ADAPTIVE SELF-HEATING BATTERY CELLS CONTAINING A MATERIAL WITH A NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

Abstract

A battery cell comprises C cathode electrodes with a layer of cathode active material arranged on a cathode current collector, A anode electrodes with a layer of anode active material arranged on an anode current collector, and S separators, where C, A, and S are integers. In some examples, at least one of the C cathode electrodes and the A anode electrode comprises a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material. In other examples, a resistance heating layer is arranged adjacent to at least one of the C cathode electrodes and the A anode electrode and comprises a layer of a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material arranged on one electrode. The NTC material is selected from a group consisting of a spinel-structured metal oxide, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) oxide, a copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) oxide ceramic comprising a metal oxide, and combinations thereof.

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