Laminated glass, methods for its manufacture and laminated glass arrangement

Abstract

The invention provides for a laminated glass (111) for a building facade comprising a first glass pane (1) connected to a second glass pane (2) by at least one laminating film (3), wherein a plurality of plates (4) with a first light-absorbing surface (4b) and with at least one second light-reflecting surface (4a) are provided between the laminating film (3) and the first glass pane (1), wherein the light-absorbing surface (4b) of the plates (4) faces the at least one laminating film (3), and wherein the plates (4) are arranged spaced apart from one another.The laminated glass (111) appears substantially transparent when viewed in the direction (a) towards the light-absorbing surface (4b) of the plates (4) and the at least one second glass pane (2), and appears less transparent when viewed in the direction (a) towards the reflective surface (4a) of the plates (4) and the first glass pane (1) due to their spaced-apart arrangement. The laminated glass (111) is characterized by the fact that the first glass pane (1) has near-surface sections with a modified surface or surface structure on its outer surface (1a), which are arranged in a direction (a) perpendicular to the outer surface (1a) of the at least one first glass pane (1) in alignment with or precisely fitted to the plates (4). A laminated glass arrangement (50) and a method for producing a laminated glass (111) are also described.

Description

The invention relates to a laminated glass according to the preamble of claim 1 and a laminated glass arrangement according to claim 9 and a method for producing a laminated glass according to the preamble of claim 11. Laminated glass, especially laminated safety glass (consisting of two panes of glass bonded together with an interlayer), is increasingly used as a facade element because it meets high safety requirements. Facade elements have enjoyed growing popularity for several decades. Many public administration buildings, museums, galleries, conference centers, airport terminals, corporate headquarters, train stations, and even modern private townhouses are increasingly being constructed with glass facades. To generate a desired reflection effect as a design freedom for facades, DE 10 2020 118 035 A1 proposes a film composite designed for integration into a building cladding element or a solar glass composite. The film composite comprises a top lamination film, a carrier lamination film, and a number of sequins arranged between them. The sequins are arranged on a translucent sequin carrier film, which has a partially reflective coating that transmits a portion of the incident light radiation and reflects a portion as reflected light radiation. The optical density of the partially reflective coating is between 0.1 and 0.7, and the partially reflective coating of the sequins is designed to generate a reflection effect by means of the reflected light radiation.The sequins in the foil composite cover an area in such a way that the area coverage is less than 0.7. In addition to measures for regulating building temperature, bird strikes have become an increasing problem, particularly in high-rise buildings. To make facades more visible as obstacles for approaching birds, or even flocks of birds, exterior glazing has been printed, covered, or otherwise marked with patterns perceptible to the animals. To ensure adequate lighting conditions for residents or people working in such buildings, bird deterrent markings have been optimized in terms of their coverage while maintaining effectiveness. By using periodic or patterned arrangements of small marking elements, good protection for approaching birds has been achieved even with low coverage of just a few percent of the exterior surfaces. Bird protection measures have therefore already been implemented in various ways for glazing. For example, DE 10 2016 122 030 A1 proposes, to improve bird protection, a transparent pane with a first optically effective pattern in a first plane and a second optically effective pattern in a second plane, spaced apart from the first plane in the thickness direction of the pane. The transparent pane can have an optically effective pattern with individual pattern elements, whereby the individual pattern elements are spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction of the pane. This spacing of individual pattern elements in the thickness direction of the pane results in relative displacements of the pattern elements relative to each other, which can create seemingly dynamic effects during approach (stage effect, moiré effect). In this way, in addition to the effect of the individual patterns, an interaction of the patterns occurs such that macroscopic patterns are present.The patterns appear or disappear, a phenomenon that can be significantly dependent on a bird's movement relative to the disc. This results in the combined effectiveness of the patterns being greater than the sum of their individual effects, thus improving bird strike protection. Specifically, two or more optically effective patterns can be present on two or more planes of the disc, and these patterns can be designed to complement each other. The coordination can be such that desired backdrop effects are created and / or avoided, or moiré effects are produced. These planes can be the two surfaces of a disc. However, it is also conceivable to place individual pattern elements within the interior of a thick disc. To improve the bird protection function of glazing, EP 4 317 101 A further proposes multiple glazing, which characteristically comprises a first pane of glass with a first outward-facing surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second pane of glass with a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and a plurality of pillars in contact with the second and third surfaces. At least one of the first, second, third, or fourth surfaces has a reflective zone provided with at least one reflective film for reflecting ultraviolet light. Furthermore, at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth surfaces has a transparent area for transmitting ultraviolet light.The multitude of columns includes at least one column with an area that corresponds to the at least one reflective film when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first surface. Finally, EP 3 672 800 B1 discloses a laminated glass comprising a first and a second glass pane and a laminated film assembly with a first and a second laminating film arranged between and connected to the first and second glass panes. The laminated glass is characterized in that a plurality of sequins with a first light-absorbing surface are arranged between the first and second laminating films, wherein the sequins face the first laminating film with their light-absorbing surface and are spaced apart from one another in such a way that the laminated glass appears transparent when viewed from the side of the light-absorbing surface of the sequins. The spaces between the numerous spaced-apart sequins are thus preferably largely optically transparent, so that the laminated glass is only largely optically transparent, or essentially transparent, between the sequins. By appropriately orienting the light-absorbing surface of the sequins towards the interior of a building, visibility from the outside can be restricted. Accordingly, this laminated glass is suitable as bird protection glass. Due to the large number of glass-fronted high-rise buildings, especially those that stand alone above city skylines, a further problem arises during increasing darkness, at night, and at dawn due to the buildings' all-day interior lighting or floodlighting. Particularly during bird migration periods to their winter or summer habitats, birds are directly attracted to illuminated or floodlit high-rises. Searching for resting places or food, the birds fly directly towards illuminated landmarks such as corridor or office lights, or even illuminated monitors behind glass facades. When flying towards these brightly lit targets, the animals cannot see the exterior glass of the building facades in front of them and are thus killed. Accordingly, the invention is based on the objective of designing glass facades exposed to bird strikes in such a way that, even during darkness and especially with prevailing interior lighting in the buildings, the perceptibility of glass facades as obstacles for birds is ensured. The problem is solved starting from the features of the preamble of claims 1 and 11 with the characterizing features of the respective claims and with a laminated glass arrangement according to claim 9. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a laminated glass, in particular laminated safety glass, for a building facade, comprising a first glass pane connected to at least a second glass pane by means of at least one laminating film, wherein a plurality of plates with a first light-absorbing surface and with at least a second light-reflecting surface are provided between the laminating film and the first glass pane, wherein the light-absorbing surface of the plates faces the at least one laminating film, and wherein the plates are arranged spaced apart from one another.that the laminated glass appears transparent when viewed from the light-absorbing surface of the platelets and the at least one second glass pane, and that when viewed from the reflective surface of the platelets and the first glass pane, these are visible according to their spaced arrangement and / or appear less transparent compared to the side of the light-absorbing surface of the platelets. The laminated glass is characterized by the fact that the first glass pane has, on its outer surface, spaced-apart sections near the surface with a modified or processed surface or surface structure, which are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the first glass pane, either aligned with the platelets or precisely fitted to them. In a second aspect, the invention provides for a laminated glass arrangement with a laminated glass according to the first aspect and with at least one light source attached to one of the circumferential edge sections of the laminated glass. Finally, in a third aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a laminated glass that appears transparent on one side, in particular a laminated glass according to the first aspect, for use as an exterior facade element or as an interior design element, in particular laminated safety glass, comprising the steps of: - providing a laminating film arrangement consisting of a laminating film and plates spaced apart from one another on this film, having a light-absorbing surface and a light-reflecting surface opposite it, wherein the plates with the light-absorbing surface are fixed to the laminating film; - inserting the laminating film arrangement between a first and at least one second glass pane; and - joining the first and the at least one second glass pane and the laminating film arrangement to form a laminated glass with a hermetic connection of the glass panes along their edges. The process is characterized by the application of spaced-apart sections with a modified surface or surface structure in the area of ​​the outside of the first glass pane facing the metallic reflective surface of the plates. According to the invention, laminated glass, in particular laminated safety glass, or laminated glass assemblies, in particular laminated safety glass assemblies, are provided with surface modifications or surface treatments on their sides that form an outer surface of a building in an installed or used state. These modifications or treatments are applied in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface, precisely aligned with the plates, so-called sequins, which have a first light-absorbing and a second light-reflecting surface spaced apart between the outer panes of the laminated glass. The surface treatments or modifications, which are also spaced apart according to the arrangement of the plates, are oriented towards the light-reflecting surface of the plates.Light emanating from surface treatments or modifications, or coupled from a multiple reflection pattern typical of parallel glass pane arrangements and directed onto the light-reflecting surface of the plates, is reflected by the plates in such a way that bright points or areas are visible from the outside. These correspond to the arrangement pattern of the plates and the sections of treated or modified surface or surface structure. Such a pattern of brighter points or areas against a background is perceptible to approaching birds as an obstacle and deters them from landing on the glass facades.Preferably, by appropriately selecting the arrangement and density of the plates and the sections associated with them with a modified surface or surface structure in the area of ​​the outside, which serve to couple out the light rays passing through the glass when illuminated, a light grid can be created that appears impenetrable to the birds and is therefore life-saving. The first glass pane of the laminated glass according to the invention is made of low-iron glass in order to effectively highlight the light-reflecting surface of the plates by irradiation with light, thus making the laminated glass sufficiently visible as an obstacle for birds even in darkness. The second glass pane is preferably also made of low-iron glass. The invention offers the advantage that bird protection measures can be implemented independently of the manufacturing process of laminated glass, preferably after the manufacturing process of the laminated glass. A further advantage lies in the relatively simple and cost-effective method of implementing a bird protection function in the laminated glass or the laminated glass assembly. Furthermore, bird protection functionality can be achieved in laminated glass units that have already been installed. In one embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, the sections with modified surfaces or surface structures are produced by selectively sandblasting the outer surface of the first glass pane. This requires appropriate masking of the outer surface of the first glass pane using adhesive tape or stencils. The advantage here lies in the ease of handling the glass processing. Alternatively, sections with a modified surface or surface structure of the laminated glass according to the invention can be created by surface engraving of the first glass pane using diamond-tipped grinding stones or silicon carbide grinding stones, which are set in rotation by suitable drive tools. This eliminates the need to mask the outer surface of the first glass pane. Preferably, phosphorescent materials can be incorporated in the area of ​​the surface engraving. In another embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, the sections with modified surface or surface structure are applied to the outer surface of the first glass pane by selective etching. This advantageously allows for uniform processing of the glass. Sections with modified surfaces or surface structures can also be formed by selectively printing the outer surface of the first glass pane with a paint containing a phosphorescent phosphor. This advantageously eliminates the need for artificial lighting of the laminated glass or the first glass pane and allows natural daylight to be used for adjusting the bird protection functionality according to the invention. The ink is preferably applied using a digital or screen printing process. Glass powder can also be added to the ink along with appropriate melt lacquers or solvents. Preferably, the paint contains sulfides of metals from the second main group of the periodic table and / or zinc, preferably with the addition of small amounts of heavy metal salts as phosphorescent substances. This simplifies handling. In a further embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, the sections with a modified surface or surface structure are formed by selective laser irradiation of the outside of the first glass pane. In a further embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, the sections with modified surface or surface structure are produced by spot laser irradiation of the outer surface of the first glass pane. In this way, the size of the sections with modified surface or surface structure can be precisely controlled and the cross-section can be selected as desired. Preferably, recess-like sections with altered surface or surface structure caused by laser irradiation can be filled with phosphorescent phosphors and glass powder and further preferably baked on with the addition of a stoving lacquer. In a further embodiment of the laminated glass arrangement according to the invention, spaced-apart light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are arranged or can be attached to at least one edge section. Bird protection functionality can thus be achieved in a simple and cost-effective manner and can be retrofitted to installed laminated glass. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the sections with a modified surface or surface structure are produced by a selective etching process on the outside of the first glass pane. In the inventive method, sections with altered surfaces or surface structures can also be produced by selectively sandblasting an outer surface of the first glass pane. The advantage is the ability to subsequently process laminated glass to adjust its bird protection functionality. Alternatively, in the inventive method of a laminated glass that appears transparent on one side, sections with a modified surface or surface structure can be introduced by means of surface engraving of the first glass pane using diamond-tipped grinding stones or silicon carbide grinding stones, which can be set into a rotary motion with appropriate drive tools. Preferably, phosphorescent luminescent materials can be added in the area of ​​the surface engraving. In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the sections with a modified surface or surface structure are produced by selectively applying a paint containing a phosphorescent material. Alternatively, the inventive method provides for the surface treatment elements to be produced by selective laser irradiation, in particular with a CO2 laser. The use of such lasers in glass processing offers cost advantages. The plates or sequins used in the present invention can be constructed in one or more layers. Their shape can be cuboid, preferably semi-concave, with the reflective surface located in the concave section. The absorption coefficient of the light-absorbing surface can be at least 50% in the visible spectral range. The light-absorbing surfaces are preferably black. The plates or sequins used in the invention can correspond to those described in EP 3 872 800 B1. It is understood that the invention also includes a kit consisting of a laminated glass according to claim 1 and light sources to be attached to one or more edge sections thereof. The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the figures, which are drawn to different scales and are partly highly simplified schematically. Identical parts are designated with the same reference numerals. The figures show: Fig. 1 a section through a first embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention in an exploded view, Fig. 2 a simplified representation of a second embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, Fig. 3(a) - (e) enlarged representations of different embodiments of near-surface sections according to the invention with modified surfaces or surface structures, Fig. 4 a front view of a third embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, Fig. 5 a front view of a fourth embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, Fig.6 a perspective view of an embodiment of a laminated glass arrangement according to the invention with a fifth embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, Fig. 7 a partial section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6 in an illuminated state in enlarged view and Fig. 8 the area marked with the letter V of Fig. 7 in the laminated glass according to the invention in enlarged view. According to Fig. 1, a first embodiment of a laminated glass according to the invention, designated overall by reference numeral 10, has a first glass pane 1 made of clear glass, which can be bonded to a second glass pane 2 arranged parallel to the first glass pane by means of a laminating film 3 in a manner known per se to form a laminated glass 10. Small platelets 4, preferably semi-concave, are applied to the laminating film 3, which is made of a tear-resistant and elastic material such as polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, or polyvinyl butyral, for example by gluing, pressing, or another lamination process. The platelets 4 are single- or multi-layered and have a light-reflecting surface 4a and a light-absorbing surface 4b opposite it.Depending on the shape of the plates 4, such as a cuboid or a shape with a longitudinally oval cross-section, their longitudinal and transverse dimensions are between 2 and 60 mm with a thickness of 2 to 8 mm. Preferably, in the case of a round shape, the radius is approximately 5 mm. In its functional state, the laminating film 3, provided with the plates 4, is arranged between the first and second glass panes 1, 2, which are preferably made of tempered safety glass, such that the reflective surface 4a faces the first glass pane 1, and the first glass pane 1 forms an outer surface of a building facade or part thereof. In the case of a multi-layered structure of the plates 4, also referred to as sequins, the light-reflecting surface 4a is formed by a metallic reflective polymer film, such as a polyester film, and the light-absorbing surface 4b is formed by a light-absorbing plastic film or a dark decorative film, perceptible to the human eye as black. Such light-absorbing elements are filtered out by the human eye, especially in the case of strong ambient contrast. These elements do not stand out from their surroundings when viewed from above and are therefore barely or not at all perceived. Thus, the laminated glass 10 is essentially transparent when viewed from the second pane 2. Light-reflecting elements are perceived as bright or glossy when viewed from above. The elements that appear bright or glossy due to light reflection are clearly emphasized by an observer viewing the first pane 1 from above, standing out against the background image behind it. The gaze is directed or concentrated on the bright or glossy elements, which makes the laminated glass 10 appear less transparent from the first pane 1 than from the opposite side. As shown in Fig. 2, in a further embodiment of the laminated glass 11 according to the invention, the second glass pane 2, which in an operating state of the laminated glass 11 faces the interior of a building, can be connected to a third glass pane 6 via one or more laminating films 7. The third glass pane 6 can be provided or designed for thermal insulation purposes or as another functional element, for example with regard to adjusting shading conditions or the like. Extending slightly inwards from or towards an outer surface 1a, the first glass pane 1 has sections 9 with a modified, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure. Within the scope of the invention, the terms "sections 9 with a modified, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure" refer to a modification of the glass structure on or towards the outer surface 1a of the glass pane 1. The sections 9 with a modified, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure are spaced apart on the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1 such that they are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1, in a direction indicated by arrow a in Fig. 1, precisely aligned with or in line with the plates or sequins 4 on the laminating film 3. The sections 9 with a modified, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1, as indicated by arrow a in Fig. 1.Damaged surface or surface structure can be caused in different ways or treatment processes of the glass pane 1 within the scope of the invention. As simplified and illustrated by way of example in Fig. 3(a), a section with a modified, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure 12 can be formed by a plurality of essentially funnel-shaped engraved elements. These elements are created by spot-illuminating the first glass pane 1 from its outer surface 1a with a high-intensity laser beam, such as a beam from an infrared laser, for example, a CO2 laser. The focused laser beam melts glass material at the beam position, forming cone-shaped recesses 13 that recrystallize to form the surface 1a. The diameter of the laser beam is approximately 3 to 4 mm, so that a section of processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure 12, symbolized by Fig. 3(a), is produced by approximately fifty laser pulses.Sections with modified or processed surfaces or surface structures can also be produced by means of surface engraving, as simplified in Fig. 3(e). In this process, the first glass pane 1 in section 20 is processed with diamond-tipped grinding stones or silicon carbide grinding stones rotated by a drive device, for example by roughening the surface or providing it with small indentations. As schematically indicated in Fig. 3(b), a section with an altered, processed, disturbed, or damaged surface or surface structure 15 can be achieved by selectively etching the first glass pane 1 on its outer surface 1a, for example, with hydrofluoric acid-based acids. In the etched area 15, the surface structure is altered compared to that of the glass on or beneath the remaining surface or outer surface 1a of the glass pane 1. Another method, as exemplified by Fig. 3(c), involves selective sandblasting of the outer surface or surface 1a, which, via masking of the surface 1a, creates a roughened section with a modified or processed surface or surface structure 17 in the arrangement illustrated by Fig. 1. Finally, the invention also provides, as simplified in Fig. 3(d), for partial and spaced-apart printing 19 on the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1 using printing inks containing a fluorescent material. According to Fig. 3, the laminated glass 1 according to the invention has, in a direction illustrated by arrow a, a precisely fitting or aligned arrangement of the plates 4 or sequins 4 and the sections 9 with a modified surface or surface structure 9 perpendicular to the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1. In a first embodiment of the laminated glass 1 according to the invention, a regular arrangement of sequins 4 and sections 9 with a modified surface or surface structure 9 can be provided over the entire broad sides of the glass pane 1 and the laminating film 3. With the illustrated arrangement of the surface treatment elements 9 or plates or sequins 4 achieved by laser irradiation, sufficient transparency through the laminated glass 1 is provided due to a coverage of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, and more preferably less than 5% of the glass surface. The patterns on the first glass pane 1 or the laminating film 3 of the laminated glass 100, 110 with plates or sequins 4 and sections of modified surface or surface structure 9 can be arranged in regular or irregular patterns – Fig. 4, Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 5, regular arrangements of the plates 4 and the sections of modified surface or surface structure 9 can be mixed with irregular arrangements or patterns. Likewise, the spacing between the plates 4 and the sections of modified surface or surface structure 9, which are oriented precisely or flush with them in the top-down direction, can be selected differently along the plane defined by the first glass pane 1. That is, the arrangement of sections with modified surface or surface structure 9 and plates 4 can have areas of different densities. As schematically indicated in Figures 4 and 5 for the production of sections 9 with modified surface or surface structure, the sequins or plates 4 advantageously overlap the sections 9 with modified surface or surface structure in the plane (paper plane) defined by the first glass pane 1. According to the embodiment of the laminated glass 110 according to the invention shown in Figure 5, the extent of the sections with modified surface or surface structure along the plane (paper plane) defined by the glass pane 1 can differ relative to the extent of the plates 4 in the same plane. In addition to sections 29 with modified surface or surface structure of small extent, sections 9 of larger extent, up to sections 49 whose planar extent almost corresponds to that of the plates 4, can also be attached to the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1. By attaching lighting strips 21 to edge sections 111d, 111c of the laminated glass 111 according to the invention, a laminated glass arrangement 50 according to the invention is realized, as simplified in Fig. 6. The lighting strips 21 each have a row of light-emitting diodes 23 which can emit light towards the edge sections 1c, 1d of the first glass pane 1. The lighting strips 21 can be detachably attached to the laminated glass 111. As schematically illustrated in Fig. 7, lenses 25 of the light-emitting diodes 23, which are spaced apart along the edge section 1c, 1d of the first glass pane 1 or corresponding edge sections of the laminated glass 111, are provided such that edge rays 31, 32 of the light emitted by the light-emitting diodes 23 are reflected onto the outer surfaces 1a and 1b of the first glass pane 1, respectively, at the transition from the optical medium glass to an optically less dense medium - in the case of the interface 1a to the ambient air - at the angle of total internal reflection αT and thus are reflected accordingly from the respective interface 1a, 1b to the other 1b, 1a.The marginal rays 31, 32 pass through the first glass pane 1 under total internal reflection at the two opposite interfaces 1a, 1b in order to exit the first glass pane 1 at the edge section 1d opposite the edge section serving as an incoming light source, unless this is also provided with a lighting strip 21. All light beams entering the first glass pane 1 at an angle of incidence greater than the angle of total internal reflection given by the angle αT are also totally reflected upon striking the interface between the optically denser medium glass with a refractive index n = 1.5 and the ambient air with a refractive index of approximately n = 1, as illustrated by the light beam 33, and, like the beams 31, 32, pass through the first glass pane 1 after several reflections from an edge section 1c until their exit at the opposite edge section 1d. According to the invention, a lighting strip 21 is mounted on at least one edge section or both edge sections 1d, 1c of the first glass pane 1 of the laminated glass 111 or on at least one or both edge sections 111d, 111c of the laminated glass 111. It is understood that the lighting strips 21 can be attached to two opposing edge sections 1d, 1c; 1d, 1e; 1c, 1f of the first glass pane 1 or of the laminated glass 111 that form an angle of 90°. It is also understood that if the light-emitting diodes 23 or the lenses 25 are positioned such that the rays emitted by the light-emitting diodes 23 pass through the first glass pane 1 perpendicular to the edge sections 1a, 1b or 111a, 111b of the laminated glass 111, the light enters at the edge and exits at the opposite edge. Figure 7 shows an irradiation state of the first glass pane 1. If the light emitted into the first glass pane 1 by the light-emitting diodes 23 with the aid of the lenses 25 strikes the sections 9 with a modified surface or surface structure, as illustrated by light rays 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39, the altered structure or composition of the glass in the sections 9 with the modified surface or surface structure, in contrast to the unmodified or unprocessed areas of the first glass pane 1, will lead to an interruption of the reflection at the edge sections 1a, 1b, as illustrated by light rays 31, 32.Rather, the small-scale or roughened structure within sections 9, with its altered surface or surface structure in an area near the outer surface 1a of the first glass pane 1, "couples out" the light 37, 38 and, as indicated by arrows l, l4, reflects it in all directions as if coming from a light source (see Fig. 8). The altered structure in sections 9 is achieved by the processing steps described. In the case of processing or altering the glass structure in sections 9 by a laser irradiation process, subsequent recrystallization of the glass contributes to a change in the structure. The rays 14, originating from the sections 9 with modified surface or surface structure and reaching the plates 4 at their metallic-reflective surface 4a, are reflected by the plates 4 to the opposite edge 1a and emerge from the outer surface 1a of the glass pane 1. Outwardly, they form the pattern created by the plates 4 and the sections 9 with modified surface or surface structure, which are arranged precisely or in alignment with them in the viewing direction, as luminous points. This allows an observer, and as intended by the invention, an approaching bird, to perceive the pattern formed by the sections 9 with modified surface or surface structure and the sequins or plates 4 as a pattern of luminous points, and thus to perceive the first glass pane 1 or the laminated glass 111, which is otherwise invisible in the dark, as an obstacle to be flown around. The reflection of the light rays emitted by the LEDs 23 through the sections 9 with their modified surface or surface structure is enhanced by the metallic-reflective concave surface of the plates 4. This surface focuses the rays 14 upon reflection from the plates 4 towards the opposite edge 1a or the outer surface 1a of the glass pane 1 in a concave mirror-like manner. According to the invention, irradiation of the reflective plates 4 creates a radiating light image that serves as a warning to approaching birds. In the embodiment of the sections with a modified surface or surface structure as sections 19 printed with a phosphorescent ink, the light intensity emitted by the diodes 23 can be increased. On the other hand, in this embodiment of the laminated glass according to the invention, the use of the light-emitting diodes 23 can be largely dispensed with. This is because the phosphorescent dyes within the sections 19 with the modified surface or surface structure, irradiated by daylight, can, due to their phosphorescence properties, cause sufficient irradiation of the metallic-reflective surface 4c of the plates 4 in the darkness of night or at dawn, thus reflecting an arrangement pattern of these plates outwards as a luminescent pattern, as symbolized by the arrows 41 in Fig. 3(d). Phosphorescent substances can also be introduced into the sections of modified surface or surface structure 20 or 13 produced by engraving or laser irradiation for the purposes described with reference to Fig. 3(d) within the scope of the invention. For this purpose, recess-like engraved elements or the conical recesses 13 of the laser irradiation, into which the phosphorescent substances are introduced, are preferably suitable. These are preferably baked on with the addition of a glass powder and a stoving enamel as a carrier or solvent when heated to a temperature above the transformation temperature required for the production of tempered safety glass (ESG) and quenched to create a prestress in the first glass pane 1. Optionally, a so-called diffuser pigment can be added to increase the light scattering in the funnel-shaped recess. Titanium oxide (TiO2), barium sulfate, or titanium(II) oxide can be used as diffuser pigments within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Laminated glass (10, 11, 100, 110, 111), in particular laminated safety glass, for a facade of a building comprising a first glass pane (1) which is bonded to at least a second glass pane (2) by means of at least one laminating film (3), wherein a plurality of plates (4) having a first light-absorbing surface (4b) and having at least a second light-reflecting surface (4a) are provided between the laminating film (3) and the first glass pane (1), wherein the light-absorbing surface (4b) of the plates (4) faces the at least one laminating film (3), and wherein the plates (4) are spaced apart from one another such that the laminated glass (10, 11, 100, 110,111) in the direction of viewing the light-absorbing surface (4b) of the plates (4) and the at least one second glass plate (2) appears substantially transparent and in the direction of viewing (a) the reflective surface (4a) of the plates (4) and the first glass plate (1) appears less transparent according to the spaced arrangement of the plates (4), characterized in that the first glass plate (1) has spaced-off sections near its outer surface (1a) or on its outer surface (1a) with a modified surface or surface structure (9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20) which are arranged in a direction (a) perpendicular to the outer surface (1a) of the first glass plate (1) in alignment with or precisely fitted to the plates (4). Laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (17) are produced by selective sandblasting of the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1). Laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (20) are produced by a surface engraving of the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1). Laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (15) are applied by selective etching of the first glass pane (1) from its outside (1a). Laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure are formed by selectively printing the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1) with a color (19) containing a phosphorescent phosphor. Laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (12, 13) with modified surface or surface structure are formed by selective laser irradiation of the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1). Laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized in that the sections (12) with modified surface or surface structure are produced by spot laser irradiation of the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1). Laminated glass according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that recess-like areas (13) of the sections (12) with modified surface or surface structure are provided with phosphorescent phosphors. Laminated glass arrangement (50) with a laminated glass (10, 11, 100, 110, 111) according to one of claims 1 to 8 , and with at least one light source (21, 23) attached to one of the circumferential edge sections (111d, 111c) of the laminated glass (10, 11, 100, 110, 111). Laminated glass arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (23) spaced apart from each other are arranged on the at least one edge section (1d, 1c). Method for producing a laminated glass that appears transparent on one side, in particular a laminated glass (10, 11, 100, 110, 111) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, for use as an exterior facade element, in particular laminated safety glass, comprising the steps of: - providing a laminating film arrangement consisting of a laminating film (3) and plates (4) spaced apart from one another on the film, having a light-absorbing surface (4b) and a light-reflecting surface (4a) opposite it, wherein the plates (4) with the light-absorbing surface (4b) are fixed to the laminating film (3); - inserting the laminating film arrangement between a first (1) and a second glass pane (2); and - joining the first (1) and second glass pane (2) and the laminating film arrangement to form a laminated glass with a tight connection between the first and second glass panes (1, 2) along their edges.-characterized by the application of spaced-apart sections with a modified surface or surface structure (9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20) in the area of ​​the outer surface (1a) of the first glass pane (1) facing the metallic reflective surface (4a) of the platelets (4). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (15) are produced by a selective etching process of an outer surface of the first glass pane (1). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (17) are produced by selective sandblasting of an outer surface of the first glass pane (1). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (20) are produced by surface engraving of the outside (1a) of the first glass pane (1). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure are produced by selectively applying a paint (19) containing a phosphorescent material. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sections with modified surface or surface structure (12) are produced by selective laser irradiation, in particular with a CO2 laser.

Images