reusable (after cleaning) flexible inner liner and a flexible outer shell attached to the upper and lower frame sections of a selectively deployable tank. Tanks constructed in this way are provided with a manhole in the top of the inner container to allow a person to enter for cleaning, and are necessarily tall enough to allow entry and internal cleaning. The center of gravity of such tanks is higher than would otherwise be desirable due to the height required for cleaning.More specifically, local occupational safety regulations in some countries require that such tanks be at least four feet (1.2192 meters) high so that a person can enter the tank for cleaning and / or checking its cleanliness.

[0006] Cleaning known tank configurations between uses incurs significant additional costs. The cost of entering and cleaning a tank can amount to several hundred dollars per cleaning. This is partly due to the need to transport the carrier from the liquid cargo unloading point to a certified tank wash facility and then to a dry cargo loading point. In addition to the actual cleaning costs, the time required to dry the cleaned tank and to seal openings, valves, and hoses for reloading further increase the overall expense.

[0007] Cleaning previously used tanks may require a person to climb onto the top of a conventional tank truck, possibly twelve feet (3.6576 meters) or higher, either to enter the tank through the manhole for inspection or to take samples of the product before unloading. This procedure is unnecessary in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0008] In addition to the costs, cleaning known tanks requires significant amounts of water, often drinking water, and cleaning agents, and generates wastewater that must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. In short, this cleaning process further increases the costs of using known containers. Like other problems described above, this disclosure overcomes these issues.

[0009] Common tanks weigh hundreds of pounds or more, and this weight limits the amount of liquid that can be transported by a truck with a specified maximum gross weight. In other words, the weight consumed by the tank itself reduces the amount of product that can be transported.

[0010] Known reusable tanks have been manufactured in various standard sizes, which do not always correspond to the amount of liquid being transported in a given load. This makes it possible to transport a less than full tank, which in turn promotes sloshing of the liquid as the transport vehicle moves. This often impairs the vehicle's stability. The solution by Postek et al. is an example of a tank device that avoids the problems of vehicle stability when such a tank device is transported with a vehicle. Aspects of the present disclosure employ several techniques to reduce the effects of sloshing liquid during transport.

[0011] A solution to many of the aforementioned disadvantages is described in detail in US Patent 11,643,003, granted on May 9, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, in an effort to solve these problems, the invention disclosed therein is quite complex; that is, the invention discloses a movable and collapsible frame. The complexity of assembly and disassembly for the respective transport of wet and dry goods makes operation difficult—especially for a single person. Furthermore, the lining disclosed therein is waterproof only on the inner layer and not on the outer layer, which can lead to problems with leakage or spillage during transport.

[0012] As evidenced by the multitude of devices and methods for transporting liquid goods, many means have been considered to achieve the desired goal: safe, hygienic, and cost-effective transport. Up to now, compromises have been made between safety, convenience, and cost, as necessary.

[0013] There is therefore still a need for a device and / or apparatus that uses fewer overall components, thereby reducing the overall weight, that provides a more reliable leak-proof or spill-proof liquid reservoir, that can be easily assembled / disassembled by a single operator, that incorporates a safer valve mechanism for filling / emptying the liquid reservoir, and that represents a simpler solution for reducing liquid sloshing during transport.

[0014] Furthermore, there is still a need for a device and / or equipment that further increases the safety of transporting liquid cargo, wherein the device and / or equipment lowers the center of gravity of the liquid container by utilizing significantly more width of the cargo container, such as a truck trailer, a sea container, a railway wagon or container, or the like, thereby increasing the stability of the vehicle for transporting the cargo container. SUMMARY

[0015] In accordance with the aspects presented herein, a device for use in an elongated shipping container, e.g. a shipping container on a trailer, for the selective transport of solid cargo and liquid bulk cargo is provided, comprising a frame that is firmly attached to and within the shipping container.The frame comprises at least two side parts and at least one end part connected to the side parts, a collapsible liquid container which is detachably connected to the frame, wherein the container has a liquid-impermeable outer lining and a liquid-impermeable inner layer arranged within the outer lining, a liquid line which is in liquid communication with the inner layer and which is detachably connected to the frame, and at least one deflector plate which is functionally arranged to be detachably located at least partially within the frame and on top of the collapsible liquid container.

[0016] In some embodiments, the aforementioned device may further comprise a second deflection plate (i.e., a first and a second deflection plate) functionally arranged to be detachably attached to the frame and to the collapsible liquid container, wherein the at least one deflection plate (i.e., the first deflection plate) and the second deflection plate are spaced apart from each other. Alternatively, the aforementioned device may further comprise a third and a fourth deflection plate, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth deflection plates may have at least one concave surface.

[0017] In one aspect, the present invention may comprise a device for use in a shipping container for the selective transport of solid cargo and liquid bulk cargo, wherein the device includes a first side frame extending longitudinally in relation to the shipping container and fixedly attached thereto, a second side frame extending longitudinally in relation to the shipping container and fixedly attached thereto, a front frame positioned between the first and the second side frames, and a collapsible liquid container operatively arranged substantially between the first and the second side frames, the liquid container further comprising: a liquid-impermeable outer lining; and a liquid-impermeable inner layer arranged within the outer lining.and a fluid line in fluid connection with the inner layer, a rear frame which is detachably attached to the first and second side frames opposite the front frame, and at least one deflector plate which is functionally arranged to be positioned between the first and the second side frames and on the collapsible fluid reservoir, the collapsible fluid reservoir being adapted to be detachably pinned at least partially within the frame via the at least one deflector plate.

[0018] In some configurations, the aforementioned device further comprises a first deflection plate, which is operationally arranged to be positioned between the first and second side frames and on top of the collapsible liquid container, and a second deflection plate, which is operationally arranged to be positioned between the first and second side frames and on top of the collapsible liquid container and spaced apart from the first deflection plate.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, each of the aforementioned first and second guide plates comprises: an upper surface and a lower surface bounded by a pair of side surfaces; a pair of concave surfaces arranged between the upper and lower surfaces; and a channel arranged within the pair of concave surfaces and the lower surface.

[0020] In some embodiments, each of the first and second deflection plates may also include a channel arranged within the top and pair of side surfaces, the channel being functionally arranged to accommodate a support element therein.

[0021] In another possible configuration, the aforementioned device further comprises a front end deflector plate, which is arranged at least partially within the side frames and near the front frame, wherein the front end deflector plate has: an upper surface and a lower surface bounded by a pair of side surfaces; a concave surface arranged between the upper and lower surfaces and facing the rear frame; and a rear surface arranged near the front frame between the upper and lower surfaces and opposite the front frame.

[0022] In another configuration, the aforementioned device further comprises a rear deflector plate, which is arranged at least partially within the side frames and in the vicinity of the rear frame, wherein the rear deflector plate has: an upper surface and a lower surface bounded by a pair of side surfaces; a concave surface arranged between the upper and the lower surface and facing the rear frame; a rear surface arranged between the upper and the lower surface; and a rear surface arranged between the upper and the lower surface and facing the bottom surface and the rear frame; and a channel arranged within the upper, the lower, and the concave surface, wherein the channel is adapted to accommodate at least part of the fluid line.

[0023] In some embodiments, the aforementioned device may further comprise at least one retaining cover configured to at least partially cover a space arranged between the side frames, and at least one retaining cover which is retractably and removablely attached to an upper surface of one of the side frames and which is attached to an upper surface of the opposite side frame, wherein the at least one retaining cover is further configured to press the at least one deflecting plate downwards and onto the liquid container.

[0024] In some embodiments, the aforementioned fluid line further comprises an elongated pipe section with a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is within the inner layer and the second end extends through and is attached to the inner layer, and a connecting arc extends from the first end.

[0025] In other configurations, the aforementioned fluid line also includes a valve that is attached to the front frame and positioned so that it can be detachably attached to the connecting manifold.

[0026] In some embodiments, the aforementioned device also comprises a sliding device, a vertically movable plate connected to the rear frame, wherein the valve is attached to the sliding plate.

[0027] In other configurations, at least one deflector plate is configured to absorb energy from the liquid contained in the collapsible liquid container.

[0028] In other embodiments, the guide plates consist of one or more open-cell foams or closed-cell foams.

[0029] In other possible configurations, the rear deflection plate consists of one or more open-cell or closed-cell foams.

[0030] In other possible configurations, the front deflection plate consists of one or more open-cell or closed-cell foams.

[0031] In further possible configurations, the aforementioned device may also include a retraction cord which is detachably attached to the liquid-impermeable outer lining, wherein the retraction cord is designed to be attached to an inner surface of a wall of the shipping container, whereby the liquid-impermeable outer lining can be pulled along the retraction cord towards the front frame when the liquid-impermeable inner layer is empty.

[0032] In general, the first, second, third, and fourth deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800 of the aforementioned device 100 are configured to absorb energy from the liquid contained in the collapsible liquid container 200, thereby dampening any sloshing effect of the liquid in the collapsible liquid container 200 that occurs when the shipping container 2 is in motion. Furthermore, the first, second, third, and fourth deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800 of the aforementioned devices 100 each have at least one concave surface, the concave surfaces being designed to deflect the liquid or fluid in the liquid container in one or more directions away from or downwards from the concave surface.

[0033] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be readily apparent upon review of the following detailed description of the disclosure in consideration of the drawings and the accompanying claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Various embodiments are disclosed only by way of example with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which corresponding reference numerals denote corresponding parts in which: Fig. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a shipping container, partially in phantom representation, showing a frame containing a liquid container according to one aspect of this disclosure, configured for the transport of liquid cargo. Fig. 2A is a rear view of the in Fig. 1. Invention shown. Fig. 2B is a rear view of the in Fig. 2A invention shown with retaining covers which are detachably attached to the frame. Fig. 2C is a rear view of the in Fig. 2A invention shown, in which the deflection plates have been removed and an empty liquid container is detachably connected to a retraction line attached to a wall of the shipping container. Fig. 3A is a perspective skeleton view of a deflection plate of the in Fig. 1. Invention shown. The Fig. 3B to 3D are perspective views of deflection plates at the end of the in Fig. 1. Invention shown. Fig. Figure 4 is a perspective partial view of the area shown in Fig. 2B shown invention, which in particular shows the retaining cover and its respective fastening mechanisms. Fig. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the frame and fluid reservoir, generally along line 5-5 in Fig. 1 was recorded. Fig. 5B is an enlarged section from Fig. 5A, which generally shows a liquid line. Fig. 5C is an enlarged section from Fig. 5A, which generally shows one of the middle deflection plates and its respective passage. The Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B are cross-sectional views of Fig. 5A, which generally show the fluid movement within the fluid container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted at the outset that reference numerals on different drawing views denote identical or functionally similar structural elements. It is understood that the claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

[0036] It is understood that this disclosure is not limited to the described methodology, materials, and modifications and, as such, may naturally vary. It is also understood that the terminology used here serves to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as they are generally understood by a person skilled in the art in the field to which this disclosure relates. It is understood that any methods, devices, or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in practice or in testing the embodiments. The device of the present disclosure may be driven by hydraulics, electronics, pneumatics, and / or springs.

[0038] The term "essentially" is synonymous with terms such as "almost," "very similar," "about," "approximately," "around," "adjacent," "near," "essentially," "in the vicinity of," "in the neighborhood of," etc., and such terms may be used interchangeably as specified in the description and claims. The term "adjacent" is synonymous with terms such as "near," "in the vicinity of," "adjacent," "adjacent," "immediately," "bordering on," etc., and these terms may be used interchangeably as they appear in the description and claims. The term "approximately" means values ​​within ten percent of the specified value.

[0039] It is to be understood that the use of "or" in the present application refers to a "non-exclusive" arrangement unless otherwise specified. For example, when it is said that "the subject matter x is A or B," this can have one of the following meanings: (1) subject matter x is only one or the other of A and B; (2) subject matter x is both A and B. Alternatively, the word "or" is not used to define an "exclusive or" arrangement. An "exclusive or" arrangement for the statement "the subject matter x is A or B" would require that x can be only one of A and B. Furthermore, "and / or," as used here, is to be understood as a grammatical conjunction indicating that one or more of the mentioned elements or conditions may be present or occur.For example, a device comprising a first element, a second element and / or a third element is to be understood as one of the following structural arrangements: a device comprising a first element; a device comprising a second element; a device comprising a third element; a device comprising a first element and a second element; a device comprising a first element and a third element; a device comprising a first element, a second element and a third element; or a device comprising a second element and a third element.

[0040] Furthermore, the expressions “comprises at least one of” and “comprises at least one of” used here in conjunction with a system or element shall mean that the system or element contains one or more of the elements listed after the sentence. For example, a device comprising at least one of the following elements: a first element, a second element, and a third element, shall be understood as one of the following structural arrangements: a device comprising a first element, a device comprising a second element, a device comprising a third element, a device comprising a first element and a second element, a device comprising a first element and a third element, a device comprising a first element, a second element, and a third element, or a device comprising a second element and a third element.A similar interpretation is intended when the phrase "used in at least one of:" is used. Furthermore, "and / or" here is to be understood as a grammatical conjunction indicating that one or more of the elements or conditions are mentioned, may be included, or occur. For example, a device comprising a first element, a second element, and / or a third element is to be understood as one of the following structural arrangements: a device comprising a first element; a device comprising a second element; a device comprising a third element; a device comprising a first element and a second element; a device comprising a first element and a third element; a device comprising a first element, a second element, and a third element; or a device comprising a second element and a third element.

[0041] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a substantially rigid frame with a collapsible liquid container comprising an outer lining and an inner layer, the inner layer being arranged to hold a fluid, and both the outer lining and the inner layer being fluid-impermeable. At least one deflector plate and one fluid line are in fluid communication with the inner layer. It should be noted that the present disclosure may include additional elements, e.g., a pair of deflection plates, a fastening mechanism for the at least one layer, at least one removable end frame, a fluid line with a valve and an inlet / outlet pipe that communicates with the inner layer, the valve being arranged to secure the inlet / outlet pipe in a removable manner, and means for removable attachment of the collapsible fluid reservoir to the frame.

[0042] In the Fig. Figures 1 to 2B show an exemplary embodiment of the present device for transporting liquids, wherein Fig. Figure 1 generally shows a perspective view of the device arranged in an embodiment of a transport container, in particular a transport container intended for transport by a semi-trailer truck. Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B generally shows a rear view of the same, with in Fig. 2B Retaining covers are shown, which are depicted on a frame of the device.

[0043] The liquid transport tank device 100 (hereinafter referred to as "device") according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown as it could be installed in the shipping container 2 of a semi-trailer truck (not shown). "Shipping container" means a "freight container", "cargo container", "intermodal container", "isolated container", "sea freight container" or "ocean freight container", "sea canister" or "c-can", "small van" or "panel van", "insulated container", "double-door container", "swap body container" and the like, these terms being interchangeable.The collapsible liquid container 200 (hereinafter referred to as "container") is removably housed in the frame 102, the frame 102 comprising a plurality of interconnected frame elements arranged within the shipping container and preferably extending at least over a substantial portion between the front wall 4 and the rear wall 3, and also between the side walls 6 and 8. In some embodiments, the container 200 is enclosed in a first and a second side wall 104 and 106, respectively, as well as in a front wall and a rear wall 108 and 110, respectively, which together form a generally rectangular housing, i.e., a frame 102. Preferably, the side walls 104 and 106 are rigidly connected to the container housing, i.e., to at least one of the side walls 6 and 8 and the bottom 3, such that a maximum distance between them in the transverse directions TD1 and TD2, i.e., a distance between the side walls 6 and 8, is obtained.One could say that the frame 102 consists of the side walls 104 and 106, the front wall 108, the rear wall 110, and the base 3, so that the frame 102 is generally a rectangular enclosure with a base or floor. It should be understood that the frame 102 could separately include a base element that is connected to one or more of the side walls 104 and 106, the front wall 108, and the rear wall 110. Preferably, at least the side walls 104 and 106 are rigidly connected to the container structure, e.g., to one or more of the wall 6, the wall 8, or the base 3.

[0044] In other possible embodiments, the front wall 108 can be formed from the front wall 4 of the shipping container 2, or a separate end wall panel or element can be used for this purpose. If the front wall 108 is formed from the front wall 4 of the shipping container 2, the side walls 104 and 106 should be positioned such that their leading ends (i.e., the ends near the front end FE) are close to or in contact with the front wall 4 of the shipping container 2. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, in a preferred configuration the rear ends of the side walls 104 and 106 (i.e., the ends near the rear end RE) do not extend to the terminal end of the shipping container body (2) near the rear end RE, thus creating an area on the floor 3 in which a user can stand inside the container body and access the device 100. In some configurations, the rear back wall 110 may be removable or consist of a gate-like configuration, so that the aforementioned space near the rear end RE is required for opening and closing it (similar to the configuration described in U.S. Patent 11,643,003).

[0045] In a preferred aspect, the container 200 comprises a fluid line 500 which is in fluid communication with it. The fluid line 500 is attached to the container 200 and the rear wall 110, preferably to an upper surface or an end thereof, such that the fluid line 500 is raised above the bottom 3 of the transport container body. The fluid line 500 is intended for filling and emptying the container 200 and is described in more detail below.

[0046] In some embodiments, the container 200 is divided into two or more sections, e.g., three sections, by deflection plates 300 and 302, which are arranged transversely in the container 200, as in Fig. Figure 1 shows that the deflection plates 300 and 302 extend substantially from the top of the frame 102, i.e., from the first and second side walls 104 and 106 respectively, and the front wall 108 and the rear wall 110, downwards towards the base or bottom 3 of the shipping container 2. The deflection plates 300 and 302 may extend beyond the respective tops of the side walls 104 and 106, i.e., over a greater distance in the vertical direction VD1. In a preferred embodiment, the container 200 further comprises end deflection plates, a rear end deflection plate 700 and a front end deflection plate 800, wherein the front end deflection plate 800 is arranged between the side walls 104 and 106 and near the front wall 108, and the rear deflection plate 700 is arranged between the side walls 104 and 106 and near the rear back wall 110.Thus, one section of container 200 is formed between the rear deflector plate 700 and deflector plate 300, a second section of container 200 is formed between deflector plates 300 and 302, and a third section of container 200 is formed between deflector plate 302 and the front deflector plate 800. Deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800 are discussed further below.

[0047] In relation to Fig. 2B are the aforementioned deflection plates (e.g., deflection plates 300, 302, 700 and 800 in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A) are arranged so that they are placed between the side walls 104 and 106, so that the deflector plates rest on the top of the container 200. If the container 200 is filled with a liquid, the liquid inside would displace the deflector plates. To prevent this, several retaining covers 900 are detachably connected to the side walls 104 and 106 and across the deflector plates, thus holding the deflector plates in a position on top of the filled container 200. The retaining covers 900 are described below.

[0048] Fig. Figure 2C shows a rear view of the device 100, which is arranged in a shipping container 2. The components in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A The deflection plates shown generally are removed from the device 100, and the container 200 is shown essentially empty. The shipping container 2 may include at least one rail 10 attached to one of the side walls 6 or 8, or a pair of rails attached to each of the side walls 6 or 8. It should be recognized that the rail 10 is generally known in the technology of shipping containers or trailers, since the rail 10 provides a variety of attachment options for hooks, partitions, spacers, shelves (via a pair of rails on opposite side walls), and the like. As shown in Fig. As shown, the hooks 12 are detachably attached to the rail 10 on the side wall 6. The empty liquid container 200 is detachably attached to the retraction line 250, the retraction line 250 being detachably attached to the hooks 12, for example, by resting on each of the hooks 12 and its respective ends being attached to one or more pairs of end hooks 12 or to the rail 10. The retraction line 250 can be made of a steel cable, a wire rope, etc., so that the clips 252 can be detachably and slidably attached to the retraction line 250. The clips 252 can take various forms, such as carabiner clips, lockable connecting loops, cable seals, etc., but are not limited to these. The clips 252 are preferably detachably attached to an edge of the container 200, where a plurality of one or more eyelets or openings may be arranged near an edge of the container s 200.This configuration allows the empty container 200 to be detachably attached to the retraction line 250, so that the empty container 200 can be moved along the retraction line 250 towards the front wall 4 of the shipping container 2, thereby creating space inside the shipping container 2 and allowing a single operator to "fold" or "compact" the empty container 200. Conversely, the empty container 200 can be "extended" or "extended" from the front wall 4 towards the rear wall 110.

[0049] With reference to the Fig. 3A to 3C is the present invention (e.g. the one in Fig. The device shown in Figure 100 is designed to use one or more of the deflection plates 300, 302, 700, or 800. Preferably, in a non-restrictive manner, the device uses any of the deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800 as described in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A are shown.

[0050] The deflection plates 300 and 302, i.e. the middle deflection plates, are in Fig. The arrangement is shown and is essentially identical. The central deflection plates can comprise an upper surface 310, a lower surface 316, a first concave surface 312, a second concave surface 314, a first side surface 318, and a second side surface 320. The upper surface 310 has length L1, and the lower surface 316 has length L2, where L1 is greater than L2. This arrangement causes the portion of the concave surfaces 312 and 314 extending downward from the upper surface 310 to project over or extend beyond the portion of the concave surfaces 312 and 314 extending upward from the lower surface 316. The concave surfaces 312 and 314 are curved, thus creating a deflection for the fluid motion in a direction away from the respective concave surfaces. The channel 322 is located within the upper surface 310 and is arranged so that the support beam 324 is accommodated in it.Preferably, the support beam 324 is fixedly fixed in the channel 322, and the support beam 324 is preferably hollow and has a polygonal cross-section to withstand compressive forces acting from the direction of one or more of the side faces 318 and 320. The support beam 324 may have handles 326 and 328 attached to and extending from it. In a preferred embodiment, the support beam 324 may also have extensions 330 and 332 that are fixedly attached to the top of the frame and extend beyond the respective ends of the support beam 324. The extensions 330 and 332 may resemble rigid plates and are designed to be located on the top of each side wall of the frame (see Figure 1). Fig. The support beam 324 rests on the side walls 104 and 106 of the frame 102, thus positioning it between the frame's side walls and preventing them from collapsing towards each other. The middle deflection plates may also include a passage 334, such as an arc-shaped cutout, located in the lower surface 316, the concave surface 312, and the concave surface 314. In some embodiments, the middle deflection plates may also include an embedded secondary support element, such as the inner support element 336, which may consist of a solid and / or hollow bar or be substantially similar to the support beam 324.

[0051] The Fig. 3B and Fig. Figure 3C shows perspective views of the rear deflection plate 700. As shown in Fig. In the following, the rear deflector plate 700 is arranged so that it can be detachably attached near the rear wall 110 of the frame 102. The rear deflector plate 700 generally consists of an upper surface 710, a lower surface 716, a concave surface 712, and a flat surface 714 (or back surface). The upper surface 710 has a length of L3, and the lower surface 716 has a length of L4, where L3 is greater than L4. This arrangement causes the portion of the concave surface 712 extending downward from the upper surface 710 to project over or extend beyond the portion of the concave surface 712 extending upward from the lower surface 716. The concave surface 712 is curved and thus forms a deflection for the fluid movement in a direction away from the respective concave surface.The rear deflection plate 700 can also have a cutout 722 arranged in one or more of the concave surfaces 712, the upper surface 710, and the lower surface 716, and is configured such that a portion of the fluid line of the present invention can rest at least partially therein, as described below. Additionally, the rear deflection plate 700 can also include a support element embedded therein, e.g., the inner support element 724, which consists of a solid and / or hollow rod or is essentially the same as that described in [reference to relevant section]. Fig. may resemble the support beam 324 shown.

[0052] Fig. 3D shows a perspective view of the front deflection plate 800. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, the front deflector plate 800 is arranged so that it can be detachably attached near the front wall 108 of the frame 102. The front deflector plate 800 generally consists of an upper surface 810, a lower surface 816, a concave surface 812, and a flat surface 814 (or rear surface). The upper surface 810 has a length of L5, and the lower surface 816 has a length of L6, where L5 is greater than L6. This arrangement causes the portion of the concave surface 812 extending downward from the upper surface 810 to project over or extend beyond the portion of the concave surface 812 extending upward from the lower surface 816. The concave surface 812 is curved and thus forms a deflection for fluid movement in a direction away from the respective concave surface. Furthermore, the front deflector plate 800 can also contain an embedded support element, e.g.the inner support element 822, which consists of a solid and / or hollow rod or is essentially the same as in . Fig. may resemble the support beam 324 shown.

[0053] With reference to the Fig. It is understood that any known material, or any material developed below, can be used to construct the deflection plates (e.g., deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800) of the device 100, provided that the deflection plates have energy-absorbing properties. That is, if the liquid in the container 200 exerts a force on one or more of the surfaces of the deflection plates, particularly the concave surfaces, the deflection plates can absorb or dampen these forces and also redirect them away from the respective concave surface. In a preferred configuration, the deflection plates can be made of a high-density, open- or closed-cell foam or of another suitable material capable of absorbing the energy of a liquid displacement within the tank, and which can be manufactured in various thicknesses.Each of the deflection plates 300, 302, 700 and 800 can be monolithic or consist of several composite sections.

[0054] Fig. Figure 4 is a perspective partial view of the frame 102 of the device, in particular showing the retaining cover 900 and its respective fastening mechanisms. Fig. Figure 4 also shows the pins 112 and 114, which make it possible to remove the back panel 110 from the side panels 104 and 106.

[0055] As already mentioned above and with regard to Fig. As discussed in 2B, the retaining cover 900 is the main element that holds all the cover plates in the frame 102. Each of the retaining covers 900 requires a pair of adjustable connecting pieces 120 and a pair of hooks 122, e.g., in a 1:2:2 ratio. Although the representative configuration in Fig. As illustrated by the above-mentioned ratio, a person skilled in the art will recognize that the number of retaining covers, adjustable connectors, and hooks is variable and can be predictably modified to reduce / increase the number of components as needed. The retaining cover 900 includes slots 902, 904, 906, and 908, with slots 902 and 904 allowing the support element 914 contained within the shell 910 to be visible and accessible. The shell 910 can be formed by "rolling up" one longitudinal end of the retaining cover onto itself and securing this end to form the shell 910. In a preferred configuration, the shell 910 is closed at its ends, thereby holding the support element 914 within it. The support element 914 can consist of a rigid rod, a beam, etc. Similarly, the slots 906 and 908 allow the support element 916 contained in the shell 912 to be visible and accessible.The sleeve 912 can be rolled back onto itself by "rolling" one longitudinal end of the retaining cover and securing this end to form the sleeve 912. In a preferred configuration, the sleeve 912 is closed at its ends, thereby holding the support element 916 within it. The support element 916 can consist of a rigid rod, a beam, etc.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable connecting piece 120 can comprise a housing 124, which is essentially U-shaped and contains a spool 126 rotatably mounted therein. The spool 126 is configured to receive the retaining straps 130, so that any excess of the retaining strap 130 can be stored in the housing 124 by winding it onto the spool 126. The retaining strap 130 is attached to the spool 126 at one end (not visible) and has a loop 132 at its other end. Preferably, the end of the retaining strap 130 with the loop 132 is passed under the rod 128, which helps to prevent upward movement of the attached retaining cover 900. The adjustable connecting pieces 120 are arranged on the top of one of the side walls 104 or 106. Preferably, the loop 132 is permanently wrapped around an exposed part of the support element 914, e.g.the parts of the support element 914 with one or more of the slots 902 or 904, however, alternative fastening methods, such as removable options, are to be considered within the scope of the claims below.

[0057] The hooks 122 are arranged on an upper surface of one of the side walls 104 or 106, preferably opposite the adjustable connector 120. The hooks 122 are arranged to engage in an exposed part of the support element 916, e.g., the sections of the support element 916 within one or more of the slots 906 and 908. Once the hooks 122 are engaged with the support element 916, the coils of the adjustable connectors 120 can all be tightened, thereby releasing the retaining covers 900 between the hooks 122 and the adjustable connectors 120. The adjustable connectors 120, in particular the coil 126, can have a latching mechanism that prevents the sagging of the retaining strap 130 from being released until the latch is disengaged.In alternative embodiments, coils of adjacent adjustable connecting pieces can be connected to each other, so that both coils can be wound and unwound simultaneously.

[0058] Preferably, the retaining cover 900 is a Kevlar® fabric or an equivalent material with substantially comparable strength, transparency, and tear resistance. Since the retaining cover 900 is configured to hold the deflector plate in a position above a filled liquid tank within the frame, the hooks, retaining straps, and adjustable connectors with their respective components are all heavy-duty and preferably made of metal.

[0059] With reference to the Fig. 2C and Fig. 4. The hooks 12 of the rail 10 (when attached to the side wall 8) could be used to store the retaining lid 900 in a removable manner, so that the hooks 12 engage in the support element 916, lift the retaining lid 900 and hold it out of the frame 102 when the frame 102 is used for dry goods (e.g. when the liquid container is empty and has been removed).

[0060] The following description should take into account the Fig. 1 to 4 and the Fig. 5A to 5C will take place. Fig. Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the device 100 generally along line 5A-5A in Fig. 1, and the Fig. 5B and Fig. 5C generally shows enlarged sections from Fig. 5A. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5A, the liquid container 200 is generally, as depicted below, filled with a fluid, e.g. a bulk liquid and / or a fluid load, positioned within the frame 102 and within the frame 102 by deflection plates 300 and 302 - together with a plurality of retaining elements (see Figure 5A). Fig. 4) - attached, which hold the deflection plates 300, 302, 700 and 800 within the frame 102, the retaining elements having been removed for clarity of illustration. The deflection plates 300, 302, 700 and 800 essentially form sections within the fluid reservoir 200. The deflection plates 700 and 300 form section 200a, the deflection plates 300 and 302 form section 200b, and the deflection plates 302 and 800 form section 200c. The passage 334 of each of the deflection plates 300 and 302 form passages 200d and 200e, respectively, with passage 200d fluidically connecting sections 200a and 200b and passage 200e fluidically connecting sections 200b and 200c. As in the Fig. 5A and Fig. As generally shown in Figure 5C, the lower surface 316 of the two cover plates 300 and 302 rests on the top of the liquid container 200, in particular the outer lining 210, i.e. the cover plates 300 and 302 preferably do not rest on the bottom 3 of the shipping container 2 (see Figure 5C). Fig. 1) on, while the cover plates 700 and 800 preferably rest on the floor 3.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid container 200 consists of a liquid-impermeable outer lining, e.g., the outer lining 210, and a liquid-impermeable inner layer, e.g., the inner layer 220, which is arranged inside the outer lining 210. The outer lining 210 may have a closable opening arranged along its length, allowing the inner layer 220 to be placed therein. This opening may include a watertight zipper device, which allows the opening of the outer lining 210 to be closed while maintaining a liquid-impermeable configuration. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 5B, the outer lining 210 comprises a seal 212 arranged to form a watertight seal around a portion of the fluid line, in particular the inlet / outlet pipe 550. Similarly, the inner layer 220 comprises a seal 222 arranged to form a watertight seal around a portion of the fluid line 500, in particular the inlet / outlet pipe 550. The seal 222 could be attached to an outer surface of the inlet / outlet pipe 550 by known methods, such as ultrasonic welding or other methods provided for in the prior art, as long as the watertight configuration is maintained. Alternatively, the seal 222 could also be attached to a flange surrounding a portion of the inlet / outlet pipe 550.

[0062] In a preferred arrangement, the inner layer 220 consists of a liquid-impermeable material. The inner layer 220 can consist of a single- or double-layer thermoplastic, such as food-grade polyethylene or other similar thermoplastics, which can form a liquid-impermeable and collapsible / deformable liquid container that can have varying thicknesses so that the liquid-impermeable properties are maintained. In a preferred arrangement, the outer lining 210 is a liquid-impermeable material. The outer lining 210 can be a single- or double-layer thermoplastic, such as a thermoplastic coated with polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), e.g., "Soltis 502" from Ferrari Serge Sas.

[0063] Any known or subsequently developed material may be used for the inner and outer lining of the liquid container, provided that this material has waterproof and liquid-impermeable properties to prevent leakage from the liquid container when the container is forcibly held in the frame by the respective cover plates and filled with a liquid.

[0064] In a preferred, but not limiting, embodiment, one or more of the inner layers 220 or the inlet / outlet tube 550 can be designed for single use and as a disposable item. Although reusable configurations are considered within the scope of the appended claims, it should be noted that single-use and disposable versions of the foregoing have particular advantages, namely, avoiding the certified washing plant fees associated with washing a liquid container, and also efficiency, i.e., the necessary drying time of a washed reusable container for liquid bulk goods (e.g., at least two hours for collapsible and expandable versions) is completely avoided. Finally, a single-use bulk liquid container is the most hygienic option for transporting liquid bulk goods.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the device 100, the liquid line 500 is arranged such that it is positioned at least partially within the cutout 722 of the deflector plate 700. The liquid line 500 can consist of a valve 502 and an inlet / outlet pipe 550, which are detachably connected to one another and provide an inlet and / or an outlet into or out of the liquid reservoir 200, in particular the inner layer 220. As described above, the inlet / outlet pipe 550 is preferably watertight and attached to the inner layer 220, so that the inlet / outlet pipe 550 is the only outlet and inlet to the inner layer 220. As described in Fig. As shown in Figure 5B, a portion of the inlet / outlet pipe 550 is detachably attached to the valve 502, thereby fluidically connecting the valve 502 to the inner layer 220. In some embodiments, the valve 502 has a first opening 504 and a second opening 506. In some embodiments, the inlet / outlet pipe 550 comprises a bend 552 having a first opening 554 and a second opening 556, the second opening 556 being connected to the elongated section 558, in particular to the first end 560 of the elongated section 558. The first opening 554 of the bend 552 is arranged to be detachable and is at least partially located in the second opening 506 of the valve 502, thereby fluidically connecting the bend 552 to the valve 502.The first opening 554 of the elbow 552 is equipped with a cam lock designed to engage with a corresponding cam lock of the second opening 506 of the valve 502. The first opening 504 of the valve 502 can also be provided with a cam lock designed to be detachably connected to an external line, allowing fluid to be pumped into or out of the inner layer 220. Opposite the first end 560 of the elongated section 558 is the second end 562, which is located within the inner layer 220 near the bottom 3. The first end 560 and the second end 562 define the respective openings of the elongated section 558.Preferably, the second end 562 also comprises a plurality of openings 564 located near the second end 562 and circumscribing the elongated section 558, such that the fluid entering the elongated section 558 rests against an inner surface of the inner layer 220 at the second end 562. In one possible arrangement, the inner layer 220 can include a buffer 400 located directly below the second end 562 of the elongated section 558, preferably having a larger diameter than the second end 562. The buffer 400 consists of one or more additional material layers, which can be the same material as the inner layer 220 or a thicker material than the inner layer 220, e.g.,the same material as the outer lining 210, and serves as an additional protective layer for the inner layer 220, so that the second end 562 of the elongated section 558 cannot puncture, tear, etc. the inner layer 220 when the second end 562 rests on the inner surface of the inner layer 220.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the valve 502 is attached to the movable plate 602, which is slidably mounted on the mounting plate 600, the mounting plate 600 being connected to the rear wall 110. The movable plate 602 is arranged within the mounting plate 600 and can be selectively moved in a vertical direction, thereby moving the valve 502 and an associated inlet / outlet pipe 550 up and down. Therefore, during use, the second end 562 of the elongated section 558 can be lowered so that it contacts the inner surface of the inner layer 220, in particular the buffer 400, or it can be raised so that a space exists between the second end 562 of the elongated section 558 and the inner surface of the inner layer 220, in particular the buffer 400.When liquid is pumped into the inner layer 220 via the valve 502 and the inlet / outlet pipe 550 during operation, it is advantageous for the second end 562 to be raised so that the liquid can fill the inner layer 220 with minimal resistance. When the liquid is withdrawn from the inner layer 220 via the valve 502 and the inlet / outlet pipe 550, the second end 562 is preferably lowered so that it contacts the buffer 400 or the inner surface of the inner layer 220, allowing a plurality of elongated openings 564 to be positioned at the lowest possible point to enable maximum emptying of the inner layer 220. The vertical displacement of the movable plate 602, e.g.,The lowering of the second end 562, together with the force of the deflection plates 300 and 302 exerted on the inner layer 220, enables an essentially complete emptying of the fluid from the inner layer 220, in contrast to a simple gravity-fed outlet of the previous solutions.

[0067] The following description should be made in light of the aforementioned figures and the Fig. 6A to 6B can be seen, which generally show the cross-sectional view of Fig. Figure 5 illustrates the fluid movement within the fluid container 200 of the device 100. In particular, it shows Fig. 6A in general, how the fluid moves and interacts with the deflection plates 300, 302, 700 and 800 inside the fluid container 200 when the shipping container 2 is subjected to a deceleration force Fig. Figure 6B shows in general terms how the liquid moves and interacts with the deflection plates 300, 302, 700, and 800 in the liquid reservoir 200 when the shipping container 2 is subjected to an acceleration force. Each of the rear deflection plate 700 and the front deflection plate 800 has a concave surface, the concave surfaces 712 and 812, respectively. The middle deflection plates 300 and 302 each have a pair of opposing concave surfaces, 312 and 314. All concave surfaces are designed to substantially deflect the liquid in the liquid reservoir 200 away from the respective concave surfaces and toward the bottom 3 of the shipping container 2. This arrangement significantly reduces the sloshing effect of the liquid and the associated forces when braking and acceleration forces act on the shipping container 2.Furthermore, the sections formed by the deflection plates 300 and 302 prevent a significant amount of fluid or liquid in the fluid reservoir 200 from flowing towards the front wall 108 when a braking force is applied to the shipping container 2, or from flowing towards the rear wall 110 when an acceleration force is applied to the shipping container 2. Instead, less fluid flows between sections 200a, 200b, and 200c via the passages 200d and 200e formed by the passages 334 of the deflection plates 300 and 302, further reducing the force that the fluid can exert on the shipping container. Meanwhile, as in . Fig.As shown in Figure 4, the retaining elements, together with the deflection plates 300 and 302, exert a downward force on the liquid container 200, which contributes to a lower center of gravity of the liquid in the liquid container 200. All these aspects of the device 100 ensure a safer method of transporting liquid bulk goods in a shipping container.

[0068] It is highly valued that various aspects of the above disclosure and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, can be desirablely combined in many other different systems or applications. Various currently unforeseen alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements may subsequently be made by those skilled in the art, which are also covered by the following claims. REFERENCE MARK LIST 2 shipping containers 3 floors 4 Front wall 6 Wall 8 Wall 9 ceiling 10 rail 12 hooks 100 liquid transport tank device, device 102 frames 104 Side wall 106 side wall 108 Front wall 110 back panel 112 pens 114 pens 120 Adjustable connector 122 hooks 124 cases 126 coil 128 staff 130 items held 132 loop 200 Collapsible Liquid Containers Section 200a Section 200b Section 200c 200d cycle 200th pass 210 Outer lining 212 Seal 214 seam 220 Inner layer 222 Seal 224 seam 226 Below 250 retractable cord 252 clips 300 First deflection plate 302 Second deflection plate 310 Upper surface 312 First concave surface 314 Second concave surface 316 Lower surface 318 First side surface 320 Second side surface Channel 322 324 support beams 326 First Grip 328 Second Handle 330 First extension 332 Second extension 334 Passage 336 Inner support element 400 buffers 500 liquid line 502 Valve 504 First Opening 506 Second Opening 550 Inlet / Outlet Pipe 552 manifold 554 First Opening 556 Second Opening 558 Elongated section 560 First End 562 Second End 564 Variety of openings 600 Mounting plate 602 Movable plate 700 Rear deflector plate 710 Upper surface 712 Concave surface 714 Flat surface 716 Lower surface 718 First side surface 720 Second side surface 722 Excerpt 724 Inner support element 800 Front deflector plate 810 Upper surface 812 Concave surface 814 Flat surface 816 Lower surface 818 First side surface 820 Second side surface 822 Inner support element 900 retaining lids 902 slots 904 slots 906 slots 908 slots 910 case 912 case 914 Support element 916 Support element Distance FE Front L1 length L2 length L3 length L4 length L5 length L6 length LD1 direction in longitudinal direction LD2 direction in longitudinal direction RE Rear End SE1 End of page SE2 End of page TD1 Transverse Direction TD2 Transverse Direction VD1 Vertical direction VD2 Vertical Direction QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 6,015,055

[0004] US 6,065,265

[0004] US 6,131,756

[0004] US 6,216,900

[0004] US 6,299,437

[0004] US 6,299,437

[0004] US 8,132,686

[0004] US 10,137,809

[0004] US 11,643,003 [0011, 0044]

Claims

[1] Device for use in a shipping container for the selective transport of solid cargo and liquid bulk cargo, comprising: a first frame that extends longitudinally along the shipping container and is firmly attached to it; a second side frame that extends lengthwise along the shipping container and is firmly attached to it; a front frame positioned between the first and second side frames; a collapsible liquid container, located essentially between the first and second side frames, comprising: a liquid-impermeable outer lining; a liquid-impermeable inner layer located within the outer lining and a liquid conduit in liquid communication with the inner layer; a rear frame which is detachably attached to the first and second side frames opposite the front frame; and at least one deflector plate, functionally arranged to be positioned between the first and second side frames and on the collapsible liquid container, the collapsible liquid container being adapted to be at least partially detachably pinned within the frame via the at least one deflector plate. [2] The device according to claim 1 further comprises: a first deflection plate, functionally arranged to be positioned between the first and second side frames and on top of the collapsible liquid container; and, a second deflection plate, functionally arranged to be positioned between the first and second side frames and on the top of the collapsible liquid container, and spaced apart from the first deflection plate. [3] Device according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second deflection plates comprises: an upper surface and a lower surface, bounded by a pair of side surfaces; and a pair of concave surfaces arranged between the upper and lower surfaces; and a channel arranged within the pair of concave surfaces and the lower surface. [4] Device according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second deflection plates comprises a channel arranged within the upper surface and the pair of side surfaces, and wherein the channel is arranged to accommodate a support element. [5] The device according to claim 1 also comprises: a front deflector plate which is located at least partially within the frame and in the vicinity of the front frame, wherein the front deflector plate has an upper surface and a lower surface which are bounded by a pair of side surfaces, a concave surface which is located between the upper and the lower surface and a rear surface which is located between the upper and the lower surface and which faces the front of the frame. [6] The device according to claim 1 also comprises: a rear deflector plate that is located at least partially within the frame and near the rear frame, wherein the rear deflector plate a top and a bottom, bounded by a pair of side faces comprising a concave surface arranged between the upper and lower surfaces and facing the rear frame, a rear surface arranged between the upper and lower surfaces and facing the rear frame, and a channel arranged within the upper, lower and concave surfaces, wherein the channel is designed to accommodate at least part of the fluid line, at least partially. [7] The device according to claim 1 further comprises: at least one retaining cover, which is designed to at least partially cover a space arranged between the side frames, wherein the at least one retaining cover is retractably attached to a top surface of one of the side frames and detachably attached to a top surface of the opposite side frame, and wherein the at least one retaining cover is further designed to hold the at least one deflector plate to the liquid container. [8] Device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid line further comprises: an elongated pipe section with a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is arranged within the inner layer and the second end extends through the inner layer and is attached to it; and, a bend extending from the first end. [9] The device according to claim 3 also comprises: a valve that is attached to the front frame and arranged so that it can be detachably attached to the manifold. [10] The device according to claim 9 further comprises: a movable plate that is connected to the rear frame and can move vertically, with the valve attached to the movable sliding plate. [11] Device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one deflection plate is configured to absorb energy from the liquid contained in the collapsible liquid container. [12] Device according to claim 3, wherein the deflection plates consist of one or more open-cell foams or a closed-cell foam. [13] Device according to claim 5, wherein the rear deflection plate consists of one or more open-cell foams or a closed-cell foam. [14] Device according to claim 5, wherein the front deflection plate consists of one or more open-cell foams or a closed-cell foam. [15] The device according to claim 1 also comprises: a retraction cord which is detachably attached to the liquid container, wherein the retraction cord is attached to an inner surface of a wall of the shipping container, making it possible to pull the liquid container along the retraction cord towards the front frame when the liquid container is empty.

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